A viscosity reducer for heavy oil and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation, and particularly relates to a heavy oil viscosity reducer and a synthesis method thereof. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: adding piperazine, DMF and halogenated alkyl in a four-necked flask, stirring and reacting, maintaining pH 6-8 by using sodium hydroxide during the reaction, and cooling to room temperature; adding chloroethyl sulfonate sodium and water in the four-necked flask, heating in an oil bath, stirring and heat-insulating reaction, and performing reduced pressure distillation to obtain a viscous solid; performing recrystallization by using a solvent to obtain a solid, drying overnight, and obtaining the product. The viscosity reducer has the advantages of high temperature resistance, high salt resistance, low concentration and high activity, and can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil by more than 99% under the condition that the use concentration is 500 mg / L.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of petroleum extraction technology, and relates to a chemical agent used in the extraction of heavy oil, specifically a heavy oil viscosity reducer and its synthesis method. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy oil accounts for a significant proportion of the world's oil and gas resources. Statistics show that the world's reserves of heavy oil, extra-heavy oil, and natural bitumen are approximately 1000 × 10⁻⁶. 8 China's heavy oil and bitumen resources are widely distributed, with more than 70 heavy oil fields discovered in 12 basins. The estimated heavy oil and bitumen resources in China could reach 300 × 10⁻⁶ tons. 8 Above t. Currently, the main methods for heavy oil extraction in my country are steam huff and puff and steam drive. Steam drive is one of the more technically and economically successful technologies for converting heavy oil reservoirs for development.

[0003] However, the main problem currently facing heavy oil steam drive is the reservoir heterogeneity and the differences in the operating conditions of each production well. This causes steam breakthrough to occur first in production wells located in high-permeability directions, with high production rates and small injection-production well spacing, making it impossible to effectively guarantee reservoir heat utilization and economic efficiency. Heavy oil viscosity reducers can effectively reduce heavy oil viscosity, lower oil-water interfacial tension, increase reservoir energy, and reduce residual oil saturation, thereby improving the development effect of heavy oil reservoirs.

[0004] CN1221650 discloses a surfactant mainly used for reducing the viscosity of heavy oil in oil fields. Its formulation, by weight, contains 15-20% lignin, 5-15% caustic soda, 2-8% soap powder or 1-6% soap, 10-15% synthetic detergent, and the remainder is water. The raw materials used in this surfactant are inexpensive and readily available, and the preparation method is simple. Its viscosity reduction rate can reach over 95%. Especially under high-temperature conditions exceeding 300℃, its performance remains undiminished. However, it requires the addition of alkaline substances to achieve a good emulsification and viscosity reduction effect on heavy oil. These alkaline substances can lead to difficulties in subsequent demulsification, posing a potential hazard to the crude oil processing process.

[0005] CN102876309B discloses a heavy oil viscosity reducer, comprising hydrocarbon oil, β-cyclodextrin, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and a hydrophilic component. Based on a mass ratio of 1 for the hydrophilic component, the hydrocarbon oil comprises 0.25–2.5%, the β-cyclodextrin comprises 0.006–0.33%, and the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether comprises 0.0006–0.033%. The hydrophilic component is selected from one or more of C1–C4 monocarboxylic acids, C1–C4 monohydric alcohols, C1–C4 monoamines, and C1–C4 amides. The fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is a polyoxyethylene ether obtained by using a fatty alcohol as an initiator. The fatty alcohol used as the initiator is a C4–C20 straight-chain or branched fatty alcohol with a degree of polymerization of ethylene oxide of 2–10. This heavy oil viscosity reducer is a solution or microemulsion. However, the presence of carboxylates in the formulation makes it sensitive to hardness during use, limiting its large-scale application.

[0006] CN112011325A discloses an oil-soluble viscosity reducer for heavy oil, comprising a fatty acid methyl ester, wherein the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid moiety of the fatty acid methyl ester ranges from 12 to 24. The fatty acid methyl ester of this invention has mild synthesis conditions, and the raw materials are widely available, abundant, inexpensive, and readily available, resulting in low cost. For example, in Xinjiang, a major cottonseed oil producing province, local resources, especially cottonseed oil resources, can be fully utilized. Furthermore, the purity requirements for methanol during the production process vary. The fatty acid methyl ester obtained by this invention has good flowability and viscosity-reducing effect, uses readily available raw materials, and has a simple synthesis process, requiring no complex or harsh synthesis conditions. The dosage of the heavy oil viscosity reducer of this invention does not exceed 40% of the total mass of the heavy oil. This small dosage can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil by more than 90%. Therefore, the fatty acid methyl ester of this invention is suitable for large-scale oilfield exploitation and transportation. However, for extra-heavy oil, a 90% viscosity reduction is insufficient to meet practical needs, and extraction and transportation remain challenging.

[0007] CN200410088698.3 discloses a heavy oil emulsifying viscosity reducer, comprising the following components: a) anionic surfactant; b) nonionic-anionic surfactant; c) demulsifier; d) water. The weight ratio of a, b, and c is 1:0.1-50:0.01-20, and the water volume is 0.2-5000 times the total weight of a, b, and c. The anionic surfactant is a sodium or calcium salt of petroleum sulfonate formaldehyde condensate and sulfonated lignin. The nonionic-anionic surfactant is selected from phosphate, sulfate, carboxyl, and sulfonate salts of alkylphenols or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers. The demulsifier is an alkyl halide ammonium type cationic demulsifier, a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyol ether type nonionic demulsifier, or a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyethylene polyamine block copolymer. The heavy oil emulsifying viscosity reducer provided by this invention has advantages such as strong resistance to mineral salts, ability to emulsify heavy oils with high gum and asphaltenes content, and low viscosity of the emulsified heavy oil. However, the presence of phosphate salts in the formula can lead to some environmental pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention addresses the problems encountered in heavy oil extraction in China by providing a heavy oil viscosity reducer and its preparation method. This viscosity reducer has the advantages of strong temperature and salt resistance, high activity at low concentrations, and can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil by more than 99% at a concentration of 500 mg / L.

[0009] Therefore, in order to achieve the above objectives, on the one hand, the present invention provides a method for preparing a heavy oil viscosity reducer, the method comprising: firstly, under substitution reaction conditions, in the presence of DMF, piperazine and haloalkanes undergo a reverse substitution reaction; secondly, under sulfonation reaction conditions, sodium chloroethyl sulfonate is added to carry out a sulfonation reaction, wherein the haloalkanes have the structural formula shown in formula (1).

[0010] RX (1)

[0011] Where R is C8-C 22 Alkyl group; X is one of chlorine, bromine and iodine.

[0012] On the other hand, the present invention provides a viscosity reducer for heavy oil, the molecular structural formula of which is as follows:

[0013]

[0014] Where R is C8-C 22 Alkyl groups.

[0015] Thirdly, the present invention provides an application of the viscosity reducer described above in the development of heavy oil.

[0016] This invention pertains to amphoteric surfactants with both cationic and anionic groups. The hydrophilic groups include two sulfonic acid groups and two quaternary ammonium salts, resulting in higher surface activity and a lower critical micelle concentration compared to conventional surfactants with only one hydrophilic and lipophilic group, thus requiring a lower dosage. The two long-chain alkyl groups are hydrophobic, exhibiting good lipophilic properties, allowing the molecules to rapidly penetrate from the aqueous phase to the oil phase through the oil-water interface. This facilitates intermolecular interactions with large aromatic ring compounds and long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons in heavy oil, enabling the removal of colloids and asphaltenes adsorbed at the oil-water interface of water-in-oil emulsions. The molecule itself contains a cyclic structure, which, according to the principle of "like dissolves like," readily interacts with cyclic structures within heavy oil molecules, converting W / O emulsions to O / W emulsions under low-kinetic conditions. Furthermore, the active groups in the molecule are quaternary ammonium salts and sulfonates, thus providing high tolerance to hardness during use.

[0017] The beneficial effects and advantages of this invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0018] (1) The heavy oil viscosity reducer of the present invention has the advantages of wide availability of raw materials, simple synthesis process, clean and pollution-free process, and easy-to-obtain, transport and store product;

[0019] (2) The heavy oil viscosity reducer of the present invention has the characteristics of high activity and low concentration. Under the condition of using a concentration of 500 mg / L, it can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil by more than 99%. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0021] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing a heavy oil viscosity reducer, the method comprising: firstly, under substitution reaction conditions, in the presence of DMF, a piperazine and a haloalkane undergo a reverse substitution reaction; secondly, under sulfonation reaction conditions, sodium chloroethyl sulfonate is added to carry out a sulfonation reaction, wherein the haloalkane has the structural formula shown in formula (1).

[0022] RX (1)

[0023] Where R is C8-C 22 Alkyl groups, preferably C 10 -C 18 n-alkyl, more preferably C 12 -C 16 Straight-chain alkyl;

[0024] X is one of chlorine, bromine, and iodine, more preferably bromine or iodine.

[0025] In this invention, R in formula (1) is C 10 -C 18 n-alkyl, more preferably C 12 -C 16 Straight-chain alkyl groups.

[0026] In this invention, preferably, X in formula (1) is bromine or iodine.

[0027] In this invention, based on 1 mole of piperazine, the amounts of the chloroalkane and sodium chloroethylsulfonate are 1.9-2.5 moles and 1.9-2.5 moles, respectively; more preferably, based on 1 mole of piperazine, the amounts of the chloroalkane and sodium chloroethylsulfonate are 2-2.3 moles and 2-2.3 moles, respectively; even more preferably, based on 1 mole of piperazine, the amounts of the chloroalkane and sodium chloroethylsulfonate are 2-2.1 moles and 2-2.1 moles, respectively.

[0028] In this invention, preferably, the temperature of the substitution reaction is 60-65°C and the time is 6-12h; more preferably, the temperature of the substitution reaction is 60-63°C and the time is 8-10h.

[0029] In this invention, preferably, the mass ratio of DMF to piperazine is 10-20:1; more preferably, the mass ratio of DMF to piperazine is 12-15:1.

[0030] In this invention, preferably, the sulfonation reaction is carried out at a temperature of 105-110°C for 24-48 hours; more preferably, the sulfonation reaction is carried out at a temperature of 106-109°C for 32-40 hours.

[0031] According to a more specific preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the heavy oil viscosity reducer specifically includes the following steps:

[0032] (1) Add piperazine, DMF and haloalkane to a four-necked flask, stir the reaction at 60-65℃, and maintain pH 6-8 with 1M sodium hydroxide during the reaction, and cool to room temperature;

[0033] (2) Add sodium chloroethyl sulfonate and water to the above four-necked flask, heat in an oil bath to 105-110℃, stir and keep warm to react, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous solid.

[0034] (3) Recrystallize with solvent to obtain solid, dry at 105°C overnight to obtain product.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of water to piperazine in step (2) is 0.5-5:1; more preferably, the mass ratio of water to piperazine in step (2) is 1-3:1.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the solvent in step (3) is ethyl acetate or n-hexane.

[0037] The reaction equation for the synthesis of the heavy oil viscosity reducer is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] Secondly, the present invention provides a heavy oil viscosity reducer prepared by the above method, wherein the molecular structural formula of the heavy oil viscosity reducer is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Where R is C8-C 22 Alkyl groups, preferably C 10 -C 18 n-alkyl, more preferably C 12 -C 16 Straight-chain alkyl groups.

[0042] Thirdly, this invention provides an application of the heavy oil viscosity reducer described above in heavy oil development. There are no particular requirements for the specific application; it can be any conventional application method in the field, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0043] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0045] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

[0046] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0047] In this invention, all the devices or equipment used are conventional devices or equipment known in the art and are readily available.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in the following examples and comparative examples are commercially available chemically pure reagents.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] (1) Add 0.1 mol piperazine, 86 g DMF and 0.19 mol chlorooctane to a four-necked flask, stir at 60-65 °C for 6 h, and maintain pH 6-8 with 1 M sodium hydroxide during the reaction. Cool to room temperature.

[0051] (2) Add 0.19 mol sodium chloroethyl sulfonate and 4.3 g water to the above four-necked flask, heat in an oil bath to 105-110℃, stir and keep warm for 24 h, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous solid.

[0052] (3) Recrystallize with ethyl acetate to obtain a solid, dry at 105°C overnight to obtain product J1.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] (1) Add 0.1 mol piperazine, 172 g DMF and 0.25 mol bromodocosahexanes to a four-necked flask, stir at 60-65 °C for 12 h, and maintain pH 6-8 with 1 M sodium hydroxide during the reaction. Cool to room temperature.

[0055] (2) Add 0.25 mol sodium chloroethyl sulfonate and 43 g water to the above four-necked flask, heat in an oil bath to 105-110 °C, stir and keep warm for 48 h, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous solid.

[0056] (3) Recrystallize with ethyl acetate to obtain a solid, dry at 105°C overnight to obtain product J2.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] (1) Add 0.1 mol piperazine, 120 g DMF and 0.21 mol iodododecane to a four-necked flask, stir at 60-65 °C for 6 h, and maintain pH 6-8 with 1 M sodium hydroxide during the reaction, and cool to room temperature.

[0059] (2) Add 0.22 mol sodium chloroethyl sulfonate and 6 g water to the above four-necked flask, heat in an oil bath to 105-110℃, stir and keep warm for 36 h, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous solid.

[0060] (3) Recrystallize with ethyl acetate to obtain a solid, dry at 105°C overnight to obtain product J3.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] (1) Add 0.1 mol piperazine, 130 g DMF and 0.22 mol iodooctadecane to a four-necked flask, stir at 60-65 °C for 12 h, and maintain pH 6-8 with 1 M sodium hydroxide during the reaction. Cool to room temperature.

[0063] (2) Add 0.22 mol sodium chloroethyl sulfonate and 15 g water to the above four-necked flask, heat in an oil bath to 105-110 °C, stir and keep warm for 36 h, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous solid.

[0064] (3) Recrystallize with ethyl acetate to obtain a solid, dry at 105°C overnight to obtain product J4.

[0065] Example 5

[0066] (1) Add 0.1 mol piperazine, 140 g DMF and 0.23 mol bromododecane to a four-necked flask, stir at 60-65 °C for 10 h, and maintain pH 6-8 with 1 M sodium hydroxide during the reaction, and cool to room temperature.

[0067] (2) Add 0.22 mol sodium chloroethyl sulfonate and 20 g water to the above four-necked flask, heat in an oil bath to 105-110 °C, stir and keep warm for 36 h, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous solid.

[0068] (3) Recrystallize with cyclohexane to obtain a solid, dry at 105°C overnight to obtain product J5.

[0069] Example 6

[0070] (1) Add 0.1 mol piperazine, 150 g DMF and 0.22 mol hexadecane bromo to a four-necked flask, stir at 60-65 °C for 10 h, and maintain pH 6-8 with 1 M sodium hydroxide during the reaction. Cool to room temperature.

[0071] (2) Add 0.22 mol sodium chloroethyl sulfonate and 25 g water to the above four-necked flask, heat in an oil bath to 105-110 °C, stir and keep warm for 48 h, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous solid.

[0072] (3) Recrystallize with cyclohexane to obtain a solid, dry at 105°C overnight to obtain product J6.

[0073] Example 7

[0074] (1) Add 0.1 mol piperazine, 150 g DMF and 0.22 mol bromooctadecane to a four-necked flask, stir at 60-65 °C for 12 h, and maintain pH 6-8 with 1 M sodium hydroxide during the reaction, and cool to room temperature.

[0075] (2) Add 0.21 mol sodium chloroethyl sulfonate and 30 g water to the above four-necked flask, heat in an oil bath to 105-110 °C, stir and keep warm for 48 h, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous solid.

[0076] (3) Recrystallize with cyclohexane to obtain a solid, dry at 105°C overnight to obtain product J7.

[0077] Example 8

[0078] (1) Add 0.1 mol piperazine, 150 g DMF and 0.21 mol chlorooctane to a four-necked flask, stir at 60-65 °C for 6 h, and maintain pH 6-8 with 1 M sodium hydroxide during the reaction. Cool to room temperature.

[0079] (2) Add 0.21 mol sodium chloroethyl sulfonate and 32 g water to the above four-necked flask, heat in an oil bath to 105-110 °C, stir and keep warm for 48 h, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous solid.

[0080] (3) Recrystallize with cyclohexane to obtain a solid, dry at 105°C overnight to obtain product J8.

[0081] Test Example 1: Evaluation of Heavy Oil Viscosity Reducers

[0082] The crude oil used in this experiment was an oil sample from a block of the Binnan Oil Production Plant in Shengli Oilfield. The initial viscosity of the crude oil at 50℃ was 9820 mPa·s.

[0083] Heavy oil viscosity reducers J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J7, J8, as well as nonionic viscosity reducer OP-10 (alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether) and anionic viscosity reducer MS-1 (alkylphenol ether sulfosuccinate sodium salt), were prepared into solutions of 500 mg / L and 3000 mg / L, respectively.

[0084] The evaluation method refers to Q / SH10201519—2016 "General Technical Requirements for Heavy Oil Viscosity Reducers"

[0085]

[0086] In the formula:

[0087] f—viscosity reduction rate, %;

[0088] μ0 — Initial viscosity of crude oil at 50℃, mPa·s;

[0089] μ——Crude oil viscosity after viscosity reduction, mPa·s.

[0090] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1. Viscosity Reduction Test Results of Oil Samples from Binnan Oilfield

[0092]

[0093] As can be seen from Table 1, when the heavy oil viscosity reducers J1-J8 of the present invention are applied to crude oil with a viscosity of 9820 mPa·s, the viscosity reduction rate reaches 99% or higher when the concentration is 500 mg / L, with the highest reaching 99.2% (J8). In contrast, the viscosity reduction rates of commonly used viscosity reducers OP-10 and MS-1 at the same concentration are only 89.9% and 91.1%, respectively, which are significantly lower than the present invention, averaging less than 8 percentage points.

[0094] Test Example 2: Evaluation of Heavy Oil Viscosity Reducers

[0095] The crude oil used in this experiment was an oil sample from a block of the Shengli Oilfield Hekou Oil Production Plant. The initial viscosity of the crude oil at 50℃ was 21400 mPa·s.

[0096] The testing method is the same as in Test Example 1.

[0097] The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0098] Table 2. Viscosity Reduction Test Results of Oil Samples from Hekou Oilfield

[0099]

[0100] As can be seen from Table 2, when the heavy oil viscosity reducers J1-J8 of the present invention are applied to crude oil with a viscosity of 21400 mPa·s, the viscosity reduction rate reaches more than 99% when the concentration is 500 mg / L, with the highest reaching 99.4% (J8). At the same concentration, the viscosity reduction rates of commonly used viscosity reducers OP-10 and MS-1 on the market are only 90.0% and 90.7%, respectively, which are significantly lower than the present invention, averaging less than 8 percentage points.

[0101] The viscosity reducer of this invention has widely available raw materials, a simple synthesis process, is clean and pollution-free, and the product is easy to obtain, transport, and store. Furthermore, the heavy oil viscosity reducer of this invention features high activity and low concentration; it can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil by more than 99% at a concentration of 500 mg / L. Therefore, the heavy oil viscosity reducer of this invention has broad application prospects.

[0102] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a heavy oil viscosity reducer, characterized in that, The preparation method includes: firstly, under the substitution reaction conditions, in the presence of DMF, piperazine and haloalkanes undergo a reverse substitution reaction to obtain an intermediate; secondly, under the sulfonation reaction conditions, sodium chloroethyl sulfonate is added to carry out a sulfonation reaction to obtain a heavy oil viscosity reducer, wherein the haloalkanes have the structural formula shown in formula (1). RX(1) The molecular structural formula of the intermediate is as follows: The molecular structural formula of the heavy oil viscosity reducer is as follows: Where R is C8-C 22 The n-alkyl group; X is one of chlorine, bromine and iodine.

2. The method for preparing the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on 1 mole of piperazine, the amounts of the haloalkane and sodium chloroethyl sulfonate are 1.9-2.5 moles and 1.9-2.5 moles, respectively.

3. The preparation method of the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Based on 1 mole of piperazine, the amounts of the haloalkane and sodium chloroethyl sulfonate are 2-2.3 moles and 2-2.3 moles, respectively.

4. The preparation method of the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Based on 1 mole of piperazine, the amounts of the haloalkane and sodium chloroethyl sulfonate are 2-2.1 moles and 2-2.1 moles, respectively.

5. The method for preparing the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In equation (1), R is C 10 -C 18 n-alkyl groups.

6. The method for preparing the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The R is C 12 -C 16 Straight-chain alkyl groups.

7. The method for preparing the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In formula (1), X is bromine or iodine.

8. The method for preparing the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The substitution reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-65°C for 6-12 hours.

9. The method for preparing the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The substitution reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-63°C for 8-10 hours.

10. The method for preparing the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sulfonation reaction is carried out at a temperature of 105-110℃ for 24-48 hours.

11. The method for preparing the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The sulfonation reaction is carried out at a temperature of 106-109℃ for 32-40 hours.

12. The method for preparing the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of DMF to piperazine is 10-20:

1.

13. The method for preparing the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The mass ratio of DMF to piperazine is 12-15:

1.

14. A viscosity reducer for heavy oil, characterized in that, The molecular structural formula of the heavy oil viscosity reducer is as follows: Where R is C8-C 22 n-alkyl groups.

15. The heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The molecular structural formula of the heavy oil viscosity reducer is as follows: Where R is C 10 -C 18 n-alkyl groups.

16. The heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The molecular structural formula of the heavy oil viscosity reducer is as follows: Where R is C 12 -C 16 Straight-chain alkyl groups.

17. The use of the heavy oil viscosity reducer as described in any one of claims 14-16 in the development of heavy oil.

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