Prestressed rock anchor temporary anchorage

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of anchorage technology, specifically relating to a prestressed rock anchorage temporary anchorage, including a connecting part, a rock anchor, and a backing cable. The connecting part includes a horizontal plate and a longitudinal plate. The longitudinal plate is elongated, and multiple longitudinal plates are longitudinally arranged on the side of the horizontal plate, spaced parallel to each other. A longitudinal beam is fixedly connected to the side of the longitudinal plate away from the horizontal plate. The rock anchor passes through the connecting part and is fixedly connected to the longitudinal beam. A horizontal beam is provided on the side of the longitudinal beam near the connecting part, and the horizontal beam is perpendicularly inserted into the longitudinal plate. The backing cable is fixedly installed on the horizontal beam. The rock anchor transfers tension to the rock, replacing the counterweight of a large volume of concrete with a small portion of steel structure and concrete for structural conversion. Assisting with prestressed rock anchor technology, it utilizes the weight of the mountain to balance the counterweight, reducing site excavation, concrete usage, and the need for a large site, making construction convenient. It saves materials and avoids large-scale site construction and environmental damage caused by site excavation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of anchorage technology, specifically relating to a prestressed rock anchorage temporary anchorage. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main types of anchorages used in suspension bridges are gravity anchorages and tunnel anchorages. Whether used as a temporary cable hoisting system or a rear anchor in a cable-stayed bridge system, the primary function of the anchorage is to bear and balance the enormous pull-out force of the cables, ensuring the safety and stability of the entire system.

[0003] Gravity anchorages are one of the most common types of anchorages currently used. Due to their large size and the enormous horizontal loads they bear, gravity anchorages require a high vertical bearing capacity and a large horizontal friction coefficient in the underlying foundation. Compared to gravity anchorages, tunnel anchorages are less expensive because they work together with the surrounding rock to bear the enormous tension of the main cable, avoiding large-scale excavation of the original surface.

[0004] However, gravity anchorages typically use concrete to form a large-volume anchor body, relying on their own weight and the friction between the foundation to resist the pull-out force of the system. This results in a large amount of earthwork excavation, a large amount of concrete construction, and a significant impact on the ecological environment. Furthermore, unstable slopes or different geological structures often occur during construction, leading to uncertain deformation of the entire anchorage and causing instability. This often causes construction difficulties in mountainous bridge construction and is not conducive to reducing project costs.

[0005] The stress state of tunnel anchorages is similar to that of conventional support anchors, but their actual dimensions and loads are much larger, and the factors affecting their stability are more numerous and complex, with higher requirements for the surrounding rock. The possible failure modes of tunnel anchorages under stress mainly include: overall deformation and instability failure of the mountain, shear failure of the surrounding rock, shear failure of the bond between the surrounding rock and the anchorage concrete, and anchor cable breakage and slippage. Due to the numerous technical issues and high construction difficulty involved in tunnel anchorages, their large-scale development has been hindered.

[0006] Meanwhile, the existing anchorage connection structure is complex, inconvenient, and not strong enough. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the aforementioned technical deficiencies, a prestressed rock anchor temporary anchorage is provided, comprising a connecting part, a rock anchor, and a backing cable. The connecting part includes a horizontal plate and a longitudinal plate. The longitudinal plate is elongated, and multiple longitudinal plates are longitudinally arranged on the side of the horizontal plate. The multiple longitudinal plates are arranged parallel to each other at intervals. A longitudinal beam is fixedly connected to the side of the longitudinal plate away from the horizontal plate. The rock anchor passes through the connecting part and is fixedly connected to the longitudinal beam. A horizontal beam is provided on the side of the longitudinal beam near the connecting part. The horizontal beam is perpendicularly inserted into the longitudinal plate, and the backing cable is fixedly installed on the horizontal beam.

[0008] Furthermore, the back cable and the rock anchor are subjected to forces in opposite directions.

[0009] Furthermore, both the longitudinal beams and the transverse beams are made of type II steel.

[0010] Furthermore, the longitudinal beam includes an upper plate and a lower plate, with two connecting plates perpendicularly connected between the upper and lower plates. The two connecting plates are arranged in parallel and spaced apart. Two stiffening plates are respectively provided on the sides of the two connecting plates that are far apart from each other. The upper end of the stiffening plate is connected to the upper plate, and the lower end of the stiffening plate is connected to the lower plate. A first stiffening plate is provided on the outer side of the upper plate, and a first connecting hole is provided on the first stiffening plate. A second connecting hole is provided on the lower plate. The first connecting hole and the second connecting hole are concentrically arranged between the stiffening plates.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple connecting holes one, connecting holes two, stiffening plate one, and stiffening plate two are evenly arranged along the length of the longitudinal beam.

[0012] Furthermore, an upper connector is inserted into the first connecting hole. The upper connector is T-shaped, with a lower end platform at its lower end, which abuts against the lower plate. A shoulder platform is provided in the middle of the upper connector, which abuts against the first stiffening plate. A through hole is provided in the middle of the upper connector, with a wedge-shaped hole at the upper end of the through hole. Three locking plates are provided in the wedge-shaped hole, which locks the rock anchor. An annular cylinder is provided at the lower end of the through hole, with an annular groove on the outer side of the annular cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, the groove is internally threaded to the external thread end of the lower connector. The lower connector has a through hole in the middle and a wedge-shaped hole near the external thread end. Three locking pieces are provided in the wedge-shaped hole. When the lower connector is connected to the upper connector, the end of the ring cylinder abuts against and squeezes the locking pieces in the wedge-shaped hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the lower connector is axially fixedly connected to multiple locking blocks, each of which is conical in shape. The cross-sectional area of ​​each locking block gradually increases in the direction away from the upper connector. The multiple locking blocks are evenly spaced on the lower connector and are fixedly connected inside the connector.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: 1. The connecting part only needs to support and position the longitudinal and transverse beams, and also realizes the connection and positioning between the rock anchor and the rock. At the same time, the connecting part does not need to bear tension and pressure, and the force between the rock anchor and the backing cable is converted into pressure through the longitudinal and transverse beams, simplifying the stress on the connecting part. The design strength requirements of the connecting part are reduced, production costs are reduced, and production efficiency is improved. The backing cable is directly connected to the transverse beam, and the rock anchor is directly connected to the longitudinal beam. This connection structure is simple, has high connection strength, and is easy to operate. At the same time, the longitudinal and transverse beams are squeezed against each other under the tension of the anchor cable, resulting in high structural strength and a relatively large stress on the anchor cable, which can prevent anchor deformation and anchor cable detachment. With this backing cable configuration, it can withstand 5000 tons of pressure without slippage, thus improving the tension of the anchor.

[0016] 2. The installation of stiffening plate one increases the bearing capacity of the longitudinal beam and improves its strength and rigidity. The installation of stiffening plate two also increases the torsional stiffness and compressive strength of the longitudinal beam, enabling it to withstand greater pressure and provide greater tension for the anchor cable.

[0017] 3. When the rock anchor is under tension, the tension is transmitted to the longitudinal beam through the shoulder of the upper connector. Simultaneously, the lower end of the upper connector transmits the tension of the rock anchor to the lower plate of the longitudinal beam. At this point, the tension of the rock anchor is evenly distributed to the longitudinal beam. Furthermore, the locking block on the outer side of the lower connector allows the tension of the rock anchor to be transmitted to the connecting part through the lower connector. Even if the longitudinal beam collapses or deforms under stress and fails, the rock anchor is fixed by the connecting part, preventing the entire anchorage from detaching from the anchor cable and improving the safety of the anchorage.

[0018] 4. By transferring tension to the rock through anchor cables, the counterweight of the large volume of concrete is replaced by a small portion of steel and concrete structures. This, combined with prestressed rock anchoring technology, utilizes the weight of the mountain to balance the counterweight, reducing site excavation, concrete usage, and the need for large sites, thus simplifying construction. It saves materials and avoids large-scale construction and environmental damage caused by site excavation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of II;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal beam structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the connection structure between the upper and lower connectors of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the connector of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the connector of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the locking plate structure of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Connecting part; 11. Horizontal plate; 12. Longitudinal plate; 2. Longitudinal beam; 21. Upper plate; 22. Lower plate; 23. Connecting hole one; 24. Connecting hole two; 25. Connecting plate; 3. Horizontal beam; 4. Backing cable; 5. Rock anchor; 6. Rib plate one; 7. Rib plate two; 8. Locking block; 9. Lower connector; 91. External thread end; 92. Wedge hole two; 10. Upper connector; 13. Shoulder platform; 14. Lower end platform; 15. Locking plate; 16. Wedge hole one; 17. Ring cylinder; 18. Groove. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-3A prestressed rock anchor temporary anchorage is provided, including a connecting part 1, a rock anchor 5, and a backing cable 4. The connecting part includes a horizontal plate 11 and a vertical plate 12. The vertical plate 12 is elongated. Multiple vertical plates 12 are arranged longitudinally on the side of the horizontal plate 11. The multiple vertical plates 12 are arranged parallel to each other at intervals. The side of the vertical plate 12 away from the horizontal plate 11 is fixedly connected to a longitudinal beam 2. The rock anchor 5 passes through the connecting part 1 and is fixedly connected to the longitudinal beam 2. A horizontal beam 3 is provided on the side of the longitudinal beam 2 near the connecting part 1. The horizontal beam is vertically inserted into the vertical plate 12. The backing cable 4 is fixedly installed on the horizontal beam 3.

[0034] Furthermore, the back cable 4 and the rock anchor 5 are subjected to forces in opposite directions.

[0035] Furthermore, both the longitudinal beam 2 and the transverse beam 3 are made of type II steel.

[0036] This configuration of the connecting part 1 only needs to support and position the longitudinal beam 2 and the transverse beam 3, and also achieves the connection and positioning between the rock anchor 5 and the rock. Simultaneously, the connecting part 1 does not bear tensile or compressive forces; instead, the force between the rock anchor 5 and the backing cable 4 is converted into compressive force through the longitudinal beam 2 and the transverse beam 3. This simplifies the stress on the connecting part 1, reduces the design strength requirements for the connecting part 1, lowers production costs, and improves production efficiency. The backing cable 4 is directly connected to the transverse beam 3, and the rock anchor 5 is directly connected to the longitudinal beam 2. This connection structure is simple, has high connection strength, and is easy to operate. At the same time, the longitudinal beam 2 and the transverse beam 3 are mutually compressed under the tension of the anchor cable, resulting in high structural strength and a relatively large stress on the anchor cable. This prevents anchor deformation and anchor cable detachment. With this configuration, the backing cable 4 can withstand 5000 tons of pressure without slippage, increasing the anchor's tensile strength.

[0037] Example 2, please refer to Figures 4-11 A prestressed rock anchorage temporary anchorage is provided, including a longitudinal beam 2. The longitudinal beam 2 includes an upper plate 21 and a lower plate 22. Two connecting plates 25 are vertically connected between the upper plate 21 and the lower plate 22. The two connecting plates 25 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart. Two stiffening plates 7 are respectively provided on the sides of the two connecting plates 25 that are far apart from each other. The upper end of the stiffening plate 7 is connected to the upper plate 21, and the lower end of the stiffening plate 7 is connected to the lower plate 22. A first stiffening plate 6 is provided on the outer side of the upper plate 21. A first connecting hole 23 is provided on the first stiffening plate 6. A second connecting hole 24 is provided on the lower plate 22. The first connecting hole 23 and the second connecting hole 24 are concentrically arranged between the stiffening plates 7.

[0038] Furthermore, multiple connecting holes 1 23, connecting holes 24, stiffening plate 1 6 and stiffening plate 2 7 are evenly arranged along the length of the longitudinal beam 2.

[0039] The addition of stiffener 6 increases the load-bearing capacity of the longitudinal beam 2, improving its strength and rigidity. The addition of stiffener 7 also increases the torsional stiffness and compressive strength of the longitudinal beam 2, enabling it to withstand greater pressure and provide greater tension for the anchor cable.

[0040] Furthermore, an upper connector 10 is inserted into the connecting hole 23. The upper connector 10 is T-shaped. A lower end platform 14 is provided at the lower end of the upper connector 10, and the lower end platform 14 abuts against the lower plate 22. A shoulder platform 13 is provided in the middle of the upper connector 10, and the shoulder platform 13 abuts against the stiffening plate 6. A through hole is provided in the middle of the upper connector 10. A wedge-shaped hole 16 is provided at the upper end of the through hole. Three locking pieces 15 are provided in the wedge-shaped hole 16, and the locking pieces 15 lock the rock anchor 5. An annular cylinder 17 is provided at the lower end of the through hole, and an annular groove 18 is provided on the outer side of the annular cylinder 17.

[0041] Furthermore, the groove 18 is internally threaded to the external thread end 91 of the lower connector 9. The lower connector 9 has a through hole 2 in the middle. The part of the through hole 2 near the external thread end 91 has a wedge-shaped hole 2 92. Three locking pieces 15 are provided in the wedge-shaped hole 2 92. When the lower connector 9 is connected to the upper connector 10, the end of the ring cylinder 17 abuts against and squeezes the locking pieces 15 in the wedge-shaped hole 2 92.

[0042] Furthermore, a plurality of locking blocks 8 are axially fixedly connected to the lower connector 9. The locking blocks 8 are conical, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the locking blocks 8 gradually increases in the direction away from the upper connector 10. The plurality of locking blocks 8 are evenly spaced on the lower connector 9, and the plurality of locking blocks 8 are fixedly connected inside the connecting part 1.

[0043] During operation, the upper connector 10 is inserted into the connecting hole 23, the shoulder 13 abuts against the stiffening plate 6, the locking plate 15 is placed in the wedge hole 16, and the rock anchor 5 is inserted into the upper connector 10. The anchor cable is tightened so that the locking plate 15 fixes the anchor cable in the upper connector 10. Next, the external thread end 91 of the lower connector 9 is threaded into the groove 18 of the upper connector 10. The locking plate 15 in the wedge hole 92 of the lower connector 9 is pressed by the ring cylinder 17 of the upper connector 10, thus fixing the rock anchor 5 and the lower connector 9 together. At this time, the upper connector 10 and the lower connector 9 are also fixed together. When the rock anchor 5 is under tension, the tension is transmitted to the longitudinal beam 2 through the shoulder 13 of the upper connector 10. At the same time, the lower end 14 of the upper connector 10 transmits the tension of the rock anchor 5 to the lower plate 22 of the longitudinal beam 2. At this time, the tension of the rock anchor 5 can be evenly transmitted to the longitudinal beam 2. Meanwhile, the locking block 8 on the outside of the lower connector 9 can transfer the tension of the rock anchor 5 to the connecting part 1 through the lower connector 9. In this way, even if the longitudinal beam 2 collapses and deforms under stress and fails, the rock anchor 5 will be fixed by the connecting part 1, and the entire anchor will not detach from the anchor cable, thus improving the safety of the anchor.

[0044] Meanwhile, the prestressed rock anchor temporary anchorage of this application transfers the tension to the rock through the rock anchor 5, replacing the counterweight of the large volume of concrete with a small portion of the structural conversion steel structure and concrete. Assisting the prestressed rock anchor technology, it utilizes the weight of the mountain to balance the counterweight, reducing site excavation, concrete usage, and eliminating the need for large sites, thus facilitating construction. It saves materials and avoids large-scale site construction and environmental damage caused by site excavation.

[0045] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A prestressed rock anchor temporary anchor, comprising a connecting part (1), a rock anchor (5), and a backing cable (4), wherein the connecting part comprises a transverse plate (11) and a longitudinal plate (12), the longitudinal plate (12) being elongated, and multiple longitudinal plates (12) being longitudinally arranged on the side of the transverse plate (11), the multiple longitudinal plates (12) being arranged in parallel at intervals, characterized in that: The longitudinal plate (12) is fixedly connected to the longitudinal beam (2) on the side away from the transverse plate (11). The rock anchor (5) passes through the connecting part (1) and is fixedly connected to the longitudinal beam (2). A transverse beam (3) is provided on the side of the longitudinal beam (2) near the connecting part (1). The transverse beam is vertically inserted into the longitudinal plate (12). The back cable (4) is fixedly installed on the transverse beam (3). The longitudinal beam (2) includes an upper plate (21) and a lower plate (22). Two connecting plates (25) are vertically connected between the upper plate (21) and the lower plate (22). The two connecting plates (25) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart. Two stiffening plates (7) are respectively provided on the sides of the two connecting plates (25) that are far apart from each other. The upper end of the stiffening plate (7) is connected to the upper plate (21), and the lower end of the stiffening plate (7) is connected to the lower plate (22). A stiffening plate (6) is provided on the outer side of the upper plate (21). A connecting hole (23) is provided on the stiffening plate (6), and a connecting hole (24) is provided on the lower plate (22). The connecting hole (23) and the connecting hole (24) are arranged concentrically between the stiffening plates (7). An upper connector (10) is inserted into the first connecting hole (23). The upper connector (10) is T-shaped. A lower end platform (14) is provided at the lower end of the upper connector (10). The lower end platform (14) abuts against the lower plate (22). A shoulder platform (13) is provided in the middle of the upper connector (10). The shoulder platform (13) abuts against the first stiffening plate (6). A through hole is provided in the middle of the upper connector (10). A wedge-shaped hole (16) is provided at the upper end of the through hole. Three locking pieces (15) are provided in the wedge-shaped hole (16). The locking pieces (15) lock the rock anchor (5). An annular cylinder (17) is provided at the lower end of the through hole. An annular groove (18) is provided on the outer side of the annular cylinder (17). The groove (18) is internally threaded to the external thread end (91) of the lower connector (9). The lower connector (9) has a through hole two in the middle. The part of the through hole two near the external thread end (91) has a wedge hole two (92). Three locking pieces (15) are provided in the wedge hole two (92). When the lower connector (9) is connected to the upper connector (10), the end of the ring cylinder (17) abuts against and squeezes the locking pieces (15) in the wedge hole two (92). The lower connector (9) is externally axially fixedly connected to multiple locking blocks (8), and the multiple locking blocks (8) are fixedly connected inside the connector (1).

2. A prestressed rock anchor temporary anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back cable (4) and the rock anchor (5) are subjected to forces in opposite directions.

3. A prestressed rock anchor temporary anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the longitudinal beam (2) and the transverse beam (3) are made of type II steel.

4. A prestressed rock anchor temporary anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple connecting holes 1 (23) and multiple connecting holes 2 (24) are evenly arranged along the length direction of the longitudinal beam (2), and multiple stiffening plates 1 (6) and multiple stiffening plates 2 (7) are evenly arranged.

5. A prestressed rock anchor temporary anchorage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking block (8) is conical, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the locking block (8) gradually increases in the direction away from the upper connector (10). Multiple locking blocks (8) are evenly spaced on the lower connector (9).

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