Method for semi-arid cultivation of zizania latifolia

Abstract

The application discloses a method for semi-arid cultivation of zizania latifolia. The method comprises the following steps: ditching and ridging, covering the ridges, planting zizania latifolia, managing zizania field, harvesting zizania latifolia, and replanting. The method has the advantages of saving labor and cost, reducing labor intensity, realizing simple cultivation of zizania latifolia, saving water, fertilizer and pesticide, facilitating collection of zizania latifolia straw out of the field, reducing non-point source pollution, and being simple to operate and beneficial to popularization.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a method for semi-hydropneumatic planting of zizania latifolia. BACKGROUND

[0002] The water planting is a conventional planting method for the aquatic vegetable zizania latifolia, and has two drawbacks, the first aspect is that most of the farm operations need to walk in the water field, and the zizania farmer has a large labor intensity and is labor-consuming, and the work efficiency is low, under the current situation of continuous rise of labor cost, the planting benefit of zizania latifolia is greatly compressed, and the other aspect is that the conventional planting method needs a large amount of water in the field, occupies a large amount of water resources, and the overflow of sewage in the zizania field is easy to cause serious contamination to the surrounding water, and affects the sustainable development of the zizania latifolia industry.

[0003] At present, under the situation of continuous reduction of the number of agricultural practitioners and the increasingly serious aging of the practitioners, the light and simple cultivation is a development trend. Meanwhile, the requirement for the farmland ecological environment is higher and higher, and the water saving and pollution reduction in the zizania latifolia planting link is the focus and difficulty of the zizania latifolia production area. Therefore, developing a water saving and pollution reduction light and simple cultivation technology suitable for production application has become an urgent problem to be solved for promoting the sustainable development of the zizania latifolia industry. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application solves the problems in the prior art, and provides a method for semi-hydropneumatic planting of zizania latifolia, which can save labor and cost, reduce labor intensity, realize light and simple cultivation of zizania latifolia, save water and fertilizer, reduce pesticide, facilitate the collection of zizania latifolia straw out of the field, reduce the non-point source pollution, and is simple in operation and beneficial to popularization.

[0005] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve the technical problem is that the method for semi-hydropneumatic planting of zizania latifolia comprises the following steps:

[0006] Firstly, ditching and ridging, after the field is rotary plowed and drained and dried, ditching and ridging are performed, the ditch width is 45-50 cm, the ditch soil thickness is 20 cm, the ditched soil is piled on the ridge surface and flattened, the ridge height is 28 cm, a water ditch perpendicular to the ditch is dug at the field edge, all the water ditches in the field are connected, and water is stored in the ditch;

[0007] Secondly, covering the ridge surface, after the water stored in the ditch is higher than the ridge surface, the water level is lowered, the water level in the ditch is 18 cm, the dry ridge soil is moistened to facilitate the survival of seedlings, a 1.5-meter-wide mulch film is laid on the ridge surface, and the mulch film is fixed by pressing the soil, the dry ridge is easy to grow weeds, the use of the mulch film to control weeds is labor-saving and low in cost, and the water evaporation of the ridge surface can be reduced, the type of the mulch film can be determined according to the cultivation season, the white mulch film is selected for early spring cultivation, which is beneficial to early spring warming and early maturation of zizania latifolia, and the black mulch film is selected for summer cultivation, the wall of the water ditch is exposed to grow weeds, the base of the zizania latifolia plant is shaded, and the zizania meat is prevented from turning green during the zizania latifolia seed setting period;

[0008] Third step, planting of the water bamboo, 20 cm from the dry ridge planting water bamboo, double season water bamboo planting plant spacing 50 cm, single season water bamboo planting plant spacing 35 cm, planting first with thick 3 cm bamboo or iron pipe inserted planting hole, then planted into the water bamboo seedlings, summer cultivation with mud to seal the planting hole on the film, dry ridge row in the middle every 50 cm hole, prevent high temperature weather under the film hot gas from the planting hole to burn the young seedlings; according to the step of water bamboo per mu planting quantity and conventional planting consistent with;

[0009] Fourth step, water bamboo management, from planting to harvest, when the water level in the ditch is reduced to 8 cm, the water level is increased to 18 cm, which means that from planting to harvest, when the water level is reduced to 8 cm, the water level is increased to 18 cm, that is, the water level is kept between 8 cm and 18 cm, to ensure the water supply of the plant, water bamboo fertilization in the water ditch, water bamboo one growing season total amount of fertilizer is 80% of the conventional amount of fertilizer, the number of fertilization is increased twice, that is, the number of fertilization is increased twice than the conventional water bamboo, that is, the total number of fertilization is increased twice, but the amount of fertilizer is reduced in each fertilization, the amount of fertilizer is reduced, the concentration of water solution in the ditch is reduced, the effect of fertilizer application is improved, the concentration of fertilizer is too high, the root is damaged, the total amount of fertilizer is reduced, the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests refers to the conventional prevention and control method, the plant growth period only needs to be fertilized in the water ditch, the water bamboo is planted 20 cm from the ridge, which is convenient for the root system to absorb water and fertilizer in the ditch, and ensures the normal growth of the plant. Because the ditch is opened and the ridge is formed after the ditch is opened, the water and fertilizer leakage of the water bamboo field is reduced, the fertilizer is changed from the conventional whole field fertilization to concentrated application in the water ditch, so the amount of fertilizer can be reduced to 80% of the conventional amount of fertilizer. The prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests refers to the conventional prevention and control method, and no weed control is needed after the ridge is covered with film.

[0010] Fifth step, water bamboo harvesting, the water ditch and the dry ridge water bamboo row can be used as the operation path for water bamboo harvesting, the water bamboo straw is piled on the ridge or taken out of the water bamboo field, the conventional planting method is muddy in the water field, and the water bamboo and water bamboo straw are collected out of the field, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Under the condition of this technology, the water bamboo and straw are collected out of the field, which saves labor and time;

[0011] Sixth step, replanting, the water bamboo field needs to be replanted after the water bamboo is harvested, the water level of the water bamboo field is kept 3 cm higher than the ridge, the grass cutter is used to cut off the residue, and the grass cutter is used to stir the water in the field, so that the water level of the water bamboo field is kept 7-10 days higher than the ridge, so that the water bamboo can be quickly decomposed. The next water bamboo only needs to be planted between the old water bamboo, which can prevent the old water bamboo from growing again. Replanting does not need to be retilled and ditched, so that the ditch can be used for many years after 1 time ditching and ridge forming, which can reduce the cost of ditching and ridge forming, and the micro tiller is used to loosen the soil after the dry ridge is continuously used for many years.

[0012] Further, the above-mentioned method for semi-arid cultivation of water bamboo, in the first step, the field is plowed and drained and then ditched and leveled.

[0013] The method for semi-arid cultivation of water bamboo changes the traditional mode of water planting of water bamboo and forms a new planting mode, i.e., a semi-arid planting mode, which utilizes the water storage in the ditch between the ridges and plants water bamboo at 20 cm from the ridge, saves water under the condition of ensuring normal growth of water bamboo, reduces the water use amount compared with conventional water field water bamboo, changes the conventional water field water bamboo which needs full water storage, reduces the water use amount of the water field, and saves water, fertilizer and pesticide.

[0014] The method for semi-arid cultivation of water bamboo changes the traditional mode of water planting of water bamboo and forms a new planting mode, i.e., a semi-arid planting mode, which utilizes the water storage in the ditch between the ridges and plants water bamboo at 20 cm from the ridge, saves water under the condition of ensuring normal growth of water bamboo, reduces the water use amount compared with conventional water field water bamboo, changes the conventional water field water bamboo which needs full water storage, reduces the water use amount of the water field, and saves water, fertilizer and pesticide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The method for semi-arid cultivation of water bamboo changes the traditional mode of water planting of water bamboo and forms a new planting mode, i.e., a semi-arid planting mode, which utilizes the water storage in the ditch between the ridges and plants water bamboo at 20 cm from the ridge, saves water under the condition of ensuring normal growth of water bamboo, reduces the water use amount compared with conventional water field water bamboo, changes the conventional water field water bamboo which needs full water storage, reduces the water use amount of the water field, and saves water, fertilizer and pesticide.

[0016] Example 1

[0017] The method for semi-arid cultivation of water bamboo, comprising the following steps:

[0018] In the first step, the ditch is dug and the field is plowed and drained and then ditched and leveled, the ditch width is 45 cm, the ditch soil thickness is 20 cm, the ditch soil is piled on the ridge and leveled, the ridge height is 28 cm, a water ditch perpendicular to the ditch is dug at the edge of the field, all the water ditches in the field are connected, and water is stored in the ditch.

[0019] In the second step, after the water in the ditch is stored to overflow the ridge, the water level is lowered to 18 cm, a 1.5-meter-wide mulch is laid on the ridge, the mulch is fixed by pressing soil on it, and the wall of the water ditch is left bare to grow weeds.

[0020] In the third step, water bamboo is planted at 20 cm from the ridge, the double-season water bamboo variety is planted at a plant distance of 50 cm, and the single-season water bamboo variety is planted at a plant distance of 35 cm.

[0021] In the fourth step, the water bamboo is managed, from the planting to the end of harvesting, when the water level in the ditch is lowered to 8 cm, the water is stored to the water level of 18 cm, the fertilizer is applied in the water ditch, the amount of fertilizer is 80% of the conventional amount, the number of fertilization is increased by two times, and the disease and pest control of the water bamboo field refers to the conventional control method.

[0022] In the fifth step, the water bamboo is harvested, the water ditch and the water bamboo row between the ridges can be used as the operation path for harvesting the water bamboo, and the water bamboo straw is piled on the ridge or taken out of the field.

[0023] The sixth step is to replace the crop and replant. After the harvest of the Zizania aquatica, the water level of the Zizania aquatica field is kept 3 cm higher than the ridge, and the grass cutter is used to cut off the residues and stir the water in the field, so that the water level of the Zizania aquatica field is kept 7 days higher than the ridge to accelerate the decomposition of the Zizania aquatica stubble. The next crop of Zizania aquatica only needs to be planted between the old Zizania aquatica stubble.

[0024] Further, in the first step of the above-mentioned semi-arid cultivation method of Zizania aquatica, the field is plowed by a micro plow.

[0025] Example Two

[0026] The semi-arid cultivation method of Zizania aquatica includes the following steps:

[0027] The first step is to open a ditch and level a ridge. After the field is plowed and drained, a ditch is opened and a ridge is leveled. The ridge is 1.3 m wide, the ditch is 48 cm wide, and the ditch soil is 20 cm thick. The ditch soil is piled on the ridge and leveled. The ridge is 28 cm high. A water ditch perpendicular to the ridge ditch is dug at the edge of the field, so that all the water ditches in the field are connected, and water is stored in the ditch.

[0028] The second step is to cover the ridge. After the water in the ditch is stored to overflow the ridge, the water level is lowered to 18 cm in the ditch. A 1.5 m wide mulch is laid on the ridge, and the mulch is fixed by pressing the soil on it. The wall of the water ditch is exposed and allowed to grow weeds.

[0029] The third step is to plant Zizania aquatica. Zizania aquatica is planted 20 cm away from the edge of the dry ridge. The double-crop Zizania aquatica variety is planted with a plant spacing of 50 cm, and the single-crop Zizania aquatica variety is planted with a plant spacing of 35 cm.

[0030] The fourth step is to manage the Zizania aquatica field. From the time of planting to the end of harvesting, when the water level in the ditch is lowered to 8 cm, the water is stored to a water level of 18 cm in the ditch. Fertilization is done in the water ditch, and the amount of fertilizer is 80% of the conventional amount. The number of fertilization times is increased by two. The prevention and control of diseases and pests in the Zizania aquatica field refers to the conventional prevention and control method.

[0031] The fifth step is to harvest Zizania aquatica. The water ditch and the dry ridge between the Zizania aquatica rows can be used as the operation path for harvesting Zizania aquatica. The Zizania aquatica straw is piled on the ridge or taken out of the field.

[0032] The sixth step is to replace the crop and replant. After the harvest of the Zizania aquatica, the water level of the Zizania aquatica field is kept 3 cm higher than the ridge, and the grass cutter is used to cut off the residues and stir the water in the field, so that the water level of the Zizania aquatica field is kept 7 days higher than the ridge to accelerate the decomposition of the Zizania aquatica stubble. The next crop of Zizania aquatica only needs to be planted between the old Zizania aquatica stubble.

[0033] Further, in the first step of the above-mentioned semi-arid cultivation method of Zizania aquatica, the field is plowed by a micro plow.

[0034] Example Three

[0035] The semi-arid cultivation method of Zizania aquatica includes the following steps:

[0036] The first step is to open a ditch and to level a ridge. After the field is plowed and drained and dried, a ditch is opened and a ridge is leveled. The width of the ridge is 1.4 meters, the width of the ditch is 50 centimeters, and the thickness of the ditch soil is 20 centimeters. The ditch soil is piled on the ridge and leveled. The height of the ridge is 28 centimeters. A water ditch is dug at the edge of the field, which is perpendicular to the ridge ditch, so that all the water ditches in the field are connected, and water is stored in the ditch;

[0037] The second step is to cover the ridge. After the water stored in the ditch is higher than the ridge, the water level is lowered until the water level in the ditch is 18 centimeters. A 1.5-meter-wide mulch film is laid on the ridge, and the mulch film is fixed by pressing the soil thereon. The wall of the water ditch is exposed and allowed to grow weeds.

[0038] The third step is to plant the water bamboo. The water bamboo is planted 20 centimeters away from the edge of the dry ridge. The plant distance of the double-season water bamboo variety is 50 centimeters, and the plant distance of the single-season water bamboo variety is 35 centimeters.

[0039] The fourth step is to manage the water bamboo field. From the planting of the water bamboo to the end of the harvest, when the water level in the ditch is lowered to 8 centimeters, the water level is raised to 18 centimeters. The fertilizer is applied in the water ditch, and the amount of the fertilizer is 80% of the conventional amount. The number of fertilization is increased by two times. The disease and pest control of the water bamboo field refers to the conventional control method.

[0040] The fifth step is to harvest the water bamboo. The water ditch and the dry ridge water bamboo row can be used as the operation path for the water bamboo harvesting. The water bamboo straw is piled on the ridge or taken out of the field.

[0041] The sixth step is to replace the water bamboo and to replant. After the end of the harvest of the water bamboo, the water level in the water bamboo field is kept higher than the ridge by 3 centimeters. The residual plant is cut off by a mower, and the mower stirs the water in the field to keep the water level higher than the ridge by 7 days to accelerate the decomposition of the old water bamboo. The next water bamboo is planted only between the old water bamboo.

[0042] Further, in the first step, the field plowing is performed by using a micro plow.

[0043] The comparison between the water bamboo semi-dry planting method and the conventional double-season water bamboo summer water bamboo planting method is as follows.

[0044] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Conventional planting Workers per mu 14 13 12 18 Labor cost per mu (yuan) 2800 2600 2400 3600 Cost of mulching film per mu (yuan) 100 100 100 0 Water consumption per mu (m3) 170 150 180 400 Fertilizer application rate per mu (kg) 112 112 112 140 Herbicide application rate per mu (60g) 0 0 0 60 Yield per mu (kg) 2280 2260 2330 2310 Output value per mu (yuan) 8208 8136 8388 8316

[0045] Note: The labor cost is 200 yuan per unit. The fertilizer is ternary compound fertilizer (17:17:17). The herbicide is closed herbicide butachlor. The yield per mu and the yield value per mu of the water bamboo in the embodiment are basically the same as those in the conventional planting. In the field, the yield error in the embodiment is not within the range of yield increase or yield decrease.

[0046] From the above table, it can be seen that the water bamboo semi-dry planting method can save labor and cost, reduce labor intensity, save water and fertilizer, reduce drug use, and reduce non-point source pollution.

[0047] The method has the advantages that the method changes the traditional aquatic planting mode of the water bamboo, adopts the semi-arid planting mode, reduces the labor intensity, realizes the light and simple cultivation of the water bamboo, can save water, fertilizer and pesticide, facilitates the collection of the water bamboo straw out of the field, reduces the non-point source pollution, and is simple in operation and beneficial to promotion.

[0048] Although the present application has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes in form and detail can be made within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A semi-dry cultivation method for water bamboo, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) Ditching and ridge preparation: After the field is rotary tilled and drained, ditching and ridge preparation are carried out. The ridges are 1.2 to 1.4 meters wide, the ditches are 45 to 50 centimeters wide, and the soil in the ditches is 20 centimeters thick. The excavated soil from the ditches is piled on the ridge surface and leveled. The ridges are 28 centimeters high. Then, a water ditch is dug perpendicular to the ridge ditch at the edge of the field to connect all the water ditches in the field and store water in the ditch. (2) Cover the furrows and lower the water level after the furrows are filled with water until the water level in the furrows is 18 cm. Lay a 1.5-meter-wide plastic film on the furrows and fix it with soil. Leave the walls of the ditch bare and let weeds grow on them. (3) Planting of water bamboo: Plant water bamboo 20 cm away from the edge of the dry bed. Planting spacing for double-season water bamboo varieties is 50 cm and for single-season water bamboo varieties is 35 cm. (4) Management of water chestnut fields: From the time the plants are planted until the end of the harvest, when the water level in the ditch drops to 8 cm, fill the ditch with water until the water level in the ditch reaches 18 cm. Fertilizer is applied to the water ditch. The total amount of fertilizer applied to water chestnuts in one growing season is 80% of the conventional amount of fertilizer, and the number of fertilizations is increased by two. The prevention and control of diseases and pests in water chestnut fields should refer to the conventional prevention and control methods. (5) Harvesting of water bamboo: Water ditches and the spaces between water bamboo rows in dry ridges can be used as harvesting routes for water bamboo. Water bamboo stalks are piled on the ridge surface or taken out of the water bamboo field in a concentrated manner. (6) Replanting: After the harvest of water chestnuts, keep the water level of the water chestnut field 3 cm above the bed surface. Use a mower to cut off the remaining plants at the mud surface. At the same time, the mower stirs up the water in the field and keeps the water level of the water chestnut field above the bed surface for 7 to 10 days to accelerate the rotting of the water chestnut mounds. The next crop of water chestnuts can be planted between the old water chestnut mounds.

2. The semi-dry cultivation method for water chestnuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the rotary tillage of the field is carried out using a micro-tiller.