Control mechanism for mechanically operated excavator working device and excavator

Abstract

The present invention provides a control mechanism and an excavator for a mechanically operated excavator working device, wherein the control mechanism comprises: a hydraulic oil tank; a multi-way valve group comprises a left multi-way valve, a right multi-way valve and a travel multi-way valve; a balancing valve comprises a first oil inlet, a second oil inlet, a first oil outlet and a second oil outlet, and the second oil outlet is respectively connected to the left multi-way valve, the right multi-way valve and the travel multi-way valve by oil circuits; the first oil inlet oil circuit is connected to the first oil outlet, and the oil circuit between the second oil inlet and the second oil outlet is connected when the oil circuit pressure from the first oil inlet to the first oil outlet is greater than a preset value; the rotary valve comprises a third oil inlet and an oil return port, and the oil return port oil circuit is connected to the hydraulic oil tank; the oil inlet end of the main pump is connected to the hydraulic oil tank, and the oil outlet end of the main pump is respectively connected to the first oil inlet, the second oil inlet and the third oil inlet by oil circuits. According to the control mechanism provided by the present invention, when the safety lever is in the locked position, the oil circuit of the working device can be completely cut off to avoid micro-movements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of construction machinery, and particularly to a control mechanism for a working device of a mechanically operated excavator and an excavator. Background Art

[0002] An excavator, also known as excavating machinery, also known as a power shovel, is a construction machine that uses a bucket to excavate materials above or below the machine's surface and load them into transport vehicles or unload them onto a stockpile. Among them, small excavators are mainly used for construction operations in narrow and complex sites. It consists of a chassis, an engine, a hydraulic system, a working device, etc., and has the characteristics of high flexibility, strong adaptability, and simple operation.

[0003] The control methods for the working device of traditional excavators are divided into pilot control and mechanical handle control. The principle of mechanical handle control is that the mechanical handle is directly connected to the valve stem of the multi-way valve, and the movement of the valve stem is controlled by mechanical transmission to achieve the actions of each mechanism of the excavator.

[0004] In the process of implementing the present invention, the inventors found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:

[0005] Such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the control methods for the working device of traditional excavators are divided into pilot control and mechanical handle control. For the excavator with mechanical handle control, the principle of mechanical handle control is that the mechanical handle 11 is directly connected to the valve stem of the multi-way valve 12, and the movement of the valve stem is controlled by mechanical transmission to achieve the actions of each mechanism of the excavator. A rotary valve 13 is used as a safety lock. The safety lever 14 and the rotary valve 13 are meshed and driven through a gear 15. By rotating the safety lever, the opening and closing of the rotary valve switch are controlled. Theoretically, when the safety lever is in the locked position, the internal oil circuit P - A of the rotary valve is in the closed state, and the oil circuit between the rotary valve and the multi-way valve is blocked. At this time, when the mechanical handle is operated, the working device will not move; when the safety lever is in the unlocked state, the internal oil circuit P - A of the rotary valve is in the open state, and the oil circuit between the rotary valve and the multi-way valve forms a passage. At this time, the working device can be controlled by operating the mechanical handle. However, due to various uncontrollable reasons such as machining errors of structural parts such as gears, gaps during the assembly of each component, and poor sealing of the rotary valve, even when the safety lever is in the locked position, there is still hydraulic oil circulation in the oil circuit between the rotary valve and the multi-way valve. At this time, when the handle is operated, the working device such as the boom and the bucket will still have micro-movements, posing potential safety hazards.

[0006] Therefore, a control mechanism for a working device of a mechanically operated excavator and an excavator are needed to at least partially solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides a control mechanism for a working device of a mechanical operation type excavator and an excavator, which can completely cut off the oil circuit of the working device when the safety rod is in the locked position, avoiding micro-operations of the working device.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a control mechanism for a working device of a mechanical operation type excavator, and the control mechanism includes:

[0009] A hydraulic oil tank;

[0010] A multi-way valve group, including a left multi-way valve, a right multi-way valve, and a travel multi-way valve;

[0011] A balance valve, the balance valve has a first oil inlet, a second oil inlet, a first oil outlet, and a second oil outlet, and the second oil outlet is respectively oil-circuit connected to the oil inlets of the left multi-way valve, the right multi-way valve, and the travel multi-way valve; wherein, the first oil inlet is oil-circuit connected to the first oil outlet, and when the oil circuit pressure between the first oil inlet and the first oil outlet is greater than a preset value, the oil circuit between the second oil inlet and the second oil outlet is conducted;

[0012] A rotary valve connected to the safety rod, the rotary valve has a third oil inlet and an oil return port, and the oil return port is oil-circuit connected to the hydraulic oil tank; wherein, the safety rod is used to control the opening and closing of the rotary valve switch; and

[0013] A main pump, the inlet end of the main pump is connected to the hydraulic oil tank, and the outlet end of the main pump is respectively oil-circuit connected to the first oil inlet, the second oil inlet, and the third oil inlet;

[0014] Wherein, when the safety rod is in the locked position, the oil circuit between the third oil inlet and the oil return port of the rotary valve is connected, and when the safety rod is in the unlocked position, the oil circuit between the third oil inlet and the oil return port of the rotary valve is not connected.

[0015] According to the control mechanism of the present invention, when the safety bar is in the locked position, the oil passage between the third oil inlet and the oil return port of the rotary valve is connected at this time. Although the hydraulic oil pumped by the main pump is connected to the third oil inlet of the rotary valve, the first oil inlet of the balance valve, and the second oil inlet at the same time, the oil passage pressure between the first oil inlet and the first oil outlet does not reach the preset value at this time. Under the action of the internal spring of the balance valve, the oil passage between the second oil inlet and the second oil outlet is blocked. Therefore, the hydraulic oil will directly flow back to the hydraulic oil tank through the rotary valve. At this time, the oil passage leading to the multi-way valve group is completely cut off. Even if the operating handle is manipulated, the working device will not have micro-movements. When the safety bar is in the unlocked position, the oil passage between the third oil inlet and the oil return port of the rotary valve is closed at this time. The hydraulic oil pumped by the main pump will not flow back to the hydraulic oil tank through the rotary valve. And when the oil passage pressure between the first oil inlet and the first oil outlet rises to the preset value, the internal spring of the balance valve is pushed open. At this time, the oil passage between the second oil inlet and the second oil outlet is conducted, and the hydraulic oil will supply oil to each multi-way valve in the multi-way valve group through the second oil outlet of the balance valve. At this time, when the operating handle is manipulated, the operation of the working device of the excavator can be controlled.

[0016] Optionally, the left multi-way valve, the right multi-way valve, the travel multi-way valve, and / or the main pump are also connected to the hydraulic oil tank via an oil return pipeline.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides an excavator, which includes the control mechanism described in the above technical solution.

[0018] According to the excavator of the present invention, through the control mechanism provided therein, when the safety bar is in the locked position, the oil passage of the working device can be completely cut off, avoiding micro-movements of the working device, and improving the use safety of the excavator.

[0019] The beneficial effects that can be obtained by using the technical solution according to the embodiments of the present invention are at least as follows:

[0020] The control mechanism of the present invention uses a combination of a rotary valve and a balance valve as a safety switch. When the safety bar is in the locked state, the oil passages of each working multi-way valve are completely cut off. When the operating handle is manipulated in this state, the working device of the excavator will not have micro-movements. The control mechanism of the present invention has a simple structure but good use effects.

[0021] The additional advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be partially described below, and will become partially obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after studying the following text, or can be learned from the practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained by the structures specifically pointed out in the specification and the drawings.

[0022] Those skilled in the art will understand that the objectives and advantages achievable by the present invention are not limited to those specifically described above, and the above and other objectives achievable by the present invention will be more clearly understood according to the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, form a part of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, but are only for showing the principles of the present invention. For the convenience of showing and describing some parts of the present invention, the corresponding parts in the drawings may be enlarged, that is, may become larger relative to other components in the exemplary device actually manufactured according to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic connection diagram between a mechanical handle, a multi-way valve, a rotary valve, and a safety lever in an existing excavator controlled by a mechanical handle;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic oil circuit connection diagram of a part of the structure in an existing excavator controlled by a mechanical handle;

[0026] Figure 3 is an overall schematic diagram of a control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a balance valve in a control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS:

[0029] 11, mechanical handle; 12, multi-way valve; 13, rotary valve; 14, safety lever; 15, gear;

[0030] 100, control mechanism;

[0031] 110, hydraulic oil tank;

[0032] 121, left multi-way valve; 122, right multi-way valve; 123, travel multi-way valve;

[0033] 130, balance valve; 131, first oil inlet; 132, second oil inlet; 133, first oil outlet; 134, second oil outlet;

[0034] 140, rotary valve; 141, third oil inlet; 142, oil return port;

[0035] 150, main pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0036] By referring to the exemplary embodiments, the purposes and functions of the present invention and the methods for achieving these purposes and functions will be explained. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed below; it can be implemented in different forms. The essence of the description is only to help those skilled in the relevant art to comprehensively understand the specific details of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or their combinations.

[0038] Ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" cited in the present invention are merely identifiers and do not have any other meanings, such as a specific order, etc. Moreover, for example, the term "first component" itself does not imply the existence of the "second component", and the term "second component" itself does not imply the existence of the "first component".

[0039] It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside" and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting.

[0040] The present invention provides a control mechanism 100 for a mechanically operated excavator working device. The control mechanism 100 can be applied to the field of engineering machinery, such as an excavator, to solve the problem of potential safety hazards caused by micro-movement of the operating handle working device when the safety lever of the existing excavator is in the locked position.

[0041] Excavators generally include chassis (travel mechanism), engine, hydraulic system and working device, and small excavators are more flexible, adaptable and easy to operate. The traditional control methods of the working device of excavators are pilot control and mechanical handle control. Among them, the excavator controlled by the mechanical handle has a variety of uncontrollable reasons, such as machining errors of structural parts such as gears, clearances during assembly of various components and loose sealing of rotary valves. When the safety lever is in the locked position, there is still hydraulic oil circulation in the rotary valve-multi-way valve oil circuit. At this time, when the handle is operated, the working devices such as the dipper arm and bucket will still have micro-movements, posing potential safety hazards.

[0042] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a control mechanism 100 for a mechanically operated excavator working device. In a preferred embodiment, referenceFigure 3 and Figure 4 , where Figure 3 is an overall schematic diagram of a control mechanism 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a balancing valve 130 in a control mechanism 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] The control mechanism 100 includes a hydraulic oil tank 110, a multi-way valve group, a main pump 150, a rotary valve 140 and a balance valve 130. The hydraulic oil tank 110, the multi-way valve group and the main valve are existing components in the excavator. The balance valve 130 can change the on-off of the oil circuit in the balance valve 130 according to the open and closed state of the rotary valve 140, thereby realizing the on-off of the oil circuit with the excavator working device.

[0044] Specifically, the hydraulic oil tank 110 is an existing device of the excavator and is used to store hydraulic oil. The hydraulic oil tank 110 is connected to the main pump 150, and the main pump 150 delivers the hydraulic oil to other devices.

[0045] The multi-way valve group includes a left multi-way valve 121, a right multi-way valve 122 and a travel multi-way valve 123. The left multi-way valve 121 can control the boom, the right multi-way valve 122 can control the boom, and the travel multi-way valve 123 can control the left and right travel mechanisms (crawler or wheeled).

[0046] The balancing valve 130 has a first oil inlet 131 (C1), a second oil inlet 132 (C2), a first oil outlet 133 (V1) and a second oil outlet 134 (V2). The second oil outlet 134 (V2) is respectively connected to the oil inlets P of the left multi-way valve 121, the right multi-way valve 122 and the travel multi-way valve 123 through the oil circuit, so as to realize the oil supply to the left multi-way valve 121, the right multi-way valve 122 and the travel multi-way valve 123 through the second oil outlet 134 (V2). Among them, the first oil inlet 131 (C1) is connected to the first oil outlet 133 (V1) through the oil circuit. The first oil outlet 133 (V1) can be in a closed state and not connected to other structures. When the oil pressure from the first oil inlet 131 (C1) to the first oil outlet 133 (V1) is greater than a preset value, the oil path between the second oil inlet 132C2 and the second oil outlet 134V2 is open.

[0047] The preset value may be 30 bar (bar) or other reasonable values.

[0048] ​The rotary valve 140 has a third oil inlet 141 (P) and an oil return port 142 (T). The oil return port 142 (T) is oil-way connected to the hydraulic oil tank 110. The rotary valve 140 is connected to a safety rod, and the specific connection manner between the safety rod and the rotary valve 140 adopts the prior art and is not an innovation point of the present invention, so it will not be elaborated here. The safety rod can control the opening and closing of the rotary valve 140, that is, when the safety rod is in the locked position, the oil way between the third oil inlet 141 and the oil return port 142 of the rotary valve 140 is connected. When the safety rod is in the unlocked position, the oil way between the third oil inlet 141 and the oil return port 142 of the rotary valve 140 is not connected.

[0049] The oil inlet end of the main pump 150 is connected to the hydraulic oil tank 110. The oil outlet end (high-pressure oil port) of the main pump 150 is respectively oil-way connected to the first oil inlet 131, the second oil inlet 132, and the third oil inlet 141.

[0050] When the control mechanism 100 of the present invention works, when the safety rod is in the locked position, the oil way between the third oil inlet 141 and the oil return port 142 of this rotary valve 140 is connected (that is, the internal oil way P~T of the rotary valve 140 is a passage). Although the hydraulic oil pumped out by the main pump 150 is simultaneously connected to the third oil inlet 141 of the rotary valve 140 and the first oil inlet 131C1 and the second oil inlet 132C2 of the balance valve 130, at this time, the oil way pressure between the first oil inlet 131C1 and the first oil outlet 133V1 does not reach the preset value (for example, 30 bar). Under the action of the internal spring of the balance valve 130, the oil way between the second oil inlet 132C2 and the second oil outlet 134V2 is not connected. Therefore, the hydraulic oil will directly flow back to the hydraulic oil tank 110 through the rotary valve 140. At this time, the oil way leading to the multi-way valve group is completely cut off, and even if the operation handle is manipulated, the working device will not have micro-movements.

[0051] When the safety rod is in the unlocked position, at this time, the oil way between the third oil inlet 141 and the oil return port 142 of the rotary valve 140 is closed, and the hydraulic oil pumped out by the main pump 150 will not flow back to the hydraulic oil tank 110 through the rotary valve 140. And when the oil way pressure between the first oil inlet 131C1 and the first oil outlet 133V1 rises to the preset value, the internal spring of the balance valve 130 is pushed open. At this time, the oil way between the second oil inlet 132C2 and the second oil outlet 134V2 is conducted, and the hydraulic oil will supply oil to each multi-way valve in the multi-way valve group through the second oil outlet 134V2 of the balance valve 130. At this time, when the operation handle is manipulated, the working device of the excavator can be controlled to operate.

[0052] According to the control mechanism 100 of the present invention, by using the combination of the rotary valve 140 and the balance valve 130 as a safety switch, when the safety lever is in the locked state, the oil circuits of each working multi-way valve are completely cut off. In this state, when the operating handle is manipulated, there will be no micro-movement of the excavator working device. The structure is simple but the use effect is good.

[0053] In order to return the hydraulic oil, the left multi-way valve 121, the right multi-way valve 122, the travel multi-way valve 123 and the main pump 150 are also connected to the hydraulic oil tank 110 via an oil return pipeline.

[0054] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides an excavator (not shown) including the control mechanism 100 of the above embodiment. First of all, the excavator includes all the features and technical effects of the control mechanism 100 of the above embodiment, which will not be elaborated additionally here.

[0055] An excavator, also known as excavating machinery, also known as a power shovel, is an earthmoving machine that uses a bucket to excavate materials above or below the machine's bearing surface and load them into transport vehicles or unload them onto a stockpile. Common excavators are divided into two types according to the driving method: internal combustion engine-driven excavators and electric-driven excavators. Among them, electric excavators are mainly used in places with high altitude hypoxia, underground mines and other flammable and explosive places. According to the different scales, excavators can be divided into large excavators, medium excavators and small excavators. According to the different walking methods, excavators can be divided into crawler excavators and wheeled excavators. According to the different transmission methods, excavators can be divided into hydraulic excavators and mechanical excavators. Mechanical excavators are mainly used in some large mines. According to the uses, excavators can be divided into different categories such as general excavators, mining excavators, marine excavators, special excavators, etc. According to the buckets, excavators can be divided into front shovel excavators, backhoe excavators, dragline excavators and clamshell excavators. Front shovel excavators are mostly used to excavate materials above the ground surface, and backhoe excavators are mostly used to excavate materials below the ground surface.

[0056] According to the excavator of the present invention, through the provided control mechanism 100, when the safety lever is in the locked position, the oil circuit of the working device can be completely cut off, avoiding micro-movement of the working device and improving the use safety of the excavator.

[0057] Combined with the description and practice of the present invention disclosed here, other embodiments of the present invention are easy to think of and understand for those skilled in the art. The description and embodiments are only considered to be exemplary, and the true scope and gist of the present invention are defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A control mechanism for a mechanically operated excavator working device, characterized in that: The control mechanism is used to perform mechanical handle control on the working device, and includes: Hydraulic oil tank; A multi-way valve group, including a left multi-way valve, a right multi-way valve and a travel multi-way valve; A balancing valve, the balancing valve having a first oil inlet, a second oil inlet, a first oil outlet and a second oil outlet, the second oil outlet being respectively connected to the oil inlets of the left multi-way valve, the right multi-way valve and the travel multi-way valve; wherein the first oil inlet is connected to the first oil outlet, the first oil outlet is in a closed state, and when the oil pressure of the first oil inlet connected to the first oil outlet is greater than a preset value, the oil circuit between the second oil inlet and the second oil outlet is connected; A rotary valve connected to the safety rod, the rotary valve having a third oil inlet and an oil return port, the oil return port oil circuit being connected to the hydraulic oil tank; wherein the safety rod is used to control the opening and closing of the rotary valve switch; and A main pump, wherein the oil inlet of the main pump is connected to the hydraulic oil tank, and the oil outlet of the main pump is connected to the first oil inlet, the second oil inlet and the third oil inlet respectively; Among them, when the safety lever is in the locked position, the oil circuit between the third oil inlet and the oil return port of the rotary valve is connected, the hydraulic oil pumped out by the main pump flows back to the hydraulic oil tank through the rotary valve, and the oil circuit between the second oil inlet and the second oil outlet is blocked; when the safety lever is in the unlocked position, the oil circuit between the third oil inlet and the oil return port of the rotary valve is not connected, and the hydraulic oil pumped out by the main pump supplies oil to each multi-way valve in the multi-way valve group through the second oil outlet of the balancing valve.

2. The control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left multi-way valve, the right multi-way valve, the travel multi-way valve and / or the main pump are also connected to the hydraulic oil tank via an oil return pipeline.

3. The control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset value is 30 bar.

4. An excavator, characterized in that: The excavator comprises the control mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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