A low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device with coordinated working mode and fault-tolerant structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device with a coordinated operating mode and fault-tolerant structure. An axial hybrid magnetic bearing, a flywheel, a shell repulsive permanent magnet, a radial and torsional hybrid magnetic bearing, a motor, and a Halbach array permanent magnet are coaxially arranged from top to bottom within the shell cavity. The axial hybrid magnetic bearing comprises an axial auxiliary permanent magnet, an auxiliary magnetic isolation aluminum ring, inner and outer magnetic isolation aluminum rings, an axial permanent magnet, an axial upper stator, an axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring, an axial receiver, and an axial control coil. The flywheel utilizes a nearly constant stress surface modified disc structure. The shell repulsive permanent magnet is embedded in the center of the shell. The radial and torsional hybrid magnetic bearing comprises radial and torsional magnetic bearings, which are composed, from top to bottom, of a sunken torsional upper stator, a torsional permanent magnet, and a torsional lower stator. The motor is embedded in the bottom of the flywheel, and the Halbach array permanent magnet is fixed to the lower end cap. This invention surpasses existing designs in terms of safety, stability, energy storage performance, and system losses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of flywheel battery energy storage, and in particular relates to a low-energy consumption magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage device with a coordinated working mode and a fault-tolerant structure. Background Art

[0002] The magnetic levitation flywheel battery is a novel mechatronic energy conversion and storage device. Its operating principle is to convert excess electrical energy or other forms of energy into the kinetic energy of the flywheel rotor's high-speed rotation when energy is redundant and then stored. When energy is needed, the rotor's kinetic energy is first converted into electrical energy and then released into other forms of energy. Currently, magnetic levitation flywheel batteries face bottlenecks in their practical application and widespread adoption. Their relatively high cost may limit their widespread adoption. First, traditional magnetic levitation flywheel batteries, consisting of a single metal flywheel, have lower energy density than those made of composite materials. Second, the currently used control strategy for automotive flywheel battery systems requires that almost all magnetic bearings be controlled simultaneously. However, in some simple environments, precise control of the system can be achieved with only a portion of the control coils operating. Consequently, current control strategies result in unnecessary high losses in the control coils. Furthermore, the noise reduction and heat dissipation of magnetic levitation flywheel batteries require improvement. Finally, while magnetic levitation flywheel batteries perform well in certain specific application scenarios, their safety, stability, and fault tolerance still require improvement. Specific issues are as follows:

[0003] Safety and stability: The stability of the magnetic levitation flywheel battery system directly affects the operating quality of the entire flywheel battery system. The stability of the flywheel rotor system is mainly affected by modal self-excited vibration and forced response vibration. Based on these two types of instability factors, the stability of the flywheel battery system in existing technologies can be improved through key technologies related to stable system operation, such as topology, dynamic modeling, control strategy, and auxiliary protection. In addition, the stability of the flywheel battery system is also related to factors such as the reasonable ratio of system materials, the fault tolerance of auxiliary control, and the high reliability of backup bearings.

[0004] Low energy consumption and coordinated operation: The loss of a magnetic levitation flywheel battery is primarily due to standby losses, the majority of which are generated by the magnetic bearings. Therefore, reducing losses in the magnetic bearings is crucial. The currently used control strategy for on-board flywheel battery systems requires that almost all magnetic bearings be controlled simultaneously, resulting in high unnecessary losses in the control coils. However, when the flywheel is exposed to significant external disturbances, all magnetic bearings must be operating to maintain efficient and stable system operation.

[0005] To meet the requirements of high integration, existing "shaftless" magnetic levitation flywheel battery system topologies are trending towards flatter structures. However, flat, ultra-thin topologies that can withstand higher rotational speeds can lead to severe gyroscopic effects. During operation, the gyroscopic effect can affect the stability of the system, so most existing magnetic levitation flywheel batteries use control methods such as PID and LQ to suppress the gyroscopic effect. However, achieving high-precision control of the gyroscopic effect during high-speed operation is extremely difficult.

[0006] Fault tolerance: Existing research on fault diagnosis methods for magnetic bearings primarily focuses on correcting external sensor or controller failures when the magnetic bearing coils are operating normally. However, the magnetic bearing coils provide the necessary electromagnetic force for proper rotor levitation. If a control coil in a phase fails—for example, if the current or voltage in the control coil exceeds the normal range, if the coil is damaged due to external overload, or if there is poor contact between the control coil and the stator poles—the control coil itself can malfunction. This can cause the entire magnetic bearing system to malfunction, affecting proper rotor levitation and resulting in serious consequences.

[0007] Energy storage performance: The most traditional approach to improving the energy storage of magnetically levitated flywheel batteries is to modify the flywheel's material. Currently, flywheels that utilize both metal and composite materials typically incorporate the composite material as the outer hub and the metal material within, using the composite material to enhance safety. However, this significantly impacts the flywheel's magnetic field. Furthermore, the hoop stress in the composite rim exceeds the maximum tensile strength of the fiber layer. Fragmentation of some fibers can lead to internal defects within the rim, ultimately destroying the entire flywheel rotor.

[0008] Noise reduction: The noise of magnetic levitation flywheel batteries primarily comes from the operation of their internal motors. In practical applications, the vibration and noise of motors not only affect their operating efficiency and lifespan, but also have a certain impact on the surrounding environment and personnel. However, existing magnetic levitation flywheel batteries rarely consider noise reduction of the overall structure.

[0009] Heat dissipation: The heat dissipation technology of magnetic levitation flywheel batteries mainly involves the high-speed rotation of the flywheel, which generates a large amount of heat. If the heat cannot be effectively dissipated, it will affect the life of the flywheel and the stability of the system. Existing methods for heat dissipation of magnetic levitation flywheel batteries are to install heat sinks on the flywheel or use air cooling or water cooling equipment to dissipate heat. However, these methods make the overall structure of the flywheel battery complicated and require high installation requirements, which will affect the stability of the system. At the same time, it will increase the cost of the flywheel battery. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device with a coordinated working mode and a fault-tolerant structure, which solves the problems of low energy storage performance, large system loss, limited flywheel life, certain safety hazards in actual work, and high cost in the existing technology.

[0011] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0012] A low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device with a coordinated working mode and a fault-tolerant structure comprises: an axial hybrid magnetic bearing coaxially distributed from top to bottom in a housing cavity, a flywheel, a housing repulsive permanent magnet, radial and torsional hybrid magnetic bearings, a motor, and a Halbach array permanent magnet;

[0013] The axial hybrid magnetic bearing includes an axial auxiliary permanent magnet, an auxiliary magnetic isolation aluminum ring, an inner magnetic isolation aluminum ring, an axial permanent magnet, an outer magnetic isolation aluminum ring, an axial stator, an axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring, an axial receiver and an axial control coil; the axial auxiliary permanent magnet, the auxiliary magnetic isolation aluminum ring, the inner magnetic isolation aluminum ring, the axial permanent magnet and the outer magnetic isolation aluminum ring are tightly fitted together from the inside to the outside, and then embedded in the groove of the inner ring of the lower part of the axial stator, the outer side of the axial stator is fitted with the axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring, and the axial stator and the axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring are coaxially fixed to the lower surface of the upper end cover; the axial receiver is located below the axial auxiliary permanent magnet, and the axial control coil is located in the groove of the outer ring of the axial stator; the N and S poles of the axial permanent magnet and the axial auxiliary permanent magnet are staggered;

[0014] The flywheel adopts an approximately equal stress surface modified disc structure, and the outer cylindrical surface is filled with magnetic powder;

[0015] The shell repulsive permanent magnet is embedded in the middle of the cylindrical shell;

[0016] The radial and torsional hybrid magnetic bearing includes a radial magnetic bearing and a torsional magnetic bearing. The torsional magnetic bearing is composed of a sunken torsional upper stator, a torsional permanent magnet and a torsional lower stator from top to bottom, and the lower bottom edge of the torsional lower stator is fixed to the lower end cover. The sunken torsional upper stator adopts a sunken magnetic pole, and the sunken magnetic pole is axially wound with a torsional coil. The torsional lower stator adopts an inclined magnetic pole, that is, a third inclined magnetic pole, and the third inclined magnetic pole is circumferentially wound with a control coil.

[0017] The motor is embedded in the bottom of the flywheel, and when the motor is powered on, it drives the flywheel to rotate;

[0018] The Halbach array permanent magnet is fixed on the lower end cover and is composed of an upper layer of Halbach array permanent magnet and a lower layer of Halbach array permanent magnet stacked together, and the magnetic pole distributions of the two layers are different.

[0019] Furthermore, the radial magnetic bearing consists of a radial upper stator, a radial permanent magnet, and a radial lower stator from top to bottom; the radial upper stator is coaxially arranged with the axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring and fixed on the lower surface of the upper end cover, and the side of the radial lower stator is fixed on the cylindrical shell; both the radial upper stator and the radial lower stator adopt inclined magnetic poles, namely a first inclined magnetic pole and a second inclined magnetic pole, the first inclined magnetic pole is wound with a first radial control coil along the circumferential direction, and the second inclined magnetic pole is wound with a second radial control coil along the circumferential direction.

[0020] Furthermore, the number of the radial upper stator, radial permanent magnet, radial lower stator, first inclined magnetic pole, second inclined magnetic pole, sunken twisted upper stator, twisted permanent magnet, twisted lower stator, sunken magnetic pole and third inclined magnetic pole is a multiple of 6.

[0021] Furthermore, the radial permanent magnet and the torsional permanent magnet are both fan-shaped and magnetized along the positive axial direction, with the N pole at the top and the S pole at the bottom.

[0022] Furthermore, the radial upper stator and the sunken torsional upper stator are magnetic bearings utilizing Lorentz magnetic force, and the radial lower stator and the torsional lower stator are magnetic bearings utilizing Maxwell force.

[0023] Furthermore, the axial permanent magnet is magnetized along the positive axial direction, with an N pole at the top and an S pole at the bottom; the axial auxiliary permanent magnet is magnetized along the negative axial direction, with an N pole at the bottom and an S pole at the top.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes an energy absorbing device, which includes an upper cover of the energy absorbing device, an energy absorbing body, a spring and a lower cover of the energy absorbing device, and the lower cover of the energy absorbing device is embedded in the protruding upper part of the lower end cover; the energy absorbing body is a solid cylinder, and the spring is wound around the energy absorbing body and fixed between the upper cover of the energy absorbing device and the lower cover of the energy absorbing device.

[0025] Furthermore, the shell cavity is composed of a cylindrical shell and an upper end cover and a lower end cover; the outermost circle of the upper end cover has a hole; two groups of heat dissipation holes are symmetrically distributed around the cylindrical shell with the shell repulsive permanent magnet as the axial plane, and the heat dissipation holes are perpendicular to the heat source; a circular protrusion is set at the center position of the lower bottom surface of the lower end cover, and multiple lower end cover protrusions are evenly distributed with the circular protrusion as the center, and an elliptical heat dissipation hole is opened between two adjacent lower end cover protrusions.

[0026] Furthermore, the interior of the cylindrical shell is hollow and is filled with several different sound insulation materials along the radial direction.

[0027] Furthermore, the flywheel is divided into two parts: an inner composite flywheel and an outer metal flywheel, and the outer metal flywheel wraps the inner composite flywheel.

[0028] Beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention innovatively and cleverly utilizes the gyroscopic effect to achieve self-balancing, and proposes a magnetic bearing fault-tolerant structure that can coordinate work from single degree of freedom to five degrees of freedom, thereby improving the safety of the system, reducing system losses, and optimizing the system's energy storage performance, energy loss, safety and stability, noise, heat dissipation, and other aspects.

[0030] 2. In terms of the overall magnetic bearing structure topology, the present invention can coordinate the use of control coils to combine multiple working modes, achieving control from single degree of freedom to five degrees of freedom, so as to target control under different working conditions. At the same time, the radial magnetic bearing and torsional magnetic bearing of the present invention are a hybrid magnetic bearing of Maxwell force and Lorentz force, which combines the advantages of Maxwell magnetic force and Lorentz force. It can generate a magnetic field through electromagnetic force to support rotating equipment, and can also reduce the air gap magnetic density through Maxwell magnetic force, thereby improving the stability and precision of the bearing. At the same time, since the hybrid magnetic bearing contains Maxwell force and Lorentz force, the Maxwell force coil can be operated under simple working conditions, reducing the magnetic bearing loss generated by the remaining control coils; and under complex working conditions, the hybrid operation can achieve high-precision control.

[0031] 3. In terms of fault tolerance, the redundant structure of the present invention utilizes the principle of "equivalent magnetic flux" to achieve fault tolerance. The six first inclined magnetic poles 64 provide electromagnetic forces in the three positive coordinate directions of the X, Y, and Z axes within the stator radial plane, thereby controlling rotor levitation. When a magnetic pole circuit fails, the fault tolerance method based on the principle of "equivalent magnetic flux" can redistribute the stator pole current and utilize the coupling magnetic flux generated by other normal magnetic poles to ensure that the magnetic flux at the six magnetic pole end faces remains unchanged before and after the failure, thereby maintaining the magnetic bearing force applied to the flywheel unchanged.

[0032] 4. In terms of torsion control, the present invention enables multi-mode control, further reducing energy loss. When the torsion bias is extremely small, the bias flux of the permanent magnet achieves self-balancing without power. When the torsion bias is small, the torsion coils of the sunken torsion upper stator are inoperative, and torsion control is achieved by the control coils of the torsion lower stator and radial control. When the torsion bias exceeds a threshold, the torsion coils are energized. Multi-mode control allows the most appropriate control algorithm to be selected in real time based on the actual operating status of the system, improving control accuracy and enhancing system stability.

[0033] 5. In terms of self-balancing, the present invention effectively utilizes the gyroscopic effect of the high-speed rotating flywheel instead of the traditional magnetic bearing to suppress the flywheel's gyroscopic effect. This not only makes the control of the flywheel simple but also enables the flywheel to achieve self-balancing and reduce energy consumption. In the magnetic bearing energy storage system, the utilization of the gyroscopic effect is mainly for the flywheel. When the flywheel starts to rotate, if there is an external force disturbance acting on the flywheel, trying to change the torque of the flywheel, the flywheel's rotation axis will generate a force to resist this torque to keep its own direction unchanged. This effect of resisting torque is called gyroscopic stabilization, and the faster the object rotates, the better the gyroscopic stabilization effect. Therefore, its application to high-speed rotating magnetic bearing flywheels can effectively save energy, achieve self-balancing of the flywheel, add fault tolerance to the magnetic bearing flywheel and enhance safety.

[0034] 6. Regarding the flywheel structure, the present invention utilizes a modified disc structure with a near-constant stress surface, resulting in a uniform stress distribution. The near-constant stress surface reduces radial stress generated during the flywheel's rotation, thereby reducing vibration. This results in a flywheel with greater strength and rigidity, enabling it to withstand greater loads and rotational speeds. This improves the flywheel's energy storage density and power density. To further enhance the flywheel's energy storage efficiency while ensuring safety, the present invention utilizes a relatively inexpensive composite material that is easy to manufacture, further reducing manufacturing costs.

[0035] 7. The present invention employs tilted and sunken magnetic poles, overcoming the drawbacks of traditional double-layer stator magnetic poles wound with multiple coils, resulting in insufficient space, poor heat dissipation, severe mutual inductance of parallel coils, and reduced control accuracy. This also ensures a uniform distribution of the air gap. This uniform distribution of the air gap can reduce the magnetic resistance within the flywheel, thereby reducing energy loss, improving the flywheel's energy storage efficiency, and enhancing energy recovery efficiency. Regarding the number of magnetic poles in the magnetic bearing stator, while a greater number of poles results in a more stable magnetic field generated during use, lower losses, and improved heat dissipation capacity, a larger number of poles, however, increases the size of the radial magnetic bearing, making it more difficult to manufacture and complicating electromagnetic coupling. Therefore, an appropriate number of poles can reduce magnetic coupling, enabling the radial magnetic bearing to achieve better electrical performance, power consumption, and reliability during manufacturing and use. The electromagnetic force of a traditional three-pole radial magnetic bearing lacks directional redundancy. Therefore, when a fault occurs in the drive circuit of one pole, fault tolerance cannot be achieved using the remaining poles. Therefore, the number of magnetic poles of the magnetic bearing of the present invention is 6, which can ensure that the electromagnetic coupling is minimized while achieving fault tolerance.

[0036] 8. Regarding low energy consumption, the present invention fills the outer circumference of the flywheel with magnetic powder and utilizes repulsive permanent magnets embedded in the outer shell to achieve radial offset control. During the flywheel magnetization process, the inner surface of the flywheel is magnetized, imparting magnetic properties. This generates a magnetic field, with magnetic lines of force passing through the inner surface and extending toward the outer surface. When two objects with opposite magnetic properties approach, the repulsive forces between them cancel each other out, achieving radial balance. This balancing method effectively reduces the impact of radial forces on the bearing, thereby improving bearing life and reliability. Furthermore, by adjusting the intensity and distribution of the magnetic field, the radial balance effect can be flexibly controlled to meet different application requirements. Furthermore, an axially stacked Halbach array of permanent magnets is embedded in the center of the lower end cap. The inner and outer rings each consist of three identical ring-shaped permanent magnets, while the upper and lower parts are identical. When the rotor approaches the Halbach array, the magnetic field generates an axial force perpendicular to the rotor axis, effectively supporting the rotor and preventing axial movement or offset. These passive controls significantly reduce the force required by the control coil.

[0037] 9. To further ensure system safety and enhance the flywheel's noise reduction, the cylindrical shell of the present invention is radially filled with different sound-insulating and sound-absorbing materials. This utilizes the principle of impedance gradient matching, employing multiple layers of different specific materials for sound absorption. Different sound-insulating and sound-absorbing materials have varying densities and porosities, effectively absorbing noise of varying frequencies and thus improving the overall noise reduction performance of the structure. Furthermore, the inner and outer layers of the shell are constructed of steel, ensuring the shell's stability and safety. Furthermore, the uniform distribution of air gaps helps maintain a stable magnetic field within the flywheel battery and reduces vibration and noise generated by the flywheel's rotation.

[0038] 10. To reduce the energy generated by the flywheel in the event of a malfunction, the present invention incorporates an energy-absorbing device on the lower end cap. This device consists of four components: an upper energy-absorbing plate cover, a lower energy-absorbing plate cover, an energy-absorbing body, and a spring. The energy-absorbing body absorbs the energy generated by the collision through plastic deformation. Furthermore, the energy-absorbing body can also absorb energy through fracture and tearing. When the material is subjected to external loads, microscopic defects and interfaces rupture, dissipating energy.

[0039] 11. To address the shortcoming of the flywheel energy storage system generating a large amount of heat during operation, the present invention designs two types of heat dissipation holes on the outer shell. One is an array of heat dissipation holes evenly distributed on the outer shell, and the other is elliptical heat dissipation holes distributed along the circumference on the lower end cover. These heat dissipation holes greatly increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the entire system. At the same time, the heat dissipation holes are perpendicular to the heat source, so the air can more easily contact the heat source in the flow direction, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1This is a front cross-sectional view of the low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of the structure of the flywheel of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is an enlarged view of the static part structure of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of achieving axial single-degree-of-freedom balance control when the low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device of the present invention is in operation;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of achieving radial two-degree-of-freedom static balance control when the low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device of the present invention is in operation;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of achieving radial two-degree-of-freedom dynamic balance control when the low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device of the present invention is in operation;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of achieving torsional two-degree-of-freedom static balance control when the low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device of the present invention is in operation;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of achieving torsional two-degree-of-freedom dynamic balance control during operation of the low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10 This is an enlarged view of the structure of the Halbach array permanent magnet used in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 11 This is an enlarged view of the overall structure of the energy absorbing device of the present invention;

[0051] In the figure: 1. Upper end cover; 21. Cylindrical shell; 22. Heat dissipation hole; 23. Shell repulsive permanent magnet; 31. Lower end cover; 32. Elliptical heat dissipation hole; 33. Lower end cover protrusion; 34. Circular protrusion; 41. Axial stator; 42. Axial coil; 43. Axial permanent magnet; 44. Axial auxiliary permanent magnet; 45. Axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring; 46. Axial receiver; 47. Auxiliary magnetic isolation aluminum ring; 48. Inner magnetic isolation aluminum ring; 49. Outer magnetic isolation aluminum ring; 5. Flywheel; 51. Internal composite flywheel; 52. External metal flywheel; 61. Radial upper stator; 62. Radial permanent magnet; 63. Radial lower stator; 64. First inclined magnetic pole; 641. Inclined magnetic pole A; 642. Inclined magnetic pole B; 643. Inclined magnetic pole C; 65. First radial control Control coil; 66. Second inclined magnetic pole; 67. Second radial control coil; 71. Sunken torsional upper stator; 72. Twisted permanent magnet; 73. Twisted lower stator; 74. Sunken magnetic pole; 741. Sunken torsional upper stator magnetic pole A; 742. Sunken torsional upper stator magnetic pole B; 743. Sunken torsional upper stator magnetic pole C; 75. Third inclined magnetic pole; 76. Twisted coil; 77. Control coil; 8. Motor; 9. Halbach array permanent magnet; 91. Upper Halbach array permanent magnet; 92. Lower Halbach array permanent magnet; 911. Inner ring Halbach array permanent magnet; 912. Outer ring Halbach array permanent magnet; 10. Energy absorption device; 101. Upper cover of energy absorption device; 102. Energy absorber; 103. Spring; 104. Lower cover of energy absorption device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0053] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the outermost portion of the low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device of the present invention comprises a cylindrical housing 21. The upper end of this housing 21 is tightly secured to the upper end cap 1. A housing repulsive permanent magnet 23 is embedded in the center of this housing, and the lower end is tightly secured to the lower end cap 31. These components form the housing cavity. The interior of this housing 21 is hollow, with both the inner and outer layers constructed of steel. Several different sound-insulating materials are radially filled between these layers to absorb the noise generated by the flywheel's high-speed rotation.

[0054] The upper end cover 1 is in the shape of an elliptical curved disk with a hole in the outermost circle.

[0055] Two groups of heat dissipation holes 22 are distributed symmetrically around the cylindrical shell 21 with the shell repulsive permanent magnet 23 as the axial plane to dissipate heat of the entire structure. The two groups of heat dissipation holes 22 are array-type circular holes evenly distributed along the radial circumference, and the heat dissipation holes 22 are perpendicular to the heat source (i.e., the flywheel 5 and the motor 8).

[0056] A circular protrusion 34 is provided at the center of the lower bottom surface of the lower end cover 31, and multiple lower end cover protrusions 33 are evenly distributed around the circular protrusion 34 to maintain overall balance; an elliptical heat dissipation hole 32 is provided between two adjacent lower end cover protrusions 33, which is used for heat dissipation of the overall structure on the one hand, and for routing of each winding on the other hand.

[0057] Distributed coaxially from top to bottom within the housing cavity are an axial hybrid magnetic bearing, a flywheel 5, a housing repulsive permanent magnet 23, a radial and torsional hybrid magnetic bearing, a motor 8, an energy absorption device 10, and a Halbach array permanent magnet 9. The axial hybrid magnetic bearing and the radial and torsional hybrid magnetic bearing constitute a five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing.

[0058] The outer cylindrical surface of the flywheel 5 is filled with magnetic powder, generating a magnetic field. When two magnetic fields in opposite directions approach, they produce a mutually canceling repulsive force. Therefore, radial self-balancing is achieved by the repulsive force between the magnetic field of the cylindrical surface and the magnetic field generated by the repulsive permanent magnet 23 in the outer shell.

[0059] See also Figure 5 The axial hybrid magnetic bearing includes an axial auxiliary permanent magnet 44, an auxiliary magnetic isolation aluminum ring 47, an inner magnetic isolation aluminum ring 48, an axial permanent magnet 43, an outer magnetic isolation aluminum ring 49, an axial stator 41, an axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring 45, an axial receiver 46 and an axial control coil 42. The axial auxiliary permanent magnet 44, the auxiliary magnetic isolation aluminum ring 47, the inner magnetic isolation aluminum ring 48, the axial permanent magnet 43 and the outer magnetic isolation aluminum ring 49 are tightly fitted together from the inside to the outside and then embedded in the inner ring groove of the lower part of the axial stator 41. The outer side of the axial stator 41 is fitted with the axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring 45. The axial stator 41 and the axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring 45 are coaxially fixed on the lower surface of the upper end cover 1; the axial receiver 46 is located below the axial auxiliary permanent magnet 44, and the axial control coil 42 is located in the outer ring groove of the axial stator 41. The N and S poles of the axial permanent magnet 43 and the axial auxiliary permanent magnet 44 are staggered. Specifically, the axial permanent magnet 43 is magnetized in the positive axial direction, with the N pole at the top and the S pole at the bottom; the axial auxiliary permanent magnet 44 is magnetized in the negative axial direction, with the N pole at the bottom and the S pole at the top.

[0060] See also Figure 3 The flywheel structure shown is generally a solid elliptical structure with its upper and lower end faces cut away and a radially cut circumference. It is divided into two parts: an inner composite flywheel 51 and an outer metallic flywheel 52. In the present invention, flywheel 5 serves as the rotor of a low-energy magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device.

[0061] Radial and torsional hybrid magnetic bearings include radial magnetic bearings and torsional magnetic bearings.

[0062] See also Figure 4, the radial magnetic bearing is composed of a radial upper stator 61, a radial permanent magnet 62, and a radial lower stator 63 from top to bottom; the radial upper stator 61 is coaxially arranged with the axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring 45 and fixed to the lower surface of the upper end cover 1; the side of the radial lower stator 63 is fixed on the cylindrical shell 21; the radial permanent magnet 62 is fan-shaped, sandwiched between the radial upper stator 61 and the radial lower stator 63, and magnetized along the positive axial direction, with the N pole at the top and the S pole at the bottom; the radial upper stator 61 is a magnetic bearing utilizing the Lorentz magnetic force, and the radial lower stator 63 is a magnetic bearing utilizing the Maxwell force; both the radial upper stator 61 and the radial lower stator 63 use inclined magnetic poles (i.e., a first inclined magnetic pole 64 and a second inclined magnetic pole 66), the first inclined magnetic pole 64 is wound with a first radial control coil 65 along the circumferential direction, and the second inclined magnetic pole 66 is wound with a second radial control coil 67 along the circumferential direction.

[0063] like Figure 8 As shown, the torsional magnetic bearing is composed of a sunken torsional upper stator 71, a torsional permanent magnet 72 and a torsional lower stator 73 from top to bottom, and the lower bottom edge of the torsional lower stator 73 is fixed to the lower end cover 31; the torsional permanent magnet 72 is fan-shaped, sandwiched between the sunken torsional upper stator 71 and the torsional lower stator 73, and magnetized along the positive axial direction, with the upper N pole and the lower S pole; the sunken torsional upper stator 71 is a magnetic bearing using the Lorentz magnetic force, and the torsional lower stator 73 is a magnetic bearing using the Maxwell force; the sunken torsional upper stator 71 adopts a sunken magnetic pole 74, and the sunken magnetic pole 74 is wound with a torsional coil 76 along the axial direction, and the torsional lower stator 73 adopts an inclined magnetic pole (i.e., a third inclined magnetic pole 75), and the third inclined magnetic pole 75 is wound with a control coil 77 along the circumferential direction. The first inclined magnetic pole 64 faces the upper inclined surface of the flywheel 5 , and the second inclined magnetic pole 66 , the sunken magnetic pole 74 and the second inclined magnetic pole 75 face the lower inclined surface of the flywheel 5 .

[0064] The material of the axial permanent magnet 43 , the axial auxiliary permanent magnet 44 , the radial permanent magnet 62 and the torsional permanent magnet 72 is the rare earth material neodymium iron boron.

[0065] The number of radial upper stators 61, radial permanent magnets 62, radial lower stators 63, first inclined magnetic poles 64, second inclined magnetic poles 66, sunken torsional upper stators 71, torsional permanent magnets 72, torsional lower stators 73, sunken magnetic poles 74 and third inclined magnetic poles 75 are all multiples of 6, and 6 is preferably the preferred number in this embodiment.

[0066] The motor 8 is embedded in the external metal flywheel 52. When the motor 8 is powered on, it drives the flywheel 5 to rotate.

[0067] See also Figure 11The energy absorbing device 10 includes an upper cover 101, an energy absorbing body 102, a spring 103, and a lower cover 104. The lower cover 104 is embedded in the upper portion of the lower end cover protrusion 33. The energy absorbing body 102 is a solid cylinder. The spring 103 is wound around the energy absorbing body 103 and fixed between the upper cover 101 and the lower cover 104 to provide protection for the energy absorbing body 102. When the flywheel 5 malfunctions and flies out, it will collide with the upper cover 101. The circular upper cover 101 evenly transfers force to the energy absorbing body 102 protected by the spring 103, causing the energy absorbing body 102 to break and tear, thereby reducing the kinetic energy of the flywheel 5 and minimizing damage.

[0068] like Figure 10 As shown, the Halbach array permanent magnet 9 is fixed to the upper portion of the circular protrusion 34. The Halbach array permanent magnet 9 is composed of an upper layer of Halbach array permanent magnets 91 and a lower layer of Halbach array permanent magnets 92 stacked together. The upper layer of Halbach array permanent magnets 91 is composed of an inner ring of Halbach array permanent magnets 911 and an outer ring of Halbach array permanent magnets 912, each of which is bonded together. The number of inner ring Halbach array permanent magnets 911 and outer ring Halbach array permanent magnets 912 is three, thus forming three layers. The lower layer of Halbach array permanent magnets 92 has the same structure as the upper layer of Halbach array permanent magnets 91, except for a different magnetic pole distribution. The Halbach array permanent magnets 9 provide axial force for the flywheel 5.

[0069] When the flywheel energy storage device of the present invention is in operation, the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is achieved through the rotation of the flywheel 5 , which is divided into three stages: charging, energy storage, and discharging.

[0070] (1) During the charging phase, the motor 8 drives the flywheel 5 to rotate, thereby converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and realizing the input of electrical energy.

[0071] (2) Energy storage stage: when the input electrical energy is sufficient and the flywheel energy storage device is in a full state, the motor 8 keeps idling and the flywheel 5 keeps a constant speed; before the next discharge state, there is no energy exchange in the system.

[0072] (3) Discharge stage: In this stage, the flywheel 5 acts as a generator, outputting energy to the power electronic device to achieve the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0073] The present invention breaks away from the design of traditional magnetic circuits. By adopting inclined / sunken stator poles and rationally utilizing repulsive force (shell repulsive permanent magnet 23) and electromagnetic force (Halbach array permanent magnet 9), it achieves higher-precision control while simplifying the structure and reducing thickness. It can meet the requirements of static suspension, radial two-degree-of-freedom control, torsional two-degree-of-freedom control, and axial single-degree-of-freedom control of the flywheel 5. Compared with traditional structures, the present invention can also reduce current loss during control, and the radial control coil has a fault-tolerant effect. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0074] Implementation of axial single degree of freedom passive suspension and axial control: Figure 5 As shown, the axial permanent magnet 43 magnetized in the positive axial direction and the axial auxiliary permanent magnet 44 magnetized in the negative axial direction act to generate an axially upward magnetic flux, which generates an axial positive pulling force on the flywheel 5. This pulling force is offset by the gravity of the flywheel 5 itself, thereby achieving static suspension of the flywheel 5. Compared with the existing suspension structure, the structure of the axial permanent magnet combined with the axial auxiliary permanent magnet used in the present invention can achieve a stronger and more stable suspension force with minimal magnetic leakage. Axial control is achieved by the electromagnetic force generated by energizing the axial coil 42. When it is detected that the flywheel 5 is disturbed in the axial single degree of freedom beyond the self-balancing allowable range, a control current is passed through the axial coil 42, and the generated magnetic circuit is as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown by the solid line, the magnetic flux starts from the axial stator 41, passes through the air gap on one side between the axial stator 41 and the upper end surface of the flywheel 5 to reach the flywheel 5, and then flows out through the air gap on the other side to return to the axial stator 41, forming a complete magnetic circuit, generating a controlled magnetic pull on the flywheel 5, and returning the flywheel 5 to the axial equilibrium position.

[0075] Realization of radial two-degree-of-freedom balance: Figure 6 as well as Figure 7 As shown, for the convenience of introduction, the six radial stators 61 are marked as A, B, C, D, E, and F, and the six radial lower stators 63 are marked as A', B', C', D', E', and F'. The three poles A, B, and C are introduced as inclined magnetic poles A641, inclined magnetic poles B642, and inclined magnetic poles C643, respectively. Figure 6 As shown, the radial permanent magnet 62 magnetized in the positive axial direction starts from the N pole, passes through the radial upper stator 61, reaches the air gap between the radial upper stator 61 and the flywheel 5, enters the flywheel 5 through the air gap, and then returns to the S pole of the radial permanent magnet 62 through the air gap between the flywheel 5 and the radial lower stator 63 to form a loop. The six permanent magnets between the six magnetic poles work together to achieve the effect of radial static bias. Figure 7As shown, to achieve radial two-degree-of-freedom control, a control current is applied to the first radial control coil 65 to generate the control magnetic flux indicated by the solid line and arrow. The A-pole control magnetic flux originates from the first inclined magnetic pole 64, passing through the air gaps between inclined magnetic pole A641 and the flywheel 5, and between the flywheel 5 and inclined magnetic pole B642, to reach inclined magnetic pole B642. Another path passes through the air gaps between inclined magnetic pole A641 and the flywheel 5, and between the flywheel 5 and inclined magnetic pole C643, to reach inclined magnetic pole C643. Ultimately, the two flux paths converge at inclined magnetic pole A641 through the radial upper stator 61, forming a complete control magnetic circuit. The control magnetic circuit of the radial lower stator 63 is identical to that of the radial upper stator 61. When the flywheel 5 is subjected to radial disturbances, the twelve radial poles (A, B, C, D, E, F, A', B', C', D', E', and F') cooperate to generate a composite magnetic pull, achieving radial two-degree-of-freedom control.

[0076] Realization of torsion two degrees of freedom: Figure 8 as well as Figure 9 As shown, in order to achieve torsional control, the present invention proposes a new topological structure that combines the sunken torsional upper stator 71 and the torsional lower stator 73 for control, uses the torsional permanent magnet 72 and the torsional lower stator 73 to achieve control under small torsional conditions, and uses the sunken torsional upper stator 71 to collaboratively achieve control under large torsional conditions. The control magnetic flux of the sunken twisted upper stator pole A741 starts from the sunken magnetic pole 74, passes through the air gap between the sunken twisted upper stator pole A741 and the flywheel 5, and the air gap between the flywheel 5 and the sunken twisted upper stator pole B742, and reaches the sunken twisted upper stator pole B742. The other path passes through the air gap between the sunken twisted upper stator pole A741 and the flywheel 5, and the air gap between the flywheel 5 and the sunken twisted upper stator pole C743, and reaches the sunken twisted upper stator pole C743. Finally, the two magnetic fluxes pass through the sunken twisted upper stator 71 and converge at the sunken twisted upper stator pole A741 to form a complete control magnetic circuit. When the flywheel 5 is subjected to a small disturbance and produces a small torsion, the air gap between the torsion lower stator 73 and the flywheel 5 becomes smaller, while the air gap between the sunken torsion upper stator 71 and the flywheel 5 becomes larger, and the current in the control coil 77 changes, causing the flywheel 5 to return to a balanced position. When the torsion angle of the flywheel 5 exceeds the threshold that can be corrected by the torsion permanent magnet 72 and the control coil 77, a torsion control current is passed through the torsion coil 76 for control. The control magnetic flux generated by the torsion control current reaches the flywheel 5 through the sunken torsion stator 71 and the air gap between the sunken torsion stator 71 and the flywheel 5, generating a pulling force on the lower layer of the flywheel 5 that is unbalanced with the upper layer, and achieving the torsion control effect through the six sunken magnetic poles 74 and the torsion coil 76 placed at equal angles.

[0077] To reduce magnetic circuit coupling and improve control accuracy, the present invention utilizes the concept of isolating bias flux from control flux. For axial suspension, static suspension of the flywheel 5 is achieved through the combined pull of the axial permanent magnet 43 and the axial auxiliary permanent magnet 44. For radial control, permanent magnets are used to isolate the upper and lower stators. This structure divides the magnetic circuit into two layers, which work together to increase the stability of the flywheel 5. Furthermore, the radial coil 77 wound circumferentially and the torsional coil 76 wound radially are perpendicular to each other, ensuring that mutual induction does not occur when the two are closely spaced.

[0078] To achieve fault tolerance and low energy consumption, the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing control coils of the present invention can coordinate their operating modes based on the vehicle's road conditions and speed, switching from passive control to five-degree-of-freedom control and reducing losses in the magnetic bearing control coils. When the flywheel 5 is subjected to minimal disturbances, such as when the vehicle is stationary, the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearings are inoperative, allowing the flywheel 5 to achieve self-balancing. When the flywheel 5 is subjected to minor radial disturbances alone, such as uniform motion on a straight road at speeds less than 60 km / h, the interaction between the housing repulsive permanent magnets 23, the Halbach array permanent magnets 9, and the permanent magnet bias flux of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearings maintains the flywheel 5 in balance. When the flywheel 5 is subjected to minor mixed longitudinal and vertical disturbances, such as uniform motion on a curve at speeds less than 28 km / h or uniform motion on a slope at speeds less than 15 km / h and angles less than 10°, the first radial control coil 65 and the torsional coil 76 (i.e., the torsional Lorentz magnetic control coils) are energized for precise control. When the flywheel 5 is subjected to a large radial disturbance alone, such as when a car accelerates, decelerates, or turns, the first radial control coil 65 and the second radial control coil 67 are energized, and the remaining control coils are deactivated. When the flywheel 5 is subjected to a vertical disturbance, such as when it is uphill or downhill (10° to 25°), the axial control coil 42 is energized, and the axial control coil 42 and the Halbach array permanent magnet 9 work together to keep the flywheel 5 balanced. When the flywheel 5 is subjected to a mixture of longitudinal and vertical disturbances, such as when a winding mountain road, ups and downs, or bumpy roads, the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearings work together to keep the flywheel 5 balanced.

[0079] Table 1 Coordination working mode corresponding to specific road conditions

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] On the basis of being able to achieve low energy consumption and high control accuracy, the redundant structure of the present invention uses the "equivalent magnetic flux" principle to achieve fault tolerance. In addition, the structure has better energy storage performance and better safety performance while being lightweight. The implementation method is as follows:

[0083] Implementation of fault tolerance: In terms of active control, the present invention utilizes the principle of equivalent magnetic flux to achieve fault tolerance. Six first-type tilted magnetic poles 64 provide electromagnetic forces in the three positive coordinate directions of the X, Y, and Z axes within the radial plane of the stator, thereby controlling the radially stable suspension of the rotor. When a magnetic pole circuit fails, the fault-tolerant method based on the principle of "equivalent magnetic flux" can redistribute the stator magnetic pole current and utilize other normal magnetic poles to generate coupling magnetic flux, so that the magnetic flux at the six magnetic pole end faces remains unchanged before and after the failure. By controlling the electromagnetic force in the same magnetic flux environment, fault-tolerant operation is achieved.

[0084] High safety: Unlike traditional metal flywheels, the flywheel of the present invention is made of a composite material, which is much stronger than metal. When the composite flywheel 5 is damaged, it only produces fluffy, non-destructive flocculent fragments, thus providing greater safety.

[0085] Achievement of high energy storage performance: The flywheel 5 of the present invention is a main body of a modified disc with an approximately equal stress surface, and its stress distribution is uniform. The flywheel 5 has higher strength and rigidity and can withstand greater loads and rotation speeds, thereby improving the energy storage density and power density of the flywheel.

[0086] At the same time, in terms of cost, the present invention has lower control loss and lower manufacturing cost.

[0087] Realization of low loss: When controlling the balance of the flywheel 5, the present invention adopts a method in which repulsion, attraction, and electromagnetic force act together. When the flywheel 5 is working, the position of the flywheel 5 is compared with the equilibrium position. When the radial deviation of the flywheel 5 is lower than the set threshold, it is determined that the radial direction is slightly disturbed at this time. The self-balancing effect can be achieved through the interaction between the repulsive permanent magnet 23 of the outer shell and the magnetized surface of the flywheel 5, thereby reducing the loss of the control current. At the same time, when the flywheel 5 rotates at high speed, if an external force acts on the flywheel 5, the force will generate torque on the flywheel 5, attempting to change the direction of the flywheel 5's rotation axis. The flywheel 5 will use the gyroscopic stabilization effect to generate a force on the rotation axis to resist the torque in order to keep its own direction unchanged. Combined with the above design, the overall purpose of low-loss operation is achieved.

[0088] Low-cost implementation: The flywheel 5, with its nearly constant stress surface, is relatively simple in structure, making it easy to manufacture and manufacture, resulting in relatively low manufacturing costs. This simple structure also makes the flywheel 5 relatively easy to maintain and repair, resulting in a low maintenance cost for the flywheel battery system. Furthermore, composite materials are relatively abundant and inexpensive, further reducing the manufacturing cost of the flywheel battery system.

[0089] In addition, the present invention takes into account the shortcomings of the flywheel energy storage system that a large amount of heat is generated and a large amount of noise is emitted during operation, and designs a shell with good heat dissipation and noise absorption effects.

[0090] Heat dissipation: Cylindrical housing 21 is uniformly distributed with a multiplicity of arrayed heat dissipation holes 22, significantly increasing the heat dissipation area. These holes 22 are perpendicular to the heat source, enhancing air flow. Furthermore, elliptical heat dissipation holes 32 at the bottom integrate heat dissipation and wiring, further enhancing the flywheel housing's heat dissipation.

[0091] Noise absorption: The hollow part of the cylindrical shell 21 is filled with different types of sound-absorbing materials in the radial direction, which can effectively absorb and isolate noise of different frequencies, thereby improving the attraction and noise reduction performance of the overall structure.

[0092] The embodiments described are preferred implementations of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementations. Any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essence of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device with a coordinated working mode and a fault-tolerant structure, characterized in that: include: An axial hybrid magnetic bearing, a flywheel (5), a shell repulsive permanent magnet (23), a radial and torsional hybrid magnetic bearing, a motor (8) and a Halbach array permanent magnet (9) are coaxially distributed from top to bottom in the shell cavity; The axial hybrid magnetic bearing comprises an axial auxiliary permanent magnet (44), an auxiliary magnetic isolation aluminum ring (47), an inner magnetic isolation aluminum ring (48), an axial permanent magnet (43), an outer magnetic isolation aluminum ring (49), an axial upper stator (41), an axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring (45), an axial receiver (46) and an axial control coil (42); the axial auxiliary permanent magnet (44), the auxiliary magnetic isolation aluminum ring (47), the inner magnetic isolation aluminum ring (48), the axial permanent magnet (43) and the outer magnetic isolation aluminum ring (49) are tightly connected in sequence from the inside to the outside. After being fitted together, the stator (41) is embedded in the inner groove of the lower part of the axial stator (41), and the outer side of the axial stator (41) is fitted with the axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring (45). The axial stator (41) and the axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring (45) are coaxially fixed on the lower surface of the upper end cover (1); the axial receiver (46) is located below the axial auxiliary permanent magnet (44), and the axial control coil (42) is located in the outer groove of the axial stator (41); the N poles and S poles of the axial permanent magnet (43) and the axial auxiliary permanent magnet (44) are interlaced. The flywheel (5) adopts an approximately equal stress surface modified disc structure, and the outer cylindrical surface is filled with magnetic powder; The shell repulsive permanent magnet (23) is embedded in the middle position inside the cylindrical shell (21); The radial and torsional hybrid magnetic bearing comprises a radial magnetic bearing and a torsional magnetic bearing, wherein the torsional magnetic bearing comprises, from top to bottom, a sunken torsional upper stator (71), a torsional permanent magnet (72) and a torsional lower stator (73), and the lower bottom edge of the torsional lower stator (73) is fixed to the lower end cover (31). The sunken torsional upper stator (71) adopts a sunken magnetic pole (74), and the sunken magnetic pole (74) is wound with a torsional coil (76) in the axial direction. The torsional lower stator (73) adopts an inclined magnetic pole, i.e., a third inclined magnetic pole (75), and the third inclined magnetic pole (75) is wound with a control coil (77) in the circumferential direction. The motor (8) is embedded in the bottom of the flywheel (52), and when the motor (8) is energized, it drives the flywheel (5) to rotate; The Halbach array permanent magnet (9) is fixed on the lower end cover (31) and is composed of an upper Halbach array permanent magnet (91) and a lower Halbach array permanent magnet (92) stacked together, and the magnetic pole distributions of the two are different.

2. The low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial magnetic bearing comprises, from top to bottom, a radial upper stator (61), a radial permanent magnet (62), and a radial lower stator (63); the radial upper stator (61) is coaxially arranged with an axial control magnetic isolation aluminum ring (45) and fixed on the lower surface of the upper end cover (1); the radial lower stator (63) is fixed on the cylindrical shell (21); the radial upper stator (61) and the radial lower stator (63) both adopt inclined magnetic poles, namely a first inclined magnetic pole (64) and a second inclined magnetic pole (66); the first inclined magnetic pole (64) is wound with a first radial control coil (65) in a circumferential direction, and the second inclined magnetic pole (66) is wound with a second radial control coil (67) in a circumferential direction.

3. The low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the radial upper stator (61), the radial permanent magnet (62), the radial lower stator (63), the first inclined magnetic pole (64), the second inclined magnetic pole (66), the sunken torsional upper stator (71), the torsional permanent magnet (72), the torsional lower stator (73), the sunken magnetic pole (74) and the third inclined magnetic pole (75) is a multiple of 6.

4. The low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radial permanent magnet (62) and the torsion permanent magnet (72) are both fan-shaped and magnetized along the positive axial direction, with an N pole at the top and an S pole at the bottom.

5. The low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radial upper stator (61) and the sunken torsional upper stator (71) are magnetic bearings utilizing Lorentz magnetic force, and the radial lower stator (63) and the torsional lower stator (73) are magnetic bearings utilizing Maxwell force.

6. The low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial permanent magnet (43) is magnetized in the positive axial direction, with an N pole at the top and an S pole at the bottom; the axial auxiliary permanent magnet (44) is magnetized in the negative axial direction, with an N pole at the bottom and an S pole at the top.

7. The low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes an energy absorbing device (10), wherein the energy absorbing device (10) includes an upper cover (101) of the energy absorbing device, an energy absorbing body (102), a spring (103) and a lower cover (104) of the energy absorbing device, wherein the lower cover (104) of the energy absorbing device is embedded in the upper part of the protrusion (33) of the lower end cover; the energy absorbing body (102) is a solid cylinder, and the spring (103) is wound around the energy absorbing body (103) and fixed between the upper cover (101) of the energy absorbing device and the lower cover (104) of the energy absorbing device.

8. The low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell cavity is composed of a cylindrical shell (21), an upper end cover (1), and a lower end cover (31); the outermost circle of the upper end cover (1) is provided with a hole; two groups of heat dissipation holes (22) are symmetrically distributed around the cylindrical shell (21) with the shell repulsive permanent magnet (23) as the axial plane, and the heat dissipation holes (22) are perpendicular to the heat source; a circular protrusion (34) is provided at the center position of the lower bottom surface of the lower end cover (31), and a plurality of lower end cover protrusions (33) are evenly distributed around the circular protrusion (34), and an elliptical heat dissipation hole (32) is provided between two adjacent lower end cover protrusions (33).

9. The low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The interior of the cylindrical shell (21) is hollow and filled with several different sound insulation materials along the radial direction.

10. The low-energy consumption magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flywheel (5) is divided into two parts: an inner composite flywheel (51) and an outer metal flywheel (52), wherein the outer metal flywheel (52) wraps the inner composite flywheel (51).

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