A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system and a combined tunneling method

Abstract

The present invention provides a tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system and a combined excavation method, including a tunnel boring machine body, a flow pump group is arranged on the tunnel boring machine body, and a high-pressure water jet cutting system is arranged at the front end of the tunnel boring machine; the high-pressure water jet cutting system includes a water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc, a water jet-shell knife combined tool, a high-pressure water transmission pipeline, a multi-media rotation center and a water jet diverter valve block, wherein one end of the high-pressure water transmission pipeline is connected to the flow pump group, and the other end is connected to the multi-media rotation center, and the multi-media rotation center is connected to the water jet diverter valve block, and the high-pressure water is divided into multiple paths, which are respectively supplied to each water jet-shell knife combined tool on the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc. The present invention provides practical suggestions and references for the overall design, optimization and spatial layout of the high-pressure water jet system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of efficient tunnel excavation, and in particular relates to a tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system and a combined excavation method. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Commonly used tunnel (hole) excavation methods are mainly divided into drilling and blasting method and roadheader construction method. The drilling and blasting method has a low degree of mechanization in tunnel construction, and mainly relies on manual operation of mechanical drilling and blasting to excavate tunnels, which is high-risk and has a long cycle. The roadheader construction method has a high degree of mechanization. When excavating in ordinary hard rock tunnels (holes), the daily advance can reach 30-40m / d, which is 3-10 times the construction speed of the drilling and blasting method, and has significant advantages in the safety of on-site operators. However, when full-section tunnel boring machines are excavating under extremely complex geological conditions such as hard rock, super-hard rock, and highly abrasive formations, they often encounter prominent problems such as insufficient rock-breaking ability of mechanical cutters, increased cutter wear, and a high proportion of cutter change time, which seriously restricts on-site construction efficiency.

[0004] In order to improve the rock-breaking ability of full-face tunnel boring machines, many scientific research and production institutions at home and abroad have continued to carry out research on efficient rock-breaking and have developed many new rock-breaking methods. Among them, high-pressure water jet technology has the characteristics of cleanness, environmental protection, low energy and high efficiency, easy to implement, and has a rich practical foundation. It is considered to be a rock-breaking method with great potential. The beneficial superposition of the rock-breaking effects of high-pressure water jets and mechanical cutters can increase the penetration of mechanical cutters, reduce the wear rate of cutters, and greatly improve the excavation efficiency. Therefore, high-pressure water jet-assisted rock-breaking technology has a high research and application value in the field of efficient tunnel excavation.

[0005] According to the survey, relevant patents on high-pressure water jet-assisted shield tunneling have been published, such as "A shield machine pile cutting cutter disc with high-pressure water jet cutting system" with publication number CN115012970B, which proposes a water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc, considers the protection of the water jet cutter head and designs a water jet protection device. "A shield machine water jet swivel joint" with publication number CN113202490B proposes a swivel joint for rotating multiple media.

[0006] However, the above patent still has the following problems:

[0007] The overall design, optimization and spatial arrangement of the high-pressure water jet system from the pump unit to the cutter disc have not been considered.

[0008] There is no miniaturized, integrated multi-media rotary center that can simultaneously rotary-transmit the medium required by the tunnel boring machine and the medium required by the high-pressure water jet system, which improves the reliability and practicality of the rotary center.

[0009] A reliable and effective water jet cutter head protection device and related protection measures have not yet been proposed.

[0010] The spatial arrangement of water jet cutter heads on the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine lacks theoretical guidance, which makes it difficult to achieve the optimal mechanical gain effect assisted by high-pressure water jets. Summary of the invention

[0011] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system and a combined tunneling method. The present invention provides practical suggestions and references for the overall design, optimization and spatial layout of the high-pressure water jet system.

[0012] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0013] A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system comprises a tunnel boring machine body, a flow pump group is arranged on the tunnel boring machine body, and a high-pressure water jet cutting system is arranged at the front end of the tunnel boring machine;

[0014] The high-pressure water jet cutting system includes a water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc, a water jet-shell knife combined tool, a high-pressure water transmission pipeline, a multi-media rotating center and a water jet diverter valve block, wherein one end of the high-pressure water transmission pipeline is connected to a flow pump group, and the other end is connected to the multi-media rotating center. The multi-media rotating center is connected to the water jet diverter valve block to divide the high-pressure water into multiple paths, which are respectively supplied to each water jet-shell knife combined tool on the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc.

[0015] As an optional embodiment, the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc includes a cutter disc body, a center cutter, an edge cutter and a water jet-shell cutter combined cutter, a plurality of center cutters are arranged within a certain range of the center position of the cutter disc body, and a plurality of edge cutters are arranged at the edge of the cutter disc body;

[0016] The water jet-shell knife combined tool includes multiple water jet-shell knife combined tools. The water jet-shell knife combined tool near the center position is located on the same concentric circle as the center tool, so that its cutting trajectory is the same as the cutting trajectory of the center tool; the water jet-shell knife combined tool near the edge position is set at a different position from each edge tool, so that its cutting trajectory is different from the cutting trajectory of each edge tool.

[0017] As a further implementation method, a plurality of water jet-shell knife combined cutters are added at vulnerable positions of the cutter disc body.

[0018] As an optional embodiment, the water jet-shell knife combined tool includes a shell knife, a water jet cutter head and a buffer material. The shell knife has a groove and an internal thread, the water jet cutter head has an external thread on its shank and is embedded in the shell knife. The two are fixedly connected by threads, and the high-pressure water jet outlet of the water jet cutter head is arranged at the end face of the shell knife.

[0019] As a further feature, the gap between the shell knife and the water jet cutter head is filled with a buffer material.

[0020] As an optional implementation, the multi-medium rotation center includes a water jet rotation joint and a low-pressure medium rotation center, and the water jet rotation joint is arranged at the axial position of the low-pressure medium rotation center.

[0021] As a further implementation, the low-pressure medium rotation center includes a low-pressure medium input hole, a low-pressure medium rotation center fixed end, a low-pressure medium rotation center rotating end and a low-pressure medium transmission pipeline. The low-pressure medium rotation center fixed end is placed on the outside of the low-pressure medium rotation center rotating end, a sealing ring is arranged between the two and relative rotation is allowed. The low-pressure medium input hole is opened at the fixed end of the low-pressure medium rotation center for inputting external low-pressure medium. The low-pressure medium transmission pipeline is opened inside the rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center for outputting the low-pressure medium flowing through the low-pressure medium rotation center.

[0022] As a further embodiment, the rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center is connected to an abrasive transmission system, and the abrasive transmission system includes a transfer sand box, a connecting flange, a sand inlet, an air inlet, a sand discharge port and an abrasive transmission pipeline. The transfer sand box is sleeved on the outside of the rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center, and a sealing ring is arranged between the two to allow relative rotation. The other side of the transfer sand box sleeve is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the low-pressure medium rotation center through a connecting flange. The sand inlet and the air inlet are placed at the top of the transfer sand box, which are respectively used to add abrasive to the inside of the transfer sand box and balance the air pressure. The sand discharge port is placed at the bottom of the transfer sand box. The abrasive transmission pipeline is arranged inside the rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center, and one end is connected to the inside of the transfer sand box.

[0023] As a further embodiment, the water jet rotary joint includes a water jet rotary joint fixed end and a water jet rotary joint rotating end, the high-pressure water transmission pipeline is directly connected to the water jet rotary joint fixed end, and the rotating end of the water jet rotary joint is connected to the water jet diversion valve block through a high-pressure water pipeline.

[0024] As an optional implementation, the flow pump group is driven by a variable frequency motor with a speed that can be adjusted step by step. At the same time, a pilot overflow valve is installed at the outlet of the pump group. Before the flow pump group is started, the pilot overflow valve is first energized to unload the load. When the pump group reaches the preset pressure and flow values, the pilot overflow valve is de-energized and loaded.

[0025] As an optional implementation, a pressure gauge is installed on the water supply line of the water jet cutter head, and an induction coil assembly is installed on the sand supply line, and the induction coil assembly is connected to a wireless transmission module. When the water jet leaks or is otherwise abnormally damaged, the pressure at the water jet will drop rapidly, and the working status of the water jet can be fed back in real time through the pressure gauge. In addition, in order to detect whether the sand pipe is producing sand normally, the steel balls are fully mixed with the abrasive and then sand is added to the sand box. When the sand pipe is producing sand normally, the steel balls pass through the induction coil assembly, thereby causing the inductive reactance of the coil in the coil induction assembly to change. The wireless transmission module is used to capture the inductive reactance change of the coil induction assembly, and convert the inductive reactance change into a detection signal whose frequency changes with the inductive reactance and transmit it wirelessly to the terminal.

[0026] When the frequency becomes larger, it means that the abrasive supply flow rate of the doped steel balls is large, and when the frequency becomes smaller, it means that the abrasive supply flow rate of the doped steel balls is small.

[0027] As an optional embodiment, it also includes a dye mixing device, which is connected to the inside of the water tank through a water pump and a connecting pipeline, and the ratio of the water pump displacement to the flow pump group displacement is the same as the ratio of the dye to water.

[0028] The combined excavation method based on the above tunnel boring machine comprises the following steps:

[0029] According to the working conditions, select and switch to the target rock breaking method, which includes:

[0030] Pure mechanical excavation and rock breaking method: the flow pump group stops working, there is no high-pressure water transmitted to the multi-medium rotation center in the high-pressure water transmission pipeline, the water jet-mechanical combined cutter head rotates and propels forward, and only pure mechanical cutters are used to break rocks;

[0031] Pure water jet cutting and rock breaking method: the flow pump group works and generates high-pressure water, which is transmitted to the multi-medium rotation center through the high-pressure water transmission pipeline, and then divided into the required multi-channel media through the water jet diversion valve block, and transmitted to each water jet-shell knife combined tool at the cutter disc position, and the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc stops rotating, and only relies on pure water jet cutting to break rocks;

[0032] High-pressure water jet-mechanical combined rock breaking method: the flow pump group works and generates high-pressure water, which is transmitted to the multi-media rotation center through the high-pressure water transmission pipeline, and is divided into the required multi-channel media through the water jet diversion valve block, and transmitted to the water jet-shell knife combined tool at the cutter disc position, and the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc is rotated and advanced, and the rock is broken by the high-pressure water jet-mechanical combined method.

[0033] As an optional implementation, the energy distribution form of high-pressure water is changed by replacing the water jet cutter head, and the water jet rock breaking parameters are adjusted by adjusting the flow pump group.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present invention has created a complete set of high-pressure water jet cutting systems mounted on tunnel boring machines, which solves the theoretical and technical problems of high-pressure water jet cutting systems in the actual process of being mounted on tunnel boring machines, and provides practical suggestions and references for the overall design, optimization and spatial layout of high-pressure water jet systems. It has greatly improved the efficiency of engineering construction and saved time and economic costs for on-site construction.

[0036] The ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group introduced in the present invention is driven by a variable frequency motor with a step-by-step adjustable speed, and a pilot relief valve is installed at the outlet of the pump group. Before the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group is started, the pilot relief valve is first powered on to unload, and when the pump group reaches the preset pressure and flow values, the pilot relief valve is powered off to load. The entire control system can not only greatly reduce the pressure fluctuation during the start-up process of the pump group, but also protect various components from damage, further reducing the construction risk under the premise of ensuring the rock breaking and pile cutting effects.

[0037] The present invention fully considers the pressure difference between high-pressure water medium (generally greater than tens of megapascals) and other media (generally less than ten megapascals), and proposes a water jet rotary joint for rotating and transmitting high-pressure water and a low-pressure medium rotary center for rotating and transmitting other media. Furthermore, the water jet rotary joint is placed at the axial position of the low-pressure medium rotary center, and the combination of the two constitutes a miniaturized, integrated multi-medium rotary center that can simultaneously rotate and transmit the medium required by the tunnel boring machine and the medium required by the high-pressure water jet system. For the generation and transmission of high-pressure water, the high-pressure water is generated by an ultra-high-pressure, ultra-large flow pump group placed on a trailer, and is transmitted to the fixed end of the water jet rotary joint through a high-pressure water pipe, and then transmitted to the water jet diverter valve block through the rotating end of the water jet rotary joint. The water jet diverter valve block can divide the incoming high-pressure water into multiple required waterways, further reducing the size of the rotary center. Finally, the high-pressure water is transmitted to the water jet cutter head at the cutter head position through the pipeline. It should be specially pointed out that the steel plate welding protection along the pipeline and the connection between the tool nozzle and the cutter nozzle is reserved to protect people and objects in the soil bin. A variety of effective methods and facilities are used to ensure the safe transmission of high-pressure water jets. Other low-pressure media, such as low-pressure cooling water, foam / bentonite, etc. required by the tunnel boring machine, as well as abrasives and high-pressure gas required by the water jet system, are transmitted by relevant transmission pipelines to the fixed end of the low-pressure medium rotation center, and then transmitted to the corresponding diversion valve block through the rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center, and then divided into the required multi-channel media and transmitted to the water jet cutter head at the cutter disc position. It should be specially pointed out that the outer periphery of the rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center is covered with a transfer sand box for storing abrasives. When the high-pressure water jet system is working, the high-pressure water forms a negative pressure to absorb the abrasive in the transfer sand box, and the abrasive is transmitted to the water jet cutter head at the cutter disc position through the transmission pipeline.

[0038] During the rock-breaking process of the tunnel boring machine, the cutter disc directly contacts the rock and breaks it, and the cutter disc will be subjected to great impact force and abrasion. Therefore, the water jet cutter head needs to be provided with a safe and reliable protective device. The present invention embeds the water jet cutter head in the shell cutter as a water jet-shell cutter combined tool. The combined tool not only has the original scraping effect of the shell cutter, but also can effectively protect the water jet cutter head. In addition, in order to further improve the reliability and service life of the combined tool, the gap between the water jet cutter head and the shell cutter is filled with buffer material, which greatly reduces the damage to the water jet cutter head caused by the vibration of the tool breaking the rock.

[0039] The present invention fully considers the problem that the working status of the water jet mounted on the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine cannot be obtained in real time and the location of the damaged water jet cannot be accurately found. A pressure gauge is installed on the water supply pipeline of each water jet, and an induction coil assembly is installed on the sand supply pipeline of each water jet. When the water jet leaks or is otherwise abnormally damaged, the pressure at the water jet will drop rapidly, and the working status of the water jet can be fed back in real time through the pressure gauge. In addition, in order to detect whether the sand pipe is producing sand normally, the small steel balls are fully mixed with the abrasive before adding sand to the sand box. When the sand pipe is producing sand normally, the small steel balls pass through the induction coil assembly, thereby causing the inductive reactance of the coil in the coil induction assembly to change. The wireless transmission module is used to capture the inductive reactance change of the coil induction assembly, and convert the inductive reactance change into a detection signal whose frequency changes with the inductive reactance and transmit it wirelessly to the terminal. Furthermore, when the frequency becomes larger, it means that the supply flow rate of the abrasive doped with small steel balls is large, and when the frequency becomes smaller, it means that the supply flow rate of the abrasive doped with small steel balls is small.

[0040] Furthermore, the present invention provides a dye mixing device, which uses a water pump to input the dye into the water tank, and the ratio of the water pump displacement to the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group displacement is the same as the ratio of the dye to water, ensuring that the dye can be blended according to the best ratio; the water tank is equipped with a stirring rod, which can quickly mix the dye and water. The dye mixed liquid passes through the damaged or leaking parts of the hose, hard pipe, and high-pressure pipe joints, leaving colored residues, which is convenient for timely detection and discovery of leaks, avoiding continued rupture of the pipeline and disconnection of the joints to cause personal injury and equipment damage.

[0041] The present invention fully considers the problems of tool stress, rock breaking efficiency and service life at different positions of the combined cutter disc. Considering that the distance between the center cutter blades is larger and the tool stress is significantly higher than that at other positions, the water jet cutter head and the center cutter are arranged in the same trajectory to improve the tool stress. Considering that the tool stress at the edge position is relatively small, the water jet cutter head and the edge cutter are arranged in different trajectories to improve the overall rock breaking efficiency of the cutter disc. In addition, the positions of the tunnel boring machine cutter disc that are often easily damaged are obtained through on-site measurement and statistical methods, and multiple spare water jets are added at this position to increase the tool life.

[0042] In order to further improve the rock breaking efficiency of water jet-assisted mechanical tools, the present invention divides the cutter disc into multiple zones, each zone is equipped with a tool pressure sensor, and the tool pressure sensor signal is collected and recorded when the tunneling machine is working. When the collected signal value is greater than the set value, it is automatically judged that each partition of the cutter disc has rotated to this angle. At this time, the corresponding water switch located behind the water jet is turned on, and the water jet cutter head of this partition emits a high-pressure water jet. At the same time, multiple spare water jets are arranged at the cutter disc to improve the reliability of the water jet system and further ensure the efficiency of joint tunneling.

[0043] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0045] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of a tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group shown;

[0047] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the multi-media rotation center shown;

[0048] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the water jet-shell cutter combined tool structure shown;

[0049] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc structure shown;

[0050] The symbols in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0051] 1. Trailer; 2. Ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group; 3. High-pressure water transmission pipeline; 4. Multi-media rotary center; 5. Water jet diverter valve block; 6. Water jet-shell knife combined tool; 7. Water jet-mechanical combined cutter head; 8. Water switch

[0052] 21. Water inlet of pump group; 22. Dye inlet of pump group; 23. Stirring rod; 24. Pilot-operated overflow valve;

[0053] 41. Water jet rotary joint; 411. Fixed end of water jet rotary joint; 412. Rotating end of water jet rotary joint; 413. High-pressure water transmission pipeline; 42. Rotation center of low-pressure medium; 421. Fixed end of rotation center of low-pressure medium; 422. Rotating end of rotation center of low-pressure medium; 43. Connecting flange; 44. Transfer sand box; 441. Sand inlet; 442. Air inlet; 443. Sand discharge port; 444. Abrasive transmission pipeline; 45. Low-pressure medium input hole; 46. Low-pressure medium transmission pipeline; 47. Cutter head connector;

[0054] 61. Shell knife; 62. Water jet cutter head; 621. Thread; 622. High-pressure water jet outlet; 63. Buffer material; 64. High-pressure water pressure gauge; 65. Water jet water pipeline; 66. Coil induction component; 67. Water jet sand pipeline; 68. Wireless transmission module;

[0055] 71. Center tool; 711. Tool arrangement trajectory of the center position of the cutter disc; 72. Edge tool; 721. Tool arrangement trajectory of the edge position of the cutter disc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0057] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0058] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0059] Embodiment 1

[0060] A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system, comprising:

[0061] The ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 is placed on a trailer 1 of the full-section tunnel boring machine. It is a device for generating high-pressure water required by the high-pressure water jet cutting system. It is driven by a variable frequency motor that can be adjusted step by step. At the same time, a pilot overflow valve 24 is installed at the outlet of the pump group to greatly reduce the pressure fluctuation during the startup of the pump group. The high-pressure water generated by the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 is transmitted to the multi-media rotary center 4 through the high-pressure water transmission pipeline 3, and then transmitted to each water switch 8 through the water jet diverter valve block 5, and finally transmitted to the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6.

[0062] The multi-media rotating center 4 is composed of a water jet rotating joint 41 and a low-pressure medium rotating center 42. The water jet rotating joint 41 is used for rotating and transmitting high-pressure water. The low-pressure medium rotating center 42 is used for rotating and transmitting other low-pressure media, such as low-pressure water, foam / bentonite, abrasive, high-pressure gas, etc.

[0063] The water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 is composed of a shell knife 61 and a water jet cutter head 62. A groove is provided inside the shell knife 61, and the water jet cutter head 62 is built into the groove of the shell knife 61, and the working surface of the water jet cutter head 62 is exposed on the surface of the shell knife 61.

[0064] In addition, the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 is also equipped with a real-time monitoring system for the working status of the water jet and a pipeline leakage detection system.

[0065] The water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc 7 takes full account of the stress, rock breaking efficiency and service life of the cutters at different positions of the combined cutter disc. The water jet cutter head 62 and the center cutter 71 are arranged in the same track to improve the stress of the cutter, and the water jet cutter head 62 and the edge cutter 72 are arranged in different tracks to improve the overall rock breaking efficiency of the cutter disc. In addition, multiple spare water jets are added at the positions where the cutter disc of the tunnel boring machine is often damaged to increase the service life of the cutters.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 is a device for generating high-pressure water required by the high-pressure water jet cutting system, and can control and adjust parameters such as pressure and flow as needed. Considering the spatial layout of the tunnel, the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 is placed on a trailer 1 of the full-face tunnel boring machine, and the generated high-pressure water is transmitted to the multi-media rotary center 4 through the high-pressure water transmission pipeline 3.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 is driven by a variable frequency motor with a step-by-step adjustable speed, and a pilot relief valve 24 is installed at the outlet of the pump group. Before the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 is started, the pilot relief valve 24 is first powered on to unload, and when the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 reaches the preset pressure and flow value, the pilot relief valve 24 is powered off to load. The entire control system can not only greatly reduce the pressure fluctuation during the start-up process of the pump group, but also protect various components from damage, further reducing the construction risk under the premise of ensuring the rock breaking and pile cutting effects.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the multi-media rotating center 4 is the core device of the high-pressure water jet cutting system, which can solve the problem of dynamic and static separation between the rotation of the water jet-mechanical combined cutter head 7 and the stillness of the pipeline at the transmission point of the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2.

[0069] The high-pressure water flowing out of the multi-media rotary center 4 is transmitted to the water jet diverter valve block 5, after which the high-pressure water is divided into multiple paths and transmitted to the water switch 8, and finally supplied to the cutter disc for use by multiple water jet-shell knife combined tools 6. It should be specially noted that the steel plates along the pipeline and the connection between the tool nozzle are welded for protection, and an observation door is reserved to protect people and objects in the soil bin. A variety of effective methods and facilities are used to ensure the safe transmission of high-pressure water jets. The water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc 7 is directly involved in rock crushing during tunnel excavation. In order to reduce the force on the tool and improve the rock breaking efficiency, the spatial position of the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 is fully considered during the design process of the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc 7, and finally a new type of high-efficiency rock breaking cutter disc that takes into account both the force on the tool and the rock breaking energy consumption is obtained.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the present invention fully considers the pressure difference between high-pressure water medium (generally greater than tens of MPa) and other media (generally less than ten MPa). Excessive pressure difference leads to huge differences in the sealing levels of the two. To facilitate sealing and other designs, the present invention proposes a water jet rotary joint 41 for rotating and transmitting high-pressure water and a low-pressure medium rotary center 42 for rotating and transmitting other media. Furthermore, the water jet rotary joint 41 is placed at the axial position of the low-pressure medium rotary center 42, and the combination of the two constitutes a miniaturized, integrated multi-medium rotary center 4 that can simultaneously rotate and transmit the medium required by the tunnel boring machine and the medium required by the high-pressure water jet system.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the high-pressure water transmission system is mainly composed of an ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2, a high-pressure water transmission pipeline 3, a water jet rotary joint 41, a water jet diverter valve block 5, a water switch 8, and a water jet-shell knife combined tool 6. The ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 is a high-pressure water generating device, and the generated high-pressure water flows into the water jet rotary joint 41 from the high-pressure water transmission pipeline 3. The water jet rotary joint 41 includes a water jet rotary joint fixed end 411 and a water jet rotary joint rotating end 412. The high-pressure water transmission pipeline 3 is directly connected to the water jet rotary joint fixed end 411, and the high-pressure water transmitted by the high-pressure water transmission pipeline 3 flows into the water jet rotary joint fixed end 411, and then flows out through the water jet rotary joint rotating end 412, thereby realizing the dynamic and static separation of the pipeline. After that, the high-pressure water flows into the water jet diverter valve block 5 through the pipeline 413, is divided into the required multi-path media and then transmitted to the water switch 8, and finally transmitted to the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 located at the knife disc position, thereby completing the dynamic and static separation transmission of high-pressure water from the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 to the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the other low-pressure medium transmission system is mainly composed of a low-pressure medium input hole 45, a low-pressure medium rotation center 42, and a low-pressure medium transmission pipeline 46. Further, the low-pressure medium rotation center 42 includes a low-pressure medium rotation center fixed end 421 and a low-pressure medium rotation center rotating end 422. The low-pressure medium input hole 45 is opened at the low-pressure medium rotation center fixed end 421, and is used to input external low-pressure medium, such as low-pressure water, foam / bentonite, high-pressure gas, etc.

[0073] The low-pressure medium rotation center fixed end 421 is placed outside the low-pressure medium rotation center rotating end 422, and a sealing ring is placed between the two to allow relative rotation. The low-pressure medium transmission pipeline 46 is opened inside the low-pressure medium rotation center rotating end 422, and is used to output the low-pressure medium flowing through the low-pressure medium rotation center 42.

[0074] Specifically, the low-pressure medium from the outside is input to the fixed end 421 of the low-pressure medium rotation center through the low-pressure medium input hole 45, and then flows through the low-pressure medium transmission pipeline 46 placed inside the rotating end 422 of the low-pressure medium rotation center, realizing the dynamic and static separation of the pipeline. Thereafter, the low-pressure medium is transmitted to the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 and the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc 7 through the relevant diverter valve, thus completing the dynamic and static separation transmission of the low-pressure medium from the outside to the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 and the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc 7.

[0075] As an optional solution, the abrasive transmission system is mainly composed of a transfer sand box 44, a connecting flange 43, a sand inlet 441, an air inlet 442, a sand discharge port 443, and an abrasive transmission pipeline 444. The transfer sand box 44 is sleeved on the outside of the rotating end 422 of the low-pressure medium rotation center, and a sealing ring is placed between the two to allow relative rotation. The left side is fixedly connected to the fixed end 421 of the low-pressure medium rotation center through the connecting flange 43, and remains stationary at all times during operation. The sand inlet 441 and the air inlet 442 are placed at the top of the transfer sand box 44, and are respectively used to add abrasive to the inside of the transfer sand box 44 and balance the air pressure. The sand discharge port 443 is placed at the bottom of the transfer sand box 44, and is usually in a sealed state. When the abrasive inside the transfer sand box 44 needs to be replaced due to moisture or other reasons, the sand discharge port 443 can be opened to promptly remove the abrasive inside the transfer sand box 44. The abrasive transmission pipe 444 is placed inside the rotating end 422 of the low-pressure medium rotation center, and one end is connected to the inside of the transfer sand box 44, so that the abrasive can be transmitted from the inside of the transfer sand box 44 to the outside. Specifically, the abrasive from the outside is added to the inside through the sand inlet 441 placed on the upper side of the transfer sand box 44. During this period, the air inlet 442 is always kept open to balance the internal air pressure, and the sand discharge port 443 is always kept closed to prevent abrasive leakage. The abrasive inside the transfer sand box 44 is transmitted to the outside through the abrasive transmission pipe 444, and then transmitted to the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 through the corresponding abrasive transmission pipe, thereby completing the dynamic and static separation transmission of the abrasive from the outside to the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the water jet-shell cutter combined tool 6 is mainly composed of a shell cutter 61, a water jet cutter head 62, a thread 621, a high-pressure water jet outlet 622, and a buffer material 63. A "groove" is provided inside the shell cutter 61 and an internal thread 621 is provided, and an external thread 621 is provided at the shank of the water jet cutter head 62 and is embedded in the shell cutter 61, and the two are fixedly connected by the thread 621. In addition, the gap between the shell cutter 61 and the water jet cutter head 62 is filled with a buffer material 63, which greatly reduces the damage to the water jet cutter head 62 caused by the vibration of the cutter breaking the rock.

[0077] The water jet-shell cutter combined tool 6 not only has the original scraping and rock-breaking function of the shell cutter 61, but also can effectively protect the water jet cutter head 62, greatly improving the safety and reliability of the water jet cutter head 62 during the rock breaking process of the full-section tunnel boring machine.

[0078] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the water jet working state monitoring device includes a high-pressure water pressure gauge 64 and a water jet water supply pipeline 65. The water jet water supply pipeline 65 is directly connected to the water jet cutter head 62, and the high-pressure water pressure gauge 64 is installed on the water jet water supply pipeline. As a further limitation, a pressure gauge is installed on the water jet water supply pipeline 65 on each water jet cutter head 62. When the water jet cutter head 62 is working normally, the reading of the high-pressure water pressure gauge 64 is normal. When the water jet cutter head 62 leaks or is otherwise abnormally damaged, the pressure at the water jet cutter head 62 will drop rapidly, and the working state of the water jet cutter head 62 can be fed back in real time through the high-pressure water pressure gauge 64.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the sand supply system working state monitoring device includes a coil induction component 66, a water jet sand delivery pipeline 67, and a wireless transmission module 68. The water jet sand delivery pipeline 67 is directly connected to the water jet cutter head 62 for transmitting abrasives. The coil induction component 66 is placed outside the water jet sand delivery pipeline 67 and connected to the wireless transmission module 68. When it is necessary to detect the sand pipe sand discharge, the small steel balls can be fully mixed with the abrasives before adding them to the sand box. When the sand pipe is normally discharged, the small steel balls pass through the induction coil component 66, thereby causing the inductive reactance of the coil in the induction coil component 66 to change. The wireless transmission module 68 is used to capture the inductive reactance change of the inductive coil component 66, and convert the inductive reactance change into a detection signal whose frequency changes with the inductive reactance and transmit it to the terminal in a wireless transmission mode. Further, when the frequency of the detection signal becomes larger, it means that the supply flow rate of the abrasive doped with small steel balls is large, and the sand pipe is normally discharged at this time; when the frequency becomes smaller, it means that the supply flow rate of the abrasive doped with small steel balls becomes smaller, and the sand pipe is blocked at this time and needs to be processed.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a pipeline leakage detection system. The dye is input into the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 through the dye input port 22 of the pump group by a water pump. The ratio of the water pump displacement to the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 displacement is the same as the ratio of the dye and water, ensuring that the dye can be blended according to the best ratio; a stirring rod 23 is installed inside the ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 to quickly mix the dye and water. The dye mixed liquid passes through the high-pressure water transmission pipeline 3, the multi-media rotation center 4, the water jet diverter valve block 5, and the water switch 8, and is finally transmitted to the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6. If damage or leakage occurs somewhere during the process, colored residues will be left, which is convenient for timely detection and discovery of leaks, and avoids continued rupture of the pipeline and disconnection of the joints to cause personal injury and equipment damage.

[0081] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc 7 is mainly composed of a center cutter 71, an edge cutter 72, and a water jet-shell cutter combined cutter 6. The present invention fully considers the problems of cutter force, rock breaking efficiency and service life at different positions of the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc 7. In view of the large cutter spacing of the center cutter 71, which causes the cutter force to be significantly higher than that at other positions, the water jet-shell cutter combined cutter 6 is arranged according to the combined cutter arrangement trajectory 711 at the center position of the cutter disc, which is the same as the cutting trajectory of the center cutter 71, thereby improving the cutter. In view of the relatively small force on the edge cutter 72, the water jet-shell cutter combined cutter 6 is arranged according to the combined cutter arrangement trajectory 721 at the edge position of the cutter disc, and is different from the cutting trajectory of each edge cutter 72, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency of the cutter.

[0082] Specifically, the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 and the center tool 71 that are partially located at the center can be arranged on the same concentric circle, and the other part of the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 that is arranged at the edge can be arranged between the concentric circles where the edge tools 72 are located.

[0083] In order to further improve the rock breaking efficiency of water jet-assisted mechanical tools, the present invention divides the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc 7 into multiple zones, each zone is equipped with a tool pressure sensor, and the tool pressure sensor signal is collected and recorded when the tunnel boring machine is working. When the collected signal value is greater than the set value, it is automatically judged that each partition of the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc 7 has rotated to this angle. At this time, the corresponding water switch 8 located behind the water jet cutter head 62 is turned on, and the water jet cutter head 62 of this partition emits a high-pressure water jet; in addition, the positions where the cutter disc of the full-section tunnel boring machine is often easily damaged are obtained through on-site measurement and statistical methods, and multiple spare water jet-shell cutter combined tools 6 are added at this position to improve the service life of the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc 7.

[0084] In this embodiment, a variety of combined rock breaking modes can be switched by changing the high-pressure water jet-mechanical coordination mode, including the following rock breaking modes:

[0085] (1) Pure mechanical excavation and rock breaking method: The ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 stops working, and there is no high-pressure water in the high-pressure water transmission pipeline 3 to be transmitted to the multi-medium rotation center 4. The water jet-mechanical combined cutter head 7 rotates and propels forward, and only pure mechanical tools are used to break the rock.

[0086] (2) Pure water jet cutting and rock breaking method: The ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 works and generates high-pressure water, which is transmitted to the multi-media rotation center 4 through the high-pressure water transmission pipeline 3, and then divided into the required multi-channel media through the water jet diversion valve block 5, and finally transmitted to the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 at the cutter head position. In addition, the water jet-mechanical combined cutter head 7 stops rotating, and only relies on pure water jet for cutting and rock breaking.

[0087] (3) High-pressure water jet-mechanical combined rock breaking method: The ultra-high-pressure and ultra-large-flow pump group 2 works and generates high-pressure water, which is transmitted to the multi-media rotary center 4 through the high-pressure water transmission pipeline 3, and then divided into the required multi-channel media through the water jet diversion valve block 5, and finally transmitted to the water jet-shell knife combined tool 6 at the cutter head position. At the same time, the water jet-mechanical combined cutter head 7 rotates and propels forward, and both high-pressure water jet and mechanical tool rock breaking methods work. The tunnel boring machine uses a high-pressure water jet-mechanical combined method to break rocks.

[0088] In the above test method, different types of water jet cutter heads 62 can be replaced to change the energy distribution form of high-pressure water, such as high-pressure pure water jet, high-pressure abrasive water jet, pulsed water jet, cavitation jet, particle jet, slurry jet, etc. The ultra-high pressure and ultra-large flow pump group 2 is adjusted to set different water jet rock breaking parameters, such as jet pressure, flow, etc. In addition, a variety of high-pressure water jet-mechanical matching modes can be adaptively switched according to the excavation environment to achieve the best rock breaking efficiency.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention without creative labor shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system, characterized in that: It comprises a tunnel boring machine body, on which a flow pump group is arranged, and a high-pressure water jet cutting system is arranged at the front end of the tunnel boring machine; The high-pressure water jet cutting system includes a water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc, a water jet-shell cutter combined tool, a high-pressure water transmission pipeline, a multi-media rotary center and a water jet diverter valve block, wherein one end of the high-pressure water transmission pipeline is connected to a flow pump group, and the other end is connected to the multi-media rotary center, and the multi-media rotary center is connected to the water jet diverter valve block to divide the high-pressure water into multiple paths, which are respectively supplied to each water jet-shell cutter combined tool on the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc; The water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc comprises a cutter disc body, a center cutter, an edge cutter and a water jet-shell cutter combined cutter. A plurality of center cutters are arranged within a certain range at the center position of the cutter disc body, and a plurality of edge cutters are arranged at the edge of the cutter disc body. The water jet-shell knife combined tool comprises a plurality of water jet-shell knife combined tools, the water jet-shell knife combined tool near the center position is located on the same concentric circle as the center knife, so that its cutting trajectory is the same as the cutting trajectory of the center knife; the water jet-shell knife combined tool near the edge position is set at a different position from each edge knife, so that its cutting trajectory is different from the cutting trajectory of each edge knife; A plurality of water jet-shell knife combined cutters are added at vulnerable positions of the cutter disc body; The water jet rotary joint comprises a water jet rotary joint fixed end and a water jet rotary joint rotating end, the high pressure water transmission pipeline is directly connected to the water jet rotary joint fixed end, and the water jet rotary joint rotating end is connected to the water jet diverter valve block through a high pressure water pipeline.

2. A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water jet-shell knife combined tool comprises a shell knife, a water jet cutter head and a buffer material. A groove and an internal thread are provided inside the shell knife. An external thread is provided at the knife rod of the water jet cutter head and is embedded in the shell knife. The two are fixedly connected by threads. The high-pressure water jet outlet of the water jet cutter head is arranged at the end face of the shell knife. The gap between the shell knife and the water jet cutter head is filled with a buffer material.

3. A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-medium rotation center includes a water jet rotation joint and a low-pressure medium rotation center, and the water jet rotation joint is arranged at the axial position of the low-pressure medium rotation center.

4. A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The low-pressure medium rotation center includes a low-pressure medium input hole, a fixed end of the low-pressure medium rotation center, a rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center and a low-pressure medium transmission pipeline. The fixed end of the low-pressure medium rotation center is placed on the outside of the rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center, a sealing ring is arranged between the two and relative rotation is allowed. The low-pressure medium input hole is opened at the fixed end of the low-pressure medium rotation center for inputting external low-pressure medium. The low-pressure medium transmission pipeline is opened inside the rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center for outputting the low-pressure medium flowing through the low-pressure medium rotation center.

5. A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center is connected to an abrasive transmission system, and the abrasive transmission system includes a transfer sand box, a connecting flange, a sand inlet, an air inlet, a sand discharge port and an abrasive transmission pipeline. The transfer sand box is sleeved on the outside of the rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center, and a sealing ring is arranged between the two to allow relative rotation. The other side of the transfer sand box sleeve is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the low-pressure medium rotation center through a connecting flange. The sand inlet and the air inlet are arranged at the top of the transfer sand box, which are respectively used to add abrasive to the inside of the transfer sand box and balance the air pressure. The sand discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the transfer sand box. The abrasive transmission pipeline is arranged inside the rotating end of the low-pressure medium rotation center, and one end is connected to the inside of the transfer sand box.

6. A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The flow pump group is driven by a variable frequency motor with a step-by-step adjustable speed. A pilot relief valve is installed at the outlet of the pump group. Before the flow pump group is started, the pilot relief valve is first energized to unload. When the pump group reaches the preset pressure and flow values, the pilot relief valve is de-energized to load.

7. A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A pressure gauge is installed on the water supply pipeline of the water jet cutter head, an induction coil assembly is installed on the sand supply pipeline, and the induction coil assembly is connected to a wireless transmitting module.

8. A tunnel boring machine equipped with a high-pressure water jet cutting system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It also includes a dye mixing device, which is connected to the inside of the water tank through a water pump and a connecting pipeline. The ratio of the water pump displacement to the flow pump group displacement is the same as the ratio of the dye to water.

9. A combined tunneling method for a tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: According to the working conditions, select and switch to the target rock breaking method, which includes: Pure mechanical excavation and rock breaking method: the flow pump group stops working, there is no high-pressure water transmitted to the multi-medium rotation center in the high-pressure water transmission pipeline, the water jet-mechanical combined cutter head rotates and propels forward, and only pure mechanical cutters are used to break rocks; Pure water jet cutting and rock breaking method: the flow pump group works and generates high-pressure water, which is transmitted to the multi-medium rotation center through the high-pressure water transmission pipeline, and then divided into the required multi-channel media through the water jet diversion valve block, and transmitted to each water jet-shell knife combined tool at the cutter disc position, and the water jet-mechanical combined cutter disc stops rotating, and only relies on pure water jet cutting to break rocks; High-pressure water jet-mechanical combined rock breaking method: the flow pump group works and generates high-pressure water, which is transmitted to the multi-medium rotation center through the high-pressure water transmission pipeline, and then divided into the required multi-channel media through the water jet diversion valve block, and transmitted to the water jet-shell knife combined tool at the cutter head position, and the water jet-mechanical combined cutter head is rotated and advanced, and the rock is broken by the high-pressure water jet-mechanical combined method; The energy distribution of high-pressure water can be changed by replacing the water jet cutter head, and the water jet rock breaking parameters can be adjusted by adjusting the flow pump group.

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