An apparatus and its usage method for freely regulating multiple powder ratios during the powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process

Abstract

An apparatus and its usage method for freely regulating the multi - proportion of powder during the powder - feeding laser cladding additive manufacturing process, which relates to an apparatus and its usage method for powder - feeding laser cladding additive manufacturing. The present invention aims to solve the technical problems of complex methods for regulating the multi - proportion of powder, large volume of the apparatus, and low working efficiency during the powder - feeding laser cladding additive manufacturing process. The present invention can freely regulate the multi - proportion of various powders by adjusting the relative angles between different modules, providing strong support for the integrated manufacturing of complex components. The apparatus proposed by the present invention has a fast response speed, simple operation, can quickly achieve the mixing of powders, and is convenient, small in volume, and can better adapt to various working conditions; the apparatus proposed by the present invention can achieve the transportation and proportion regulation of various powders, and only need to add the same powder - mixing unit as required to achieve the proportion regulation of various powders, with high flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology is different from traditional subtractive manufacturing methods. Using the principle of "discrete - stacking", it melts materials through high - energy density heat sources such as lasers and electron beams and stacks them row by row and layer by layer until a complete workpiece is generated. Among them, powder - fed laser cladding additive manufacturing using a laser as the heat source has advantages such as high flexibility and high agility, and has been widely used in various fields.

[0003] The rapid melting and solidification of metal powders result in parts with fine grains, uniform composition, and dense structure. With the maturity of equipment and manufacturing processes, some scholars have proposed using additive manufacturing methods to prepare multi - component composite materials, such as functionally graded materials, etc. The basic principle is to obtain the required material composition, microstructure, and properties at specified positions of the part by changing the powder transmission ratio, thereby realizing the integrated manufacturing of large and complex components. This manufacturing method breaks the original fixed material processing idea and greatly improves the overall performance and serviceability of the components.

[0004] However, at present, the method of multi - ratio regulation of powders is extremely complex, which needs to be realized by side - feeding powder or repeatedly changing powders, and there are problems such as complex device operation, large volume, and low working efficiency. Therefore, developing a device for freely regulating the multi - ratio of powders during the powder - fed laser cladding process has important engineering significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the technical problems of complex method for multi - ratio regulation of powders, large device volume, and low working efficiency during the powder - fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process, and provides a device for freely regulating the multi - ratio of powders during the powder - fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process and a method for using the same.

[0006] The device for freely regulating the multi - ratio of powders during the powder - fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process of the present invention is composed of a top pressing cover 1, a first middle powder - mixing module 2, a bottom powder - mixing module 3, a powder - feeding head module 4, and a second middle powder - mixing module 5;

[0007] The upper surface of the said top pressing cover 1 is of a circular - ring structure, and an internal thread 1 - 2 is provided on the inner wall of the center; a plurality of first powder - inlet ports 1 - 1 are evenly arranged near the center of the top of the top pressing cover 1. The lower part of the top pressing cover 1 is of an open - mouth structure, and a circle of protrusions are respectively arranged downward on the outer edge and the inner edge of the lower part, which are the first outer - edge protrusion 1 - 3 and the first inner - edge protrusion 1 - 4 in sequence;

[0008] The described first middle powder mixing module 2 is of an annular structure and is composed of a first upper powder mixing unit 2-1 and a first lower powder ratio regulating unit 2-2; the upper part of the first upper powder mixing unit 2-1 is of an open structure and is arranged below the top pressing bin cover 1 and encloses an inner annular cavity 2-3 and an outer annular cavity 2-4 with the top pressing bin cover 1. The inner annular cavity 2-3 and the outer annular cavity 2-4 are two completely independent cavities separated by a first annular convex structure 2-1-5. The first powder inlet 1-1 is communicated with the inner annular cavity 2-3; the first outer edge protrusion 1-3 and the first inner edge protrusion 1-4 are used to limit the first middle powder mixing module 2 in the horizontal direction; a plurality of second powder inlets 2-1-1 are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the first upper powder mixing unit 2-1, and the second powder inlets 2-1-1 are communicated with the outer annular cavity 2-4; a plurality of first inner ring powder feeding channels 2-1-2 are uniformly arranged on the bottom surface of the inner annular cavity 2-3, and a plurality of first outer ring powder feeding channels 2-1-3 are uniformly arranged on the bottom surface of the outer annular cavity 2-4. The first inner ring powder feeding channels 2-1-2 and the first outer ring powder feeding channels 2-1-3 are arranged in an alternating manner; the outer side 2-1-4 of the bottom surface of the first upper powder mixing unit 2-1 is of an inclined surface structure;

[0009] The described first lower powder ratio regulating unit 2-2 is of an annular structure and is arranged below the first upper powder mixing unit 2-1. The outer side 2-2-3 of the upper surface of the first lower powder ratio regulating unit 2-2 is of an inclined surface structure and is tightly attached to the outer side 2-1-4 of the bottom surface of the first upper powder mixing unit 2-1 to cooperate with each other to play a role in limiting in the horizontal direction; a plurality of first powder ratio regulating channels 2-2-2 are uniformly arranged in the central area of the first lower powder ratio regulating unit 2-2, and the area of the first powder ratio regulating channels 2-2-2 is greater than or equal to the sum of the first inner ring powder feeding channels 2-1-2 and the first outer ring powder feeding channels 2-1-3; a circle of inclined surface guide plates 2-2-1 is arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the first lower powder ratio regulating unit 2-2; the rotation angle relative to the first upper powder mixing unit 2-1 is engraved on the outer side wall of the first lower powder ratio regulating unit 2-2 for regulating the ratio of the mixed powder;

[0010] The second middle powder mixing module 5 is of a circular ring structure and is composed of a second upper powder mixing unit 5-1 and a second lower powder ratio regulating unit 5-2; the outer side of the upper surface of the second upper powder mixing unit 5-1 is of an inclined surface structure, and other structures are the same as those of the first upper powder mixing unit 2-1. A plurality of third powder inlets 5-1-1 are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the second upper powder mixing unit 5-1; the second upper powder mixing unit 5-1 is arranged below the first lower powder ratio regulating unit 2-2, and the outer side of the upper surface of the second upper powder mixing unit 5-1 is closely attached to the lower surface of the inclined surface diversion plate 2-2-1 of the first lower powder ratio regulating unit 2-2 to cooperate with each other to play a limiting role in the horizontal direction; the lower end of the inclined surface diversion plate 2-2-1 is arranged above and closely attached to the second circular ring convex structure 5-1-3 on the upper surface of the second upper powder mixing unit 5-1; the structure of the second lower powder ratio regulating unit 5-2 is exactly the same as that of the first lower powder ratio regulating unit 2-2;

[0011] The bottom powder mixing module 3 is of a circular ring structure and is composed of a third upper powder mixing unit 3-1 and a third lower powder ratio regulating unit 3-2; the structure of the third upper powder mixing unit 3-1 is exactly the same as that of the second upper powder mixing unit 5-1, and a plurality of fourth powder inlets 3-1-1 are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the third upper powder mixing unit 3-1; the outer ring 3-2-1 of the lower surface of the third lower powder ratio regulating unit 3-2 is of a flat surface structure, and other structures are the same as those of the second lower powder ratio regulating unit 5-2;

[0012] A central shaft connecting rod 4-3 is arranged at the center of the powder feeding head module 4. An external thread 4-3-1 is arranged at the upper end of the outer wall of the central shaft connecting rod 4-3. An annular powder feeding channel 4-2 is arranged at the bottom of the powder feeding head module 4. The central region of the upper surface of the powder feeding head module 4 is a plane and a plurality of fifth powder inlet ports 4-1 are evenly arranged. The lower end of the fifth powder inlet port 4-1 is communicated with the annular powder feeding channel 4-2. An upward convex structure is arranged on each of the outer edge and the inner edge of the upper surface of the powder feeding head module 4, namely a second outer edge convex 4-5 and a second inner edge convex 4-4. The third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 3-2 is arranged above the powder feeding head module 4 and is closely attached. The second outer edge convex 4-5 and the second inner edge convex 4-4 are used for horizontally limiting the third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 3-2. The internal thread 1-2 of the top pressing cover 1 is in threaded connection with the external thread 4-3-1 of the central shaft connecting rod 4-3. The first upper layer powder mixing unit 2-1, the first lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 2-2, the second upper layer powder mixing unit 5-1, the second lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 5-2, the third upper layer powder mixing unit 3-1 and the third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 3-2 are clamped between the top pressing cover 1 and the powder feeding head module 4 in the order from top to bottom, and a rotational relationship structure exists between the first upper layer powder mixing unit 2-1, the first lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 2-2, the second upper layer powder mixing unit 5-1, the second lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 5-2, the third upper layer powder mixing unit 3-1, the third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 3-2 and the powder feeding head module 4.

[0013] The usage method of the device for multi - proportion free regulation of powder in the powder - feeding laser cladding additive manufacturing process is as follows: The first type of powder enters the inner circular cavity 2 - 3 of the first upper - layer powder - mixing unit 2 - 1 from the first powder - feeding port 1 - 1 of the top - pressed cover 1, and then the first type of powder flows downward through the first inner - ring powder - feeding channel 2 - 1 - 2 into the first lower - layer powder - proportion regulation unit 2 - 2; The second type of powder enters the outer circular cavity 2 - 4 from the second powder - feeding port 2 - 1 - 1 on the first upper - layer powder - mixing unit 2 - 1, and the second type of powder flows downward through the first outer - ring powder - feeding channel 2 - 1 - 3 into the first lower - layer powder - proportion regulation unit 2 - 2; The first type of powder and the second type of powder are mixed in the first lower - layer powder - proportion regulation unit 2 - 2 to obtain the first mixed powder; The lower end of the inclined deflector 2 - 2 - 1 is arranged above and in close contact with the second circular protrusion structure 5 - 1 - 3 on the upper surface of the second upper - layer powder - mixing unit 5 - 1, and all the first mixed powder is introduced into the inner circular cavity of the second upper - layer powder - mixing unit 5 - 1 through the first powder - proportion regulation channel 2 - 2 - 2, and then flows into the second lower - layer powder - proportion regulation unit 5 - 2; The third type of powder enters the outer circular cavity from the third powder - feeding port 5 - 1 - 1 of the second upper - layer powder - mixing unit 5 - 1, and then flows into the second lower - layer powder - proportion regulation unit 5 - 2; The first mixed powder and the third type of powder are mixed in the second lower - layer powder - proportion regulation unit 5 - 2 to obtain the second mixed powder, then it flows downward into the inner circular cavity of the third upper - layer powder - mixing unit 3 - 1, and then enters the third lower - layer powder - proportion regulation unit 3 - 2; The fourth type of powder enters the outer circular cavity from the fourth powder - feeding port 3 - 1 - 1 of the third upper - layer powder - mixing unit 3 - 1, and then flows into the third lower - layer powder - proportion regulation unit 3 - 2. The second mixed powder and the fourth type of powder are mixed in the third lower - layer powder - proportion regulation unit 3 - 2 to obtain the third mixed powder, and then the third mixed powder enters the central area on the upper surface of the powder - feeding head module 4, enters the annular powder - feeding channel 4 - 2 through the fifth powder - feeding port 4 - 1, and is finally fed into the molten pool;

[0014] The method for controlling the mixing ratio of the first type of powder and the second type of powder in the first middle powder - mixing module 2, that is, controlling the volume ratio of the two in the first mixed powder, is as follows Figures 13 - 15 shown:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, is the volume ratio of the first type of powder to the second type of powder in the first mixed powder, S1 is the area of the overlapping part of the first inner - ring powder - feeding channel 2 - 1 - 2 and the first powder - proportion regulation channel 2 - 2 - 2, and S2 is the area of the overlapping part of the first outer - ring powder - feeding channel 2 - 1 - 3 and the first powder - proportion regulation channel 2 - 2 - 2;

[0017] According to geometric relationships, There is a mapping relationship with the rotation angle α as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, α is the relative rotation angle of the first lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit 2-2 with respect to the first upper-layer powder mixing unit 2-1. f(α) is related to the shapes and distribution positions of the first powder ratio regulation channel 2-2-2, the first inner-ring powder feeding channel 2-1-2, and the first outer-ring powder feeding channel 2-1-3, and can be calculated by existing mathematical methods, which belongs to the prior art and is not the inventive point in this application; according to the required mixing ratio of the first powder and the second powder, manually rotate the first lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit 2-2 to control α to achieve the regulation of the volume ratio of the mixed powder; the method for regulating the volume ratio of the mixed powder in the bottom powder mixing module 3 and the second middle powder mixing module 5 is the same as the above.

[0020] In the present invention, multiple modules with the same structure as the second middle powder mixing module 5 can be added in the middle of the device and stacked up and down, so as to realize the mixing of more kinds of powders.

[0021] The present invention can realize the free regulation of multiple powder ratios by adjusting the relative angles between different modules, providing strong support for the integrated manufacturing of complex components.

[0022] Advantages of the present invention:

[0023] 1. The device and the using method proposed in the present invention realize the free regulation of multiple powder ratios in the powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process;

[0024] 2. The device proposed in the present invention has a fast response speed and simple operation, and can quickly realize the mixing of powders;

[0025] 3. The device proposed in the present invention is convenient and small in size, and can better adapt to various working conditions;

[0026] 4. The device proposed in the present invention can realize the conveying and ratio regulation of multiple powders. Only by adding the same powder mixing unit as needed can the ratio regulation of multiple powders be realized, with high flexibility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device for freely regulating multiple powder ratios in the powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process of the first specific embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 For Figure 1 the schematic cross-sectional view of the top pressing cover 1 in

[0029] Figure 3 For Figure 1Schematic cross-sectional view of the combination of the middle top pressing bin cover 1 and the first upper powder mixing unit 2-1;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic cross-sectional view of the first upper powder mixing unit 2-1 in the first specific embodiment;

[0031] Figure 5 For Figure 4 Front view of the cross-section of the first upper powder mixing unit 2-1 in the middle;

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic cross-sectional view of the first lower powder ratio regulation unit 2-2 in the first specific embodiment;

[0033] Figure 7 For Figure 6 Front view of the cross-section of the first lower powder ratio regulation unit 2-2 in the middle;

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic cross-sectional view of the combination of the first middle powder mixing module 2 and the second middle powder mixing module 5 in the first specific embodiment;

[0035] Figure 9 For Figure 1 Front view of the cross-section of the combination of the first lower powder ratio regulation unit 2-2 and the second upper powder mixing unit 5-1 in the middle;

[0036] Figure 10 Schematic cross-sectional view of the bottom powder mixing module 3 in the first specific embodiment;

[0037] Figure 11 Schematic cross-sectional view of the powder feeding head module 4 in the first specific embodiment;

[0038] Figure 12 Schematic cross-sectional view of the combination of the powder feeding head module 4 and the bottom powder mixing module 3 in the first specific embodiment;

[0039] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the method for controlling the volume ratio of the two in the first mixed powder in the tenth specific embodiment (at this time, it is a top view, and there are overlapping parts S1 and S2 between the first powder ratio regulation channel 2-2-2, the first inner ring powder feeding channel 2-1-2, and the first outer ring powder feeding channel 2-1-3);

[0040] Figure 14 Schematic diagram when the first powder ratio regulation channel 2-2-2 only overlaps with the first inner ring powder feeding channel 2-1-2 in the tenth specific embodiment (at this time, it is a bottom view);

[0041] Figure 15 Schematic diagram when the first powder ratio regulation channel 2-2-2 only overlaps with the first outer ring powder feeding channel 2-1-3 in the tenth specific embodiment (at this time, it is a bottom view). Specific Embodiment

[0042] Specific Embodiment 1: This embodiment is a device for freely regulating the multi - proportion of powder during the powder - feeding laser cladding additive process. As Figures 1 - 15 shown, it is specifically composed of a top - pressing chamber cover 1, a first middle powder - mixing module 2, a bottom powder - mixing module 3, a powder - feeding head module 4, and a second middle powder - mixing module 5;

[0043] The upper surface of the top - pressing chamber cover 1 is of a circular - ring structure, and an internal thread 1 - 2 is provided on the inner wall of the center; a plurality of first powder - feeding ports 1 - 1 are evenly arranged near the center at the top of the top - pressing chamber cover 1. The lower part of the top - pressing chamber cover 1 is of an open - mouth structure, and a circle of protrusions are respectively arranged downward on the outer edge and the inner edge below, which are the first outer - edge protrusion 1 - 3 and the first inner - edge protrusion 1 - 4 in sequence;

[0044] The first middle powder - mixing module 2 is of a circular - ring structure and is composed of a first upper - layer powder - mixing unit 2 - 1 and a first lower - layer powder - proportion regulating unit 2 - 2; The upper part of the first upper - layer powder - mixing unit 2 - 1 is of an open - mouth structure and is arranged below the top - pressing chamber cover 1 and encloses an inner circular - ring cavity 2 - 3 and an outer circular - ring cavity 2 - 4 with the top - pressing chamber cover 1. The inner circular - ring cavity 2 - 3 and the outer circular - ring cavity 2 - 4 are two completely independent cavities, separated by a first circular - ring protrusion structure 2 - 1 - 5. The first powder - feeding port 1 - 1 is communicated with the inner circular - ring cavity 2 - 3; The first outer - edge protrusion 1 - 3 and the first inner - edge protrusion 1 - 4 are used for horizontally limiting the first middle powder - mixing module 2; A plurality of second powder - feeding ports 2 - 1 - 1 are evenly arranged on the side wall of the first upper - layer powder - mixing unit 2 - 1, and the second powder - feeding ports 2 - 1 - 1 are communicated with the outer circular - ring cavity 2 - 4; A plurality of first inner - circle powder - feeding channels 2 - 1 - 2 are evenly arranged on the bottom surface of the inner circular - ring cavity 2 - 3, and a plurality of first outer - circle powder - feeding channels 2 - 1 - 3 are evenly arranged on the bottom surface of the outer circular - ring cavity 2 - 4. The first inner - circle powder - feeding channels 2 - 1 - 2 and the first outer - circle powder - feeding channels 2 - 1 - 3 are arranged in a staggered manner; The outer side 2 - 1 - 4 of the bottom surface of the first upper - layer powder - mixing unit 2 - 1 is of an inclined - plane structure;

[0045] The first lower-layer powder ratio control unit 2-2 is in a circular ring structure and is arranged below the first upper-layer powder mixing unit 2-1. The outer side 2-2-3 of the upper surface of the first lower-layer powder ratio control unit 2-2 is in an inclined surface structure and is closely attached to the outer side 2-1-4 of the bottom surface of the first upper-layer powder mixing unit 2-1 to cooperate with each other to play a limiting role in the horizontal direction. A plurality of first powder ratio control channels 2-2-2 are uniformly arranged in the central area of the first lower-layer powder ratio control unit 2-2, and the area of the first powder ratio control channel 2-2-2 is greater than or equal to the sum of the first inner-ring powder feeding channel 2-1-2 and the first outer-ring powder feeding channel 2-1-3. A circle of inclined surface guide plates 2-2-1 is arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the first lower-layer powder ratio control unit 2-2. The rotation angle relative to the first upper-layer powder mixing unit 2-1 is engraved on the outer side wall of the first lower-layer powder ratio control unit 2-2 for the ratio control of the mixed powder.

[0046] The second middle powder mixing module 5 is in a circular ring structure and is composed of a second upper-layer powder mixing unit 5-1 and a second lower-layer powder ratio control unit 5-2. The outer side of the upper surface of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit 5-1 is in an inclined surface structure, and other structures are the same as those of the first upper-layer powder mixing unit 2-1. A plurality of third powder feeding ports 5-1-1 are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit 5-1. The second upper-layer powder mixing unit 5-1 is arranged below the first lower-layer powder ratio control unit 2-2, and the outer side of the upper surface of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit 5-1 is closely attached to the lower surface of the inclined surface guide plate 2-2-1 of the first lower-layer powder ratio control unit 2-2 to cooperate with each other to play a limiting role in the horizontal direction. The lower end of the inclined surface guide plate 2-2-1 is arranged above and closely attached to the second circular ring convex structure 5-1-3 on the upper surface of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit 5-1. The structure of the second lower-layer powder ratio control unit 5-2 is exactly the same as that of the first lower-layer powder ratio control unit 2-2.

[0047] The bottom powder mixing module 3 is in a circular ring structure and is composed of a third upper-layer powder mixing unit 3-1 and a third lower-layer powder ratio control unit 3-2. The structure of the third upper-layer powder mixing unit 3-1 is exactly the same as that of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit 5-1, and a plurality of fourth powder feeding ports 3-1-1 are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the third upper-layer powder mixing unit 3-1. The outer ring 3-2-1 of the lower surface of the third lower-layer powder ratio control unit 3-2 is in a flat structure, and other structures are the same as those of the second lower-layer powder ratio control unit 5-2.

[0048] A central shaft connecting rod 4-3 is arranged at the center of the powder feeding head module 4. An external thread 4-3-1 is arranged at the upper end of the outer wall of the central shaft connecting rod 4-3. An annular powder feeding channel 4-2 is arranged at the bottom of the powder feeding head module 4. The central area of the upper surface of the powder feeding head module 4 is a plane and a plurality of fifth powder inlet ports 4-1 are evenly arranged. The lower end of the fifth powder inlet port 4-1 is communicated with the annular powder feeding channel 4-2. An upward convex structure is arranged along the outer edge and the inner edge of the upper surface of the powder feeding head module 4, namely a second outer edge convex 4-5 and a second inner edge convex 4-4 respectively. The third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 3-2 is arranged above the powder feeding head module 4 and is closely attached. The second outer edge convex 4-5 and the second inner edge convex 4-4 are used for horizontally limiting the third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 3-2. The internal thread 1-2 of the top pressing cover 1 is in threaded connection with the external thread 4-3-1 of the central shaft connecting rod 4-3. The first upper layer powder mixing unit 2-1, the first lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 2-2, the second upper layer powder mixing unit 5-1, the second lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 5-2, the third upper layer powder mixing unit 3-1 and the third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 3-2 are clamped between the top pressing cover 1 and the powder feeding head module 4 in the order from top to bottom. And there is a rotational relationship structure between the first upper layer powder mixing unit 2-1, the first lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 2-2, the second upper layer powder mixing unit 5-1, the second lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 5-2, the third upper layer powder mixing unit 3-1, the third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit 3-2 and the powder feeding head module 4.

[0049] Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: the first inner ring powder feeding channel 2-1-2 is circular. Others are the same as Embodiment 1.

[0050] Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that: the first outer ring powder feeding channel 2-1-3 is circular. Others are the same as Embodiment 1 or 2.

[0051] Embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and any one of Embodiments 1 to 3 is that: the outer diameters of the top pressing cover 1, the first middle powder mixing module 2, the bottom powder mixing module 3, the powder feeding head module 4 and the second middle powder mixing module 5 are the same. Others are the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 3.

[0052] Embodiment 5: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 4 is that: there are 10 first inner ring powder feeding channels 2-1-2 in total. Others are the same as Embodiment 4.

[0053] Embodiment 6: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 5 is that: there are 10 first outer ring powder feeding channels 2-1-3 in total. Others are the same as Embodiment 5.

[0054] Specific Embodiment Seven: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment Six is that there are a total of 10 first powder ratio adjustment channels 2-2-2. Others are the same as Specific Embodiment Six.

[0055] Specific Embodiment Eight: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment Seven is that there are a total of 3 first powder inlets 1-1, which are evenly distributed. Others are the same as Specific Embodiment Seven.

[0056] Specific Embodiment Nine: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment Eight is that the device for freely adjusting the multi-ratio of powder during the powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process is a coaxial nozzle. Others are the same as Specific Embodiment Eight.

[0057] Specific Embodiment Ten: This embodiment is the usage method of the device for freely adjusting the multi-ratio of powder during the powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process in Specific Embodiment One. Specifically: The first type of powder enters the inner ring cavity 2-3 of the first upper-layer powder mixing unit 2-1 from the first powder inlet 1-1 at the top pressing the lid 1, and then the first type of powder flows downward through the first inner-ring powder feeding channel 2-1-2 to the first lower-layer powder ratio adjustment unit 2-2; the second type of powder enters the outer ring cavity 2-4 from the second powder inlet 2-1-1 on the first upper-layer powder mixing unit 2-1, and the second type of powder flows downward through the first outer-ring powder feeding channel 2-1-3 to the first lower-layer powder ratio adjustment unit 2-2; the first type of powder and the second type of powder are mixed in the first lower-layer powder ratio adjustment unit 2-2 to obtain the first mixed powder; the lower end of the inclined deflector 2-2-1 is arranged above and in close contact with the second ring protrusion structure 5-1-3 on the upper surface of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit 5-1, and all the first mixed powder is introduced into the inner ring cavity of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit 5-1 through the first powder ratio adjustment channel 2-2-2, and then flows to the second lower-layer powder ratio adjustment unit 5-2; the third type of powder enters the outer ring cavity from the third powder inlet 5-1-1 of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit 5-1, and then flows to the second lower-layer powder ratio adjustment unit 5-2; the first mixed powder and the third type of powder are mixed in the second lower-layer powder ratio adjustment unit 5-2 to obtain the second mixed powder, and then flows downward into the inner ring cavity of the third upper-layer powder mixing unit 3-1, and then enters the third lower-layer powder ratio adjustment unit 3-2; the fourth type of powder enters the outer ring cavity from the fourth powder inlet 3-1-1 of the third upper-layer powder mixing unit 3-1, and then flows to the third lower-layer powder ratio adjustment unit 3-2, and the second mixed powder and the fourth type of powder are mixed in the third lower-layer powder ratio adjustment unit 3-2 to obtain the third mixed powder, and then the third mixed powder enters the central area on the upper surface of the powder feeding head module 4, enters the annular powder feeding channel 4-2 through the fifth powder inlet 4-1, and finally is fed into the molten pool;

[0058] In the first middle powder mixing module 2, the method of controlling the mixing ratio of the first powder and the second powder, that is, controlling the volume ratio of the two in the first mixed powder, is as follows Figures 13 - 15 as shown

[0059]

[0060] Among them, is the volume ratio of the first powder to the second powder in the first mixed powder, S1 is the area of the overlapping part of the first inner ring powder feeding channel 2-1-2 and the first powder ratio regulating channel 2-2-2, and S2 is the area of the overlapping part of the first outer ring powder feeding channel 2-1-3 and the first powder ratio regulating channel 2-2-2;

[0061] According to the geometric relationship, has a mapping relationship with the rotation angle α, as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, α is the relative rotation angle of the first lower-layer powder ratio regulating unit 2-2 relative to the first upper-layer powder mixing unit 2-1, and f(α) is related to the shapes and distribution positions of the first powder ratio regulating channel 2-2-2, the first inner ring powder feeding channel 2-1-2 and the first outer ring powder feeding channel 2-1-3; according to the required mixing ratio of the first powder and the second powder, manually rotate the first lower-layer powder ratio regulating unit 2-2 to control α to achieve the regulation of the volume ratio of the mixed powder; the methods for regulating the volume ratio of the mixed powder in the bottom powder mixing module 3 and the second middle powder mixing module 5 are the same as the above.

[0064] In this embodiment, multiple modules with the same structure as the second middle powder mixing module 5 can be added in the middle of the device and stacked up and down, so as to achieve the mixing of more kinds of powders.

[0065] This embodiment can achieve the free regulation of multiple powder ratios by adjusting the relative angles between different modules, providing strong support for the integrated manufacturing of complex components.

[0066] Advantages of this embodiment:

[0067] 1. The device and the using method proposed in this embodiment achieve the free regulation of multiple powder ratios in the powder feeding laser cladding additive manufacturing process;

[0068] 2. The device proposed in this embodiment has a fast response speed and simple operation, and can quickly achieve the mixing of powders;

[0069] 3. The device proposed in this embodiment is convenient and small in size, and can better adapt to various working conditions;

[0070] 4. The device proposed in this embodiment can achieve the transportation and proportional control of various powders. By simply adding the same powder mixing unit as needed, the proportional control of various powders can be achieved, with high flexibility.

Claims

1. A device for free regulation of multiple powder ratios during the powder feeding type laser cladding additive manufacturing process, characterized in that The device for freely regulating the multi - proportion of powder in the powder - feeding laser cladding additive manufacturing process is composed of a top pressing cover (1), a first middle powder - mixing module (2), a bottom powder - mixing module (3), a powder - feeding head module (4) and a second middle powder - mixing module (5). The upper surface of the top pressing cover (1) is a circular - ring structure, and an internal thread (1 - 2) is arranged on the inner wall of the center; a plurality of first powder - inlet ports (1 - 1) are evenly arranged near the center at the top of the top pressing cover (1). The lower part of the top pressing cover (1) is an open - mouth structure, and a circular protrusion is arranged downward along the outer edge and the inner edge respectively, which are the first outer - edge protrusion (1 - 3) and the first inner - edge protrusion (1 - 4) in turn. The first middle powder - mixing module (2) is a circular - ring structure and is composed of a first upper - layer powder - mixing unit (2 - 1) and a first lower - layer powder - proportion regulating unit (2 - 2); the upper part of the first upper - layer powder - mixing unit (2 - 1) is an open - mouth structure and is arranged under the top pressing cover (1) and encloses an inner circular - ring cavity (2 - 3) and an outer circular - ring cavity (2 - 4) with the top pressing cover (1). The inner circular - ring cavity (2 - 3) and the outer circular - ring cavity (2 - 4) are two completely independent cavities, separated by a first circular - ring protrusion structure (2 - 1 - 5). The first powder - inlet port (1 - 1) is communicated with the inner circular - ring cavity (2 - 3); the first outer - edge protrusion (1 - 3) and the first inner - edge protrusion (1 - 4) are used for horizontally limiting the first middle powder - mixing module (2); a plurality of second powder - inlet ports (2 - 1 - 1) are evenly arranged on the side wall of the first upper - layer powder - mixing unit (2 - 1), and the second powder - inlet ports (2 - 1 - 1) are communicated with the outer circular - ring cavity (2 - 4); a plurality of first inner - ring powder - feeding channels (2 - 1 - 2) are evenly arranged on the bottom surface of the inner circular - ring cavity (2 - 3), and a plurality of first outer - ring powder - feeding channels (2 - 1 - 3) are evenly arranged on the bottom surface of the outer circular - ring cavity (2 - 4). The first inner - ring powder - feeding channels (2 - 1 - 2) and the first outer - ring powder - feeding channels (2 - 1 - 3) are arranged alternately; the outer bottom surface (2 - 1 - 4) of the first upper - layer powder - mixing unit (2 - 1) is an inclined - plane structure. The described first lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (2-2) is of a circular ring structure and is arranged below the first upper-layer powder mixing unit (2-1). The outer side (2-2-3) of the upper surface of the first lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (2-2) is of an inclined surface structure and is in close fit with the outer side (2-1-4) of the bottom surface of the first upper-layer powder mixing unit (2-1), and they cooperate with each other to play a limiting role in the horizontal direction; a plurality of first powder ratio regulation channels (2-2-2) are uniformly arranged in the central area of the first lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (2-2), and the area of the first powder ratio regulation channel (2-2-2) is greater than or equal to the sum of the first inner-ring powder feeding channel (2-1-2) and the first outer-ring powder feeding channel (2-1-3); a circle of inclined surface diversion plates (2-2-1) is arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the first lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (2-2); the rotation angle relative to the first upper-layer powder mixing unit (2-1) is engraved on the outer side wall of the first lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (2-2) for regulating the ratio of the mixed powder; The described second middle powder mixing module (5) is of a circular ring structure and is composed of a second upper-layer powder mixing unit (5-1) and a second lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (5-2); the outer side of the upper surface of the described second upper-layer powder mixing unit (5-1) is of an inclined surface structure, and other structures are the same as those of the first upper-layer powder mixing unit (2-1). A plurality of third powder feeding ports (5-1-1) are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit (5-1); the second upper-layer powder mixing unit (5-1) is arranged below the first lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (2-2), and the outer side of the upper surface of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit (5-1) is in close fit with the lower surface of the inclined surface diversion plate (2-2-1) of the first lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (2-2), and they cooperate with each other to play a limiting role in the horizontal direction; the lower end of the inclined surface diversion plate (2-2-1) is arranged above and in close fit with the second circular ring convex structure (5-1-3) on the upper surface of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit (5-1); the structure of the described second lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (5-2) is exactly the same as that of the first lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (2-2); The described bottom powder mixing module (3) is of a circular ring structure and is composed of a third upper-layer powder mixing unit (3-1) and a third lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (3-2); the structure of the described third upper-layer powder mixing unit (3-1) is exactly the same as that of the second upper-layer powder mixing unit (5-1), and a plurality of fourth powder feeding ports (3-1-1) are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the third upper-layer powder mixing unit (3-1); the outer circle (3-2-1) of the lower surface of the described third lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (3-2) is of a plane structure, and other structures are the same as those of the second lower-layer powder ratio regulation unit (5-2); A central shaft connecting rod (4-3) is arranged at the center of the powder feeding head module (4). An external thread (4-3-1) is arranged at the upper end of the outer wall of the central shaft connecting rod (4-3). An annular powder feeding channel (4-2) is arranged at the bottom of the powder feeding head module (4). The central area of the upper surface of the powder feeding head module (4) is a plane and a plurality of fifth powder inlet ports (4-1) are evenly arranged. The lower end of the fifth powder inlet port (4-1) is communicated with the annular powder feeding channel (4-2). An upward convex structure is arranged on each of the outer edge and the inner edge of the upper surface of the powder feeding head module (4), namely a second outer edge convex (4-5) and a second inner edge convex (4-4). The third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit (3-2) is arranged above the powder feeding head module (4) and is closely attached. The second outer edge convex (4-5) and the second inner edge convex (4-4) are used for horizontally limiting the third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit (3-2). The internal thread (1-2) of the top pressing cover (1) is in threaded connection with the external thread (4-3-1) of the central shaft connecting rod (4-3). The first upper layer powder mixing unit (2-1), the first lower layer powder ratio regulating unit (2-2), the second upper layer powder mixing unit (5-1), the second lower layer powder ratio regulating unit (5-2), the third upper layer powder mixing unit (3-1) and the third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit (3-2) are clamped between the top pressing cover (1) and the powder feeding head module (4) in the order from top to bottom. And there is a rotational relationship structure between the first upper layer powder mixing unit (2-1), the first lower layer powder ratio regulating unit (2-2), the second upper layer powder mixing unit (5-1), the second lower layer powder ratio regulating unit (5-2), the third upper layer powder mixing unit (3-1), the third lower layer powder ratio regulating unit (3-2) and the powder feeding head module (4).

2. The device for freely regulating multiple powder ratios during the powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein The first inner ring powder feeding channel (2-1-2) is circular.

3. The device for freely regulating multiple powder ratios during the powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein The first outer ring powder feeding channel (2-1-3) is circular.

4. The device for freely regulating multiple powder ratios during the powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein The outer diameters of the top pressing cover (1), the first middle powder mixing module (2), the bottom powder mixing module (3), the powder feeding head module (4) and the second middle powder mixing module (5) are the same.

5. A device for freely regulating multiple powder ratios during the powder-fed laser cladding additive process according to claim 1, characterized in that There are 10 first inner ring powder feeding channels (2-1-2) in total.

6. The device for freely regulating multiple powder ratios during the powder feeding laser cladding additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein There are 10 first outer ring powder feeding channels (2-1-3) in total.

7. The device for freely regulating multiple powder ratios during the powder-fed laser cladding additive process according to claim 1, wherein There are 10 first powder ratio regulating channels (2-2-2) in total.

8. A device for freely regulating multiple powder ratios during the powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, characterized in that There are 3 first powder inlet ports (1-1) in total and they are evenly distributed.

9. The device for free regulation of multiple powder ratios during powder-fed laser cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that In this device, multiple groups of second middle powder mixing modules (5) are stacked between the first middle powder mixing module (2) and the bottom powder mixing module (3), and the number of modules depends on the types of the powder to be mixed.

10. The usage method of a device for freely regulating multiple powder ratios during the powder-fed laser cladding additive process according to claim 1, characterized in that The usage method of the device for free regulation of multiple powder ratios during the powder feeding type laser cladding additive manufacturing process is as follows: The first powder enters the inner circular cavity (2-3) of the first upper powder mixing unit (2-1) from the first powder inlet (1-1) at the top of the pressing bin cover (1), and then the first powder flows downward through the first inner ring powder feeding channel (2-1-2) into the first lower powder ratio control unit (2-2); the second powder enters the outer circular cavity (2-4) from the second powder inlet (2-1-1) on the first upper powder mixing unit (2-1), and the second powder flows downward through the first outer ring powder feeding channel (2-1-3) into the first lower powder ratio control unit (2-2); the first powder and the second powder are mixed in the first lower powder ratio control unit (2-2) to obtain the first mixed powder; the lower end of the inclined deflector (2-2-1) is arranged above and closely attached to the second circular protrusion structure (5-1-3) on the upper surface of the second upper powder mixing unit (5-1), and all the first mixed powder is introduced into the inner circular cavity of the second upper powder mixing unit (5-1) through the first powder ratio control channel (2-2-2), and then flows into the second lower powder ratio control unit (5-2); the third powder enters the outer circular cavity from the third powder inlet (5-1-1) of the second upper powder mixing unit (5-1), and then flows into the second lower powder ratio control unit (5-2); the first mixed powder and the third powder are mixed in the second lower powder ratio control unit (5-2) to obtain the second mixed powder, and then flow downward into the inner circular cavity of the third upper powder mixing unit (3-1), and then enter the third lower powder ratio control unit (3-2); the fourth powder enters the outer circular cavity from the fourth powder inlet (3-1-1) of the third upper powder mixing unit (3-1), and then flows into the third lower powder ratio control unit (3-2), and the second mixed powder and the fourth powder are mixed in the third lower powder ratio control unit (3-2) to obtain the third mixed powder, and then the third mixed powder enters the central area on the upper surface of the powder feeding head module (4), enters the annular powder feeding channel (4-2) through the fifth powder inlet (4-1), and is finally fed into the molten pool; The method for controlling the mixing ratio of the first powder and the second powder in the first middle powder mixing module (2), that is, controlling the volume ratio of the two in the first mixed powder, is as follows: Among them, is the volume ratio of the first powder to the second powder in the first mixed powder, S1 is the area of the overlapping part of the first inner powder feeding channel (2-1-2) and the first powder ratio regulation channel (2-2-2), and S2 is the area of the overlapping part of the first outer powder feeding channel (2-1-3) and the first powder ratio regulation channel (2-2-2); According to the geometric relationship, there is a mapping relationship with the rotation angle α as follows: Among them, α is the relative rotation angle of the first lower powder ratio control unit (2-2) relative to the first upper powder mixing unit (2-1), and f(α) is related to the shapes and distribution positions of the first powder ratio control channel (2-2-2), the first inner ring powder feeding channel (2-1-2) and the first outer ring powder feeding channel (2-1-3); according to the required mixing ratio of the first powder and the second powder, manually rotate the first lower powder ratio control unit (2-2) to control α to achieve the regulation of the volume ratio of the mixed powder. The regulation methods of the volume ratio of the mixed powder in the bottom powder mixing module (3) and the second middle powder mixing module (5) are the same as the above.

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