A landing gear shock absorber performance testing method and device under multi-directional load impact

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and device for testing the performance of a landing gear shock absorber under multi-directional load impact, and belongs to the technical field of aviation shock absorber performance testing. The method comprises: step one, based on industry standards, analyzing the test requirements to obtain test indicators; step two, collecting actual operating data of the landing gear shock absorber in flight service, and performing load feature identification based on the actual operating data; step three, designing a load simulation scheme based on the test indicators and the results of load feature identification, and performing load simulation based on the designed load simulation scheme; real-time acquisition and monitoring of the operating data during the simulation process; step four, performing a comprehensive performance evaluation of the landing gear shock absorber based on the operating data, and compiling a test report based on the evaluation. The present invention provides a comprehensive, accurate and efficient solution for the performance testing and evaluation of the landing gear shock absorber of general aviation aircraft, which is of great significance to improving the design quality, operating safety and riding experience of aircraft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation shock absorber performance testing, and in particular relates to a method and a device for testing the performance of a landing gear shock absorber under multi-directional load impact. Background Art

[0002] During takeoff, landing and taxiing, the landing gear system of general aviation aircraft is subjected to complex loads. As a key component to buffer these loads, the landing gear shock absorber is responsible for absorbing and dissipating the impact and vibration energy during takeoff, landing and taxiing. Its performance directly affects the safety of flight and the comfort of riding. At present, the performance evaluation of landing gear shock absorbers mostly focuses on the influence of vertical loads. The buffering capacity is mainly evaluated by performing drop shock tests and simulation calculation analysis on the landing gear system. There is a lack of testing and verification methods and equipment for comprehensive performance evaluation of shock absorbers.

[0003] However, in actual flight service, landing gear shock absorbers not only have to bear the impact of vertical loads, but also the impact of lateral and axial loads, especially in non-ideal landing conditions, such as crosswind landing or runway deviation, the effects of lateral and axial loads will become more significant. The combined effect of such complex multi-directional loads may lead to unexpected performance responses of shock absorbers, increase the risk of structural damage, and thus endanger flight safety.

[0004] The existing test methods fail to fully consider the impact of multi-directional loads in the lateral, azimuth and vertical directions, resulting in a lack of comprehensive evaluation of the performance of landing gear shock absorbers. In addition, the lack of a comprehensive test method and device that can simulate the multi-directional load impact conditions in actual operation makes it impossible for existing technologies to fully predict and improve the performance of shock absorbers under complex landing conditions.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new testing method and device that can comprehensively consider the impact effects of lateral, azimuth and vertical loads and comprehensively evaluate the performance of general aviation aircraft landing gear shock absorbers to improve their safety and reliability. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and proposes a landing gear shock absorber performance test method and device under multi-directional load impact. Through typical load characteristic analysis and identification and load simulation scheme design, it can accurately simulate and apply the lateral, heading and vertical complex load conditions that may be encountered in flight service, ensure that the test conditions truly reflect the various conditions in the actual operating environment of the aircraft, and achieve a comprehensive performance evaluation of all operating conditions that the shock absorber may encounter in actual flight, including its energy absorption efficiency, stress-strain characteristics and stability under specific environmental conditions under different load impacts. High-precision load control and adjustment mechanism, as well as efficient data acquisition and analysis process, can significantly improve test efficiency and evaluation reliability.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: a method for testing the performance of a landing gear shock absorber under multi-directional load impact, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Analyze the test requirements based on industry standards and obtain test indicators;

[0009] Step 2: collecting actual operation data of the landing gear shock absorber in flight service, and performing load feature identification based on the actual operation data;

[0010] Step 3: design a load simulation scheme based on the test index and the results of load feature identification, and perform load simulation based on the designed load simulation scheme; collect and monitor the operation data during the simulation process in real time;

[0011] Step 4: Perform a comprehensive performance evaluation of the landing gear shock absorber based on the operating data, and prepare a test report based on the evaluation.

[0012] Further preferably, step 2 comprises:

[0013] Step 21: collecting the actual operation data, wherein the actual operation data includes: flight recorder data, maintenance record data, and flight simulator test data;

[0014] Step 22: Analyze the actual operation data using statistical analysis methods and data mining techniques to identify parameters of load characteristics; the parameters include: typical impact energy, peak value, shape and history of the load;

[0015] Step 23: Based on the identification and analysis results of the load characteristics, several representative simulation conditions are selected, and risk assessment is performed on the simulation conditions. The results of the risk assessment are used to give priority to high-risk conditions during the load simulation test.

[0016] Further preferably, step three includes:

[0017] Step 31: Determine the load type and load characteristics to be simulated based on the test index and the identification and analysis results of the load characteristics;

[0018] Step 32: Select a simulation device based on the load type and load characteristics;

[0019] Step 33, determining simulation parameters of the simulated load, wherein the simulation parameters include: load magnitude, application frequency and duration;

[0020] Step 34: Collect the operating data during the load application process, and adjust and optimize the load application process based on data analysis software in combination with the simulation parameters and the operating data.

[0021] Further preferably, step four includes:

[0022] Step 41: Summarize and preprocess the operation data to obtain standardized operation data;

[0023] Step 42: extracting features from the standardized operating data to obtain key features representing shock absorber performance;

[0024] Step 43: Based on the key features and the test indicators, evaluate the results of the comprehensive performance evaluation of the shock absorber;

[0025] Step 44: Prepare the test report based on the evaluation.

[0026] The present invention also provides a landing gear shock absorber performance test device under multi-directional load impact, the device is used to implement the above method, including: an analysis device, a feature recognition device, a load simulation device and an evaluation device;

[0027] The analysis device is used to analyze the test requirements based on industry standards to obtain test indicators;

[0028] The feature recognition device is used to collect actual operation data of the landing gear shock absorber in flight service, and perform load feature recognition based on the actual operation data;

[0029] The load simulation device is used to design a load simulation scheme based on the test index and the results of load feature identification, perform load simulation based on the designed load simulation scheme; and collect and monitor the operation data during the simulation process in real time;

[0030] The evaluation device is used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of the landing gear shock absorber based on the operating data, and to prepare a test report based on the evaluation.

[0031] Further preferably, the feature recognition device comprises: a first acquisition module, a first analysis module and a working condition evaluation module;

[0032] The first acquisition module is used to acquire the actual operation data, and the actual operation data includes: flight recorder data, maintenance record data and flight simulator test data;

[0033] The first analysis module is used to analyze the actual operation data using statistical analysis methods and data mining technology to identify parameters of load characteristics; the parameters include: typical impact energy, peak value, shape and history of the load;

[0034] The working condition assessment module is used to select several representative simulation working conditions based on the identification and analysis results of the load characteristics, and perform risk assessment on the simulation working conditions. The results of the risk assessment are used to give priority to high-risk working conditions during the load simulation test.

[0035] Further preferably, the load simulation device comprises: a first simulation module, a second simulation module, a third simulation module and a data acquisition and analysis system;

[0036] The first simulation module is used to determine the load type and load characteristics to be simulated based on the test index and the identification and analysis results of the load characteristics;

[0037] The second simulation module is used to select a simulation device based on the load type and load characteristics;

[0038] The third simulation module is used to determine simulation parameters of the simulated load, and the simulation parameters include: load size, application frequency and duration;

[0039] The data acquisition and analysis system is used to acquire the operating data during the load application process, and based on the data analysis software, the load application process is adjusted and optimized in combination with the simulation parameters and the operating data.

[0040] Further preferably, the evaluation device comprises: a preprocessing module, a feature extraction module, an evaluation module and a report preparation module;

[0041] The preprocessing module is used to summarize and preprocess the operation data to obtain standardized operation data;

[0042] The feature extraction module is used to extract features from the standardized operating data to obtain key features representing the performance of the shock absorber;

[0043] The evaluation module is used to evaluate the results of the comprehensive performance evaluation of the shock absorber based on the key features and the test indicators;

[0044] The report preparation module is used to prepare the test report based on the evaluation.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] Through detailed load feature analysis and identification, the present invention can accurately simulate the complex three-dimensional (lateral, heading and vertical) load conditions encountered in actual aircraft operation. This capability ensures a high degree of consistency between the test environment and the actual operating environment, thereby improving the applicability and reliability of the test results.

[0047] Using advanced load application and monitoring technology, the present invention achieves precise control and real-time adjustment of the test load. This precision ensures the stability and repeatability of the test process, allowing highly customized load application for specific test requirements, thereby deeply evaluating the performance of the shock absorber.

[0048] The present invention not only focuses on the performance of the shock absorber under a single load condition, but also can evaluate its overall performance under the action of combined loads. This is crucial for understanding and improving the performance of the shock absorber in actual use, and helps to design a more robust and efficient shock absorption system.

[0049] Through comprehensive and accurate performance evaluation, the present invention helps to timely discover potential defects and performance deficiencies of shock absorbers, thereby guiding optimization during the design and manufacturing process, which directly contributes to improving the overall safety and comfort of the aircraft and increasing the confidence of passengers and crew members. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing the performance of a landing gear shock absorber under multi-directional load impact according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a lateral and directional impact module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a vertical impact module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of a control system for a simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 6Schematic diagram of typical time history of three-dimensional loads during landing impact of the front landing gear according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of typical time history of three-dimensional loads during landing impact of the main landing gear according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0060] Embodiment 1:

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for testing the performance of a landing gear shock absorber under multi-directional load impact, comprising the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Analyze the test requirements based on industry standards and obtain test indicators.

[0063] Specifically, the test objectives are first defined. In this embodiment, the test objectives are mainly used to evaluate the performance, durability and environmental adaptability of the shock absorber under actual operating conditions, which are specifically reflected in the energy absorption efficiency, stress-strain characteristics and stability of the shock absorber under specific environmental conditions. At the same time, various operating conditions encountered by the shock absorber during actual use, such as different types of landing impacts, climate change and long-term wear, are considered to determine a series of test indicators for evaluating the performance of the shock absorber.

[0064] In this embodiment, the test indicators include:

[0065] Static characteristics test indicators:

[0066] Stiffness Test: Measures the elastic modulus and overall structural stiffness of the shock absorber under different static loads.

[0067] Damping characteristic test: Evaluate the damping force of the shock absorber at different reciprocating actuation speeds, including tension and compression stages.

[0068] Dynamic characteristics test indicators:

[0069] Frequency Response Testing: Determines the shock absorber's response to different actuation frequency inputs, including vibration absorption capacity and reaction speed.

[0070] Durability test: simulates the performance changes of the shock absorber under long-term load and evaluates its durability and reliability.

[0071] Leak test: Check the tightness of the shock absorber after long-term testing and evaluate hydraulic oil or gas leakage.

[0072] Three-way load impact performance test indicators:

[0073] Lateral impact test: focuses on simulating lateral impact during crosswind landing or runway deviation to evaluate the lateral stability of the shock absorber.

[0074] Heading impact test: focuses on simulating the rotational load impact at the moment of landing contact and evaluating the response and damping effect of the shock absorber.

[0075] Vertical impact test: simulates the vertical impact of an aircraft landing, mainly evaluating the energy absorption and cushioning performance of the shock absorber.

[0076] Three-way joint impact test: Comprehensively consider the joint effect of three-way loads to evaluate the overall performance of the shock absorber under complex three-way load conditions.

[0077] Environmental adaptability test indicators:

[0078] Temperature test: Evaluate the performance stability of the shock absorber under the influence of temperature.

[0079] Humidity and salt spray test: Check the performance stability of the shock absorber in high humidity and salt spray environment.

[0080] Impact Withstand Test: Evaluates the performance stability of the shock absorber under long-term intermittent impact loads.

[0081] Step 2: Collect the actual operation data of the landing gear shock absorber in flight service, and identify the load characteristics based on the actual operation data.

[0082] Specifically, step two includes:

[0083] Step 21: Collect actual operating data of the landing gear shock absorber under different flight and landing conditions. The actual operating data includes: flight recorder data, maintenance record data, and flight simulator test data; in particular, record information about lateral, heading, and vertical loads, such as crosswind landing, emergency braking, and uneven runway landing.

[0084] Step 22: Analyze the actual operation data using statistical analysis methods and data mining technology to identify parameters of load characteristics; the parameters include: typical impact energy, peak value, shape and history of the load.

[0085] Step 23: Based on the results of load feature identification and analysis, select several representative simulation conditions, which cover various situations encountered by the shock absorber in actual use, including scenarios under normal operating conditions and scenarios under extreme and special conditions. Perform risk assessment on the simulated conditions to assess which conditions may cause shock absorber performance degradation or failure. The results of the risk assessment are used to give priority to high-risk conditions during the load simulation test.

[0086] At the same time, in order to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the load characteristics, relevant technical literature and industry standards are reviewed, including safety standards, performance test standards and related scientific research reports in the aviation industry. This helps to verify the load characteristics obtained through actual operation data analysis and ensure the scientificity and standardization of the test plan.

[0087] Step 3: Design a load simulation scheme based on the test indicators and the results of load feature identification, and perform load simulation based on the designed load simulation scheme; collect and monitor the operating data in real time during the simulation process.

[0088] Specifically, step three includes:

[0089] Step 31: Based on the test indicators and the identification and analysis results of the load characteristics, determine the load type to be simulated and the load characteristics under extreme operating conditions (such as crosswind landing, single-engine landing, etc.) and normal operating conditions; wherein the load types include: lateral load, heading load and vertical load.

[0090] Step 32: Based on the load type and load characteristics, select the simulation device; for example, a servo hydraulic actuator is used for vertical loads, and a voice coil motor is used for lateral and axial loads. The simulation device can be selected to meet the requirements of applying multi-directional loads simultaneously or separately to simulate the complex mechanical environment encountered by the shock absorber during actual operation.

[0091] Step 33: Determine simulation parameters of the simulated load, including load size, application frequency and duration; determine the sequence and combination of load application to simulate load changes in different flight phases and special circumstances.

[0092] At the same time, the load simulation plan is recorded in detail in the document, including the simulation purpose, equipment selection, parameter setting, and application method.

[0093] Step 34: collect the operating data during the load application process, and adjust and optimize the load application process based on the data analysis software in combination with the simulation parameters and the operating data.

[0094] According to the simulation equipment and simulation parameters of the simulation scheme determined in the above steps, first install and debug the required simulation equipment modules, including servo-hydraulic actuators, voice coil motors, etc. And conduct a comprehensive safety check on the simulation equipment to ensure that all equipment meets safety standards to prevent accidents during the test. Among them, vertical load application: use a servo-hydraulic actuator to simulate the vertical impact load according to the predetermined load curve, simulating the vertical pressure on the shock absorber when the aircraft lands. Lateral and axial load application: use a voice coil motor that can adjust the angle and position in the horizontal plane to load the combined force of the lateral and axial loads, simulating situations such as crosswind landing or yaw. Composite load simulation: In some tests, it may be necessary to apply multi-directional loads at the same time to simulate complex load conditions in actual use. Ensure that the load application method can accurately reflect the characteristics of these composite loads.

[0095] Configure high-precision sensors (such as force sensors, displacement sensors, accelerometers, and ensure data accuracy and reliability by calibrating sensors and setting appropriate sampling frequencies.) to collect data at key locations, including: load size, application speed, shock absorber displacement and other key parameters. During the load application process, monitor key parameters such as load curve, application speed and duration in real time to ensure that they are consistent with the predetermined simulation plan. Synchronously collect data from each sensor to ensure the timing consistency between data. Record the collected data in real time, including timestamps, sampling values ​​and other information.

[0096] Real-time data analysis software is used to display the real-time status of load application in a timely manner, including whether there are any deviations. If necessary, the load application process is adjusted according to the real-time monitoring results to ensure the accuracy of the test conditions and the reliability of the test results. According to the load simulation plan, the adjustment strategy that may be needed is preset to quickly respond to any deviations found by the monitoring system. Where possible, the load application mechanism can be adjusted by automatic control systems, such as automatically adjusting the output of the servo-hydraulic actuator to ensure that the applied load always remains within the predetermined range. Real-time monitoring detects loads that exceed the predetermined range or other abnormal conditions, and immediately triggers the alarm system. When serious deviations or equipment failures are detected, emergency stop operations are automatically performed to protect the shock absorber and test equipment from damage. And a detailed analysis of the abnormal situation that occurs is carried out, and its causes, effects, and measures taken are recorded to provide improvement directions for future tests.

[0097] At the same time, the integrity and accuracy of the collected data are regularly evaluated to promptly identify and resolve possible problems, such as signal interference, data loss, etc. Each step and parameter of the load application during the entire real-time monitoring process, including load size, application time, shock absorber response, etc., and any adjustments and abnormal responses are documented in detail to provide a basis for test reports and subsequent analysis.

[0098] Step 4: Conduct comprehensive performance evaluation of the landing gear shock absorber based on the operating data and prepare a test report based on the evaluation.

[0099] Specifically, step four includes:

[0100] Step 41: Summarize and preprocess the operation data to obtain standardized operation data.

[0101] Among them, preprocessing includes: noise removal, data smoothing and standardization.

[0102] Step 42: extract features from the standardized operating data to obtain key features representing the performance of the shock absorber, including peak value, average value, and frequency component. These features represent the performance of the shock absorber.

[0103] Step 43: Based on the key features and test indicators, evaluate the results of the comprehensive performance evaluation of the shock absorber.

[0104] Statistical analysis methods, such as variance analysis and regression analysis, are used to analyze the regularity and variability of the data and evaluate the reliability and validity of the test results. After that, the performance of the shock absorber is evaluated based on the key characteristics and test indicators. The data during the test is analyzed to explain the performance of the shock absorber, including performance changes under different load conditions, and any performance problems or defects detected.

[0105] Static and dynamic performance analysis: Analyze the static stiffness, damping characteristics and dynamic response of the shock absorber at different frequencies to evaluate its energy absorption efficiency and buffering capacity.

[0106] Durability and reliability evaluation: Evaluate the durability and long-term working reliability of the shock absorber through test results of long-term or repeated load application.

[0107] Environmental adaptability evaluation: Analyze the test data of the shock absorber under different environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, and salt spray) to evaluate its environmental adaptability.

[0108] Step 44: Prepare a test report based on the evaluation.

[0109] Summarize all relevant test data and analysis results, including load application parameters, shock absorber response data, and records of any abnormal conditions. Describe each step of the test in detail in the report, including the setup of the test equipment, the method of applying the load, the data collection process, and any special measures taken. Organize the analysis results into a report, including data charts, performance evaluation results, conclusions, and recommendations, to provide a basis for subsequent performance optimization and decision-making. Prepare a comprehensive performance evaluation report, which records the test process, analysis results, performance evaluation, and improvement suggestions in detail. Based on the data analysis, evaluate the overall performance of the shock absorber, point out its performance in various test indicators, and the differences compared to design requirements and industry standards. Based on the performance analysis and comparison results, identify problems or deficiencies in the shock absorber performance. For the identified problems, propose specific improvement measures and suggestions to optimize the design and performance of the shock absorber, including design modifications, material selection, or optimization of manufacturing processes.

[0110] Through internal audit and expert review, the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation report are ensured, and finally approved and released by the relevant person in charge. First, the test report is reviewed by internal members of the test team to ensure the accuracy of the data and the rationality of the analysis. Invite industry experts or third-party organizations to review the test report to obtain objective and authoritative opinions and suggestions. Make necessary modifications and improvements to the report based on the review opinions to ensure that the report content is comprehensive, accurate and easy to understand. The reviewed and revised test report is formally submitted to the relevant decision makers, project teams or customers as a basis for subsequent decisions and improvements. The final version of the test report is archived for future reference or audit. Ensure that all relevant data and analysis results are properly preserved.

[0111] Embodiment 2:

[0112] This embodiment provides a landing gear shock absorber performance test device under multi-directional load impact, including: an analysis device, a feature recognition device, a load simulation device and an evaluation device.

[0113] The analysis device is used to analyze the test requirements based on industry standards and obtain test indicators.

[0114] In this embodiment, the main test requirement is to evaluate the performance, durability and environmental adaptability of the shock absorber under actual operating conditions; specifically, it includes: the energy absorption efficiency, stress-strain characteristics and stability of the shock absorber under specific environmental conditions. At the same time, considering the various operating conditions encountered by the shock absorber in actual use, such as different types of landing impacts, climate change and long-term wear, a series of test indicators are determined to evaluate the performance of the shock absorber.

[0115] Test indicators include:

[0116] Static characteristics test indicators:

[0117] Stiffness Test: Measures the elastic modulus and overall structural stiffness of the shock absorber under different static loads.

[0118] Damping characteristic test: Evaluate the damping force of the shock absorber at different reciprocating actuation speeds, including tension and compression stages.

[0119] Dynamic characteristics test indicators:

[0120] Frequency Response Testing: Determines the shock absorber's response to different actuation frequency inputs, including vibration absorption capacity and reaction speed.

[0121] Durability test: simulates the performance changes of the shock absorber under long-term load and evaluates its durability and reliability.

[0122] Leak test: Check the tightness of the shock absorber after long-term testing and evaluate hydraulic oil or gas leakage.

[0123] Three-way load impact performance test indicators:

[0124] Lateral impact test: focuses on simulating lateral impact during crosswind landing or runway deviation to evaluate the lateral stability of the shock absorber.

[0125] Heading impact test: focuses on simulating the rotational load impact at the moment of landing contact and evaluating the response and damping effect of the shock absorber.

[0126] Vertical impact test: simulates the vertical impact of an aircraft landing, mainly evaluating the energy absorption and cushioning performance of the shock absorber.

[0127] Three-way joint impact test: Comprehensively consider the joint effect of three-way loads to evaluate the overall performance of the shock absorber under complex three-way load conditions.

[0128] Environmental adaptability test indicators:

[0129] Temperature test: Evaluate the performance stability of the shock absorber under the influence of temperature.

[0130] Humidity and salt spray test: Check the performance stability of the shock absorber in high humidity and salt spray environment.

[0131] Impact Withstand Test: Evaluates the performance stability of the shock absorber under long-term intermittent impact loads.

[0132] The feature recognition device is used to collect actual operating data of the landing gear shock absorber during flight service and to perform load feature recognition based on the actual operating data.

[0133] Specifically, the feature recognition device includes: a first acquisition module, a first analysis module and a working condition evaluation module.

[0134] The first acquisition module is used to collect the actual operation data of the landing gear shock absorber under different flight and landing conditions. The actual operation data includes: flight recorder data, maintenance record data and flight simulator test data; in particular, it records the lateral, heading and vertical load information, such as crosswind landing, emergency braking, uneven runway landing, etc.

[0135] The first analysis module is used to analyze the actual operation data using statistical analysis methods and data mining technology to identify the parameters of the load characteristics; the parameters include: typical impact energy, peak value, shape and history of the load.

[0136] The working condition assessment module is used to select several representative simulation working conditions based on the identification and analysis results of load characteristics. These working conditions cover various situations encountered by shock absorbers in actual use, including scenes under normal operating conditions and scenes under extreme and special conditions. Risk assessment is also performed on the simulated working conditions to assess which working conditions may cause shock absorber performance degradation or failure. The results of risk assessment are used to give priority to high-risk working conditions during load simulation testing.

[0137] At the same time, in order to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the load characteristics, relevant technical literature and industry standards are reviewed, including safety standards, performance test standards and related scientific research reports in the aviation industry. This helps to verify the load characteristics obtained through actual operation data analysis and ensure the scientificity and standardization of the test plan.

[0138] The load simulation device is used to design a load simulation scheme based on the test indicators and the results of load feature identification, and to perform load simulation based on the designed load simulation scheme; and to collect and monitor the operating data during the simulation process in real time.

[0139] Specifically, the load simulation device includes: a first simulation module, a second simulation module, a third simulation module and a data acquisition and analysis system.

[0140] The first simulation module is used to determine the load type that needs to be simulated and the load characteristics under extreme operating conditions (such as crosswind landing, single-engine landing, etc.) and normal operating conditions based on the test indicators and the identification and analysis results of the load characteristics; among which, the load types include: lateral load, heading load and vertical load.

[0141] The second simulation module is used to select simulation equipment based on load type and load characteristics, such as servo hydraulic actuators for vertical loads and voice coil motors for lateral and axial loads. The selection of simulation equipment can meet the requirements of applying multi-directional loads simultaneously or separately to simulate the complex mechanical environment encountered by the shock absorber during actual operation.

[0142] In this embodiment, Figure 2As shown, the simulation equipment specifically includes: lateral (axial) and azimuth impact modules, vertical impact modules, and load precision control modules. Figure 5 As shown, this is the control block diagram of the analog device.

[0143] Among them, Figure 3 As shown, the lateral and directional impact module loads the shock absorber with the combined force of lateral and directional loads through the voice coil motor and the impact mass block. The lower end of the shock absorber is connected through an auxiliary fixture slide. In order to facilitate the replacement of the fixture, the auxiliary fixture is connected to the mobile slide in a rotatable hinge or bolted manner. The voice coil motor can adjust the angle and position in the horizontal plane to achieve the loading of the combined force of lateral and directional loads. This is also in line with the characteristic that the shock absorber is subjected to the combined force of lateral and directional loads in the horizontal plane under actual working conditions. After receiving the signal from the motion controller, the voice coil motor reciprocates according to the speed value or driving force value input in advance, driving the mass block to form a directional impact.

[0144] like Figure 4 As shown, the vertical impact module applies vertical load to the shock absorber through the hydraulic actuator. When the motion controller transmits a signal, the hydraulic actuator drives the crossbeam to move up and down, generating a vertical impact load on the shock absorber. The actuation stroke of the shock absorber and the vertical force received are measured through the displacement sensor on the crossbeam and the force sensor on the fixture.

[0145] The load precision control module achieves the function of precise control of the heading impact load through the controllable output of the voice coil motor and the impact block with replaceable mass. The load precision control module includes: impact force control submodule and impact energy control submodule.

[0146] The impact force control submodule adopts computer control mode, and the test impact force is set through the human-machine interface, so that the force is fixed in each cycle. At the end of each set of cycles, the set impact force value can be changed. In the same set of cycles, the mass block can be replaced. By controlling the impact force of the motor and changing the mass of the mass block, different speed tests can be achieved under the same impact force.

[0147] The impact energy control submodule first sets the voice coil motor speed to be constant through the human-machine interface, and controls the impact energy by increasing the mass of the mass block in sequence. By controlling the impact force of the motor and changing the mass of the mass block, different impact energies can be tested at the same impact speed.

[0148] The control principle is: after the motion controller receives the signal, it controls the voice coil motor to generate a heading force, drives the mass block to impact, and generates a heading impact on the shock absorber. The pressure sensor, temperature sensor and displacement sensor placed on the load-bearing ring detect the heading force, temperature, and heading micro-deformation of the shock absorber in real time, and transmit the data to the motion controller. This data will be used as output to obtain the corresponding performance indicators and draw the corresponding curve. The speed, acceleration, and driving force of the voice coil motor will also be measured by the sensors built into the voice coil motor and transmitted to the motion controller output, and the speed of the voice coil motor will be closed-loop controlled to keep the speed constant.

[0149] The third simulation module is used to determine the simulation parameters of the simulated load, which include: load size, application frequency and duration; determine the sequence and combination of load application, and simulate load changes in different flight phases and special circumstances.

[0150] At the same time, the load simulation plan is recorded in detail in the document, including the simulation purpose, equipment selection, parameter setting, and application method.

[0151] The data acquisition and analysis system is used to collect operating data during the load application process. Based on the data analysis software, the load application process is adjusted and optimized in combination with simulation parameters and operating data.

[0152] The data acquisition and analysis system consists of an uninterruptible power supply UPS, motion controller analog signal acquisition part, signal conditioner, piezoelectric force sensor, magnetic scale, and temperature sensor. The data acquisition and analysis system includes a data acquisition submodule and a data analysis submodule; the data acquisition submodule monitors various parameters inside and outside the shock absorber in real time through sensors and transmits them to the data analysis submodule.

[0153] The working process of the data acquisition and analysis system includes:

[0154] According to the simulation equipment and simulation parameters of the simulation scheme determined above, first install and debug the required simulation equipment modules, including servo-hydraulic actuators, voice coil motors, etc. And conduct a comprehensive safety check on the simulation equipment to ensure that all equipment meets safety standards to prevent accidents during the test. Among them, vertical load application: use a servo-hydraulic actuator to simulate the vertical impact load according to the predetermined load curve, simulating the vertical pressure on the shock absorber when the aircraft lands. Lateral and axial load application: use a voice coil motor that can adjust the angle and position in the horizontal plane to load the combined force of the lateral and axial loads, simulating situations such as crosswind landing or yaw. Composite load simulation: In some tests, it may be necessary to apply multi-directional loads at the same time to simulate complex load conditions in actual use. Ensure that the load application method can accurately reflect the characteristics of these composite loads.

[0155] Configure high-precision sensors (such as force sensors, displacement sensors, accelerometers, and ensure data accuracy and reliability by calibrating sensors and setting appropriate sampling frequencies.) to collect data at key locations, including: load size, application speed, shock absorber displacement and other key parameters. During the load application process, monitor key parameters such as load curve, application speed and duration in real time to ensure that they are consistent with the predetermined simulation plan. Synchronously collect data from each sensor to ensure the timing consistency between data. Record the collected data in real time, including timestamps, sampling values ​​and other information.

[0156] Use real-time data analysis software to display the real-time status of load application in a timely manner, including whether there are any deviations. And draw corresponding graphics, such as work diagrams, load-stroke curves, etc.; if necessary, adjust the load application process according to the real-time monitoring results to ensure the accuracy of the test conditions and the reliability of the test results. According to the load simulation plan, preset the adjustment strategy that may be needed to quickly respond to any deviations found by the monitoring system. Where possible, the load application mechanism can be adjusted by automatic control systems, such as automatically adjusting the output of servo hydraulic actuators to ensure that the applied load always remains within the predetermined range. Real-time monitoring detects loads that exceed the predetermined range or other abnormal conditions, and immediately triggers the alarm system. When serious deviations or equipment failures are detected, emergency stop operations are automatically performed to protect the shock absorber and test equipment from damage. And conduct a detailed analysis of the abnormal conditions that occur, record their causes, effects, and measures taken, and provide improvement directions for future tests.

[0157] At the same time, the integrity and accuracy of the collected data are regularly evaluated to promptly identify and resolve possible problems, such as signal interference, data loss, etc. Each step and parameter of the load application during the entire real-time monitoring process, including load size, application time, shock absorber response, etc., and any adjustments and abnormal responses are documented in detail to provide a basis for test reports and subsequent analysis.

[0158] The evaluation device is used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of the landing gear shock absorber based on the operating data and to prepare a test report based on the evaluation.

[0159] Specifically, the evaluation device includes: a preprocessing module, a feature extraction module, an evaluation module and a report preparation module.

[0160] The preprocessing module is used to summarize and preprocess the operating data to obtain standardized operating data; wherein the preprocessing includes: noise removal, data smoothing and standardization, etc.

[0161] The feature extraction module is used to extract features from the standardized operating data to obtain key features that represent the performance of the shock absorber, including peak value, average value, and frequency component. These features represent the performance of the shock absorber.

[0162] The evaluation module is used to evaluate the results of the comprehensive performance evaluation of the shock absorber based on key characteristics and test indicators;

[0163] The evaluation module uses statistical analysis methods, such as variance analysis and regression analysis, to analyze the regularity and variability of the data and evaluate the reliability and validity of the test results. After that, the performance of the shock absorber is evaluated based on the key characteristics and test indicators. The data during the test is analyzed to explain the performance of the shock absorber, including performance changes under different load conditions, and any performance problems or defects detected.

[0164] Static and dynamic performance analysis: Analyze the static stiffness, damping characteristics and dynamic response of the shock absorber at different frequencies to evaluate its energy absorption efficiency and buffering capacity.

[0165] Durability and reliability evaluation: Evaluate the durability and long-term working reliability of the shock absorber through test results of long-term or repeated load application.

[0166] Environmental adaptability evaluation: Analyze the test data of the shock absorber under different environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, and salt spray) to evaluate its environmental adaptability.

[0167] The report preparation module is used to prepare test reports based on the evaluation.

[0168] The working process of the report preparation module includes:

[0169] Summarize all relevant test data and analysis results, including load application parameters, shock absorber response data, and records of any abnormal conditions. Describe each step of the test in detail in the report, including the setup of the test equipment, the method of applying the load, the data collection process, and any special measures taken. Organize the analysis results into a report, including data charts, performance evaluation results, conclusions, and recommendations, to provide a basis for subsequent performance optimization and decision-making. Prepare a comprehensive performance evaluation report, which records the test process, analysis results, performance evaluation, and improvement suggestions in detail. Based on the data analysis, evaluate the overall performance of the shock absorber, point out its performance in various test indicators, and the differences compared to design requirements and industry standards. Based on the performance analysis and comparison results, identify problems or deficiencies in the shock absorber performance. For the identified problems, propose specific improvement measures and suggestions to optimize the design and performance of the shock absorber, including design modifications, material selection, or optimization of manufacturing processes.

[0170] Through internal audit and expert review, the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation report are ensured, and finally approved and released by the relevant person in charge. First, the test report is reviewed by internal members of the test team to ensure the accuracy of the data and the rationality of the analysis. Invite industry experts or third-party organizations to review the test report to obtain objective and authoritative opinions and suggestions. Make necessary modifications and improvements to the report based on the review opinions to ensure that the report content is comprehensive, accurate and easy to understand. The reviewed and revised test report is formally submitted to the relevant decision makers, project teams or customers as a basis for subsequent decisions and improvements. The final version of the test report is archived for future reference or audit. Ensure that all relevant data and analysis results are properly preserved.

[0171] Embodiment three:

[0172] This embodiment provides a three-way load common impact performance test, which is used to explain the above method and device in detail.

[0173] 1. Demand analysis and test indicator determination:

[0174] The test objective is to evaluate the performance of the shock absorbers when subjected to lateral, azimuth and vertical loads simultaneously, based on typical aircraft operating conditions and possible extreme situations that may be encountered.

[0175] Determine the test indicators, including the energy absorption efficiency, stress-strain response, long-term durability and environmental adaptability of the shock absorber under complex loads.

[0176] 2. Load characteristic analysis and identification:

[0177] Collect flight records, maintenance logs and simulation data, especially those containing lateral, azimuth and vertical load information; use statistical analysis tools to identify typical load characteristics under three-way impact, including load size, applied frequency, time history curve, etc.

[0178] 2.1 Equipment selection and configuration:

[0179] According to the load characteristics, vertical impact module, lateral impact module and azimuth impact module are selected, and the relative position and angle between the voice coil motor and the shock absorber are adjusted to apply precise dynamic loads in three directions.

[0180] The test platform is configured to simulate the complex loading conditions encountered by the landing gear in actual flight.

[0181] 2.2 Simulation parameter setting:

[0182] Set the application mode of lateral, azimuth and vertical loads, including load magnitude, duration and change frequency, to ensure that all actual working conditions that the shock absorber may encounter are covered.

[0183] In this embodiment, Figure 6 and Figure 7 The figure shows the typical time history of the three-dimensional loads during the landing impact of the front landing gear and the main landing gear, reflecting the changing characteristics of the three-dimensional loads during the landing process. The test reference HB6090-86 "General Technical Conditions for Aircraft Type I and II Hydraulic System Linear Actuators" Normal use of the actuator cycle number: 20,000 full stroke cycles. The actuation frequency is set to 10Hz.

[0184] Test execution:

[0185] 3. Load simulation and application:

[0186] 3.1 Load application process:

[0187] Apply three-dimensional loads simultaneously according to predetermined parameters, use the servo hydraulic system to apply vertical loads according to a predetermined scheme, and the voice coil motor applies the combined force of lateral and yaw loads. For example, simulate the asymmetric loads on the landing gear during a crosswind landing.

[0188] For each test condition, the test was repeated at least three times to ensure the consistency and reliability of the results.

[0189] 3.2 Real-time monitoring and adjustment:

[0190] High-precision sensors are used to monitor the load application and the response of the shock absorber in real time, and the load parameters are adjusted through an automatic feedback mechanism to ensure test accuracy.

[0191] 3.3 Real-time load monitoring and adjustment:

[0192] The load application status is monitored in real time through high-precision sensors and data acquisition systems to ensure accurate application and synchronization of loads in each direction. If the load deviates from the preset parameters, the output of the actuation system is adjusted immediately to ensure precise control of the test conditions.

[0193] 4. Data collection and analysis:

[0194] 4.1 Data Collection:

[0195] The response data of the shock absorber, including displacement, velocity, stress and strain, are recorded synchronously.

[0196] The collected data is analyzed in detail to evaluate the comprehensive performance of the shock absorber under three-way joint impact.

[0197] 4.2 Data Analysis:

[0198] The collected data are analyzed using data processing software to extract key performance indicators.

[0199] Data processing: Preprocess the collected raw data, including filtering, denoising, outlier processing, etc., to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0200] Performance analysis: Based on the pre-processed data, the performance of the shock absorber under three-way joint impact is analyzed, focusing on the achievement of test indicators. This embodiment takes energy absorption efficiency, stability and durability as examples.

[0201] The energy absorption efficiency is evaluated by calculating the energy absorption under the maximum load. The calculation method includes: Wherein, k is the stiffness coefficient of the shock absorber, and x is the displacement. In this embodiment, k=1000N / mm, x=25mm, and the vertical energy absorption E=312.5J.

[0202] The stability is evaluated by the magnitude of the lateral and yaw displacements. Considering that the maximum lateral and yaw displacements are 10 mm and 15 mm lower than the design values, respectively, it indicates that the shock absorber can still maintain good structural stability when subjected to non-vertical loads.

[0203] Durability is measured by comparing the displacement change under load with the pre-test (baseline test) to observe the attenuation of performance. Compared with the baseline test data (in the initial test under the same test conditions, the maximum vertical displacement is 25mm), the displacement has increased by 1mm, indicating that some performance parameters of the shock absorber have slightly attenuated after long-term use. If the displacement increases to the threshold value of 5mm, it is determined that the durability does not meet the standard and fails.

[0204] Results evaluation and reporting:

[0205] 5. Comprehensive performance evaluation:

[0206] Based on the data analysis results, the performance of the shock absorber under three-way joint impact is comprehensively evaluated, including its energy absorption efficiency, stability and durability.

[0207] 6. Test report preparation and review:

[0208] Data summary: Record all collected data, including load application parameters, shock absorber response data (such as displacement, stress, strain, etc.) and any abnormal conditions during the test.

[0209] Results:

[0210] Chart making: Use charts and graphs to intuitively display the performance of the shock absorber, such as load-displacement curves, time-response curves, etc., to facilitate understanding and analysis.

[0211] Compare results: Compare test results to design requirements and industry standards to identify any performance shortfalls or performance improvements and determine if the shock absorber's performance meets all necessary safety and performance requirements.

[0212] Problem identification and suggestions:

[0213] Problem Identification: Identify problems or deficiencies in shock absorber performance based on performance analysis and result comparison.

[0214] Improvement suggestions: Provide improvement suggestions for identified problems, including but not limited to design modifications, material selection or production process adjustments.

[0215] Writing the report:

[0216] Report structure design: Design the structure of the test report, which usually includes summary, introduction, test objectives and standards, test equipment and methods, test results and analysis, problems and suggestions, conclusions, etc.

[0217] Content writing: Write each part in detail according to the designed structure. Ensure that the report content is clear, accurate, complete, easy to understand and use.

[0218] Review and Revision: After completing the first draft, an internal review will be conducted and necessary revisions and improvements will be made based on the feedback.

[0219] Review and submission of test reports:

[0220] Internal review: Organize internal experts to carefully review the test report to ensure the scientificity, accuracy and completeness of the report.

[0221] Expert review: If possible, invite external experts to review the report and provide independent opinions and suggestions.

[0222] Report submission: The test report that has been reviewed and modified as necessary will be formally submitted to the project leader, design team, and other relevant decision makers. Ensure that the report contains not only test data and analysis results, but also targeted improvement suggestions and guidance to support subsequent design optimization and performance improvement work.

[0223] Report Archiving: Final test reports should be properly archived to ensure that all relevant personnel can access and refer to these important documents when needed. The archive should include not only the electronic version of the document, but also any related raw data and analysis files to facilitate future review, analysis or further research.

[0224] Feedback loop and continuous improvement: The preparation and review process of the test report should be regarded as an open feedback loop, which aims to continuously promote the continuous improvement of technology and products. Based on the findings and suggestions in the report, the design and engineering team should develop a specific action plan to systematically optimize and adjust the identified problems. At the same time, the lessons learned and best practices should be incorporated into future design guidelines and test protocols to improve the overall design quality and test efficiency.

[0225] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing the performance of a landing gear shock absorber under multi-directional load impact, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Analyze the test requirements based on industry standards and obtain test indicators; The test indicators include: Static characteristic test indicators: stiffness test, damping characteristic test; Dynamic characteristics test indicators: frequency response test, durability test, leakage test; Three-way load impact performance test indicators: lateral impact test, heading impact test, vertical impact test, three-way joint impact test; Environmental adaptability test indicators: temperature test, humidity and salt spray test, impact tolerance test; Step 2: collecting actual operation data of the landing gear shock absorber in flight service, and performing load feature identification based on the actual operation data; Step 3: design a load simulation scheme based on the test index and the results of load feature identification, and perform load simulation based on the designed load simulation scheme; collect and monitor the operation data during the simulation process in real time; Step 4: Perform comprehensive performance evaluation of the landing gear shock absorber based on the operating data, and prepare a test report based on the evaluation; Step 2 includes: Step 21: collecting the actual operation data, wherein the actual operation data includes: flight recorder data, maintenance record data, and flight simulator test data; Step 22: Analyze the actual operation data using statistical analysis methods and data mining techniques to identify parameters of load characteristics; the parameters include: typical impact energy, peak value, shape and history of the load; Step 23: Based on the identification and analysis results of the load characteristics, select several representative simulation conditions, and perform risk assessment on the simulation conditions. The results of the risk assessment are used to give priority to high-risk conditions during the load simulation test. Step three includes: Step 31: Determine the load type and load characteristics to be simulated based on the test index and the identification and analysis results of the load characteristics; Step 32: Select a simulation device based on the load type and load characteristics; Step 33, determining simulation parameters of the simulated load, wherein the simulation parameters include: load magnitude, application frequency and duration; Step 34: collecting the operating data during the load application process, and adjusting and optimizing the load application process based on data analysis software in combination with the simulation parameters and the operating data; Step 4 includes: Step 41: Summarize and preprocess the operation data to obtain standardized operation data; Step 42: extracting features from the standardized operating data to obtain key features representing shock absorber performance; Step 43: Based on the key features and the test indicators, evaluate the results of the comprehensive performance evaluation of the shock absorber; Step 44: Prepare the test report based on the evaluation.

2. A landing gear shock absorber performance test device under multi-directional load impact, the device is used to implement the method of claim 1, characterized in that: include: Analytical devices, feature recognition devices, load simulation devices, and evaluation devices; The analysis device is used to analyze the test requirements based on industry standards to obtain test indicators; The feature recognition device is used to collect actual operation data of the landing gear shock absorber in flight service, and perform load feature recognition based on the actual operation data; The load simulation device is used to design a load simulation scheme based on the test index and the result of load characteristic identification, and perform load simulation based on the designed load simulation scheme; Collect and monitor the operation data in the simulation process in real time; The evaluation device is used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of the landing gear shock absorber based on the operating data, and to prepare a test report based on the evaluation.

3. The landing gear shock absorber performance testing device under multi-directional load impact according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feature recognition device includes: a first acquisition module, a first analysis module and a working condition evaluation module; The first acquisition module is used to acquire the actual operation data, and the actual operation data includes: flight recorder data, maintenance record data and flight simulator test data; The first analysis module is used to analyze the actual operation data using statistical analysis methods and data mining technology to identify parameters of load characteristics; the parameters include: typical impact energy, peak value, shape and history of the load; The working condition assessment module is used to select several representative simulation working conditions based on the identification and analysis results of the load characteristics, and perform risk assessment on the simulation working conditions. The results of the risk assessment are used to give priority to high-risk working conditions during the load simulation test.

4. The landing gear shock absorber performance testing device under multi-directional load impact according to claim 2, characterized in that: The load simulation device comprises: a first simulation module, a second simulation module, a third simulation module and a data acquisition and analysis system; The first simulation module is used to determine the load type and load characteristics to be simulated based on the test index and the identification and analysis results of the load characteristics; The second simulation module is used to select a simulation device based on the load type and load characteristics; The third simulation module is used to determine simulation parameters of the simulated load, and the simulation parameters include: load size, application frequency and duration; The data acquisition and analysis system is used to acquire the operating data during the load application process, and based on the data analysis software, the load application process is adjusted and optimized in combination with the simulation parameters and the operating data.

5. The landing gear shock absorber performance testing device under multi-directional load impact according to claim 2, characterized in that: The evaluation device comprises: a pre-processing module, a feature extraction module, an evaluation module and a report preparation module; The preprocessing module is used to summarize and preprocess the operation data to obtain standardized operation data; The feature extraction module is used to extract features from the standardized operating data to obtain key features representing the performance of the shock absorber; The evaluation module is used to evaluate the results of the comprehensive performance evaluation of the shock absorber based on the key features and the test indicators; The report preparation module is used to prepare the test report based on the evaluation.

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