Method for controlling coaxiality during assembly of a mechanical transmission system

Abstract

The application provides a coaxiality control method in a mechanical transmission system assembly process, relates to the technical field of mechanical transmission system part assembly, and solves the problem of large assembly error of coaxiality of two transmission parts with low machining precision in the assembly process of three parts. The static reference system in mechanical cooperation is converted into a dynamic reference system, the machining precision is not improved, cost is saved, the operability is high, the adjustment of the cooperation surface of the two parts with low machining precision and the intermediate part with high machining precision is realized through a thin gasket, and the purpose of improving the coaxiality installation precision of the parts is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly process of a mechanical transmission system, belonging to the field of mechanical transmission system component assembly technology. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of mechanical transmission technology, shaft-connected components typically need to transmit torque, thus requiring high coaxiality during assembly. Excessive coaxiality deviation can generate radial forces or vertical bending moments on couplings or clutches, shortening their lifespan. To improve assembly accuracy, current techniques generally use the shaft center as a reference, employing dial indicators to measure the concentricity of two holes, and then using the axis connecting the shaft centers at different positions as the reference axis to measure coaxiality. However, in cases where the shaft being measured is short, located in confined space within a housing, or where the housing spans a large distance in the installation direction, the difficulty of coaxiality measurement increases exponentially, leading to a significant decrease in measurement accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for controlling the coaxiality of transmission system components to ensure coaxiality accuracy.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows: a method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly of a mechanical transmission system, wherein the transmission system includes a transmission component one, a transmission component two, and an intermediate housing for connecting the transmission component one and the transmission component two; the transmission component one is provided with a mounting surface three, the transmission component two is provided with a mounting surface four, and the intermediate housing is provided with a mounting surface one for cooperating with the mounting surface three and a mounting surface two for cooperating with the mounting surface four at both ends; the transmission component one is connected to the intermediate housing by a plurality of bolts one, and the transmission component two is connected to the intermediate housing by a plurality of bolts two;

[0005] The method includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Using the shaft center of transmission component one as a reference, measure the concentricity of the mounting surface three of transmission component one at each bolt point;

[0007] Step 2: Take the opposite value of the concentricity measured in Step 1 and record it;

[0008] Step 3: Using the shaft center of transmission component two as a reference, measure the concentricity of the mounting surface four of transmission component two corresponding to each bolt two.

[0009] Step 4: Take the opposite value of the concentricity measured in Step 3 and record it;

[0010] Step 5: Connect transmission component one to the intermediate housing with bolt one. Using the axis of transmission component one as a reference, measure the concentricity of the mounting surface two of the intermediate housing at each bolt two and record it.

[0011] Step 6: Compare the concentricity recorded in Step 5 with the opposite of the concentricity recorded in Step 4, calculate the difference. If the difference at all bolts meets the coaxiality requirement, then remove transmission component one and continue to Step 7.

[0012] If the difference does not meet the coaxiality requirement, add an adjusting shim at the corresponding bolt location until the coaxiality requirement is met.

[0013] Step 7: Record the number of thin washers at each bolt location, and then separate the transmission component from the intermediate housing;

[0014] Step 8: Connect transmission component two to the intermediate housing using bolt two. Using the axis of transmission component two as a reference, measure the concentricity of the mounting surface one of the intermediate housing corresponding to each bolt and record it.

[0015] Step 9: Compare the concentricity recorded in Step 8 with the opposite of the concentricity recorded in Step 2, calculate the difference, and if the difference at any point on all bolts meets the concentricity requirement, then continue to Step 10.

[0016] If the difference does not meet the coaxiality requirement, add adjusting shims at the corresponding bolt position until the coaxiality requirement is met.

[0017] Step 10: Connect the transmission component to the intermediate housing according to the number of thin shims that were fastened at each location in Step 7.

[0018] A further design of the above technical solution is as follows: several bolts are located in the same circumference, and several bolts are located in the same circumference.

[0019] The number of bolts one and bolts two are the same, and their positions correspond one-to-one. In steps 6 and 9, the correspondence between bolts one and bolts two is symmetrical about the center of the intermediate shell.

[0020] After adding a single thin washer at bolt point 1, the concentricity increase at bolt point 2 is BB′1=(DD′1×BC) / CD1, where DD′1 is the thickness of thin washer 1, BC is the axial length of the intermediate shell, and CD1 is the diameter of the distribution circle where several bolts are located.

[0021] The number of thin washers at each bolt location is the difference in step 9 divided by BB′1 and rounded down.

[0022] After adding a single thin washer at bolt 2, the coaxiality increase at bolt 1 is BB′2=(DD′2×BC) / CD2, where DD′2 is the thickness of the thin washer 2, BC is the axial length of the intermediate shell, and CD2 is the diameter of the distribution circle of several bolts 2.

[0023] The number of thin washers at bolt point 2 is the difference in step 6 divided by BB′2 and rounded down.

[0024] The machining accuracy of mounting surface three of transmission component one and mounting surface four of transmission component two is less than that of mounting surface one and mounting surface two of the intermediate shell.

[0025] The first thin gasket has an inner arc that matches the outer diameter of the first bolt and an outer arc that matches the outer contour of the corresponding end of the intermediate housing. The second thin gasket has an inner arc that matches the outer diameter of the second bolt and an outer arc that matches the outer contour of the corresponding end of the intermediate housing.

[0026] Concentricity is measured using a dial indicator or micrometer.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0028] The coaxiality control method of this invention, through the transmission components and housing in the mechanical transmission system, firstly uses a dial indicator to determine the center position of transmission component two on the mating surface two of the intermediate housing. Then, using the mating surface one of the intermediate housing as a reference, the number of thin shims one is adjusted at different bolt locations between transmission component one and the intermediate housing to align the input shaft of transmission component one with the center position of transmission component two on the mating surface two of the intermediate housing. Similarly, by adjusting the number of thin shims two at different bolt locations between transmission component two and the intermediate housing, the output shaft of transmission component two is aligned with the center position of transmission component one on the mating surface one of the intermediate housing, achieving collinearity between the input shaft of transmission component one and the output shaft of transmission component two. This invention cleverly utilizes the relationship between dynamic and static reference frames and geometric knowledge to flexibly solve the problem of insufficient coaxiality accuracy during the assembly of mechanical transmission system components. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of transmission component one;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate shell structure;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of transmission component two;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of adjusting thin shim one and adjusting thin shim two

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the effect of adjusting the thin gasket on the spatial position of the intermediate shell;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the coaxiality adjustment process;

[0036] Figure label:

[0037] 1. Transmission component one; 2. Intermediate housing; 3. Transmission component two; 4. Input shaft of transmission component one; 5. Output shaft of transmission component two; 6. Bolt one; 7. Bolt two; 8. Adjusting shim two; 9. Adjusting shim one; 10. Mating mounting surface one; 11. Mating mounting surface two; 12. Mating mounting surface three; 13. Mating mounting surface four; 14. Inner arc one; 15. Outer arc two; 16. Inner arc three; 17. Outer arc four; 18. Outer contour one; 19. Outer contour two. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] In this embodiment, concentricity is measured using a dial indicator or a micrometer. A dial indicator or micrometer is a measuring instrument that uses rack and pinion or lever gear transmission to convert the linear displacement of the measuring rod into the angular displacement of the pointer. Taking a dial indicator as an example, there are two reference methods for measuring coaxiality: one is a specified reference method, where the centerline of a given shaft on the part is used as the reference to measure the coaxiality of another shaft with the given shaft; the other is a reference method, where the common centerline of the two shafts is used as the reference, and the maximum difference in readings between the centerlines of the two shafts and the common centerline is the coaxiality error. During measurement, the measuring rod of the dial indicator needs to be in contact with the outer wall of the reference shaft and adjusted to zero. The part to be measured is rotated one revolution, and the coaxiality of the two shafts is determined by the dial indicator reading.

[0041] Please see Figure 1 The method for controlling the coaxiality of mechanical transmission components during assembly in this embodiment involves using the measured concentricity of the mating surfaces of transmission component 1 and transmission component 3, with the intermediate housing 2 as a reference, to control the coaxiality of the input shaft 4 of transmission component 1 and the output shaft 5 of transmission component 3. Transmission component 1, transmission component 3, and intermediate housing 2 are arranged along a coaxial direction. Transmission component 1 is a reducer, and transmission component 3 is a motor. Generally, the machining accuracy of the mating dimensions of the reducer and motor with the intermediate housing is not high, while the machining accuracy of the mating dimensions of the mounting surfaces at both ends of the intermediate housing is high.

[0042] In this embodiment, transmission component 1 has a mating mounting surface 3 12, and transmission component 3 has a mating mounting surface 4 13. These two mounting surfaces have low machining accuracy in their mating dimensions. The intermediate housing 2 has mating mounting surfaces 10 and 11 at both ends, which are mating mounting surfaces with high machining accuracy in their mating dimensions. Transmission component 1 is connected to the intermediate housing 2 by a number of bolts 1 6, and transmission component 3 is connected to the intermediate housing 2 by a number of bolts 2 7. The bolts 1 are located in the same circumference and are evenly distributed, and the bolts 2 are located in the same circumference and are evenly distributed. The number of bolts 1 and bolts 2 is the same, and their positions correspond one-to-one. The left side of the intermediate housing 2 has mounting holes for bolts 1 6 corresponding to those of transmission component 1, and the right side of transmission component 1 has mounting holes for bolts 1 1. Similarly, the left side of transmission component 2 has mounting holes for bolts 2 7, and the right side of the intermediate housing 2 has mounting holes for bolts 2 7.

[0043] The coaxiality control method in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0044] Before installation, ensure that all mating surfaces of the transmission components to be installed are clean.

[0045] Because the machining precision of mating mounting surfaces one and two of the intermediate shell is high, the roundness of mating mounting surfaces one and two is well guaranteed.

[0046] Step 1: Using a dial indicator, with the input shaft 4 of transmission component 1 as the reference, measure the concentricity of the mating mounting surface 312 of transmission component 1.

[0047] Step 2: Take the opposite value of the concentricity value measured at different bolt-6 installation positions and record it. The recorded value is the position of the circular surface of the mating mounting surface-10 of the intermediate housing 2 relative to the axis of the input shaft 4 of the transmission component.

[0048] Step 3: Using a dial indicator, with the output shaft 5 of transmission component 2 as the reference, measure the concentricity of the mating mounting surface 13 of transmission component 2.

[0049] Step 4: Record the opposite of the concentricity values ​​measured at different bolt 2 7 installation positions. The recorded value is the position of the circular surface of the mating mounting surface 2 11 of the intermediate housing relative to the axis of the input shaft 5 of the transmission component 2.

[0050] Step 5: Install the transmission component 1 into the intermediate housing 2, tighten the bolt 6, and then, taking the input shaft 4 of the transmission component 1 as a reference, measure the concentricity of the mating mounting surface 11 of the intermediate housing 2 at different bolt 7 installation positions, and record it.

[0051] Step 6: Compare the concentricity value recorded in Step 5 with the opposite number of the concentricity recorded in Step 4, and calculate the difference. If the difference at each bolt 7 position meets the coaxiality requirement, then the transmission component can be removed, and Step 7 can be continued. If the coaxiality does not meet the requirement, then an adjusting shim 9 needs to be added at the corresponding bolt 6 connection position. That is, if the difference at a bolt 7 does not meet the requirement, an adjusting shim 9 is added at the bolt 6 that is symmetrical to the center of the intermediate housing 2 relative to the bolt 7.

[0052] The thickness of the thin shim 9 needs to be determined according to the coaxiality requirements. Refer to the shape of the thin shim 9 for further details. Figure 5 As shown, the adjusting shim-9 has an inner arc-14 that matches the outer diameter of the bolt-6, and an outer arc-15 that matches the outer contour-18 of the corresponding end of the intermediate housing 2.

[0053] See Figure 6 After adding the adjusting shim 9, the concentricity value of the corresponding connecting bolt 7 will increase: BB′1=(DD′1×BC) / CD1, where DD′1 is equal to the thickness of the adjusting shim 9, BC is equal to the axial length of the intermediate housing, and CD1 is equal to the diameter of the distribution circle of the bolt 9. The number of shims 9 at each bolt location is the difference in step 9 divided by BB′1 and rounded down.

[0054] Based on the above calculation method, add adjusting shims 9 until the coaxiality meets the installation requirements. The more bolts installed, the higher the coaxiality accuracy.

[0055] Step 7: Once the coaxiality reaches the required accuracy, record the number of adjusting shims 9 at each bolt-6 connection position. Then, remove the transmission component 1 from the intermediate housing 2.

[0056] Step 8: Install the transmission component 2 3 into the intermediate housing 2, tighten the bolt 1 7, and then, taking the output shaft 5 of the transmission component 2 as a reference, measure the concentricity of the mating mounting surface 10 of the intermediate housing at different bolt 1 6 installation positions, and record it.

[0057] Step 9: Compare the concentricity value recorded in Step 8 with the negative number of the concentricity recorded in Step 2, and calculate the difference;

[0058] If the difference between the positions of each bolt 6 meets the coaxiality requirement, then proceed to step 10; if the coaxiality does not meet the requirement, then an adjusting shim 8 needs to be added at the corresponding bolt 7 connection position. If the difference at a certain bolt 6 does not meet the requirement, an adjusting shim 8 is added at the bolt 7 that is symmetrical to the center of the intermediate shell 2 relative to the bolt 6.

[0059] The thickness of the thin shim 28 needs to be determined according to the coaxiality requirements. Refer to the outline of the thin shim 28 for details. Figure 5As shown, it has an inner arc 3 16 that matches the outer diameter of bolt 2 7, and an outer arc 4 17 that matches the outer contour 2 19 of the corresponding end of the intermediate housing.

[0060] See Figure 6 After adding the second adjusting shim 8, the coaxiality value of the corresponding connecting bolt 6 will increase by: BB′2=(DD′2×BC) / CD2, where DD′2 is equal to the thickness of the second adjusting shim, BC is equal to the axial length of the intermediate housing, and CD2 is equal to the diameter of the distribution circle of the second bolt in the intermediate housing. The number of shims 2 at each bolt 2 is the difference in step 6 divided by BB′2 and rounded down.

[0061] Similarly, add adjusting shims until the coaxiality meets the installation requirements. The more bolts installed, the higher the coaxiality accuracy.

[0062] Step 10: Once the coaxiality reaches the required accuracy, install the transmission component 1 into the intermediate housing 2. Adjust the number of thin shims 1 at each bolt 6 position as recorded in Step 7, restore the adjusting shims 1 to their original positions, and tighten the bolts.

[0063] The coaxiality control method process in this embodiment is described in the following reference. Figure 7 This method solves the problems of low machining accuracy of the two transmission components during the assembly of three parts and large coaxiality assembly error when connecting through the intermediate high-precision shell. It transforms the static reference system in mechanical fit into a dynamic reference system, which saves costs without improving machining accuracy, while being highly operable. By adjusting the mating surfaces of the two parts and the high-precision intermediate part with thin shims, the coaxiality installation accuracy between the parts is improved.

[0064] The technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly of a mechanical transmission system, the transmission system comprising a transmission component one, a transmission component two, and an intermediate housing for connecting the transmission component one and the transmission component two; the transmission component one is provided with a mounting surface three, the transmission component two is provided with a mounting surface four, and the intermediate housing has mounting surfaces one for engaging with mounting surface three and mounting surfaces two for engaging with mounting surface four at both ends; the transmission component one is connected to the intermediate housing by a plurality of bolts one, and the transmission component two is connected to the intermediate housing by a plurality of bolts two; characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Using the shaft center of transmission component one as a reference, measure the concentricity of the mounting surface three of transmission component one at each bolt point; Step 2: Take the opposite value of the concentricity measured in Step 1 and record it; Step 3: Using the shaft center of transmission component two as a reference, measure the concentricity of the mounting surface four of transmission component two corresponding to each bolt two. Step 4: Take the opposite value of the concentricity measured in Step 3 and record it; Step 5: Connect transmission component one to the intermediate housing with bolt one. Using the axis of transmission component one as a reference, measure the concentricity of the mounting surface two of the intermediate housing at each bolt two and record it. Step 6: Compare the concentricity recorded in Step 5 with the opposite of the concentricity recorded in Step 4, calculate the difference. If the difference at all bolts meets the coaxiality requirement, remove transmission component one and continue to Step 7. If the difference does not meet the coaxiality requirement, add an adjusting shim at the corresponding bolt location until the coaxiality requirement is met. Step 7: Record the number of thin washers at each bolt location, and then separate the transmission component from the intermediate housing; Step 8: Connect transmission component two to the intermediate housing using bolt two. Using the axis of transmission component two as a reference, measure the concentricity of the mounting surface one of the intermediate housing corresponding to each bolt and record it. Step 9: Compare the concentricity recorded in Step 8 with the opposite of the concentricity recorded in Step 2, calculate the difference, and if the difference at any point on all bolts meets the concentricity requirement, then continue to Step 10. If the difference does not meet the coaxiality requirement, add adjusting shims two at the corresponding bolt two until the coaxiality requirement is met; Step 10: Connect transmission component one to the intermediate housing according to the number of shims one at each bolt in step 7.

2. The method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly of a mechanical transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several bolts are located within the same circumference, and several bolts are located within the same circumference.

3. The method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly of a mechanical transmission system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of bolts one and bolt two are the same and their positions correspond one-to-one.

4. The method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly of the mechanical transmission system according to claim 3, characterized in that: In steps 6 and 9, the correspondence between bolt one and bolt two is such that they are symmetrical about the center of the intermediate shell.

5. The method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly of a mechanical transmission system according to claim 4, characterized in that: After adding a single thin washer at bolt point 1, the concentricity increase at bolt point 2 is BB′1=(DD′1×BC) / CD1, where DD′1 is the thickness of thin washer 1, BC is the axial length of the intermediate shell, and CD1 is the diameter of the distribution circle where several bolts are located.

6. The method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly of a mechanical transmission system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of thin washers at each bolt location is the difference in step 9 divided by BB′1 and rounded down.

7. The method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly of a mechanical transmission system according to claim 4, characterized in that: After adding a single thin washer at bolt 2, the coaxiality increase at bolt 1 is BB′2=(DD′2×BC) / CD2, where DD′2 is the thickness of the thin washer, BC is the axial length of the intermediate shell, and CD2 is the diameter of the distribution circle of several bolts 2.

8. The method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly of a mechanical transmission system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The number of thin washers at each bolt is the difference in step 6 divided by BB′2 and rounded down.

9. The method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly of a mechanical transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machining accuracy of mounting surface three of transmission component one and mounting surface four of transmission component two is less than that of mounting surface one and mounting surface two of the intermediate shell.

10. The method for controlling coaxiality during the assembly process of the mechanical transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first thin gasket has an inner arc that matches the outer diameter of the first bolt and an outer arc that matches the outer contour of the corresponding end of the intermediate housing. The second thin gasket has an inner arc that matches the outer diameter of the second bolt and an outer arc that matches the outer contour of the corresponding end of the intermediate housing.

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