A traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating mechanical injuries of long-snout catfish

Abstract

The invention discloses a Chinese medicine formula for treating mechanical damage of long-snout catfish, belonging to the field of biological technology of aquaculture. The present invention relates to a medicine for treating mechanical damage of fish, which is composed of three kinds of Chinese medicines: cloves, fennel and rosemary. The crude drug mass ratio is cloves: fennel: rosemary = 2:5:5. After 12g of mixed crude drugs are crushed, 1200ml of water is added and directly decocted or 2.4g of Chinese medicine extracts are mixed and 800ml of water is added and decocted. Finally, the volume is adjusted to 600ml to obtain a "three-fragrant agent". Before use, the injured fish is soaked in 0.5-1% salt water for 15-20 minutes, and then the injured fish is treated for 7-10 days according to the ratio of 0.5-1.0% of the "three-fragrant agent" concentration. The Chinese medicine formula has low toxicity, avoids a series of negative effects caused by conventional treatment using antibiotics, and has good therapeutic effects for treating long-snout catfish and other catfish including scaleless fish such as yellow catfish and yellow catfish.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture biology, and more particularly relates to an aquaculture technology for treating fish injuries of longnose catfish after the fish suffer mechanical damage. Background Art

[0002] The longnose catfish (Leiocasis longirostris Günther), commonly known as the Huaiwang fish, also known as Jiangtuan, Feituo, and Tuoyu, belongs to the genus Catfish in the family Catfish of the order Siluriformes. It is a rare and endemic freshwater fish species in my country, primarily found in the Yangtze, Huaihe, and Liaohe rivers. Its meat is tender and delicious, boneless, and its maw, made from its dried swim bladder, is a valuable medicinal ingredient. Despite dwindling wild resources in recent years, the longnose catfish population has rebounded following a fishing ban. Due to high market demand, the longnose catfish aquaculture industry has developed rapidly in recent years, making it a promising species with high economic value and broad market prospects.

[0003] The long-snout catfish is a warm-water fish that is not good at jumping and likes to live in groups. It is secluded during the day and forages at night. The suitable temperature for survival is 0-38℃, the suitable temperature for growth is 15-30℃, and the optimal growth temperature is 23-28℃. It basically stops feeding when the water temperature is below 10℃ or above 31℃. It requires a slightly alkaline pH value range of 6.5-9.0 in the water body, and the optimal range is 7.5-8.4. It is not tolerant to low oxygen. It feeds vigorously and grows well when the dissolved oxygen is 5 mg / L. When the dissolved oxygen drops to 3 mg / L, the feeding rate decreases significantly. When it drops to 2.5 mg / L, it floats to the surface. It will suffocate and die when the dissolved oxygen is below 12 mg / L.

[0004] Longnose catfish suffer from over 20 common fish diseases, including bacterial diseases such as hemorrhagic disease, ulcer disease, and enteritis; fungal diseases such as saprolegniasis; protozoan diseases such as tricholoma, ichthyosis, and trichodinosis; and monogenean trematodes and crustaceans such as hookworm disease and anchor worm disease. Longnose catfish lack scales and are less tolerant of common fish diseases than scaled fish. Irritants, in particular, can damage their skin. Therefore, effective, low-toxic, mild, and residue-free fish medicines should be used for disease prevention and treatment. Longnose catfish, a carnivorous species, often sustain injuries due to fishing, long-distance transportation, artificial breeding practices, and internal aggression, collisions, and bites. Due to their lack of scales, injured longnose catfish are highly susceptible to ulcers and other fish diseases, leading to high mortality rates.

[0005] At present, the conventional method of treating fish injured by mechanical damage is to use antibiotics, such as applying erythromycin, oxytetracycline, amoxicillin and other drugs to the wound. During the fishing, collection and transportation of longnose catfish, some individuals will suffer varying degrees of damage. The treatment methods for mechanical trauma of longnose catfish include applying anti-inflammatory ointment (antibiotics) to the wound, or injecting antibacterial and anti-inflammatory injections. The harm of using antibiotics to treat injured fish is serious, and its harm is listed as follows:

[0006] One is the development of drug resistance. Long-term use of sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics in fish will accelerate the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. This will make the fish's disease resistance increasingly weaker and the bacteria's drug resistance increasingly stronger, forming a vicious cycle.

[0007] The second is that it affects food safety. Some antibiotics accumulate in fish tissues. These residual drugs can directly accumulate in the human body through aquatic products or be released into other plants through the environment, and eventually accumulate in the human body through various channels. If the human body frequently ingests low doses of antibiotic residues, they will gradually accumulate in the body and cause lesions in various organs.

[0008] The third is that it causes disease infection. While antibiotics act on pathogens, they also kill beneficial microorganisms in the body. If used in large quantities for a long time, it will cause imbalance of the body's bacterial flora and destruction of the microecological balance. Potential harmful bacteria in the body will take the opportunity to multiply in large numbers and cause endogenous infection.

[0009] The fourth is to reduce immunity. The use of antibiotic additives in aquatic feed, while promoting growth, will also cause immunosuppression, reduce the body's resistance, and make it easy to get infected and become ill.

[0010] Therefore, research on finding antibiotics to replace drugs in treating fish injuries is very necessary and of great significance.

[0011] Currently, there are many reports on the use of traditional Chinese medicine to treat various fish diseases, such as anchorhead disease: This disease is caused by anchorheads inserting their cephalothorax into the fish's scales to suck the fish's tissue fluid. The diseased fish becomes restless and loses their appetite. The pathogen is visible on the fish's body surface, resembling a "T" shape. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods include: (1) taking 0.5g each of cactus and rhubarb, adding a little salt, mixing it into the bait and feeding it continuously for 3-4 days; (2) taking 5g each of pine needles, maple leaves, and chinaberry leaves, mashing them and hanging them in a bag.

[0012] Regarding Ichthyophthirius punctatus, also known as white spot disease, a common disease of goldfish, it is caused by Ichthyophthirius parasitizing the skin, fins, and gills of the fish, resulting in white dot-like vesicles appearing on the gill filaments of the infected fish. This disease is more likely to occur when the water temperature reaches 15-20°C. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods include: (1) boiling 0.2g of chili powder and 1.2g of ginger in water per cubic meter of water to make a spicy ginger soup, then adding water and pouring it all over the water; (2) mashing 10g of chili and 7.5g of ginger per cubic meter of water into a bag, hanging the bag in a medicine bathtub, and soaking the infected fish in it for 1-2 hours daily.

[0013] Another example is Saprolegniasis: The pathogen is Saprolegnia. Symptoms include the growth of clumps of white hyphae, resembling cotton wool, on the injured part of the fish. The hyphae are deeply embedded in the muscles, absorbing nutrients from the fish, causing the ornamental fish to become emaciated and die. This disease is commonly found in goldfish farming. The Chinese medicine treatment methods are: (1) Use 2-4 grams of gallnut per cubic meter, crush it, soak it in boiling water, and let the diseased fish bathe in the medicine for 1-2 hours daily; (2) Use 5-10 grams of calamus, 10 grams of castor leaves, and 20 grams of pine branches and leaves per cubic meter of water, crush them, put them in a gauze bag, hang the bag, and let the diseased fish bathe in the medicine for 1-2 hours daily.

[0014] Lilac (Syringa olata Lindl.) is a plant of the genus Syringa in the family Oleaceae. Its flowers are tiny, fragrant, and its petals are soft and purple, hence the name lilac. Its leaves are used as medicine, with a bitter taste and cold properties, clearing away heat and dampness. A solution made from fresh lilac leaves showed strong in vitro antibacterial effects against Shigella flexneri; its use in the prevention and treatment of bacillary dysentery is both economical and readily available. Lilac leaves are used to treat acute icteric hepatitis, offering a short course of treatment and a significant jaundice-reducing effect. Gantaling tablets, made from an extract of lilac leaves, are clinically proven to be effective, safe, and non-toxic in the treatment of acute icteric hepatitis.

[0015] Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), a herbaceous plant of the genus Fennel in the Apiaceae family, has yellow petals and oblong, pointed fruits. Fennel gets its name from its ability to remove the fishy odor from meat and enhance its flavor. Its fruit is used medicinally to dispel wind and phlegm, dispel cold, strengthen the stomach, and relieve pain. The "Tangye Bencao" (Tangye Bencao) records that fennel has the effects of dispelling cold and relieving pain, regulating qi and soothing the stomach, and is primarily used to treat stomach problems, indigestion, abdominal pain, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and cough.

[0016] Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a perennial evergreen subshrub belonging to the genus Rosmarinus in the family Lamiaceae. Its young branches are quadrangular, with leaves often clustered on the branches. Its calyx is ovate and bell-shaped, and its corolla is bluish-purple. Native to the Mediterranean coast of North Africa and Europe, it was introduced to China during the Cao Wei period. Rosemary is a valuable natural spice plant that emits a refreshing fragrance during its growing season. The aromatic oil extracted from its flowers and young branches is used in the formulation of cosmetic ingredients such as air purifiers, perfumes, and soaps. Folklore holds that rosemary leaves have wind-relieving, spasmodic, choleretic, and menstrual-regulating properties. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that rosemary has diaphoretic, spleen-strengthening, tranquilizing, and analgesic properties.

[0017] There have been sporadic reports on the use of cloves for the prevention and treatment of individual fish diseases, but no relevant reports have been found for fennel and rosemary. There have also been no reports on the use of the above three Chinese herbs independently or in combination for the treatment of fish injuries. Summary of the Invention

[0018] 1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention

[0019] The present invention will solve the following problems:

[0020] Find a safe, effective, low-toxic or non-toxic alternative to antibiotics to treat fish injuries (especially scaleless fish) caused by mechanical damage. Ensure that the drug also has a certain auxiliary therapeutic effect on common fish diseases. The treatment steps should be simple, and the drug should be common, inexpensive, and suitable for widespread use.

[0021] 2. Technical solution

[0022] In order to solve the above technical problems, the specific technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0023] (1) First, select the Chinese herbal medicines that can treat fish bites from the common Chinese herbal medicines, eliminate the ones that have been reported to treat fish diseases or fish bites, and obtain candidate Chinese herbal medicines for treating fish bites. The obtained candidate varieties are no less than 20.

[0024] (2) Secondly, the candidate Chinese medicines were decocted individually, the decoction time and water volume were controlled, and concentration comparison experiments were conducted to ensure that the concentrations used were safe and effective. The decoctions of the respective Chinese medicines were obtained, the decoction characteristics were recorded, and the medicines were marked.

[0025] (3) Next, select at least two species of scaleless fish of the order Siluriformes as experimental subjects. Select a group of injured fish that have been mechanically injured by long-distance transportation, or by placing a high density of fish in the water and vibrating them in a mechanical shaker. Ensure that the number of injured fish in each experimental group is sufficient for statistical analysis, and set up a control group.

[0026] (4) Use injured fish to conduct a single Chinese medicine efficacy experiment; the treatment cycle is 1-2 weeks. In addition to the differences in Chinese medicine, ensure that other external conditions are kept consistent. These external conditions include: water quality (including water source and weekly water changes), water temperature, light, feeding amount and frequency, and oxygen supply. The experimental project data that need to be recorded include: Chinese medicine concentration and dosage, number of survival fish (V1), survival days (V2), feed consumption (V3), feeding enthusiasm (V4), wound recovery (V5) and response to the external environment (V6), etc. Six of the indicators were selected for statistical analysis, of which V1-V3 are objective indicators and V4-V6 are subjective indicators, which need to be obtained after comparison with the control group supervisor's evaluation.

[0027] (5) Efficacy score evaluation: According to the extracted part of the recorded item indicators, different weights are set, and the efficacy of the Chinese herbal decoction is comprehensively scored (S) using the calculation formula (Formula 1). The specific scoring formula is as follows:

[0028] S=V1*30%+V2*30%+V3*10%+V4*10%+V5*10%+V6*10% (Formula 1)

[0029] Among them, V1-V6 are the six indicators described in technical solution (4). Each of V1-V6 is calculated based on a full score of 100, and the time is 1-2 weeks; V1-V2 and V5 are calculated based on the final observation stop time, and V3 is averaged and then compared with all other parallel experiments; V4 can be calculated in batches at the same time interval.

[0030] (6) Determine the best combination: Calculate the therapeutic effect score of each drug on injured fish according to the calculation formula of technical solution (5), then sort them in descending order of score, select the top three Chinese medicines, and again perform equal proportions of two-by-two combinations and three-way combinations. Calculate and sort the Chinese medicine combinations with good therapeutic efficacy according to the calculation formula of technical solution (5). Select the top two Chinese medicine combinations with the highest scores as the best combination for further analysis.

[0031] (7) Determine the optimal ratio: After determining the optimal combination, adjust the proportion again to obtain the optimal ratio, change the ratio by 1-5 times, observe the efficacy, calculate the score, and select the Chinese medicine combination with the best ratio.

[0032] (8) Determine the best plan: Comprehensively examine the experiments of single Chinese medicine, best combination and best ratio, and select the group with the largest score as the final Chinese medicine treatment plan.

[0033] (9) Select the effective parts and treatment methods of Chinese medicine: After determining the best treatment plan, conduct a comparison of the efficacy of different parts of Chinese medicine, mainly for Chinese medicine that can be used as medicine in multiple parts, and conduct a comparison experiment on the efficacy of decoction of raw herbs and decoction of extracts to determine the best effective parts and treatment methods.

[0034] (10) Determine the pre-experimental steps: Considering that salt water has certain bactericidal and disease-preventing capabilities, and is easy to obtain and simple to operate, add a pre-treatment experiment of soaking injured fish in salt water of different concentrations, calculate the increase in scores after adding the pre-experiment, and retain the pre-experimental step if the addition of the pre-experiment significantly improves the score.

[0035] (11) Determine the amount of feed to be fed during the treatment period of injured fish: According to the principle of reducing the amount of feed and gradually increasing it, the length of fasting time during the treatment of injured fish and the specific amount of feeding to be gradually increased are tested. Experiments are conducted based on feeding and not feeding, with a feeding increase or decrease of 5%. The principle is to examine whether the efficacy of the medicine for injured fish is significantly improved. Taking into account different fish species, a reference amount of feed is finally given.

[0036] (12) Determine the effect of further refinement of the selected Chinese medicine on the efficacy of treating fish injuries, including the quality of the Chinese medicine preparation, the final solution concentration, the concentration of the medicinal bath culture, the concentration of the medicinal solution flushing, and whether filtration and storage processing are required after crushing.

[0037] Following the above technical solution, a screening experiment for a Chinese herbal formula for treating longnose catfish was conducted. After multiple rounds of screening, the final Chinese herbal formula and specific experimental procedures were obtained. A brief description is as follows:

[0038] The traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating mechanical injuries of long-snouted catfish is a combination of cloves, fennel and rosemary, with the mass ratio of cloves: fennel: rosemary = 2:5:5; the medicinal parts are selected as follows: for cloves, the flowers of purple lilac or white lilac varieties are selected, or a mixture of flowers and leaves can be selected, with the mass proportion of leaves in the mixture not exceeding 50%; for fennel, the mature fruits are selected; and for rosemary, the flowers, stems and leaves are selected.

[0039] For the three Chinese medicines, you can choose to grind the raw herbs and boil them in water or directly use the Chinese medicinal material extracts; for the boiling method, add 12g of Chinese medicine mixed powder passed through a 20-mesh medicine sieve into 1200ml of clean water and boil for 30 minutes, use ordinary filter paper with a pore size of 30um to filter the residue, and make the total volume of the final "three fragrances" Chinese medicine liquid about 600ml, and then store it at 0℃ for use.

[0040] The three Chinese herbal medicines can also be decocted directly using extracts. Clove extract, fennel extract and rosemary extract can be directly added to 800 ml of water with a total weight of 2.4 g of the mixture in a ratio of 0.4:1:1 by mass. After decocting for 10 minutes, the volume is reduced to about 600 ml. After filtering with 20 μm pore size filter paper, it is stored at 0°C for later use. The extraction method of the three Chinese herbal medicine extracts is water extraction.

[0041] Special note: When conditions permit, subsequent treatment of injured fish should be carried out in separate waters with separate medical solutions to reduce the risk of mechanical damage caused by increased density, or the risk of cross-spread of fish diseases caused by the injured fish themselves carrying pathogens, or the impact of different recovery progress of injuries on the implementation of treatment plans due to differences in individual injuries.

[0042] Before starting traditional Chinese medicine treatment, mechanically injured longnose catfish should be pre-treated by soaking them in saline solution. Specifically, fry or young fish under 10 cm should be soaked in 0.5% saline for 15 minutes; fry or adult fish over 10 cm should be soaked in 1% saline for 20 minutes. For fry or young fish under 10 cm, add a 0.5% concentration of the traditional Chinese medicine "Three Fragrant Agent"; for fry or adult fish over 10 cm, add a 1% concentration of the traditional Chinese medicine "Three Fragrant Agent." Feed the longnose catfish in 25°C water with an aerator for 3-7 days. For more severe wounds, 5-8% "Three Fragrant Agent" can be used to directly flush the wound 2-3 times daily. Once the injury has significantly improved or the injured fish's feeding ability and activity have significantly increased, they can be moved to normal waters for breeding.

[0043] During the treatment of injured fish with traditional Chinese medicine, the feeding situation is as follows: no bait is fed for the first two days, and then the bait feeding is gradually increased according to the recovery of the injured fish, at the rate of 5% on the third day, 10% on the fourth day, 15% on the fifth day, 20% on the sixth day, 25% on the seventh day, and so on; when the bait feeding amount is less than 20%, the water is changed every two days, and when the bait feeding amount is greater than 20%, the water is changed once a day; when the injured part is significantly improved, or the activity of the injured fish is significantly enhanced, the fish can be moved to normal waters for breeding.

[0044] 3. Beneficial effects

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the technical method provided by the present invention has the following significant effects:

[0046] (1) The present invention uses a traditional Chinese medicine formula to treat fish injured by mechanical damage, thereby reducing a series of negative effects caused by the use of antibiotics, such as the development of drug resistance, antibiotic contamination, and easy transmission to the human body. Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of being non-toxic, minimally harmful to fish, and simple to operate in treating injured fish.

[0047] (2) Other relevant biological experiments of the present invention suggest that the "three fragrances" Chinese medicinal liquid used has certain bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and fish immunity-enhancing effects. While treating fish injuries, it can also effectively resist the occurrence of some fish diseases and play a protective role for fish with minor injuries or healthy fish. Specific implementation methods

[0048] In order to further illustrate the content of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail with reference to implementation cases.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] In this case study, we will introduce the efficacy of seven single Chinese herbal medicines in treating mechanically damaged longnose catfish juveniles. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0051] (1) From the juvenile longnose catfish injured during long-distance transportation, 9 groups of longnose catfish with similar injury severity and consistent individual size (5-8 cm) were selected, with no less than 3 longnose catfish in each group. Two of the groups were set as control groups, and the remaining 7 groups were set as experimental groups.

[0052] (2) Eight groups of longnose catfish were placed in eight separate 10L fish tanks (numbered #1-#8) with 0.5% saline solution and soaked for 15 minutes. Seven groups #1-#7 were selected for subsequent Chinese medicine treatment, which were the experimental groups. The remaining group was the control group with only saline solution. The remaining control group was placed in a separate fish tank of the same size (numbered #9) without any treatment, which was the blank control group. All nine fish tanks were oxygenated using aeration equipment, and all fish tanks were temperature-controlled to maintain a constant water temperature of 25°C.

[0053] (3) Seven Chinese medicinal herbs, including scallion white, coptis root, rosemary, pepper, lilac, honeysuckle and fennel, were selected, 10 g each, and crushed using a Chinese medicine grinder. The mixture was passed through a 20-mesh sieve, and then added to 1000 ml of water and boiled for 30 minutes. The residue was filtered using ordinary filter paper with a pore size of 30 μm to obtain about 500 ml of Chinese medicinal liquid for each herb, which was then marked.

[0054] (4) Add the above Chinese medicine to the corresponding 1#-7# fish tanks at a concentration of 1%; feed the longnose catfish for 1 week. Do not feed bait for the first two days, and then gradually increase the amount of bait to 5% on the third day, 10% on the fourth day, 15% on the fifth day, 20% on the sixth day, and 25% on the seventh day, and so on; when the amount of bait fed is less than 20%, change the water every two days; when the amount of bait fed is greater than 20%, change the water once a day. After changing the water, add the same concentration of Chinese medicine decoction as before.

[0055] (5) After one week, the experimental indicators of each fish tank were recorded: number of fish that survived (V1), number of days that survived (V2), feed consumption (V3), feeding enthusiasm (V4), wound recovery (V5), and response to the external environment (V6), and the comprehensive score (S) of the Chinese herbal decoction was calculated. The specific results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0056] Table 1 Comprehensive scores (S) of seven single Chinese medicines for treating longnose catfish injuries

[0057] fish tank #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 S 57.7 66.4 81.1 66.9 77.2 39.6 82.6 38.6 28.7

[0058] From the perspective of the efficacy of single Chinese medicine treatment, if 60 points are set as basically effective, then 5 of the 7 Chinese medicines have a certain effect. But the top 3 among them are #7, #3 and #5, which correspond to fennel, rosemary and cloves. This implementation experiment shows that compared with the other 4 Chinese medicine ingredients, fennel, cloves and rosemary have better efficacy in treating fish injuries caused by mechanical damage. In addition, compared with the blank control group, it was found that in the process of Chinese medicine treatment of fish injuries, adding 0.5-1% of soaking the injured fish for 15-20 minutes has a certain effect on the treatment of fish injuries.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] In this case study, we will introduce the effects of the differences in the selection of two Chinese medicinal raw materials, clove and rosemary, and the differences in the addition of feed during treatment on the efficacy of yellow catfish injury. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0061] (1) The Chinese medicinal lilac sources were divided into: #1 lilac flowers, #2 white lilac flowers, #3 lilac flowers and leaves, each accounting for 50% by weight, #4 lilac flowers accounting for 40% and leaves accounting for 60%; #5 rosemary flowers, #6 rosemary leaves, #7 rosemary flowers and leaves, each accounting for 50%; #8 rosemary leaves, flower:stem:leaf = 4:3:3; #9 lilac feed control group, #10 white lilac feed control group; and #11 rosemary leaf control group. These 11 groups of Chinese medicinal herbs were crushed according to the Chinese medicinal method (the third step of Example 1) and marked.

[0062] (2) Select juvenile yellow catfish injured during transportation or mechanical shock, and select 11 groups of yellow catfish with similar injury severity and consistent size (6-8 cm), with no fewer than 5 longnose catfish in each group. Groups #9-#11 were set as control groups corresponding to #1, #2, and #6.

[0063] (3) For #1-#8, no feed was given for the first two days, and then the feed was gradually increased from 3 to 10 days (refer to the fourth step of Example 1); for #9, no feed was given for the first three days, and a feed of 50% was given from 4 to 7 days, with the water changed daily; for #10, no feed was given from 1 to 2 days, and a feed of 30% was added from 4 to 6 days, with the water changed every 3 days; for 7 to 10 days, a feed of 50% was added and the water changed daily; for #11, the injured fish were fed 100% feed daily, with the water changed every 3 days. Note: After each water change, the same concentration of Chinese herbal decoction was added.

[0064] (4) After 10 days, the comprehensive scores of the Chinese herbal decoctions of the yellow catfish in the #1-#11 fish tanks were recorded, and the assessment indicators were still the calculation methods of (4) and (5) of the technical solution of this patent. The assessment indicators include the number of survival (V1), the number of survival days (V2), feed consumption (V3), feeding enthusiasm (V4), wound recovery (V5) and reaction to the external environment (V6), and the comprehensive score (S) of the Chinese herbal decoction was calculated. Note that the feed consumption here is the difference between the feeding amount and the remaining amount. The comprehensive score of the decoction of different parts of rosemary and cloves for treating yellow catfish injuries was calculated, and the specific results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0065] Table 2 Comprehensive score (S) results of decoction of different parts of rosemary and clove in treating yellow catfish bites

[0066] fish tank #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 S 70.25 76.00 75.00 65.00 70.75 71.50 78.00 69.75

[0067] Table 2 shows that the overall scores varied little, with the highest score being #7, which represents a 50% each of rosemary flowers and leaves. However, these scores were not statistically significantly different from the treatment results for other parts. The efficacy of decoctions prepared from different rosemary and clove parts varied little in treating fish wounds, with only #4 showing a poor result. This suggests that the optimal weight of clove flowers and leaves should not exceed 50%.

[0068] Furthermore, comparing #9-#11 with the corresponding #1, #2 and #6, it was found that the feeding method of the latter, in which no feeding was performed for the first two days and the feed amount was increased by 5% daily thereafter (abbreviated as: single incremental method), had a higher mean value than the other feeding methods of the former. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0069] Table 3 Summary of the results of the effects of adding different amounts of feed on the comprehensive score (S) of rosemary and clove in treating yellow catfish injury

[0070] fish tank #1 #2 #6 #9 #10 #11 S 70.25 76.00 71.50 66.75 72.00 67.00

[0071] Table 3 clearly demonstrates the superiority of the single-step feed method over the other methods. Although results from group #10 were superior to the other two, overall, the single-step feed method was more effective. This suggests that the feed amount for injured fish should be increased gradually and in small increments. If the feed amount exceeds 20% of the normal amount, water contamination from feed and metabolic products of injured fish should be considered, and prompt water replacement is necessary.

[0072] It should be noted that in Example 2, the TCM efficacy scores for clove, rosemary, and fennel differed somewhat from the previous results for the longnose catfish experiment, but the overall trends were the same. These differences may be due to factors such as species differences, the number of wounded fish used in the experiment, and bias caused by human manipulation.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] In this implementation case, three questions will be investigated through experiments: the first is the optimal ratio of three Chinese herbal medicines: clove, fennel, and rosemary; the second is whether the efficacy of the extracts of these three Chinese herbal medicines is equivalent to that of the raw materials, and the optimal ratio; and the third is to examine the optimal therapeutic concentration of the three Chinese herbal extracts for fish of different sizes. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0075] (1) The three Chinese medicinal herbs, cloves, fennel and rosemary, were grouped according to different mass ratios, and the extracts of the three Chinese medicinal herbs (water extraction method) were also grouped according to different mass ratios, specifically grouped as follows: #1 cloves: fennel: rosemary = 1:1:1; #2 cloves: fennel: rosemary = 1:2:2; #3 cloves: fennel: rosemary = 2:5:5; #4 clove extract: fennel extract: rosemary extract = 1:1:1; #5 clove extract: fennel extract: rosemary extract = 1:2:2; #6 clove extract: fennel extract: rosemary extract = 2:5:5.

[0076] (2) Mechanical trauma was performed on the juvenile longnose catfish using mechanical vibration. Six groups of small longnose catfish with similar injury severity and consistent size (5-8 cm) were selected, and six groups of large longnose catfish larger than 10 cm were selected, with six longnose catfish in each group. Tanks #1-#6 were set as the small group, and #7-#12 were set as the large group.

[0077] (3) For the three Chinese herbal medicines #1-#3, each portion was weighed according to the total amount of 12g, while for the Chinese herbal medicine extracts, 20% of the raw medicine was weighed, that is, 2.4g was weighed. The three Chinese herbal medicines were crushed and boiled in water. The boiling method was to pass the mixed powder through a 20-mesh sieve and add 1200ml of clean water to decoct for 30 minutes. The residue was filtered with ordinary filter paper with a pore size of 30um. The total volume of the final "three-fragrant agent" Chinese herbal medicine liquid was about 600ml and then stored for later use. For clove extract, fennel extract and rosemary extract, according to the weight ratio of each portion of 0.4:1:1, 800ml of clean water was directly added to each portion of the mixture extract. After decocting for 10 minutes, the volume was reduced to about 600ml. After filtering with a pore size filter paper of 20um, it was stored for later use.

[0078] (4) Place small-sized longnose catfish in the #1-#6 fish tanks and soak them in 0.5% salt water for 15 minutes; then add different proportions of the "Three Fragrances" Chinese herbal medicine solution with a concentration of 0.5% according to the number in step (1) for a medicinal bath. In contrast, place large-sized longnose catfish in the #7-#12 fish tanks and soak them in 1.0% salt water for 20 minutes; then add different proportions of the "Three Fragrances" Chinese herbal medicine solution with a concentration of 1.0% according to the number in step (1) for a medicinal bath;

[0079] (5) During the treatment period, the feeding methods of #1-#12 were all carried out according to the fourth step of Example 1.

[0080] (6) After 10 days, the comprehensive scores of the Chinese herbal decoctions for the long-snout catfish in the #1-#12 fish tanks were recorded. The specific results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0081] Table 4 Comparison of comprehensive scoring results of different proportions of “Sanxiang Decoction” for treating longnose catfish injuries

[0082] serial number #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Rating S 77.75 83.50 85.00 82.00 78.75 80.50 serial number #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 Rating S 76.50 83.25 84.75 73.50 80.50 82.00

[0083] As can be seen in Table 4, the "Three Fragrance Decoction" with a ratio of cloves: fennel: rosemary (2:5:5) achieved the highest mean overall score for injured fish, indicating that this ratio outperformed the other two. Furthermore, the overall results for large longnose catfish (>10 cm) were largely consistent with those for smaller individuals.

Claims

1. A Chinese medicine composition for treating mechanical damage of long-snout catfish, characterized in that: The Chinese medicine composition is made from three Chinese medicine raw materials: cloves, fennel and rosemary, and the mass ratio of the cloves, fennel and rosemary is 2:5:5; Wherein, the lilac is lilac or white lilac, the medicinal part of the lilac is the flower or a mixture of flowers and leaves, and the weight of the leaves in the mixture of flowers and leaves does not exceed 50%; Among them, the medicinal part of rosemary is a mixture of flowers, stems and leaves; The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared by decocting in water.

2. A Chinese medicine composition for treating mechanical damage of long-snouted catfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the Chinese medicine composition comprises the following steps: Take 12g of mixed crude drug powder that has passed through a 20-mesh sieve, add 1200ml of clean water and boil for 30 minutes, filter using ordinary filter paper with a pore size of 30um, and store the final total volume of the Chinese medicine liquid at 0℃ until the total volume reaches 600ml.

3. A method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for treating mechanical damage of long-snouted catfish, characterized in that: Clove extract, fennel extract and rosemary extract were mixed in a mass ratio of 0.4:1:1 to obtain a mixture. 2.4 g of the mixture was added into 800 ml of water and boiled. The mixture was filtered and stored at 0°C for later use.