A method and system for analyzing energy loss of SDBD ion wind engine

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and system for analyzing the energy loss of an SDBD ion wind engine, relating to the field of ion wind engines. The analysis method equates the energy loss in the SDBD ion wind engine to circuit energy loss, constructs a solid dielectric equivalent circuit and a double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit, calculates the equivalent circuit parameters of the solid dielectric and the discharge plasma region under an alternating electric field, analyzes the variation pattern of the parameters of each equivalent electrical component with voltage, and quantifies the losses of each part of the ion wind engine. This method is of great significance for studying plasma macroscopic discharge and the electrical loss characteristics of the engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ion wind engines, and in particular to an analysis method and system for energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine. Background Art

[0002] Under the influence of high voltage, gases undergo collisional ionization, producing charged particles. These particles are accelerated by the electric field and collide with air molecules, causing momentum exchange. This macroscopically manifests as fluid motion, known as "ionic wind." Ionic wind has become a hot topic of research due to its advantages, including low noise, low power consumption, fast response, and lack of mechanical moving parts. In the field of propulsion, ionic wind can control boundary layer fluids and suppress airflow separation around wings, thereby reducing air resistance during flight and enhancing lift.

[0003] Ion wind is a type of gas discharge phenomenon, which is mainly generated by corona discharge and surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD). Compared with other discharge forms, the surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma excitation device has many advantages such as simple structure, good robustness and wide excitation bandwidth.

[0004] In response to the application needs of ion wind engines in atmospheric and low-pressure environments, researchers at home and abroad have carried out extensive research work from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. In theoretical exploration, researchers used a one-dimensional model to estimate that the ion wind effect's electro-kinetic energy conversion efficiency could reach up to 20%. They also demonstrated the attenuation trend of the ion wind effect ion engine's performance as the flight altitude increases. When the altitude increases from 0 (atmospheric pressure environment) to 20km (about 5000Pa), the thrust-to-power ratio drops by about 80%. Some researchers also used simulation methods to evaluate that a single-needle ion wind effect ion engine under low-pressure conditions can only reach 100nN, further exposing the core contradiction of the low electro-kinetic energy conversion efficiency of the Biefeld-Brown effect.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can explore the energy loss path of the surface dielectric barrier discharge ion wind ion engine, quantify the loss proportion of each energy conversion path, and clarify the engine energy loss mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an analysis method and system for the energy loss of an SDBD ion wind engine, which can explore the energy loss path of the surface dielectric barrier discharge ion wind ion engine, establish an ion engine electric-kinetic energy conversion model, quantify the loss proportion of each energy conversion path, clarify the engine energy loss mechanism, and provide a theoretical basis and guidance for improving the electric-kinetic energy conversion efficiency and power performance of the ion wind engine.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for analyzing energy loss of an SDBD ion wind engine, comprising:

[0009] Constructing a solid dielectric equivalent circuit under an alternating electric field, wherein the solid dielectric equivalent circuit includes a power supply, a first equivalent resistor, and a first equivalent capacitor connected in parallel, the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent resistor represents the conductivity loss of the solid dielectric in the SDBD ion wind engine device under the alternating electric field, and the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent capacitor represents the relaxation polarization loss of the solid dielectric under the alternating electric field;

[0010] collecting a first total voltage, a first total current, an initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the first total current of the solid dielectric equivalent circuit;

[0011] Calculating the first equivalent resistance, the first equivalent capacitance, and solid dielectric loss respectively according to the first total voltage, the first total current, an initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the first total current;

[0012] Constructing a double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit, wherein the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit includes the solid dielectric equivalent circuit and the discharge plasma region equivalent circuit, the discharge plasma region equivalent circuit is connected in parallel to the first equivalent capacitor, the discharge plasma region equivalent circuit includes a first resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, the first resistor is connected in parallel to the first capacitor and then connected in series with the second capacitor, the first resistor represents the resistance between the upper electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device and the virtual electrode formed by the accumulation of ion space charge, the first capacitor represents the capacitance between the upper electrode and the virtual electrode, and the second capacitor represents the capacitance between the virtual electrode and the lower electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device;

[0013] collecting a second total voltage, a second total current, an initial phase angle of the second total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the second total current of the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit;

[0014] The discharge plasma region loss is calculated according to the second total voltage, the second total current, the initial phase angle of the second total voltage, the initial phase angle of the second total current, the first equivalent resistance, and the first equivalent capacitance.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an analysis system for energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine, comprising:

[0016] A first construction module is used to construct a solid dielectric equivalent circuit under an alternating electric field, wherein the solid dielectric equivalent circuit includes a power supply, a first equivalent resistor, and a first equivalent capacitor connected in parallel, the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent resistor represents the conductivity loss of the solid dielectric in the SDBD ion wind engine device under the alternating electric field, and the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent capacitor represents the relaxation polarization loss of the solid dielectric under the alternating electric field;

[0017] a first acquisition module, configured to acquire a first total voltage, a first total current, an initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the first total current of the solid dielectric equivalent circuit;

[0018] a solid dielectric parameter calculation module, configured to calculate the first equivalent resistance, the first equivalent capacitance, and solid dielectric loss, respectively, based on the first total voltage, the first total current, an initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the first total current;

[0019] A second construction module is used to construct a double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit, wherein the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit includes the solid dielectric equivalent circuit and the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit, the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit is connected in parallel to the first equivalent capacitor, and the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit includes a first resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, the first resistor is connected in parallel with the first capacitor and then connected in series with the second capacitor, the first resistor represents the resistance between the upper electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device and the virtual electrode formed by the accumulation of ion space charge, the first capacitor represents the capacitance between the upper electrode and the virtual electrode, and the second capacitor represents the capacitance between the virtual electrode and the lower electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device;

[0020] a second acquisition module, configured to acquire a second total voltage, a second total current, an initial phase angle of the second total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the second total current of the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit;

[0021] The discharge plasma zone parameter calculation module is used to calculate the discharge plasma zone loss based on the second total voltage, the second total current, the initial phase angle of the second total voltage, the initial phase angle of the second total current, the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance.

[0022] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0023] The present invention provides a method and system for analyzing the energy loss of an SDBD ion wind engine. The analysis method includes constructing a solid dielectric equivalent circuit and a double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit, and respectively calculating the equivalent circuit parameters of the solid dielectric and the discharge plasma region under an alternating electric field. The method analyzes the variation pattern of the parameters of each equivalent electrical component with voltage, and quantifies the losses of each part of the ion wind engine. This method is of great significance for studying the macroscopic discharge of plasma and the electrical loss characteristics of the engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an SDBD ion wind engine device in a method for analyzing energy loss of an SDBD ion wind engine provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the theoretical change trend of the electric-kinetic energy conversion of the ion wind engine in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for analyzing energy loss of an SDBD ion wind engine provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first equivalent circuit of the solid dielectric in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the solid dielectric equivalent circuit in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 : is the AC signal phase diagram of the solid dielectric in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] FIG8( a ) is a schematic structural diagram of an SDBD equivalent circuit in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] FIG8( b ) is a schematic structural diagram of the simplest equivalent circuit of the SDBD in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] FIG8( c ) is a phase diagram of the simplest equivalent circuit of the SDBD in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a voltage-charge curve diagram when the plasma engine is operating in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a flow chart for analyzing the solid dielectric portion in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a flow chart of the analysis of the discharge plasma zone in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of an analysis system for energy loss of an SDBD ion wind engine provided in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an analysis method and system for the energy loss of an SDBD ion wind engine, which can explore the energy loss path of the surface dielectric barrier discharge ion wind ion engine, establish an ion engine electric-kinetic energy conversion model, quantify the loss proportion of each energy conversion path, clarify the engine energy loss mechanism, and provide a theoretical basis and guidance for improving the electric-kinetic energy conversion efficiency and power performance of the ion wind engine.

[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 1, the SDBD device consists of two electrodes and an insulating dielectric plate. One electrode, called the exposed electrode, is exposed in air, while the other, called the encapsulated electrode, is encapsulated in the insulating dielectric. The two electrodes are asymmetrically positioned on either side of the insulating dielectric. When a sinusoidal AC excitation voltage is applied to the exposed electrode, a strong electric field forms between the two electrodes. Charged particles undergo directed motion under the influence of the electric field and collide with surrounding neutral particles, forming an induced airflow directed from the exposed electrode toward the encapsulated electrode.

[0044] In 2018, the ionic wind effect-based "Ion Wind Plane" published in NATURE was considered a groundbreaking breakthrough comparable to the Wright brothers', strongly demonstrating the feasibility of ionic wind propulsion. The aircraft, utilizing a multi-stage wire-wing structure and powered by 40kV, achieved an average speed of 4.8m / s, a flight altitude of 2m, and a continuous flight time of 12 seconds, achieving a historic flight distance of 55m. Researchers noted that further technological improvements in EAD (Electroaerodynamics) propulsion are needed to increase overall efficiency. For ionic wind propulsion devices, improving energy conversion efficiency is key to achieving propulsion applications.

[0045] To meet the application needs of ion wind engines in atmospheric and low-pressure environments, researchers at home and abroad have conducted extensive research from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. In theoretical exploration, researchers used a one-dimensional model to estimate that the electro-kinetic energy conversion efficiency of the ion wind effect can reach up to 20%. They also demonstrated the performance degradation trend of ion wind effect ion engines with increasing flight altitude. When the altitude increases from 0 (atmospheric pressure environment) to 20km (about 5000Pa), the thrust-to-power ratio decreases by about 80%. Other researchers have used simulation methods to evaluate that a single-needle ion wind effect ion engine under low-pressure conditions can only achieve 100nN, further exposing the core contradiction of the low electro-kinetic energy conversion efficiency of the Biefeld-Brown effect.

[0046] Therefore, this embodiment provides an analysis method for the energy loss of an SDBD ion wind engine, explores the energy loss path of a surface dielectric barrier discharge ion wind ion engine, establishes an ion engine electro-kinetic energy conversion model, quantifies the loss proportion of each energy conversion path, clarifies the engine energy loss mechanism, and provides a theoretical basis and guidance for improving the electro-kinetic energy conversion efficiency and power performance of the ion wind engine.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, the analysis method includes:

[0048] S1: Construct a solid dielectric equivalent circuit under an alternating electric field, wherein the solid dielectric equivalent circuit includes a power supply, a first equivalent resistor and a first equivalent capacitor connected in parallel in sequence, the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent resistor represents the conductivity loss of the solid dielectric in the SDBD ion wind engine device under the alternating electric field, and the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent capacitor represents the relaxation polarization loss of the solid dielectric under the alternating electric field.

[0049] Solid dielectrics experience not only conductivity losses but also relaxation polarization losses under an alternating electric field. This means that in addition to resistance, solid dielectrics also undergo polarization reactions under the action of an external electric field, which manifests macroscopically as capacitance. Therefore, solid dielectrics can be characterized electrically using resistance and capacitance. Therefore, this embodiment uses resistance and capacitance to establish a lumped parameter circuit model of solid dielectrics under an alternating electric field, also known as a solid dielectric equivalent circuit. This solid dielectric equivalent circuit allows for a more intuitive study of the energy loss of solid insulating media under an alternating electric field, and allows for the quantitative calculation of solid dielectric losses due to different mechanisms.

[0050] In order to prevent gas discharge under high-voltage AC electric field, the upper and lower electrodes of the SDBD device were covered with double layers of insulating high-temperature tape, and the SDBD device was placed in a vacuum tank of 0.01 Pa.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, the first equivalent circuit of the solid dielectric is established, which includes a power supply AC, an AC conduction resistor R connected in parallel. S1 , instantaneous charging capacitor C S1 , Relaxation polarization capacitance C S2 and the relaxation polarization resistance R S2 ,i R is the alternating current, i ∞ is the instantaneous charging current, i aq is the reactive component of the relaxation polarization current, i ap is the active component of the relaxation polarization current.

[0052] The relaxation polarization current expression of a solid dielectric under an alternating electric field is:

[0053] I a (t) = I ap e jωt +jI aq e jωt (1);

[0054] Among them, I ap is the active component of the relaxation polarization absorption current (the part that produces dielectric loss), I aq is the reactive component of the relaxation polarization absorption current (no dielectric loss occurs), e jωt It is the expression of Euler's formula, and its expanded form is: e jωt =cosωt+jsinωt, ω represents the angular frequency, and its relationship with the voltage frequency is ω=2πf (f is the voltage frequency);

[0055] According to the equivalence principle, Figure 4 The first equivalent circuit of the solid dielectric in the equivalent analysis is performed, and the AC conductivity resistance R S1 and the relaxation polarization resistance R S2Connect in series to get the first equivalent resistance R Seq , the instantaneous charging capacitor C S1 and the relaxation polarization capacitance C S2 Connect in series to obtain the first equivalent capacitance C Seq , and then get Figure 5 The solid dielectric equivalent circuit shown is Figure 5 in is the total current passing through the solid dielectric (i.e. the first effective current value I mentioned below). 1RMS ), is the active component of the equivalent current, is the reactive component of the equivalent current.

[0056] S2: Collecting a first total voltage, a first total current, an initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the first total current of the solid dielectric equivalent circuit.

[0057] An oscilloscope is used to measure and obtain time domain signals of a first total voltage and a first total current of the solid dielectric equivalent circuit.

[0058] The externally applied sinusoidal high voltage signal (i.e., the first total voltage) is expressed as:

[0059]

[0060] The first total current is expressed as:

[0061]

[0062] In formula (2) and formula (3), is the first total voltage, U 1RMS is the effective value of the first voltage, α is the initial phase angle of the first total voltage, is the first total current, I 1RMS is the effective value of the first current, and β is the initial phase angle of the first total current.

[0063] S3: Calculate the first equivalent resistance, the first equivalent capacitance, and solid dielectric loss respectively according to the first total voltage, the first total current, the initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and the initial phase angle of the first total current.

[0064] In order to clarify the solid electrical parameter characteristics of the equivalent circuit, it is necessary to calculate the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance. At the same time, the calculation of the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance prepares for the next step of time constant calculation.

[0065] The specific calculation process of the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance includes:

[0066] (1) Calculating a first voltage effective value according to the first total voltage and an initial phase angle of the first total voltage.

[0067] (2) Calculating a first current effective value according to the first total current and an initial phase angle of the first total current.

[0068] (3) Calculating a first voltage-current phase difference according to an initial phase angle of the first total voltage and an initial phase angle of the first total current. Figure 6 In the AC signal phase diagram of the solid dielectric shown, is the first voltage-current phase difference, and the size of the angle is calculated from the time curve of voltage and current.

[0069]

[0070] (4) Calculating the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance respectively according to the first voltage effective value, the first current effective value, and the first voltage-current phase difference.

[0071] The expression of the first equivalent resistance is:

[0072]

[0073] The expression of the first equivalent capacitance is:

[0074]

[0075] The solid dielectric loss includes the conductivity loss and the relaxation polarization loss. The specific calculation process of the solid dielectric loss includes:

[0076] (a) Calculating the conduction loss based on the first voltage effective value, the first current effective value, and the first voltage-current phase difference.

[0077] The calculation formula of the conduction loss is:

[0078] P S =U 1RMS I Rseq (7);

[0079] Among them, P S is the conduction loss, U 1RMS is the effective value of the first voltage, I Rseq is the active component (effective value) of the equivalent current, which is determined based on the effective value of the first current and the first voltage-current phase difference, and is expressed as follows:

[0080]

[0081] (b) calculating relaxation polarization loss based on a contact area between the upper electrode and the solid dielectric, an effective distance between the upper electrode and the lower electrode along the electric field direction, the first effective value of the voltage, the first equivalent resistance, and the first equivalent capacitance.

[0082] Specifically, (b1) calculating the time constant according to the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance:

[0083] τ=R Seq ·C Seq (9);

[0084] (b2) Calculate the equivalent conductivity of relaxation polarization loss based on the time constant:

[0085]

[0086] In formula (10), ω is the angular frequency of the alternating voltage, τ is the time constant of the circuit, and ε0 is the dielectric constant of vacuum, ε0 = 8.85 × 10 -12 F / m; ε S is the steady-state relative dielectric constant, that is, the dielectric constant corresponding to the applied voltage frequency f = 0, which can be obtained by broadband dielectric spectrum measurement; ε ∞ It is the relative dielectric constant at optical frequency and can be used to test dielectric materials using a refractometer.

[0087] (b3) Calculating the relaxation polarization loss based on the contact area between the upper electrode and the solid dielectric, the effective distance between the upper electrode and the lower electrode along the electric field direction, the effective value of the first voltage, and the equivalent conductivity:

[0088]

[0089] In formula (11), P g is the relaxation polarization loss, U 1RMS is the effective value of the first voltage, d is the effective distance between the upper electrode and the lower electrode along the electric field direction, g is the equivalent conductivity of the relaxation polarization loss, and S is the contact area between the upper electrode and the solid dielectric.

[0090] After obtaining the equivalent circuit model and electrical component parameter expression of the solid dielectric under the alternating electric field, as well as the solid dielectric loss, the "solid dielectric" is combined with the "discharge plasma region" to construct a "double-layer composite dielectric lumped parameter topological structure model", which is referred to as the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit below.

[0091] S4: Construct a double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit, wherein the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit includes the solid dielectric equivalent circuit and the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit, the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit is connected in parallel to the first equivalent capacitor, and the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit includes a first resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor. The first resistor is connected in parallel with the first capacitor and then connected in series with the second capacitor. The first resistor represents the resistance between the upper electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device and the virtual electrode formed by the accumulation of ion space charge, the first capacitor represents the capacitance between the upper electrode and the virtual electrode, and the second capacitor represents the capacitance between the virtual electrode and the lower electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device.

[0092] Treating plasma as a special "dielectric," and fully considering the influence of solid dielectrics on the SDBD, a novel lumped parameter circuit model of the AC SDBD is constructed based on the circuit topology. Following the principle of reductionism, the complex internal physical processes are represented by a relatively simple macroscopic representation, and the relevant internal physical information is then obtained from the macroscopic calculation results. During the modeling process, a time-averaged method is used to calculate the internal parameters of the equivalent circuit, ignoring the parameter tensor distribution caused by microscopic electromagnetic perturbations within the plasma. This method allows for a more intuitive assessment of the influence of the solid dielectric on the entire interaction process.

[0093] like Figure 7 The double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit shown in the figure includes the solid dielectric equivalent circuit part on the left (the first equivalent resistance R Seq and the first equivalent capacitance C Seq ), and the equivalent circuit part of the discharge plasma zone on the right, the equivalent circuit part of the discharge plasma zone includes a first resistor R1, a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2, the first resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1 and then connected in series with the second capacitor C2.

[0094] The equivalent impedance Z of the plasma region Peq It can be expressed as:

[0095]

[0096] It should be noted that the mathematical expression of the equivalent impedance of formula (12) is based on Figure 7The circuit structure is obtained, that is, the resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1, and then the capacitor C2 is connected in series; its function is: through further mathematical deduction of formula (12), formula (13) is obtained, and through analysis of the structure of formula (13), formulas (14) and (15) are the numerator and denominator of formula (13) respectively, and formula (15) is the parallel combination of formula (14) and formula (16); that is, we find that formula (13) can be split into a parallel connection of a resistor and a capacitor, and reverse deduction is used to obtain the equivalent resistance and capacitance constituting formula (13), that is, the equivalent resistance and capacitance in the discharge plasma region, that is, formulas (14) and (16);

[0097] Equivalent resistance of plasma region R Peq Equivalent capacitance C of plasma region Peq , specifically:

[0098]

[0099]

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] From the structure of formula (13), it can be seen that the equivalent impedance of the plasma region can be considered as the parallel connection of resistance and capacitance, so it can be Figure 7 The double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit shown in FIG8 is further equivalent to obtain the SDBD equivalent circuit shown in FIG8(a). The two resistors in FIG8(a) are connected in series, and the two capacitors in FIG8(a) are connected in series to obtain the simplest equivalent circuit diagram of SDBD shown in FIG8(b). FIG8(c) is a phase diagram of the simplest equivalent circuit diagram of SDBD.

[0103] S5: collecting a second total voltage, a second total current, an initial phase angle of the second total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the second total current of the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit.

[0104] S6: According to the simplest equivalent circuit diagram of SDBD shown in Figure 8(b), the discharge plasma zone loss is calculated based on the second total voltage, the second total current, the initial phase angle of the second total voltage, the initial phase angle of the second total current, the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance.

[0105] The specific calculation process of the discharge plasma zone loss includes:

[0106] S61: Calculate a second voltage effective value according to the second total voltage and an initial phase angle of the second total voltage.

[0107] S62: Calculate a second current effective value according to the second total current and the initial phase angle of the second total current.

[0108] S63: Calculating the overall equivalent resistance and the overall equivalent capacitance of the engine according to the second voltage effective value, the second current effective value, and the second voltage-current phase difference;

[0109] S64: Calculating the discharge plasma region equivalent resistance based on the overall engine equivalent resistance and the first equivalent resistance.

[0110] S65: Calculating the loss of the discharge plasma region according to the effective value of the second voltage and the equivalent resistance of the discharge plasma region.

[0111] It should be noted that the calculation process of the overall equivalent resistance and the overall equivalent capacitance of the engine is the same as the calculation principle of the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance, and will not be described again here.

[0112] The expression of the loss in the discharge plasma region is:

[0113]

[0114] Among them, P P is the loss in the discharge plasma region, U 2RMS is the effective value of the second voltage, R Peq is the equivalent resistance of the discharge plasma region.

[0115] As an optional embodiment, the analysis method further includes:

[0116] S7: Draw a voltage-charge curve (i.e., Lissajous curve) when the plasma engine is working. The curve is approximately a parallelogram. The voltage in the curve refers to the second total voltage, and the charge refers to the total charge in the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit, such as Figure 9 shown.

[0117] The voltage-charge curve actually refers to the time domain voltage at both ends of the thruster and the conduction charge passing between the upper and lower electrodes.

[0118] The charge measurements during the experiment were all done by Figure 1 The test capacitor C shown in M Completed, charge Q = C M *U, where voltage U is the capacitance C M The voltage across the two ends is measured and sampled using an oscilloscope; the time-domain charge Q obtained at this time is the charge conducted during the gas discharge process (the total charge flowing from the upper electrode to the lower electrode during thruster operation, equivalent to the total charge in the overall equivalent circuit).

[0119] S8: Determine the second capacitor C2 according to the slopes of the sides of the parallelogram.

[0120] S9: Calculate the equivalent capacitance of the discharge plasma region according to the overall equivalent capacitance of the engine and the first equivalent capacitance.

[0121] The expressions of the overall equivalent resistance of the engine and the overall equivalent capacitance of the engine are respectively:

[0122]

[0123] C eq =C Seq +C Peq (19);

[0124] S10: Calculating the first resistance and the first capacitance respectively according to the discharge plasma region equivalent resistance, the discharge plasma region equivalent capacitance, and the second capacitance.

[0125] Combining equations (14), (16), (18) and (19), we can obtain the parameters of the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 of the discharge plasma region:

[0126]

[0127] Where R1 is the first resistor, ω is the angular frequency of the alternating voltage, R Peq is the equivalent resistance of the discharge plasma region, C2 is the second capacitor, and C Peq is the equivalent capacitance of the discharge plasma region, and C1 is the first capacitance.

[0128] make: Formula (20) can be further sorted out as follows:

[0129]

[0130] In this embodiment, the energy conversion of the SDBD-based discharge plasma ion wind engine is mainly divided into two parts: the dielectric loss of the solid dielectric and the loss of the discharge plasma zone; among them, the solid dielectric loss includes: conductivity loss and relaxation polarization loss, among which, the relaxation polarization current part only needs to calculate the loss generated by the active component; the physical process inside the discharge plasma zone is relatively complex, so the corresponding electrical components are used for characterization, and the loss of the discharge plasma zone is evaluated by obtaining the mathematical formula expressed by the corresponding components.

[0131] This embodiment establishes an electromagnetic composite lumped parameter topological circuit structure model based on the theoretical foundations of dielectric physics and discharge plasma physics. By analyzing the circuit structure and taking into account the actual physical meaning, a method for calculating the energy loss of each energy loss path of the SDBD ion wind engine is obtained. At the same time, electronic components are used to characterize the electrical characteristics of the solid dielectric and discharge plasma regions, which is very intuitive and simple to calculate. Figure 10 and 11 As shown, the above process can be used to obtain a direct expression of the complex physical properties of SDBD discharge plasma.

[0132] The above-mentioned method steps of this embodiment take the dielectric loss of the insulating medium into account in the energy loss model, constructing a more complete lumped parameter topological equivalent structure for energy loss, and quantifying the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit elements in the model. Using electronic components such as controllable power supplies, variable resistors, and capacitors, a lumped parameter topological equivalent circuit model of the ion wind engine in operation is established. Without considering the complex physical processes within the discharge region, the equivalent circuit parameters of the solid dielectric and the discharge plasma region under the alternating electric field are obtained. The variation of the parameters of each equivalent electrical component with voltage is analyzed, and the loss contribution of each part of the ion wind actuator is quantified. This is of great significance for studying the electrical loss characteristics of macroscopic plasma discharges and thrusters.

[0133] Example 2

[0134] See Figure 12 This embodiment provides an analysis system for energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine, comprising:

[0135] A first construction module M1 is used to construct a solid dielectric equivalent circuit under an alternating electric field, wherein the solid dielectric equivalent circuit includes a power supply, a first equivalent resistor, and a first equivalent capacitor connected in parallel in sequence, the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent resistor represents the conductivity loss of the solid dielectric in the SDBD ion wind engine device under the alternating electric field, and the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent capacitor represents the relaxation polarization loss of the solid dielectric under the alternating electric field;

[0136] A first acquisition module M2 is configured to acquire a first total voltage, a first total current, an initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the first total current of the solid dielectric equivalent circuit;

[0137] a solid dielectric parameter calculation module M3, configured to calculate the first equivalent resistance, the first equivalent capacitance, and solid dielectric loss, respectively, based on the first total voltage, the first total current, the initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and the initial phase angle of the first total current;

[0138] The second construction module M4 is used to construct a double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit, wherein the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit includes the solid dielectric equivalent circuit and the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit, the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit is connected in parallel to the first equivalent capacitor, and the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit includes a first resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, the first resistor is connected in parallel with the first capacitor and then connected in series with the second capacitor, the first resistor represents the resistance between the upper electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device and the virtual electrode formed by the accumulation of ion space charge, the first capacitor represents the capacitance between the upper electrode and the virtual electrode, and the second capacitor represents the capacitance between the virtual electrode and the lower electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device;

[0139] A second acquisition module M5 is used to acquire a second total voltage, a second total current, an initial phase angle of the second total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the second total current of the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit;

[0140] The discharge plasma zone parameter calculation module M6 is used to calculate the discharge plasma zone loss based on the second total voltage, the second total current, the initial phase angle of the second total voltage, the initial phase angle of the second total current, the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance.

[0141] Each embodiment in this specification focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0142] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine, characterized in that: The analysis method comprises: Constructing a solid dielectric equivalent circuit under an alternating electric field, wherein the solid dielectric equivalent circuit includes a power supply, a first equivalent resistor, and a first equivalent capacitor connected in parallel, the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent resistor represents the conductivity loss of the solid dielectric in the SDBD ion wind engine device under the alternating electric field, and the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent capacitor represents the relaxation polarization loss of the solid dielectric under the alternating electric field; collecting a first total voltage, a first total current, an initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the first total current of the solid dielectric equivalent circuit; Calculating the first equivalent resistance, the first equivalent capacitance, and solid dielectric loss respectively according to the first total voltage, the first total current, an initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the first total current; Constructing a double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit, wherein the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit includes the solid dielectric equivalent circuit and the discharge plasma region equivalent circuit, the discharge plasma region equivalent circuit is connected in parallel to the first equivalent capacitor, the discharge plasma region equivalent circuit includes a first resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, the first resistor is connected in parallel to the first capacitor and then connected in series with the second capacitor, the first resistor represents the resistance between the upper electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device and the virtual electrode formed by the accumulation of ion space charge, the first capacitor represents the capacitance between the upper electrode and the virtual electrode, and the second capacitor represents the capacitance between the virtual electrode and the lower electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device; collecting a second total voltage, a second total current, an initial phase angle of the second total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the second total current of the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit; The discharge plasma region loss is calculated according to the second total voltage, the second total current, the initial phase angle of the second total voltage, the initial phase angle of the second total current, the first equivalent resistance, and the first equivalent capacitance.

2. The method for analyzing energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific calculation process of the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance includes: calculating a first voltage effective value according to the first total voltage and an initial phase angle of the first total voltage; Calculating a first current effective value according to the first total current and an initial phase angle of the first total current; Calculating a first voltage-current phase difference according to an initial phase angle of the first total voltage and an initial phase angle of the first total current; The first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance are calculated according to the first voltage effective value, the first current effective value, and the first voltage-current phase difference.

3. The method for analyzing energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solid dielectric loss includes the conduction loss and the relaxation polarization loss; The specific calculation process of the solid dielectric loss includes: Calculating the conduction loss according to the first voltage effective value, the first current effective value, and the first voltage-current phase difference; Relaxation polarization loss is calculated according to a contact area between the upper electrode and the solid dielectric, an effective distance between the upper electrode and the lower electrode along the electric field direction, the first voltage effective value, the first equivalent resistance, and the first equivalent capacitance.

4. The method for analyzing energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the conduction loss is: P S =U 1RMS ·AND Rseq ; Among them, P S is the conduction loss, U 1RMS is the effective value of the first voltage, I Rseq is the active component of the equivalent current, and the active component of the equivalent current is determined according to the first current effective value and the first voltage-current phase difference.

5. The method for analyzing energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the relaxation polarization loss is: Among them, P g is the relaxation polarization loss, U 1RMS is the effective value of the first voltage, d is the effective distance between the upper electrode and the lower electrode along the electric field direction, g is the equivalent conductivity of the relaxation polarization loss, and the equivalent conductivity is calculated based on the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance. S is the contact area between the upper electrode and the solid dielectric.

6. The method for analyzing energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific calculation process of the discharge plasma zone loss includes: calculating a second voltage effective value according to the second total voltage and an initial phase angle of the second total voltage; calculating a second current effective value according to the second total current and an initial phase angle of the second total current; Calculating the overall equivalent resistance and the overall equivalent capacitance of the engine according to the second voltage effective value, the second current effective value, and the second voltage-current phase difference; Calculating the equivalent resistance of the discharge plasma region according to the overall equivalent resistance of the engine and the first equivalent resistance; The loss of the discharge plasma region is calculated according to the effective value of the second voltage and the equivalent resistance of the discharge plasma region.

7. The method for analyzing energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The analysis method further comprises: Draw a voltage-charge curve graph when the plasma engine is operating, wherein the curve graph is approximately a parallelogram, wherein the voltage in the curve graph refers to the second total voltage, and the charge refers to the total charge in the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit; determining the second capacitance according to the slopes of the sides of the parallelogram; Calculating the equivalent capacitance of the discharge plasma region according to the overall equivalent capacitance of the engine and the first equivalent capacitance; The first resistance and the first capacitance are calculated according to the discharge plasma region equivalent resistance, the discharge plasma region equivalent capacitance and the second capacitance.

8. The method for analyzing energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The expression of the discharge plasma region loss is: Among them, P P is the loss in the discharge plasma region, U 2RMS is the effective value of the second voltage, R Peq is the equivalent resistance of the discharge plasma region.

9. The method for analyzing energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The expressions of the first resistor and the first capacitor are: Where R1 is the first resistor, ω is the angular frequency of the alternating voltage, R Peq is the equivalent resistance of the discharge plasma region, C2 is the second capacitor, and C Peq is the equivalent capacitance of the discharge plasma region, and C1 is the first capacitance.

10. An analysis system for energy loss of a SDBD ion wind engine, characterized in that: The analysis system comprises: A first construction module is used to construct a solid dielectric equivalent circuit under an alternating electric field, wherein the solid dielectric equivalent circuit includes a power supply, a first equivalent resistor, and a first equivalent capacitor connected in parallel, the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent resistor represents the conductivity loss of the solid dielectric in the SDBD ion wind engine device under the alternating electric field, and the electric energy loss generated by the first equivalent capacitor represents the relaxation polarization loss of the solid dielectric under the alternating electric field; a first acquisition module, configured to acquire a first total voltage, a first total current, an initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the first total current of the solid dielectric equivalent circuit; a solid dielectric parameter calculation module, configured to calculate the first equivalent resistance, the first equivalent capacitance, and solid dielectric loss, respectively, based on the first total voltage, the first total current, an initial phase angle of the first total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the first total current; A second construction module is used to construct a double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit, wherein the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit includes the solid dielectric equivalent circuit and the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit, the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit is connected in parallel to the first equivalent capacitor, and the discharge plasma zone equivalent circuit includes a first resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, the first resistor is connected in parallel with the first capacitor and then connected in series with the second capacitor, the first resistor represents the resistance between the upper electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device and the virtual electrode formed by the accumulation of ion space charge, the first capacitor represents the capacitance between the upper electrode and the virtual electrode, and the second capacitor represents the capacitance between the virtual electrode and the lower electrode in the SDBD ion wind engine device; a second acquisition module, configured to acquire a second total voltage, a second total current, an initial phase angle of the second total voltage, and an initial phase angle of the second total current of the double-layer composite dielectric equivalent circuit; The discharge plasma zone parameter calculation module is used to calculate the discharge plasma zone loss based on the second total voltage, the second total current, the initial phase angle of the second total voltage, the initial phase angle of the second total current, the first equivalent resistance and the first equivalent capacitance.

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