A method for cultivating rhizoma drynariae spore seedlings

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, in particular to a method for breeding and planting of Rhizoma Drynariae spores. The method comprises the following steps: breeding seedlings by using Rhizoma Drynariae spores, selecting the south slope, southeast slope and southwest slope sections of the Pinus massoniana forest land with a tree age of more than 10 years in Baisha Town of Shanghang County, the humus thickness being 10-20 cm, the soil below being red soil, the understory light transmittance being adjusted to 30-40% by thinning and pruning in the planting area, clearing the weeds and dead branches in the forest, ploughing with a depth of 20-30 cm, applying organic fertilizer at 2000-3000 kg per mu, rotary ploughing, leveling and ridging, digging planting holes in the planting ridge, planting the Rhizoma Drynariae seedlings into the planting holes, evenly covering the naturally fallen Pinus massoniana needles around the seedlings, watering once until the water is penetrated, performing weeding, water and fertilizer management and disease and pest control, and harvesting and digging out the stem tubers. The method has high fresh weight of single Rhizoma Drynariae planting stem block and high content of naringin, a secondary metabolite, which is higher than the pharmacopoeia standard.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a seedling planting method of spores of Drynariae Rhizoma. BACKGROUND

[0002] Drynariae Rhizoma, also known as Drynaria fortunei, is a plant of Drynariaceae Drynaria. Drynariae Rhizoma is used as medicine, and contains flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, volatile oils and other active ingredients. Dihydroflavonoids represented by naringin are the main components of Drynariae Rhizoma, and have the effects of promoting blood circulation to heal wounds and tonifying kidney and strengthening bones. Wild Drynaria fortunei plants are mostly epiphytic on tree trunks or stones at an altitude of 100m to 1800m, and are a group of typical and specialized epiphytic ferns. With the increasing demand for Drynariae Rhizoma, it is difficult to meet the market demand by relying on wild resources alone, and artificial planting technology of Drynariae Rhizoma is imperative. Compared with wild Drynariae Rhizoma, the biomass and secondary metabolite accumulation of artificially planted Drynariae Rhizoma rhizomes are slow, and the quality of Drynariae Rhizoma is poor. In addition, the existing technology for propagating Drynariae Rhizoma seedlings also has problems such as sparse spore germination, slow growth of prothallus, and low survival rate of seedlings after transplanting. SUMMARY

[0003] Based on the above deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a seedling planting method of spores of Drynariae Rhizoma. A large number of Drynariae Rhizoma seedlings are obtained by seedling cultivation, the spore germination process is uniform, the prothallus grows fast, the seedling condition is healthy, the seedling time is short, the obtained Drynariae Rhizoma seedlings are planted in the forest, the fresh weight of single Drynariae Rhizoma rhizome is high, and the content of naringin, a secondary metabolite, is higher than the standard of pharmacopoeia.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0005] A seedling planting method of spores of Drynariae Rhizoma, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Seedling cultivation: Drynariae Rhizoma spores are used for seedling cultivation;

[0007] (2) Forest land selection: the south slope, southeast slope and southwest slope sections of the Pinus massoniana forest land with a tree age of more than 10 years in Baisha Town, Shanghang County are selected, the thickness of humus is 10cm to 20cm, the soil below is red soil, and the light transmittance of the planting area is adjusted to 30% to 40% by adjusting the density of the branches;

[0008] (3) Land preparation and ridging: the forest grass and branches are cleaned, ploughing is performed, the ploughing depth is 20cm to 30cm, 2000kg to 3000kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and the land is leveled and ridged by rotary tillage;

[0009] The components and weight parts of the organic fertilizer are as follows: crop straw 40-60 parts, poultry manure 25-40 parts, mushroom residue 15-30 parts, porous moisture adjusting substrate 10-20 parts, and EM bacterial agent 0.1-0.5 parts.

[0010] (4) Hole transplanting: In the middle of April to the early May, holes are dug in the planting ridge, and the Drynaria fortunei seedlings are transplanted into the holes, and the seedlings are evenly covered with naturally fallen Pinus massoniana needles around the seedlings, and once water is poured to make the water permeate;

[0011] (5) Daily management: weed control, water and fertilizer management, and disease and pest control are performed.

[0012] (6) Harvesting: the tubers are harvested.

[0013] The local abundant red soil Pinus massoniana forest resources in Longyan are used to carry out the intensive Drynaria fortunei cultivation mode under the trees. The trees can provide a scattered light environment for the Drynaria fortunei, and the volatile oil and tannic acid contained in the Pinus massoniana needles can inhibit the growth and reproduction of plant pathogens and pests, and can reduce the diseases and pests. Before the seedlings are transplanted, lime is scattered to adjust the soil acidity, reduce the content of harmful substances in the soil, improve the permeability and water retention of the soil, increase the nutrient absorption capacity of the crops, and the calcium element can promote the growth of soil microorganisms. The crop straw in the organic fertilizer can increase the organic matter content, improve the soil structure, improve the water retention and aeration of the soil, enhance the soil fertility, and promote the growth of plants. The poultry manure and mushroom residue can increase the soil fertility, organic matter content, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other nutrient elements, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve the coating aeration, promote microbial activity, promote plant growth and increase yield. The porous moisture adjusting substrate plays a role in adjusting the water environment for the growth of the Drynaria fortunei plants, and can significantly improve the survival rate and the weight of the Drynaria fortunei tubers. The EM bacteria can promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, improve the soil structure and aeration, improve the soil fertility and water retention capacity, and reduce the content of harmful substances in the soil, thereby promoting the growth of plants.

[0014] Further, the method further comprises once pinching the plants in the middle of November to the early December of the year when the plants are transplanted, and covering the plants with 5-10 cm thick pine needles after the pinching treatment.

[0015] The specific method of the pinching treatment is that 2-3 new leaves at the center of the plants are cut off near the roots in the middle of November to the early December. The winter temperature in the natural environment is low, and removing the tender leaves at the center of the plants and covering the thick pine needles can reduce the frost injury of the plants and improve the survival rate of the plants in the forest culture. The planting results show that the pinching can also significantly increase the fresh weight of the rhizomes of the Drynaria fortunei and the content of naringin.

[0016] Further, the step (3) further comprises spreading lime into the cleaned forest land at 20kg-40kg per mu before ploughing.

[0017] Further, the porous humidity regulating substrate comprises the following raw materials by weight: 30-50 parts of rice husk ash, 2-5 parts of seaweed powder, 0.5-2 parts of potassium polyacrylate, and 0.1-1 parts of dilute phosphoric acid.

[0018] Further, the preparation method of the porous humidity regulating substrate comprises the following steps: adding 20 parts of rice husk ash into 100 parts of water to fully disperse, then adding 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate, and 0.5 parts of dilute phosphoric acid, stirring at 60-80°C for 2-4 hours, then adding 20 parts of rice husk ash, stirring and mixing for 30 minutes, and then granulating and drying to obtain the porous humidity regulating substrate.

[0019] The porous humidity regulating substrate uses porous rice husk ash as a carrier, and the rice husk ash is rich in potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which can improve soil fertility and regulate pH value. The rice husk ash is stirred and reacted with seaweed powder, potassium polyacrylate, and dilute phosphoric acid to form a porous humidity regulating granular structure, which can increase fertilizer efficiency, water retention, and humidity regulation, and provide a suitable water environment for plants. The planting test results show that the survival rate and root fresh weight of Rhizoma Drynariae planted under the forest can be improved.

[0020] Further, the crop straw in the step (3) is at least one selected from the group consisting of soybean straw, rice straw, rape straw, and corn straw.

[0021] Further, the spore seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1, substrate preparation and sterilization: the prepared humidity regulating seedling raising substrate is loaded into a cotton bag for high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization;

[0023] S2, substrate tray: the sterilized seedling raising substrate is laid into a seedling raising tray, and the seedling raising pot is 465mm long*335mm wide*85mm high;

[0024] S3, sowing: the Rhizoma Drynariae spores are added into clean water at a ratio of 1000mg / L, fully shaken, the nozzle of the spray bottle is adjusted to the thinnest, and then uniformly sprayed on the surface of the prepared substrate. The sowing amount of one seedling raising pot is controlled at 70-80mg, and daily cultivation and management is carried out until the spores germinate.

[0025] S4, gametophyte stage cultivation and management: after observing the growth state of the spore germination, the water is soaked once after the formation of the antheridium and archegonium, so as to facilitate the combination of sperm and egg to form a spore body seedling.

[0026] S5, sporozoite culture stage: when the first true leaf of sporozoite seedling is 2mm-4mm long, the seedling is transplanted to 50-hole tray in a temperature control greenhouse, and the seedling is completed when the seedling is 3cm-5cm long.

[0027] Further, the humidity adjusting seedling substrate in S1 comprises the following raw materials by weight: pine sawdust powder 60-70 parts, porous humidity adjusting substrate 5-20 parts, river sand 20-30 parts, and the particle size of the substrate is below 6mm.

[0028] Further, the porous humidity adjusting substrate used in the seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials by weight: 30-50 parts of rice husk ash, 0-5 parts of seaweed powder, 0.5-2 parts of potassium polyacrylate, and 0.1-1 parts of dilute phosphoric acid; the particle size of the river sand is 0.35-0.5mm.

[0029] Further, the harvesting method is to harvest and dig out the stem blocks from November in the second year to early December in the third year of under-forest planting.

[0030] The daily management of the application is carried out by referring to conventional methods for weeding, water and fertilizer management, and disease and pest control.

[0031] The water and fertilizer management method is: watering once every 1-2 days in summer, watering in the morning and evening every day, and avoiding watering at noon, especially when the sunlight is strong, and in principle, the substrate can be kept moist, and in the growing season, the water is supplemented according to the local precipitation period and rainfall, and in winter, the water is reduced, and it is appropriate to water once a week, and the quick-acting liquid fertilizer is applied once every 3 months at 800 times of fertilizer;

[0032] Disease and pest control: there are few diseases and pests in forest planting, and if termites are found, 1% fipronil termite powder can be sprayed to kill termites in spring and summer.

[0033] Weeding management: weeding management is mainly manual weeding, and chemical herbicides are avoided.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The under-forest intensive radix adenosmae planting mode is carried out by using the abundant red soil pinus massoniana forest resources in Longyan, the pinus massoniana forest can provide the scattered light environment required for the growth of radix adenosmae, provide the wild cultivation environment for radix adenosmae, improve the planting quality of radix adenosmae, and reduce the equipment and facility investment of greenhouse planting, so that the economic value is high.

[0036] 2. The composition of organic fertilizer is improved, lime is scattered during land preparation to adjust soil acidity, reduce harmful microorganisms, and increase soil fertility by applying organic fertilizer such as crop straw and livestock manure, improve soil aeration, mushroom residue promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure to further improve the fertility, and the porous moisture regulating substrate can play the role of water environment for plant growth, water retention and air permeability, significantly improve the survival rate and fresh weight of rhizome of Drynariae Rhizoma under the planting of Drynariae Rhizoma.

[0037] 3. In the middle of November to the early December of the year when the plant is transplanted, the Drynariae Rhizoma is pinched and covered with thick pine needles to keep warm, which can reduce plant frost injury and improve plant survival rate. The planting results show that pinching can also significantly improve the fresh weight of rhizome of Drynariae Rhizoma and the content of naringin.

[0038] 4. The improved Drynariae Rhizoma spore seedling substrate is prepared by using pine needles and pine tree processing waste pine bark as raw materials, which are rich in Longyan and are fermented and decomposed by EM bacteria. The prepared substrate is loose, water-retaining and air-permeable, and the water is stable and moist. Compared with ordinary seedling substrate, the seedling method of the application has the advantages of fast germination of Drynariae Rhizoma spores, good growth of original leaf blade, and fast growth speed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions of the application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the embodiments of the application. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the application.

[0040] The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified, and the raw materials can be obtained from public commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0041] Example 1: Drynariae Rhizoma spore seedling

[0042] In the culture room and temperature-controlled greenhouse of Fujian and Kangyao Plant Technology Co., Ltd., four test groups and two control groups were set. Test group 1 used moisture regulating seedling substrate 1; test group 2 used moisture regulating seedling substrate 2; test group 3 used moisture regulating seedling substrate 3; test group 4 used moisture regulating seedling substrate 4; control group 1 used seedling substrate 5; and control group 2 used commercially available 0-6mm Pinus seedling substrate. Three seedling trays were set for each of the four test groups and two control groups.

[0043] The preparation method of the seedling substrate is as follows:

[0044] The preparation method of the moisture-regulating seedling substrate 1 is as follows: 65 parts of pine wood powder, 10 parts of porous moisture-regulating substrate, and 25 parts of river sand are fully mixed according to weight parts, and are crushed to 0 mm-6 mm specifications. The pine needle wood powder is prepared as follows: the naturally fallen pine needles in the pine forest are dried and crushed to small pieces of about 8 mm-10 mm, and the pine bark of pine processing waste is dried and crushed to small particles of about 8 mm-10 mm. The pine needles and pine bark are loaded into black plastic bags layer by layer according to a mass ratio of 100:30, that is, a layer of pine needles is first laid at the bottom of the bag, and then a layer of pine bark is laid. After laying, evenly spray 100 times diluted EM bacteria liquid, repeat several times until the plastic bag is filled, then seal the bag opening, control the weight gain to 50%, and ferment in a warm place for 3-6 months until completely rotted, and then use. The preparation method of the porous moisture-regulating substrate is as follows: 20 parts of rice hull ash is added to 100 parts of water and fully dispersed, then 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate, and 0.5 parts of dilute phosphoric acid (10%) are added, stirred at 80°C for 3h, then 20 parts of rice hull ash is added and stirred for 30min, then granulated and dried to obtain the porous moisture-regulating substrate.

[0045] The moisture-regulating seedling substrate 2 is different from the moisture-regulating seedling substrate 1 in that the porous moisture-regulating substrate in the formula is 20 parts.

[0046] The moisture-regulating seedling substrate 3 is different from the moisture-regulating seedling substrate 1 in that the preparation method of the porous moisture-regulating substrate in the formula is as follows: 20 parts of rice hull ash is added to 100 parts of water and fully dispersed, then 2 parts of seaweed powder, 2 parts of potassium polyacrylate, and 0.5 parts of dilute phosphoric acid (10%) are added, stirred at 80°C for 3h, then 20 parts of rice hull ash is added and stirred for 30min, then granulated and dried to obtain the porous moisture-regulating substrate.

[0047] The moisture-regulating seedling substrate 4 is different from the moisture-regulating seedling substrate 1 in that the porous moisture-regulating substrate in the formula does not contain seaweed powder.

[0048] The moisture-regulating seedling substrate 5 is different from the moisture-regulating seedling substrate 1 in that an equal amount of rice hull ash is used to replace the porous moisture-regulating substrate in the formula.

[0049] The seedling method of Drynariae Spore is as follows:

[0050] S1: The prepared substrate is poured into a preparation bucket and stirred until the substrate is scattered and there are no large clumps. Water is added and stirred until the substrate can be formed into a ball and falls to a dispersed degree. Then the pre-wetted substrate is loaded into a cotton cloth bag. The bag should not be compacted during loading to keep the substrate loose, which is beneficial to subsequent sterilization. After loading, the bag opening is sealed, and a sterilization pot is used for sterilization at 121°C for 40min. After sterilization, the pressure and temperature are naturally reduced.

[0051] S2: The operation room is sterilized with ultraviolet lamp in advance, once in the morning and once in the evening, each for 60 minutes. The sterilized substrate is evenly laid in the bottom of the water-leakable seedling tray with a length of 465 mm, a width of 335 mm and a height of 85 mm in the operation room, and is appropriately compacted to make the substrate flat and compact, with a thickness of about 3 cm. The substrate is soaked in the tray containing clean water until it is fully saturated, and then excess water is filtered out. The substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet lamp for 1 hour.

[0052] S3: The spores of Drynariae Rhizoma are added to clean water at a proportion of 1000 mg / L, and the nozzle of the spray bottle is adjusted to the thinnest. The spores are uniformly sprayed on the surface of the prepared substrate. The seeding amount of one seedling tray is controlled at about 75 mg. The water on the edge of the culture tray is wiped dry, and the tray is covered with glass and transferred to the culture room for culture (the culture room is sterilized with ultraviolet lamp once in the morning and once in the evening one day in advance, each for 60 minutes), and daily culture management is carried out until the spores germinate.

[0053] Daily culture management is carried out by using light supplement lamp for light supplement. The light condition is 100 μmol / m 2 s, the light cycle is 12 h / d, the culture room temperature is controlled at 26±2℃, and the air relative humidity is 60% to 80%. If there are many glass water droplets after seeding for about one week, the tray should be placed obliquely to prevent the glass water droplets from falling and causing the substrate to be uneven and the spores to fail to germinate. The tray is placed horizontally after 3 to 7 days of oblique placement. If there are still many water droplets after being placed horizontally, the tray is placed obliquely again for several days and then placed horizontally. At the same time, attention should be paid to check the change of substrate humidity and adjust it in time.

[0054] S4: Culture management at the gametophyte stage: the growth state after spore germination is observed, and the water is soaked once after the formation of antheridium and neck egg apparatus to facilitate the combination of sperm and egg to form spore body seedlings.

[0055] S5: When the first true leaf of the spore body seedling appears and grows to 2 mm to 4 mm, the seedlings are transplanted to the 50-hole plug tray in the temperature-controlled greenhouse for culture until the seedlings grow to 3 cm to 5 cm, and the seedling culture is completed. The light transmittance of the temperature-controlled greenhouse is controlled at 50% to 60%, the temperature is 20 to 28℃, and the air relative humidity is 60% to 80%.

[0056] The growth of the seedlings at each stage is counted and recorded. The spore germination time is determined by the visible filamentous body. The whole plate seedling germination condition is observed. The prothallus is observed to be clear to two leaves. The growth and development of the prothallus are observed. The seedling culture time (from seeding to 90% survival of the seedlings with a height of 4±1 cm) is recorded. The qualified rate of the seedlings is calculated according to the number of qualified and strong seedlings in the hole tray / the total number of seedlings in the hole tray × 100%. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] From Table 1, it can be seen that in the spore seedling raising method of Drynariae Rhizoma, compared with the control group 1-2, the test groups 1-4 have fast spore germination, good growth of the prothallus blade, fast growth speed, and fast seedling raising time, and the test group 2 is the best. It can be seen from the test group 4 and the test group 1 that the sea algae powder in the porous humidity adjusting substrate can improve the growth speed of the seedling, the prothallus blade is emerald green, and the survival rate is improved.

[0061] Example 2: Drynariae Rhizoma planting

[0062] The south slope of the Pinus massoniana forest land with a tree age of more than 10 years in Shaxia Town, Shanghang County is selected as the test point, the humus thickness is 10-20 cm, the soil is red soil, the soil about 10 cm below the ground is collected, the soil pH is 4.9, the organic matter is 27.5 g / kg, the total nitrogen is 1.76 g / kg, the total phosphorus is 0.39 g / kg, and the total potassium is 10.5 g / kg. The soil is relatively poor and the pH is low. The planting area is first adjusted by thinning and pruning to make the light transmittance in the forest be 30-40%. Three test groups and three control groups are set for the Drynariae Rhizoma planting test. The test groups I-III and the control group I are planted in the forest, and the control groups II-III are planted in the sunshade shed. Three planting ridges are set for each test group and control group. The test seedlings are the healthy seedlings with uniform growth cultivated in the test group 2 of Example 1. The planting methods of the test groups I-III and the control group I in the forest are as follows.

[0063] S1, land preparation: clear the weeds and branches in the forest, spread 30 kg / mu of lime, deep plough with a depth of 20-30 cm, and then after 5 days, apply 2500 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, rotary till, and make ridges with a width of 1 m in the east-west direction and a length of 3 m in the south-north direction according to the mountain terrain, and the height of the ridges is 20 cm.

[0064] The organic fertilizer composition and preparation method used in the test groups I-II are as follows: 50 parts of soybean straw, 30 parts of rotten cow dung, 20 parts of mushroom residue, 20 parts of porous humidity adjusting substrate, and 0.3 parts of EM microbial agent are fully mixed and uniformly distributed to obtain the organic fertilizer. The preparation method of the porous humidity adjusting substrate is as follows: 20 parts of rice husk ash is added to 100 parts of water to fully disperse, then 5 parts of sea algae powder and 1 part of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 parts of dilute phosphoric acid (10%) are added, stirred at 80°C for 3 h, then 20 parts of rice husk ash is added and stirred for 30 min, granulated, dried, and obtained.

[0065] The organic fertilizer composition and preparation method used in the test group III and the control group I are as follows: 50 parts of soybean straw, 30 parts of rotten cow dung, 20 parts of mushroom residue, and 0.3 parts of EM microbial agent are fully mixed and uniformly distributed to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0066] S2, hole transplanting: in the middle of April to the early May, the temperature is 18-24℃, dig planting hole on the planting ridge, the hole interval is 20 cm, plant the Dipsacus asper seedling to the planting hole, evenly cover the 2 cm thick natural fallen pine needles around the seedling, pour once the water;

[0067] S3, daily management: carry out weeding, water and fertilizer management and disease and pest control to the Dipsacus asper according to the conventional method;

[0068] S4: pinching treatment: in the middle of November to the early December of the year when the plant is transplanted to the forest, remove 2-3 new leaves in the center of the plant, cover 5-10 cm thick pine needles around the plant after pinching to overwinter.

[0069] The test groups I and III carry out pinching treatment, the test group II and the control group I do not carry out pinching treatment:

[0070] S5, harvesting: carry out harvesting in the middle of November to the early December of the second year of the forest planting to dig out the stem block.

[0071] The control group II-III adopts the following method for the sunshade greenhouse planting: select the leeward sunny unobstructed open space around the forest, build a 3m high sunshade shed, ventilate around, cover black sunshade cloth on the top, after the ground is leveled, make the ridge with the width of 1m in the east-west direction and the length of 3m in the south-north direction, the ridge surface height is 20cm, the ridge surface is paved with black cloth, place the pots, the pot interval is 20cm. Adopt the same method for daily management (all do not carry out pinching treatment), surround the sunshade shed with appropriate heat preservation in winter. The control group II adopts the substrate of the moisture adjusting seedling substrate 1 of the embodiment 1+10% of the rotten cow dung (directly used, without need of being crushed to 0-6mm), the control group III adopts 0-10mm of the Pinshi Top peat moss+10% of the rotten cow dung as the planting substrate.

[0072] Statistically analyze the survival rate, root stem biomass and secondary metabolite of the Dipsacus asper planted in the forest of each test group, the test method and the results are as follows:

[0073] Survival rate: the survival number of Dipsacus asper / the transplanted number of Dipsacus asper×100% at the time of harvesting;

[0074] Root stem biomass (fresh weight): randomly select 30 Dipsacus asper plants in each test group, weigh the fresh root stem weight after removing the soil and take the average value.

[0075] Secondary metabolite content: according to the method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, test the content of phloridzin, the test results are shown in Table 2:

[0076] Table 2

[0077] No. Survival rate (%) Fresh weight (g / plant) Naringin (%) Test group I 94 85 0.83 Test group II 89 77 0.68 Test group III 91 81 0.82 Control group I 85 63 0.65 Control group II 94 68 0.52 Control group III 89 58 0.47

[0078] As shown in Table 2, compared with the control group II and the control group III, the fresh rhizome weight and the naringin content of the test group I-III are high, which indicates that the quality of the bone fracture patch planted under the Pinus massoniana is higher. In combination with the test group I and the test group II, it can be seen that the survival rate of the plant is improved after pinching, and the fresh rhizome weight and the naringin content are also higher. In combination with the test group II and the control group I, it can be seen that the survival rate of the plant and the fresh rhizome weight of the bone fracture patch are higher when the organic fertilizer containing the porous humidity adjusting matrix is applied in the planting of the bone fracture patch.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments of the present application can be modified or some technical features can be replaced by equivalent ones, which should be covered in the technical solution range claimed by the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating and planting *Drynaria fortunei* spores, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Spore propagation: Soil spores of Drynaria fortunei were used for propagation; (2) Forest site selection: Select the south, southeast and southwest slopes of the Masson pine forest in Baisha Town, Shanghang County, with trees over 10 years old, humus thickness of 10cm to 20cm, and red soil underneath. The light transmittance of the understory in the planting area is adjusted to 30% to 40% through thinning and pruning. (3) Land preparation and ridging: Clear weeds and dead branches in the forest, plow the land to a depth of 20cm to 30cm, apply organic fertilizer at a rate of 2000kg to 3000kg / mu, and then rotary till and level the land to form ridges; The organic fertilizer contains the following components and weight percentages: 40-60 parts crop straw, 25-40 parts poultry and livestock manure, 15-30 parts mushroom residue, 10-20 parts porous moisture-regulating substrate, and 0.1-0.5 parts EM agent. (4) Digging holes for transplanting: From mid-April to early May, dig planting holes on the planting ridges, plant the seedlings of Drynaria fortunei into the planting holes, and evenly cover the seedlings with naturally fallen pine needles. Water thoroughly once. (5) Daily management: Weeding, water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control; (6) Harvesting: Harvest the stems and dig them out; The preparation method of the porous humidity-regulating matrix is ​​as follows: according to the weight parts, 20 parts of rice husk ash are added to 100 parts of water and fully dispersed, then 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 parts of dilute phosphoric acid are added, and stirred at 60℃~80℃ for 2h~4h. Then, 20 parts of rice husk ash are added and stirred for 30min, granulated and dried to obtain the matrix. The method also includes pinching the plant from mid-November to early December of the year of transplanting, and then covering the plant with 5cm to 10cm thick pine needles for overwintering.

2. The method for cultivating and planting *Drynaria fortunei* spores according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (3) Before tilling, lime is also spread on the cleared forest land at a rate of 20-40 kg / mu.

3. The method for cultivating and planting *Drynaria fortunei* spores according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crop straw in step (3) is selected from at least one of soybean straw, rice straw, rapeseed straw and corn straw.

4. The method for cultivating and planting *Drynaria fortunei* spores according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spore propagation method described in step (1) includes the following steps: S1. Substrate preparation and sterilization: The prepared humidified seedling substrate is put into a cotton bag and sterilized under high temperature and high pressure. S2. Substrate loading: Spread the sterilized seedling substrate into the seedling trays. The seedling trays should be 465mm long * 335mm wide * 85mm high. S3. Sowing: Add the spores of Drynaria fortunei to clean water at a ratio of 1000 mg / L, shake well, adjust the nozzle of the sprayer to the finest, and spray evenly on the prepared substrate surface. The sowing amount for one seedling pot should be controlled at 70 mg to 80 mg. Carry out daily culture management until the spores germinate. S4. Gametophyte stage culture and management: Observe the growth status after spore germination, and soak the sporophyte in water once after the formation of antheridium and archegonia to facilitate the combination of sperm and eggs to form sporophyte seedlings; S5. Sporophyte Culture Stage: When the first true leaf of the sporophyte seedling is 2mm to 4mm long, the seedlings are transplanted. The seedlings are then transplanted into 50-cell trays using tweezers and cultured in a temperature-controlled greenhouse until they reach 3cm to 5cm in length, at which point the seedling cultivation is complete.

5. The method for cultivating and planting *Drynaria fortunei* spores according to claim 4, characterized in that, The moisture-regulating seedling substrate described in S1 comprises the following raw materials by weight: 60-70 parts pine wood chips, 5-20 parts porous moisture-regulating substrate, and 20-30 parts river sand, with a substrate particle size of less than 6 mm.

6. The method for cultivating and planting *Drynaria fortunei* spores according to claim 5, characterized in that, The porous moisture-regulating substrate used in the seedling substrate includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 50 parts rice husk ash, 0 to 5 parts seaweed powder, 0.5 to 2 parts potassium polyacrylate, and 0.1 to 1 part dilute phosphoric acid; the river sand has a particle size of 0.35 mm to 0.5 mm.

7. The method for cultivating and planting *Drynaria fortunei* spores according to claim 1, characterized in that, The harvesting method described in step (6) is to dig out the stems from mid-November to early December of the second to third year after planting under the Drynaria fortunei forest.

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