A technique for aerial seeding of tree bulbs under natural precipitation conditions

Abstract

This invention discloses an aerial seeding technology for afforestation under natural rainfall conditions, belonging to the field of aerial seeding afforestation technology. The technology includes raw material preparation, raw material processing, granulation, drying, screening, and aerial seeding. The raw material preparation includes: preparation of seed bulb raw materials and preparation of seed raw materials. The seed bulb raw material preparation consists of 30-35 parts red soil, 65-70 parts coconut coir, and 0-5 parts organic substrate by volume. The seed raw material preparation involves selecting six local tree species seeds, including two tree seeds, two shrub seeds, and two grass seeds, based on the local environment. This invention protects the seeds and improves the quality of aerial seeding afforestation and seed germination rate by mixing multiple seeds together to form a seed bulb.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerial seeding afforestation technology, specifically to an aerial seeding technology for tree seed balls under natural rainfall conditions. Background Technology

[0002] my country is a country with relatively little forest, with only 0.128 hectares of forest area per capita. 2 It is only 0.6 hm² of the world's average per capita. 2 Aerial seeding has increased forest coverage in remote mountainous areas and desert hinterlands of my country, achieving 21.3% of the total. This technology has yielded significant ecological benefits. In recent years, research on aerial seeding has made considerable progress, and my country's aerial seeding technology has reached an internationally leading level. However, my country still has a large area of ​​suitable barren hills and wastelands for afforestation, and desertification in the Northwest remains severe. The task of increasing forest coverage in the future remains arduous, and aerial seeding will continue to be one of the important means of afforestation and greening for some time to come.

[0003] Aerial seeding is an ecological construction method that uses aircraft to precisely deliver seeds, enabling high-speed construction and meeting the requirements of complex afforestation tasks. In the past, aerial seeding was done by directly broadcasting naked seeds. Existing new aerial seeding technologies, such as aerial seed coating technology and GPS satellite positioning and navigation technology, have improved the quality of aerial seeding.

[0004] However, the seed coating technology used in aerial seeding for afforestation mentioned above results in seeds with excessive nutrients and chemical reagents on their surface. Prolonged drought after aerial seeding can cause overheating, leading to corrosion and damage to the seeds. Furthermore, specialized drying equipment is required after coating, resulting in a high dependence on dryers. Additionally, the seeds are easily broken upon landing during aerial seeding. On the other hand, GPS satellite positioning and navigation systems can become inaccurate during aerial seeding if the seeds drift, are exposed to direct sunlight, or are eaten by birds or animals, leading to uncontrollable germination rates. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an aerial seeding afforestation technique under natural rainfall conditions. By mixing multiple seeds together to form a seed ball, the seeds are protected, and the quality of aerial seeding afforestation and seed germination rate are improved.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A technique for aerial seeding of tree pellets under natural precipitation conditions includes: raw material preparation, raw material processing, granulation, drying, screening, and aerial seeding;

[0008] The preparation of raw materials includes: preparation of tree bulb raw materials and preparation of seed raw materials;

[0009] The raw materials for the tree seed balls are prepared by volume: 30-35 parts red soil, 65-70 parts coconut coir, and 0-5 parts organic substrate.

[0010] The red soil mentioned is red clay, which was collected on-site in the area where the aerial seeding operation was carried out. The pH is 6.5-7. It needs to be processed into powder before use.

[0011] The coconut coir is made from 100% natural coconut shells through deacidification and sterilization treatment, with an EC value of less than 0.5 ms / cm and a pH of 6.5-7.

[0012] The organic substrate is a mixture of humus, camel dung, and cow dung;

[0013] The seed preparation involves selecting six local tree species seeds, including two tree seeds, two shrub seeds, and two grass seeds, based on the local environment.

[0014] The raw material processing involves crushing the red clay to 50-100 mesh to obtain crushed red clay; and mixing coconut coir with the substrate in advance to obtain a coconut coir mixture.

[0015] The granulation process involves mixing the seeds of six local tree species with crushed red soil, then adding coconut coir mixture and mixing thoroughly to obtain a seed mixture. The seed mixture is then placed in a drum-type granulator and granulated using a continuous discharge method, with water added periodically. Granulation is stopped once pelletized tree seed balls are formed, yielding tree seed balls.

[0016] In the granulation process, the drum rotation speed is 40 rpm;

[0017] The water is added periodically, once every 2 minutes, with each addition being 200 mL.

[0018] The moisture content of the tree bulbs is 25%-28%;

[0019] The total amount of the tree seeds used is 3 kg / ton of tree seed bulbs;

[0020] The drying process involves naturally air-drying the pelleted seeds, controlling the drying time according to different light and temperature conditions, until the moisture content of the bulbs is reduced to below 0.5%.

[0021] The sieving process involves separating the obtained bulbs according to whether their diameter exceeds 2cm, resulting in bulbs with a diameter less than 2cm and bulbs with a diameter of 2-3.5cm. For areas with an average annual rainfall of less than 200mm, bulbs with a diameter less than 2cm are used; for areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200mm, bulbs with a diameter of 2-3.5cm are used.

[0022] The aerial seeding operation uses a transport aircraft and a professional aircraft seeder. The seeding rate can be adjusted according to the ground seeding density to ensure that the seed balls are evenly scattered in the designated work area. The flight altitude is controlled below 100m, with a payload of 750kg. Depending on the seeding density, each flight can complete a work area of ​​250-750 acres.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] (1) This invention avoids the drawbacks of traditional coating technology, which contains too many nutrients and chemical reagents, and causes heat generation and corrosion damage to seeds due to long-term drought after aerial sowing. Moreover, no special drying equipment is required after coating, avoiding the dependence on dryers in traditional coating operations. The prepared seed balls can withstand a vertical force of 10N to ensure that they will not fall and break directly when aerial sowing. The obtained seed balls are screened according to different diameters to correspond to areas with different rainfall during aerial sowing, which can be targeted to the aerial sowing area, thereby improving the survival rate of the seed balls and ensuring quality.

[0025] (2) This invention not only overcomes the problems of inaccurate positioning and uncontrollable germination rate caused by seed drift, sun exposure, and pecking by birds and animals in traditional aerial seeding operations, but also provides a microenvironment that is infinitely close to nature for seed germination by using red clay and coconut coir, which significantly improves the seed germination rate and seedling survival rate.

[0026] (3) This invention improves the germination rate by mixing multiple seeds and utilizing the characteristics of natural selection in plants. The germination rate in areas with sufficient water and sunlight is increased to 82.5%, and the germination rate in areas with an average annual rainfall of 100-150 mm is increased to 39.5%. At the same time, it also improves biodiversity.

[0027] (4) This invention utilizes the mechanical properties of red soil and coconut coir, such as their cohesiveness and strength after drying, to enable the processing to be bonded into balls, which will not break when the seeds fall to the ground after drying. It also ensures that when the seed balls encounter water in the desert, the red soil can provide a micro-soil environment for seed germination, and the coconut coir, as a long-fiber material, has excellent water absorption and retention properties, which can effectively prolong the time required for seed germination to obtain water after encountering water. In addition, the long fibers of coconut coir are very helpful for forming balls, and the particle size is uniform. By adjusting the proportion of coconut coir, the density of the seed balls can be effectively controlled, thereby reducing the impact force of the seed balls when they fall to the ground, protecting the integrity of the seed balls, and improving the accuracy of the distribution of seed balls on the ground. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A technique for aerial seeding of tree bulbs under natural precipitation conditions, specifically:

[0031] 1. The raw materials used are as follows:

[0032] (1) Raw materials for seed bulbs: According to volume parts, the raw materials for seed bulbs include: 32 parts red soil, 68 parts coconut coir, and 2 parts organic matrix; the red soil is red clay, that is, highly plastic clay rich in humus, which is collected on-site in the area where the aerial seeding operation is located to adapt to the local natural conditions for plant seed germination, with a pH of 6.5-7. When using red soil, it needs to be processed into powder.

[0033] The coconut coir is made from 100% natural coconut shells through deacidification and sterilization treatment, with an EC value of less than 0.5 ms / cm and a pH of 6.5-7.

[0034] The organic substrate is a mixture of humus, camel dung, and cow dung, wherein the mass ratio of humus, camel dung, and cow dung is 1:1:1.

[0035] (2) Seed raw materials: Select seeds according to the local environment, such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Hippophae rhamnoides, Artemisia argyi, Tamarix chinensis, Caragana korshinskii, Camel thorn, Suaeda salsa or other drought-resistant and salt-tolerant tree species and grass seeds suitable for the local area.

[0036] 2. The steps included are as follows:

[0037] (1) Raw material processing: The red soil is crushed to 50-100 mesh to obtain crushed red soil; the coconut coir is mixed with the substrate in advance to obtain coconut coir mixture;

[0038] (2) Granulation: Mix the seeds of 6 local tree species with crushed red soil, then add coconut coir mixture and mix evenly to obtain seed mixture; put the seed mixture into a drum granulator and granulate it by continuous discharge. Control the drum speed to 40 rpm, add water once every 2 minutes, and add 200 mL of water each time. Stop granulation after forming granulated tree seed balls to obtain tree seed balls.

[0039] The moisture content of the tree bulbs is 25%-28%;

[0040] The six types of tree seeds include: two types of tree seeds, two types of shrub seeds, and two types of grass seeds;

[0041] The specific types of tree seeds need to be matched according to the different needs of different regional environments and climate conditions, as well as the seed size, vigor, and germination test results. When preparing tree seed balls, it is necessary to ensure that the tree seed balls can completely cover the seeds.

[0042] The total amount of the tree seeds used is 3 kg / ton of tree seed bulbs;

[0043] (3) Drying: The pelleted seeds are air-dried naturally, and the drying time is controlled according to different light and temperature, until the moisture content of the bulbs is reduced to below 0.5%;

[0044] (4) Screening: The obtained bulbs are screened according to whether the diameter exceeds 2cm to obtain bulbs with a diameter less than 2cm and bulbs with a diameter of 2-3.5cm. For areas with an average annual rainfall of less than 200mm, bulbs with a diameter less than 2cm are used; for areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200mm, bulbs with a diameter of 2-3.5cm are used.

[0045] (5) Aerial seeding: The Y-5B transport aircraft, which is highly adaptable to the working environment, is used for aerial seeding operations. A professional aircraft seeder is used, and the seeding amount can be adjusted according to the ground seeding density so that the seed balls can be evenly scattered in the designated working area. The flight altitude is controlled below 100m, and the payload is 750kg. Depending on the seeding density, each flight can complete 250-750 mu of working area.

[0046] Test case

[0047] Following the method described in Example 1, aerial seeding was conducted in areas with abundant water and sunlight, specifically areas with an average annual rainfall exceeding 200 mm and areas with an average annual rainfall of 100-150 mm. 200 seed pellets were used for each aerial seeding. The germination rate was statistically analyzed 1-10 days after the aerial seeding, and the results are as follows:

[0048]

[0049] In the table, number 1 represents areas with an average annual rainfall of over 200 mm, and number 2 represents areas with an average annual rainfall of 100-150 mm.

[0050] The results above show that in areas with sufficient water and sunlight, i.e., areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200 mm, the germination rate of tree bulbs can reach 82.5%, while in areas with an average annual rainfall of 100-150 mm, the germination rate can reach 39.5%.

[0051] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages used in this invention are mass percentages.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for afforestation by aerial seeding of tree bulbs under natural precipitation conditions, characterized in that, include: Raw material preparation, raw material processing, granulation, drying, screening, aerial seeding; The preparation of raw materials includes: preparation of tree bulb raw materials and preparation of seed raw materials; The raw materials for the tree seed balls are prepared by volume: 30-35 parts red soil, 65-70 parts coconut coir, and 0-5 parts organic substrate. The red soil mentioned is red clay, which was collected on-site in the area where the aerial seeding operation was carried out. The pH is 6.5-7. It needs to be processed into powder before use. The coconut coir is made from 100% natural coconut shells through deacidification and sterilization treatment, with an EC value of less than 0.5 ms / cm and a pH of 6.5-7. The organic substrate is a mixture of humus, camel dung, and cow dung; The seed preparation involves selecting six local tree species seeds, including two tree seeds, two shrub seeds, and two grass seeds, based on the local environment. The total amount of the tree seeds used is 3 kg / ton of tree seed bulbs; The raw material processing involves crushing the red clay to 50-100 mesh to obtain crushed red clay; and mixing coconut coir with an organic matrix in advance to obtain a coconut coir mixture. The granulation process involves mixing the seeds of six local tree species with crushed red soil, then adding coconut coir mixture and mixing thoroughly to obtain a seed mixture. The seed mixture is then placed in a drum-type granulator and granulated using a continuous discharge method, with water added periodically. Granulation is stopped once pelletized tree seed balls are formed, yielding tree seed balls. The drying process involves naturally air-drying the pelleted seeds, controlling the drying time according to different light and temperature conditions, until the moisture content of the bulbs is reduced to below 0.5%. The sieving process involves separating the obtained bulbs according to whether their diameter exceeds 2cm, resulting in bulbs with a diameter less than 2cm and bulbs with a diameter of 2-3.5cm. For areas with an average annual rainfall of less than 200mm, bulbs with a diameter less than 2cm are used; for areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200mm, bulbs with a diameter of 2-3.5cm are used.

2. The method for aerial seeding of tree bulbs under natural precipitation conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the granulation process, the drum rotation speed is 40 rpm; The water is added periodically, once every 2 minutes, with each addition being 200 mL. The moisture content of the tree bulbs is 25%-28%.

3. The method for aerial seeding of tree bulbs under natural precipitation conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerial seeding operation uses a transport aircraft and a professional aircraft seeder. The seeding rate can be adjusted according to the ground seeding density to ensure that the seed balls are evenly scattered in the designated work area. The flight altitude is controlled below 100m, with a payload of 750kg. Depending on the seeding density, each flight can complete a work area of ​​250-750 acres.

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