A laser melting device with constant focal length flying scanning

Abstract

The present invention relates to a constant focal length flying scanning laser melting device, which belongs to the technical field of laser melting equipment manufacturing. The device comprises a protective shell, a processing bed is provided inside the protective shell, first electromagnetic suspension mechanisms are provided on both sides of the processing bed, lifting mechanisms are provided at both ends of the first electromagnetic suspension mechanism, a second electromagnetic suspension mechanism is provided in the middle above the lifting mechanism, a third electromagnetic suspension mechanism is provided between the second electromagnetic suspension mechanisms, a constant focal length scanning head is provided on the side of the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism, the constant focal length scanning head comprises a scanning head housing, a magnetic barrier connecting block is provided on the side of the scanning head housing, an optical fiber connector is provided on the top of the scanning head housing, a collimating mirror is provided inside the scanning head housing, a focusing lens is provided at the bottom of the scanning head housing, and a powder spreading mechanism is provided on the side of the processing bed. The present invention as a whole has the advantages of small space occupation, large processing range, fast moving speed of the laser melting head and high processing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a constant focal length flying scanning laser melting device, belonging to the technical field of laser melting equipment manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] Metal laser melting forming equipment is a mechanical device that uses laser to melt metal powder and precisely melt and solidify the metal powder in a layer-by-layer stacking manner to eventually form metal parts with complex shapes. Because it combines the advantages of laser melting and rapid prototyping technology, it can efficiently manufacture metal parts with complex shapes without the need for traditional processing methods such as milling and milling machines. Metal laser melting forming equipment has many advantages: first, compared with traditional manufacturing processes, it can more easily manufacture metal parts with complex geometries. Second, the layer-by-layer melting method can manufacture parts with internal cavities and fine structures. In addition, the laser melting process is non-contact, which can avoid thermal stress and deformation of the substrate, thereby improving manufacturing accuracy and part quality. Most importantly, metal laser melting forming equipment can achieve rapid manufacturing and reduce production cycle and cost.

[0003] At present, common metal laser melting forming equipment usually adopts a metal melting method with variable focal length scanning. The two lenses of the galvanometer continuously reflect the laser, thereby changing the direction of the laser beam and focusing it on each scanning point on the scanning plane to complete the melting of the powder and forming. As the position of the scanning point changes, the focal length of the laser beam also changes. This method has been widely used in large and medium-sized SLM systems, but during long-term use, it has also exposed the shortcomings of variable focal length scanning, such as the inability to record the position of the galvanometer lens in real time, resulting in the need to re-zero after shutdown and restart; the operation is complicated and not conducive to teaching and training; it has high environmental requirements and generally needs to be carried out in a constant humidity and temperature factory environment, etc., and because variable focal length scanning requires a large space, it cannot be placed in small and medium-sized metal laser melting forming equipment.

[0004] Patent CN1883852A discloses a method for laser cladding and sintering of nickel-based alloy powder. In this invention, the laser is refracted by a reflector to form coaxial powder feeding with a powder feeder, and sintering is performed under computer control. The invention has the advantages of fast manufacturing speed, free forming shape, and dense structure of the formed parts. However, as an early prototype of a zoom scanning device, this invention has already shown the shortcomings of current zoom scanning devices. Although the use of a reflector to refract the laser can expand the scanning range, it also requires a larger space for the laser scanning range. The position of the reflector lens cannot be recorded in real time. After stopping and restarting, the position of the laser head and the powder feeder must be reset before processing can be performed again.

[0005] Patent CN110791753A discloses a laser cladding device and a laser melting forming method. In this invention, a workpiece is fixed by a three-jaw chuck and a mandrel. After adjusting the telescopic rod so that the position of the laser melting head corresponds to the workpiece, the three-jaw chuck is driven to rotate by a motor to increase the processing area. At the same time, the laser melting head in this invention can change its own position to facilitate changing the processing part and expanding the processing range. However, in this solution, the laser melting head needs to be driven by a gear to rotate the lead screw and then linked to the slider through a thread so that the laser melting head can move along the guide rod, and can only move in the direction of the guide rod, which limits the moving area and processing range, and the movement efficiency of the laser melting head is low.

[0006] Patent CN110791753A discloses a laser cladding device and a laser melting forming method. In this invention, a motor drives the worm and the turbine to rotate, and the two transmission gears are linked to drive the rocker arm to swing back and forth up and down, so that the protrusion follows the swing and drives the working platform to reciprocate along the guide rail, thereby increasing the processing area of ​​the laser melting head. However, in this solution, the reciprocating motion of the working platform is affected by the rocker arm, and the swing logic of the rocker arm is that the gear drives the circular shaft to move in the long hole. Therefore, the controllability is poor, which easily affects the processing accuracy, and the motion range of the working platform is small.

[0007] The metal laser melting forming equipment in the above-mentioned disclosed patents has a small processing range, low processing efficiency, and requires a larger space for laser scanning. In summary, a metal laser melting forming equipment with a small footprint, a large processing range and high processing efficiency is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In response to the defects in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a laser melting device with constant focal length flying scanning, which solves the problems that common metal laser melting forming equipment occupies a large space, has a small processing range, has a slow moving speed of the laser melting head and low processing efficiency.

[0009] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a laser melting device with constant focal length flight scanning: comprising a protective shell, a processing bed is provided inside the protective shell, a first electromagnetic suspension mechanism is provided on both sides of the processing bed, a lifting mechanism is provided at both ends of the two first electromagnetic suspension mechanisms, a second electromagnetic suspension mechanism is provided in the middle above the two lifting mechanisms, the second electromagnetic suspension mechanisms are both located directly above the first electromagnetic suspension mechanisms, a third electromagnetic suspension mechanism is provided between the two second electromagnetic suspension mechanisms, a constant focal length scanning head is provided on the side of the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism, the constant focal length scanning head includes a scanning head housing, a magnetic barrier connection block is provided on the side of the scanning head housing, the magnetic barrier connection block is connected to the scanning head housing and the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism by screws, an optical fiber connector is provided at the top of the scanning head housing, a collimating lens is provided inside the scanning head housing, the collimating lens is connected to the scanning head housing by a snap, a focusing lens is provided at the bottom of the scanning head housing, the focusing lens is connected to the scanning head housing by a snap, and a powder spreading mechanism is provided on the side of the processing bed.

[0010] Furthermore, the processing bed includes a powder spreading table, an annular fixed table is provided on the outside of the powder spreading table, an annular slide rail is fixedly provided under the annular fixed table, a table mounting plate is provided on the outside of the annular fixed table, an annular track groove is provided on the table mounting plate, the annular slide rail is embedded in the annular track groove, an annular rotating wheel is provided at the bottom of the annular fixed table, the annular rotating wheel and the annular fixed table are connected with the annular fixed table by screws, a closed circular plate is provided on the inside of the annular rotating wheel, an electric telescopic rod is provided under the closed circular plate, the closed circular plate is connected to the annular rotating wheel and the electric telescopic rod by screws, the output end of the electric telescopic rod passes through the closed circular plate, and the output end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to the powder spreading table by screws, the annular fixed table rotates on the table mounting plate through the annular slide rail and the annular track groove, and the electric telescopic rod can drive the powder spreading table to perform vertical lifting movement when performing telescopic movement.

[0011] Furthermore, a first strip mounting block is provided at both ends of the table mounting plate, and the two first strip mounting blocks are connected to the table mounting plate by screws. Two first suspension permanent magnet arrays are provided on one side of the first strip mounting block, and the first suspension permanent magnet array is connected to the first strip mounting block by screws. Pullways are provided at the four corners of the table mounting plate, and the four pulleys are connected to the table mounting plate by a rotating shaft. The table mounting plate moves horizontally through the first suspension permanent magnet array and the first electromagnetic suspension mechanism, and the pulley slides on the outside of the first magnetic barrier plate to limit the horizontal movement direction of the table mounting plate to avoid deviation.

[0012] Furthermore, the first electromagnetic suspension mechanism includes a first C-shaped mounting block, the first C-shaped mounting block is connected to the protective shell by screws, both ends of the first C-shaped mounting block are provided with a first square closing plate, the open end of the first C-shaped mounting block is provided with two first magnetic barrier plates, the two first magnetic barrier plates are connected to the first C-shaped mounting block by screws, a first fixed permanent magnet array is provided on the inside of the first C-shaped mounting block, the first fixed permanent magnet array is connected to the first C-shaped mounting block by screws, the first fixed permanent magnet array is located between the two first suspension permanent magnet arrays, and the two first A magnetic barrier plate is respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the table mounting plate, and the two first magnetic barrier plates are both located between the first C-shaped mounting block and the pulley. The first C-shaped mounting block and the first magnetic barrier plate play the role of isolating and weakening the magnetic field, thereby preventing the magnetic field from affecting the normal operation of the metal powder or other equipment structures on the powder spreading table. The first fixed permanent magnet array and the first suspended permanent magnet array form a magnetic levitation system and are controlled by the equipment host. After changing the magnetic poles of some permanent magnet arrays in the magnetic field, the first suspended permanent magnet array can drive the processing bed to move quickly to the designated processing position.

[0013] Furthermore, the second electromagnetic suspension mechanism includes a second C-shaped mounting block, both ends of the second C-shaped mounting block are provided with a second square closing plate, the open end of the second C-shaped mounting block is provided with two second magnetic barrier plates, the two second magnetic barrier plates are connected to the second C-shaped mounting block by screws, a second fixed permanent magnet array is provided on the inside of the second C-shaped mounting block, a magnetic barrier block is provided between the second fixed permanent magnet array and the second C-shaped mounting block, the magnetic barrier block is connected to the second fixed permanent magnet array and the second C-shaped mounting block by screws, and the second C-shaped mounting block is provided below the top plate and above the bottom plate. A third fixed permanent magnet array is provided, and the two third fixed permanent magnet arrays and the second C-type mounting block are connected by screws. The second C-type mounting block and the second magnetic barrier plate play the role of isolating and weakening the magnetic field, so as to prevent the magnetic field from affecting the metal powder or other equipment structures on the powder laying table and affecting the normal operation of the work. The magnetic barrier block can isolate and weaken the influence of the magnetic field from the second fixed permanent magnet array. The third fixed permanent magnet array and the second fixed permanent magnet array can provide a stronger magnetic field, so that the travel speed and braking speed of the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism are faster, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of processing.

[0014] Furthermore, an inductive laser controller is provided on the top of the second C-shaped mounting block, and the inductive laser controller is connected to the second C-shaped mounting block by screws. An inductive laser emitting bar is provided on one side of the third fixed permanent magnet array above, and an inductive laser receiving bar is provided on one side of the third fixed permanent magnet array below. Limiting connecting bars are provided on the sides of the inductive laser emitting bar and the inductive laser receiving bar. The inductive laser emitting bar, the inductive laser receiving bar and the limiting connecting bar are all connected to the second C-shaped mounting block by screws. The inductive laser emitting bar and the inductive laser receiving bar are both electrically connected to the inductive laser controller. After the inductive laser emitting bar emits laser, the inductive laser receiving bar receives laser. The laser in some areas is blocked by the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism, so that the inductive laser receiving bar cannot receive laser. The inductive laser controller judges the position of the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism based on this condition and transmits it to the device host for confirming and adjusting the position of the constant focal length scanning head.

[0015] Furthermore, the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism includes two third C-shaped mounting blocks, the two third C-shaped mounting blocks are arranged oppositely, and two second suspension permanent magnet arrays are provided between the top and bottom of the two third C-shaped mounting blocks. The two second suspension permanent magnet arrays are connected to the two third C-shaped mounting blocks by screws in a circular shape. The top and bottom of the two third C-shaped mounting blocks are both provided with a third rectangular closing plate, and the two third rectangular closing plates are both connected to the two third C-shaped mounting blocks by screws. Two long strip mounting plates are provided in the gap between the two third C-shaped mounting blocks, and a fourth fixed permanent magnet array is provided between the two long strip mounting plates. The fourth fixed permanent magnet array is connected to the two long strip mounting plates by screws. Stagnation limit blocks are provided at both ends of the fourth fixed permanent magnet array, and the two stagnation limit blocks are connected to the two long strip mounting plates by screws. A second strip mounting block is provided on the side of the stagnation limit block, and the second strip mounting block is connected to the stagnation limit block by screws. Two third suspension permanent magnet arrays are provided on one side of the second strip mounting block. The third levitation permanent magnet array is connected to the second bar-shaped mounting block by screws. The third levitation permanent magnet array is located between the second fixed permanent magnet array and the third fixed permanent magnet array. The fourth fixed permanent magnet array is located between the two third levitation permanent magnet arrays. The two third C-shaped mounting blocks, the two second levitation permanent magnet arrays, and the fourth fixed permanent magnet array form a magnetic levitation system. By changing the magnetic poles of some permanent magnet arrays within the magnetic field, the second levitation permanent magnet array can drive the constant focus scanning head to quickly move to a designated processing position. After stopping processing, the equipment host controls the third C-shaped mounting block and the second levitation permanent magnet array to stop at the stop limit blocks at both ends to prevent the constant focus scanning head from deviating due to gaps after the magnetic field disappears. The third levitation permanent magnet array cooperates with the second fixed permanent magnet array and the third fixed permanent magnet array to form a magnetic levitation system. The third levitation permanent magnet array is simultaneously affected by the magnetic fields of the second fixed permanent magnet array and the third fixed permanent magnet array, resulting in faster movement and braking.

[0016] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a fixed mounting block, which is connected to the first square closing plate by screws, a screw is fixedly provided on the top of the fixed mounting block, a limiting round block is fixedly provided on the top of the screw, a screw motor is provided on the outside of the screw, an L-shaped connecting block is provided on the side of the screw motor, the L-shaped connecting block is connected to the screw motor and the second square closing plate by screws, the screw motor moves vertically on the screw, driving the second electromagnetic suspension mechanism and the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism to lift and lower as a whole.

[0017] Furthermore, a circular connecting shell is provided at the bottom of the table mounting plate, a rotating wheel connecting port is provided on the side of the circular connecting shell, a circular rotating wheel is provided inside the circular connecting shell, and convex teeth are provided on the surface of the circular rotating wheel and the annular rotating wheel, and the circular rotating wheel and the annular rotating wheel are engaged with each other through the convex teeth. A first motor is provided under the circular connecting shell, and the first motor is connected to the circular connecting shell through a snap-fit, and the output end of the first motor passes through the circular connecting shell, and the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected to the circular rotating wheel. After the first motor drives the circular rotating wheel to rotate, the annular rotating wheel is engaged with the convex teeth to rotate together. When the annular rotating wheel rotates, it drives the connected annular fixed platform, the closed circular plate and the powder spreading platform to rotate together, thereby adding more processing directions.

[0018] Furthermore, the powder spreading mechanism includes a powder feeding square tube, a powder conveying circular tube is provided below the powder feeding square tube, the powder conveying circular tube is connected to the powder feeding square tube by a rotating shaft, a first limit mounting block is provided on the outside of the powder conveying circular tube, the powder feeding square tube is connected to the first limit mounting block by screws, the powder conveying circular tube passes through the first limit mounting block, a rotating connecting piece is provided below the first limit mounting block, a second limit mounting block is fixedly provided on the outside of the rotating connecting piece, the rotating connecting piece is passed through and connected by the powder conveying circular tube, a powder spreading mounting piece is provided below the rotating connecting piece, the powder spreading mounting piece is connected to the powder conveying circular tube by a snap buckle, a first external gear is fixed on the outside of the powder spreading mounting piece, and a second motor is passed through the inside of the first limit mounting block and the second limit mounting block. The gear train is designed to move the gears in a direction of rotation and the gears are connected to the gear train by a forward movement of the gear train, and the gears are connected to the gear train by a forward movement of the gear train. The gear train is designed to move the gears in a direction of rotation and the gears are connected to the gear train by a forward movement of the gear train. The gear train is designed to move the gears in a direction of rotation and the gears are connected to the gear train.

[0019] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0020] 1. The present invention uses a constant focal length scanning head to replace the conventional variable focal length scanning head. There is no need for a galvanometer to refract the laser. The laser is directly focused on the powder surface of the powder bed at a constant focal length through a laser focusing mirror to complete the SLM forming process of melting and heating the powder. Therefore, the volume occupied is small and can be placed in small and medium-sized equipment. At the same time, since a galvanometer is not used, there is no need to adjust the galvanometer position to zero after shutdown and restart. The laser melting head can start the reprocessing link from the current position, saving equipment adjustment time and improving production efficiency. In addition, after the galvanometer is eliminated, the demand for the production environment is reduced, and it can adapt to more production environments. The electromagnetic suspension mechanism enables the constant focal length scanning head to move quickly, thereby improving the scanning speed and avoiding reducing production efficiency.

[0021] 2. The electromagnetic suspension mechanism in the present invention adjusts the X-axis and Y-axis positions of the constant focus scanning head. Compared with other methods such as rack drive or screw drive, the electromagnetic suspension mechanism can more quickly send the constant focus scanning head to the processing point. The position of the constant focus scanning head is determined by the induction laser controller, thereby improving the accuracy of the constant focus scanning head position and improving the processing accuracy.

[0022] 3. In the present invention, a second fixed permanent magnet array and a third fixed permanent magnet array are provided inside the second electromagnetic suspension mechanism. The third fixed permanent magnet array cooperates with the second fixed permanent magnet array to provide a stronger magnetic field, thereby increasing the travel speed and braking speed of the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism, thereby improving processing efficiency and accuracy.

[0023] 4. In the present invention, the lead screw motor moves vertically on the lead screw, which can drive the second electromagnetic suspension mechanism and the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism to perform overall lifting motion, thereby further increasing the processing position and processing range, adjusting the position and distance relationship between the constant focus scanning head and the processing bed, and being able to adapt to more processing environments, thereby avoiding the influence of the external environment on the reduction of processing accuracy;

[0024] 5. In the present invention, two stop blocks are provided on the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism. After stopping processing, the third C-shaped mounting block and the second suspension permanent magnet array can be controlled by the main machine to stop at the stop blocks at both ends, thereby preventing the constant focus scanning head from deviating due to the gap caused by the disappearance of the magnetic field.

[0025] 6. The processing table of the present invention can be moved horizontally. With the constant focal length scanning head that can adjust the position over a wide range, the processing area can be greatly expanded. In addition, the powder spreading table can also be rotated by the linkage of the circular rotating wheel and the annular rotating wheel, and can be raised and lowered by the electric telescopic rod, which can realize multi-angle processing and improve processing efficiency.

[0026] 7. The powder spreading mechanism of the present invention is provided with a rotatable powder spreading plate on the outside to level the metal powder sent out from the powder outlet. At the same time, the limiting ring can prevent the metal powder from escaping from the powder spreading table, thereby reducing the pollution of the processing environment by the metal powder. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a processing bed according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the processing bed structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the first electromagnetic suspension mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the second electromagnetic suspension mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the powder spreading mechanism structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the constant focal length scanning head structure of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1-protective housing, 2-processing bed, 3-first electromagnetic suspension mechanism, 4-lifting mechanism, 5-second electromagnetic suspension mechanism, 6-third electromagnetic suspension mechanism, 7-constant focus scanning head, 8-powder spreading mechanism;

[0037] 21-powder spreading table, 22-annular fixed table, 23-annular slide rail, 24-table mounting plate, 25-annular track groove, 26-annular rotating wheel, 27-closed circular plate, 28-electric telescopic rod, 29-circular connecting shell, 31-first C-type mounting block, 32-first square closing plate, 33-first magnetic barrier plate, 34-first fixed permanent magnet array, 41-fixed mounting block, 42-screw, 43-limiting circular block, 44-screw motor, 45-L-type connecting block, 51-second C-type mounting block, 52-second square closing plate, 53-second magnetic barrier plate, 54-second fixed permanent magnet array, 55-magnetic barrier block, 56-third fixed permanent magnet array, 57-sensing laser controller, 58-sensing laser emitting bar, 59-sensing laser receiving bar, 61-third C-shaped mounting block, 62-second suspended permanent magnet array, 63-third rectangular closing plate, 64-long strip mounting plate, 65-fourth fixed permanent magnet array, 66-stagnation limit block, 67-second strip mounting block, 68-third suspended permanent magnet array, 71-scanning head housing, 72-magnetic barrier connection block, 73-fiber optic connector, 74-collimating mirror, 75-focusing lens, 81-powder feeding square tube, 82-powder feeding circular tube, 83-first limit mounting block, 84-rotating connector, 85-second limit mounting block, 86-powder spreading mounting piece, 87-second motor;

[0038] 241-first bar-shaped mounting block, 242-first suspended permanent magnet array, 243-pulley, 291-rotating wheel connection port, 292-circular rotating wheel, 293-first motor, 511-limiting connecting bar, 861-first external gear, 862-powder outlet, 863-powder spreading plate, 864-limiting ring, 871-second external gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below through specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 9As shown, a laser melting device with constant focal length flight scanning includes a protective shell 1, a processing bed 2 is provided inside the protective shell 1, a first electromagnetic suspension mechanism 3 is provided on both sides of the processing bed 2, a lifting mechanism 4 is provided at both ends of the two first electromagnetic suspension mechanisms 3, a second electromagnetic suspension mechanism 5 is provided in the middle above the two lifting mechanisms 4, the second electromagnetic suspension mechanisms 5 are both located directly above the first electromagnetic suspension mechanisms 3, a third electromagnetic suspension mechanism 6 is provided between the two second electromagnetic suspension mechanisms 5, a constant focal length scanning head 7 is provided on the side of the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism 6, the constant focal length scanning head 7 includes a scanning head housing 71, a magnetic blocking connection block 72 is provided on the side of the scanning head housing 71, the magnetic blocking connection block 72 is connected to the scanning head housing 71 and the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism 6 by screws, an optical fiber connector 73 is provided on the top of the scanning head housing 71, a collimating lens 74 is provided inside the scanning head housing 71, the collimating lens 74 is connected to the scanning head housing 71 by a snap, a focusing lens 75 is provided at the bottom of the scanning head housing 71, and the focusing lens 75 is connected to the scanning head housing 71 by a snap, and a powder spreading mechanism 8 is provided on the side of the processing bed 2.

[0042] Combine Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the processing bed 2 includes a powder spreading platform 21, an annular fixed platform 22 is provided on the outside of the powder spreading platform 21, an annular slide rail 23 is fixedly provided below the annular fixed platform 22, a table mounting plate 24 is provided on the outside of the annular fixed platform 22, an annular track groove 25 is provided on the table mounting plate 24, the annular slide rail 23 is engaged with the annular track groove 25, an annular rotating wheel 26 is provided at the bottom of the annular fixed platform 22, the annular rotating wheel 26 is connected to the annular fixed platform 22 by screws, a closed circular plate 27 is provided on the inside of the annular rotating wheel 26, an electric telescopic rod 28 is provided below the closed circular plate 27, the closed circular plate 27 is connected to the annular rotating wheel 26 and the electric telescopic rod 28 by screws, the output end of the electric telescopic rod 28 passes through the closed circular plate 27, and the output end of the electric telescopic rod 28 is connected to the powder spreading platform 21 by screws, the annular fixed platform 22 rotates on the table mounting plate 24 through the annular slide rail 23 and the annular track groove 25, and the electric telescopic rod 28 can drive the powder spreading platform 21 to perform vertical lifting movement when performing telescopic movement.

[0043] Combine Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, both ends of the table mounting plate 24 are provided with a first strip mounting block 241, and the two first strip mounting blocks 241 are connected to the table mounting plate 24 by screws. Two first suspension permanent magnet arrays 242 are provided on one side of the first strip mounting block 241, and the first suspension permanent magnet array 242 is connected to the first strip mounting block 241 by screws. Pulleys 243 are provided at the four corners of the table mounting plate 24, and the four pulleys 243 are connected to the table mounting plate 24 by rotating shafts. The table mounting plate 24 cooperates with the first electromagnetic suspension mechanism 3 to move horizontally through the first suspension permanent magnet array 242, and the pulleys 243 slide outside the first magnetic barrier plate 33 to limit the horizontal movement direction of the table mounting plate 24 to prevent deviation.

[0044] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the first electromagnetic suspension mechanism 3 includes a first C-shaped mounting block 31, the first C-shaped mounting block 31 is connected to the protective shell 1 by screws, and both ends of the first C-shaped mounting block 31 are provided with a first square closing plate 32, and the open end of the first C-shaped mounting block 31 is provided with two first magnetic blocking plates 33, and the two first magnetic blocking plates 33 are connected to the first C-shaped mounting block 31 by screws. A first fixed permanent magnet array 34 is provided on the inside of the first C-shaped mounting block 31, and the first fixed permanent magnet array 34 is connected to the first C-shaped mounting block 31 by screws. The first fixed permanent magnet array 34 is located between the two first suspension permanent magnet arrays 242, and the two first A magnetic barrier plate 33 is located on the upper and lower sides of the table mounting plate 24 respectively. The two first magnetic barrier plates 33 are both located between the first C-shaped mounting block 31 and the pulley 243. The first C-shaped mounting block 31 and the first magnetic barrier plates 33 play the role of isolating and weakening the magnetic field, thereby preventing the magnetic field from affecting the metal powder on the powder spreading table 21 or the normal operation of other equipment structures. The first fixed permanent magnet array 34 and the first suspended permanent magnet array 242 form a magnetic suspension system and are controlled by the equipment host. After changing the magnetic poles of the partial permanent magnet arrays in the magnetic field, the first suspended permanent magnet array 242 can drive the processing bed 2 to move quickly to the designated processing position.

[0045] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the second electromagnetic suspension mechanism 5 includes a second C-shaped mounting block 51, and a second square closing plate 52 is provided at both ends of the second C-shaped mounting block 51. Two second magnetic barrier plates 53 are provided at the open end of the second C-shaped mounting block 51. The two second magnetic barrier plates 53 are connected to the second C-shaped mounting block 51 by screws. A second fixed permanent magnet array 54 is provided on the inner side of the second C-shaped mounting block 51. A magnetic barrier block 55 is provided between the second fixed permanent magnet array 54 and the second C-shaped mounting block 51. The magnetic barrier block 55 is connected to the second fixed permanent magnet array 54 and the second C-shaped mounting block 51 by screws. The bottom plate of the second C-shaped mounting block 51 is provided with a second fixed permanent magnet array 54. A third fixed permanent magnet array 56 is provided on the top. The two third fixed permanent magnet arrays 56 are connected to the second C-shaped mounting block 51 by screws. The second C-shaped mounting block 51 and the second magnetic barrier plate 53 play the role of isolating and weakening the magnetic field to prevent the magnetic field from affecting the metal powder on the powder spreading table 21 or the normal operation of other equipment structures. The magnetic barrier block 55 can isolate and weaken the influence of the magnetic field from the second fixed permanent magnet array 54. The third fixed permanent magnet array 56 and the second fixed permanent magnet array 54 can cooperate to provide a stronger magnetic field, so that the travel speed and braking speed of the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism 6 are faster, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of processing;

[0046] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, a sensing laser controller 57 is provided on the top of the second C-shaped mounting block 51, and the sensing laser controller 57 is connected to the second C-shaped mounting block 51 by screws. A sensing laser emitting bar 58 is provided on one side of the upper third fixed permanent magnet array 56, and a sensing laser receiving bar 59 is provided on one side of the lower third fixed permanent magnet array 56. The sides of the sensing laser emitting bar 58 and the sensing laser receiving bar 59 are both provided with a limiting connecting bar 511. The sensing laser emitting bar 58, the sensing laser receiving bar 59 and the limiting connecting bar 511 are all connected to the second C-shaped mounting block 51 by screws. The sensing laser emitting bar 58 and the sensing laser receiving bar 59 are both electrically connected to the sensing laser controller 57. After the sensing laser emitting bar 58 emits laser, the sensing laser receiving bar 59 receives the laser. The laser in some areas is blocked by the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism 6, so that the sensing laser receiving bar 59 cannot receive the laser. The sensing laser controller 57 determines the position of the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism 6 based on this condition and transmits it to the device host for confirming and adjusting the position of the constant focus scanning head 7.

[0047] Combine Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism 6 includes two third C-shaped mounting blocks 61, the two third C-shaped mounting blocks 61 are arranged opposite to each other, two second suspension permanent magnet arrays 62 are provided between the top and bottom of the two third C-shaped mounting blocks 61, the two second suspension permanent magnet arrays 62 and the two third C-shaped mounting blocks 61 are connected to form a circular shape by screws, and the top and bottom of the two third C-shaped mounting blocks 61 are both provided with a third-shaped closing plate 63, the two third-shaped closing plates 63 and the two third C-shaped mounting blocks 61 are both connected to each other by screws, and there is a space between the two third C-shaped mounting blocks 61. Two long strip mounting plates 64 are provided at the gap, and a fourth fixed permanent magnet array 65 is provided between the two long strip mounting plates 64. The fourth fixed permanent magnet array 65 is connected to the two long strip mounting plates 64 by screws. Both ends of the fourth fixed permanent magnet array 65 are provided with a stagnation limit block 66. The two stagnation limit blocks 66 are connected to the two long strip mounting plates 64 by screws. A second strip mounting block 67 is provided on the side of the stagnation limit block 66. The second strip mounting block 67 is connected to the stagnation limit block 66 by screws. Two third suspension permanent magnets are provided on one side of the second strip mounting block 67. The third suspension permanent magnet array 68 is connected to the second bar-shaped mounting block 67 by screws. The third suspension permanent magnet array 68 is located between the second fixed permanent magnet array 54 and the third fixed permanent magnet array 56. The fourth fixed permanent magnet array 65 is located between the two third suspension permanent magnet arrays 68. The two third C-shaped mounting blocks 61, the two second suspension permanent magnet arrays 62 and the fourth fixed permanent magnet array 65 form a magnetic suspension system. After changing the magnetic poles of some permanent magnet arrays in the magnetic field, the second suspension permanent magnet array 62 can drive the constant focal length scanning head 7. The machine quickly moves to the designated processing position. After stopping processing, the main machine controls the third C-shaped mounting block 61 and the second suspension permanent magnet array 62 to stop at the stop limit blocks 66 at both ends to prevent the constant focus scanning head 7 from deviating due to the gap after the magnetic field disappears. The third suspension permanent magnet array 68 cooperates with the second fixed permanent magnet array 54 and the third fixed permanent magnet array 56 to form a magnetic suspension system. The third suspension permanent magnet array 68 is affected by the magnetic fields of the second fixed permanent magnet array 54 and the third fixed permanent magnet array 56 at the same time, making the movement and braking speed faster.

[0048] Combine Figure 2 As shown, the lifting mechanism 4 includes a fixed mounting block 41, which is connected to the first square closing plate 32 by screws. A screw rod 42 is fixed to the top of the fixed mounting block 41, and a limiting circular block 43 is fixed to the top of the screw rod 42. A screw motor 44 is provided on the outside of the screw rod 42, and an L-shaped connecting block 45 is provided on the side of the screw motor 44. The L-shaped connecting block 45 is connected to the screw motor 44 and the second square closing plate 52 by screws. The screw motor 44 moves vertically on the screw rod 42, driving the second electromagnetic suspension mechanism 5 and the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism 6 to lift and lower as a whole;

[0049] Combine Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a circular connecting shell 29 is provided at the bottom of the table mounting plate 24, a rotating wheel connecting port 291 is provided on the side of the circular connecting shell 29, a circular rotating wheel 292 is provided inside the circular connecting shell 29, and the surfaces of the circular rotating wheel 292 and the annular rotating wheel 26 are both provided with convex teeth, and the circular rotating wheel 292 is connected to the annular rotating wheel 26 through the convex teeth. A first motor 293 is provided below the circular connecting shell 29, and the first motor 293 is connected to the circular connecting shell 29 by a snap buckle. The output end of the first motor 293 passes through the circular connecting shell 29, and the output end of the first motor 293 is fixedly connected to the circular rotating wheel 292. After the first motor 293 drives the circular rotating wheel 292 to rotate, it is engaged with the annular rotating wheel 26 through the convex teeth to rotate together. When the annular rotating wheel 26 rotates, it drives the connected annular fixed platform 22, the closed circular plate 27 and the powder spreading platform 21 to rotate together, thereby adding more processing directions;

[0050] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, the powder spreading mechanism 8 includes a powder feeding square tube 81, a powder conveying circular tube 82 is provided below the powder feeding square tube 81, the powder conveying circular tube 82 is connected to the powder feeding square tube 81 through a rotating shaft, a first limit mounting block 83 is provided on the outside of the powder conveying circular tube 82, the powder feeding square tube 81 is connected to the first limit mounting block 83 by screws, the powder conveying circular tube 82 passes through the first limit mounting block 83, a rotating connector 84 is provided below the first limit mounting block 83, a second limit mounting block 85 is fixedly provided on the outside of the rotating connector 84, the rotating connector 84 is passed through and connected by the powder conveying circular tube 82, a powder spreading mounting member 86 is provided below the rotating connector 84, the powder spreading mounting member 86 is connected to the powder conveying circular tube 82 by a snap buckle, a first external gear 861 is fixed on the outside of the powder spreading mounting member 86, a second motor 87 is passed through the first limit mounting block 83 and the second limit mounting block 85, and the second motor The machine 87 is connected to the first limit mounting block 83 and the second limit mounting block 85 through a snap buckle. The second external gear 871 is fixedly provided at the output end of the second motor 87. The first external gear 861 is meshed with the second external gear 871. Powder outlets 862 are provided on both sides of the powder spreading mounting member 86. Powder spreading plates 863 are fixedly provided on the sides of the two powder outlets 862. Limiting rings 864 are fixedly provided on the outer sides of the two powder spreading plates 863. The first limit mounting block 83 and the second limit mounting block 85 are connected to external equipment. The metal powder is delivered to the powder outlet 862 through the powder feeding square tube 81 and the powder conveying circular tube 82 and transmitted to the powder spreading table 21. The second motor 87 drives the second external gear 871 and the first external gear 861 to rotate, and the powder spreading mounting member 86 and the powder spreading plate 863 rotate accordingly to flatten the metal powder. The limiting ring 864 can prevent the metal powder from leaving the powder spreading table 21.

[0051] Working Principle: Before use, the present invention feeds metal powder into the powder spreading mounting assembly through the powder feeding square tube and the powder conveying circular tube, and then discharges the powder onto the powder spreading table through the powder outlet. The second motor drives the second external gear and the first external gear to rotate, and the powder spreading mounting assembly and the powder spreading plate rotate accordingly, flattening the metal powder. The external device retracts the powder spreading mechanism to prepare for processing.

[0052] During processing, the first fixed permanent magnet array and the first suspended permanent magnet array form a magnetic suspension system and are controlled by the main unit of the equipment. After changing the magnetic poles of part of the permanent magnet array in the magnetic field, the first suspended permanent magnet array can drive the processing bed to move quickly to the designated processing position. The third fixed permanent magnet array cooperates with the second fixed permanent magnet array to provide a stronger magnetic field, so that the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism can move quickly to the processing position. The second suspended permanent magnet array and the fourth fixed permanent magnet array form a magnetic suspension system. After changing the magnetic poles of part of the permanent magnet array in the magnetic field, the second suspended permanent magnet array can drive the constant focal length scanning head to move quickly to the designated processing position. Through the collimating mirror and focusing lens, the laser is directly focused on the powder surface of the powder bed with a constant focal length to complete the SLM forming of melting and heating the powder. When the electric telescopic rod is extended and retracted, it can drive the powder spreading table to move vertically up and down. The first motor drives the circular rotating wheel to rotate, and then the annular rotating wheel is linked to rotate together through the convex teeth. When the annular rotating wheel rotates, it drives the connected annular fixed table, the closed circular plate and the powder spreading table to rotate together.

[0053] When the processing stops, the main machine of the equipment controls the third C-shaped mounting block and the second suspension permanent magnet array to stop at the stagnation limit blocks at both ends.

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can make various changes and improvements to the present invention in form and details, and these are all considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser melting device with constant focal length flying scanning, comprising a protective housing (1), characterized in that: A processing bed (2) is provided inside the protective shell (1), and first electromagnetic suspension mechanisms (3) are provided on both sides of the processing bed (2), and lifting mechanisms (4) are provided at both ends of the two first electromagnetic suspension mechanisms (3), and a second electromagnetic suspension mechanism (5) is provided in the middle above the two lifting mechanisms (4), and the second electromagnetic suspension mechanisms (5) are both located directly above the first electromagnetic suspension mechanisms (3), and a third electromagnetic suspension mechanism (6) is provided between the two second electromagnetic suspension mechanisms (5), and a constant focus scanning head (7) is provided on the side of the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism (6), and the constant focus scanning head (7) includes a scanning head shell (71), and the A magnetic barrier connection block (72) is provided on the side of the scanning head housing (71), and the magnetic barrier connection block (72) is connected to the scanning head housing (71) and the third electromagnetic suspension mechanism (6) by screws. An optical fiber connector (73) is provided on the top of the scanning head housing (71), and a collimating mirror (74) is provided inside the scanning head housing (71), and the collimating mirror (74) is connected to the scanning head housing (71) by a buckle. A focusing lens (75) is provided at the bottom of the scanning head housing (71), and the focusing lens (75) is connected to the scanning head housing (71) by a buckle. A powder spreading mechanism (8) is provided on the side of the processing bed (2); The processing bed (2) includes a powder spreading table (21), an annular fixed table (22) is provided on the outside of the powder spreading table (21), an annular slide rail (23) is fixedly provided below the annular fixed table (22), a table top mounting plate (24) is provided on the outside of the annular fixed table (22), an annular track groove (25) is provided on the table top mounting plate (24), the annular slide rail (23) is engaged with the annular track groove (25), an annular rotating wheel (26) is provided at the bottom of the annular fixed table (22), and the annular rotating wheel (26) is provided at the bottom of the annular fixed table (22). The wheel (26) is connected to the annular fixed platform (22) by screws, a closed circular plate (27) is provided on the inner side of the annular rotating wheel (26), an electric telescopic rod (28) is provided below the closed circular plate (27), the closed circular plate (27) is connected to the annular rotating wheel (26) and the electric telescopic rod (28) by screws, the output end of the electric telescopic rod (28) passes through the closed circular plate (27), and the output end of the electric telescopic rod (28) is connected to the powder spreading platform (21) by screws.

2. The constant focal length flying scanning laser melting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the table top mounting plate (24) are provided with a first strip mounting block (241), and the two first strip mounting blocks (241) are connected to the table top mounting plate (24) by screws. Two first suspension permanent magnet arrays (242) are provided on one side of the first strip mounting block (241), and the first suspension permanent magnet array (242) is connected to the first strip mounting block (241) by screws. Pulleys (243) are provided at the four corners of the table top mounting plate (24), and the four pulleys (243) are connected to the table top mounting plate (24) by rotating shafts.

3. The constant focal length flying scanning laser melting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first electromagnetic suspension mechanism (3) includes a first C-shaped mounting block (31), the first C-shaped mounting block (31) is connected to the protective shell (1) by screws, both ends of the first C-shaped mounting block (31) are provided with a first square closing plate (32), the open end of the first C-shaped mounting block (31) is provided with two first magnetic barrier plates (33), the two first magnetic barrier plates (33) are connected to the first C-shaped mounting block (31) by screws, a first fixed permanent magnet array (34) is provided on the inner side of the first C-shaped mounting block (31), the first fixed permanent magnet array (34) is connected to the first C-shaped mounting block (31) by screws, the first fixed permanent magnet array (34) is located between the two first suspension permanent magnet arrays (242), the two first magnetic barrier plates (33) are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the table mounting plate (24), and the two first magnetic barrier plates (33) are both located between the first C-shaped mounting block (31) and the pulley (243).

4. The constant focal length flying scanning laser melting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second electromagnetic suspension mechanism (5) comprises a second C-shaped mounting block (51), both ends of the second C-shaped mounting block (51) are provided with second square closing plates (52), the open end of the second C-shaped mounting block (51) is provided with two second magnetic barrier plates (53), the two second magnetic barrier plates (53) and the second C-shaped mounting block (51) are connected by screws, a second fixed permanent magnet array (54) is provided on the inner side of the second C-shaped mounting block (51), a magnetic barrier block (55) is provided between the second fixed permanent magnet array (54) and the second C-shaped mounting block (51), the magnetic barrier block (55) and the second fixed permanent magnet array (54) and the second C-shaped mounting block (51) are all connected by screws, a third fixed permanent magnet array (56) is provided below the top plate and above the bottom plate of the second C-shaped mounting block (51), and the two third fixed permanent magnet arrays (56) and the second C-shaped mounting block (51) are all connected by screws.

5. The constant focal length flying scanning laser melting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sensing laser controller (57) is provided on the top of the second C-shaped mounting block (51), and the sensing laser controller (57) is connected to the second C-shaped mounting block (51) by screws. A sensing laser emitting bar (58) is provided on one side of the third fixed permanent magnet array (56) above, and a sensing laser receiving bar (59) is provided on one side of the third fixed permanent magnet array (56) below. The sides of the sensing laser emitting bar (58) and the sensing laser receiving bar (59) are both provided with a limiting connecting bar (511). The sensing laser emitting bar (58), the sensing laser receiving bar (59) and the limiting connecting bar (511) are all connected to the second C-shaped mounting block (51) by screws. The sensing laser emitting bar (58) and the sensing laser receiving bar (59) are both electrically connected to the sensing laser controller (57).

6. The constant focal length flying scanning laser melting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The third electromagnetic suspension mechanism (6) includes two third C-shaped mounting blocks (61), the two third C-shaped mounting blocks (61) are arranged opposite to each other, two second suspension permanent magnet arrays (62) are provided between the top and bottom of the two third C-shaped mounting blocks (61), the two second suspension permanent magnet arrays (62) and the two third C-shaped mounting blocks (61) are connected to each other by screws in a circular shape, the top and bottom of the two third C-shaped mounting blocks (61) are both provided with a third rectangular closing plate (63), the two third rectangular closing plates (63) and the two third C-shaped mounting blocks (61) are both connected by screws, two long strip mounting plates (64) are provided in the middle of the two third C-shaped mounting blocks (61), a fourth fixed permanent magnet array (65) is provided between the two long strip mounting plates (64), the fourth fixed permanent magnet array (65) and the two long strip mounting plates (64) are connected to each other by screws, and the third fixed permanent magnet array (65) and the two long strip mounting plates (64) are connected to each other by screws. The strip mounting plate (64) is connected by screws, and both ends of the fourth fixed permanent magnet array (65) are provided with a stagnation limit block (66), and the two stagnation limit blocks (66) are connected to the two long strip mounting plates (64) by screws. A second strip mounting block (67) is provided on the side of the stagnation limit block (66), and the second strip mounting block (67) is connected to the stagnation limit block (66) by screws. Two third suspension permanent magnet arrays (68) are provided on one side of the second strip mounting block (67), and the third suspension permanent magnet array (68) is connected to the second strip mounting block (67) by screws. The third suspension permanent magnet array (68) is located between the second fixed permanent magnet array (54) and the third fixed permanent magnet array (56), and the fourth fixed permanent magnet array (65) is located between the two third suspension permanent magnet arrays (68).

7. The constant focal length flying scanning laser melting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (4) includes a fixed mounting block (41), the fixed mounting block (41) is connected to the first square closing plate (32) by screws, a screw rod (42) is fixed on the top of the fixed mounting block (41), a limiting round block (43) is fixed on the top of the screw rod (42), a screw motor (44) is provided on the outside of the screw rod (42), an L-shaped connecting block (45) is provided on the side of the screw motor (44), and the L-shaped connecting block (45) is connected to the screw motor (44) and the second square closing plate (52) by screws.

8. The constant focal length flying scanning laser melting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A circular connecting shell (29) is provided at the bottom of the table mounting plate (24), a rotating wheel connecting port (291) is provided on the side of the circular connecting shell (29), a circular rotating wheel (292) is provided inside the circular connecting shell (29), and both the circular rotating wheel (292) and the annular rotating wheel (26) are provided with convex teeth on their surfaces, and the circular rotating wheel (292) and the annular rotating wheel (26) are engaged with each other through the convex teeth. A first motor (293) is provided below the circular connecting shell (29), and the first motor (293) is connected to the circular connecting shell (29) through a snap-fit ​​connection, and an output end of the first motor (293) passes through the circular connecting shell (29), and an output end of the first motor (293) is fixedly connected to the circular rotating wheel (292).

9. The constant focal length flying scanning laser melting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder spreading mechanism (8) includes a powder feeding square tube (81), a powder conveying circular tube (82) is provided below the powder feeding square tube (81), the powder conveying circular tube (82) and the powder feeding square tube (81) are connected through a rotating shaft, a first limit mounting block (83) is provided on the outside of the powder conveying circular tube (82), the powder feeding square tube (81) and the first limit mounting block (83) are connected through screws, the powder conveying circular tube (82) passes through the first limit mounting block (83), a rotating connector (84) is provided below the first limit mounting block (83), a second limit mounting block (85) is fixedly provided on the outside of the rotating connector (84), the rotating connector (84) is passed through and connected by the powder conveying circular tube (82), a powder spreading mounting member (86) is provided below the rotating connector (84), and the powder spreading mounting member (86) and the powder conveying circular tube (82) are fastened by a buckle. The first outer gear (861) is fixedly provided on the outer side of the powder-spreading mounting member (86), a second motor (87) is provided inside the first limiting mounting block (83) and the second limiting mounting block (85), the second motor (87) is connected to the first limiting mounting block (83) and the second limiting mounting block (85) by a snap-fit, a second outer gear (871) is fixedly provided on the output end of the second motor (87), the first outer gear (861) is meshed with the second outer gear (871), both sides of the powder-spreading mounting member (86) are provided with powder outlets (862), the sides of the two powder outlets (862) are fixedly provided with powder-spreading plates (863), and the outer sides of the two powder-spreading plates (863) are fixedly provided with limiting rings (864), and the first limiting mounting block (83) and the second limiting mounting block (85) are connected to external equipment.

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