A method for comprehensive control of pear borer using trichogrammatids

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for the comprehensive control of pear borer by utilizing trichogrammatids. The method comprises the following steps: artificially breeding the pear borer and breeding the trichogrammatids using pear borer eggs, releasing the trichogrammatids into the affected orchard, establishing a stable natural enemy population to suppress the occurrence of the pear borer, and combining multiple control measures such as manual control and trap control to effectively suppress the insect pests and reduce the degree of damage to fruit trees caused by the pear borer. The method also greatly reduces the total amount of pesticide used, significantly reduces the amount of pesticide residues in crops and soil, significantly improves the environmental quality, increases the field biodiversity index, and keeps the farmland ecosystem in a continuously stable state. The method avoids the pear borer's resistance to pesticides, reduces the damage to organisms, saves pesticide funds, can provide green and pollution-free agricultural and sideline products, and promotes the green development of agriculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pest control, and in particular to a method for comprehensive control of pear borer by utilizing trichogrammatids. Background Art

[0002] The pear borer is an insect of the genus Pyralidae, family Cichoridae, order Lepidoptera. The adult body is dark brown or gray-black, with gray-brown and upturned palps on the lower labium, thread-like antennae, gray-black forewings with short white oblique stripes on the leading edge, scattered gray-white scales on the wing surface, stripes on the trailing edge, and light brown hindwings. The legs are gray-brown, with the ends of each tarsus gray-white. The abdomen is gray-brown. Because the holes bored by the larvae cause rot around the fruit, the holes in the fruit are large, with insect feces and silk nets at the hole mouth, and a black and rotten area, it is also called black plaster.

[0003] The pear borer is a major fruit borer worldwide, primarily targeting pears and peaches, but also apples, hawthorns, plums, apricots, cherries, crabapples, crabapples, dates, and papayas. To prevent and control the borer, avoid planting apples, pears, and peaches together or in close proximity. Overwintering, prevent the larvae by weeding the trunks, bagging the fruit, using blacklights, hanging sweet and sour pots, and using pesticides.

[0004] Currently, the control of pear borer is still primarily based on chemical methods. However, the long-term and extensive use of chemical pesticides not only kills natural enemies, but also fosters pest resistance and contributes to environmental pollution. Faced with the dual pressures of pest infestation and ecological degradation, the use of biological control technologies is considered the most promising and promising solution, and should be the future direction of modern agricultural pest control. In biological control of crop pests, the selection, propagation, and application of natural enemy insects are crucial tools for sustainable, integrated pest management. Among existing natural enemy insects, trichogrammatids are among the most widespread and effective insects for controlling agricultural and forestry pests. Based on existing empirical analysis, trichogrammatids possess significant potential in combating pear borer.

[0005] Trichogrammatidae, a member of the Hymenoptera order, are a type of egg parasitic wasp with a wide range of applications and excellent pest control effectiveness in modern agricultural and forestry biological pest control research, particularly effective against Lepidoptera pests. Using Trichogrammatidae for pest control is environmentally friendly, safe for humans and animals, and maintains ecological balance, making it highly practical.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to provide a comprehensive prevention and control method that uses trichogrammatids to prevent pear borer and combines it with other prevention and control measures. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for integrated control of pear borer using trichogrammatids, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Catch the pear borer

[0009] 100-120 / m in the field 2 Set up a trap to capture pear borers. The trap's lure is a rubber stopper. When in use, the lure is threaded through a wire and hung above the center of the trap. Each lure contains 100-200 μg of attractant, and the lure should be replaced every 15-20 days.

[0010] Preferably, the attractant is based on water, and the concentration (mg / L) ratio of cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexenol, and benzaldehyde is (4-5):(1-2):(1-2).

[0011] The main components of volatiles in green leafy plants include cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexenol, benzaldehyde, benzonitrile and other substances. Therefore, using such substances as attractants can significantly improve the luring effect on pear borer, especially for unmated pear borer.

[0012] Step 2: Cultivate pear borer

[0013] The captured pear borer larvae were placed in a breeding pond with a male-to-female ratio of (1-2):(3-5) and the bottom of the breeding pond was covered with 1-2 cm thick fruit residues. The pond was sprayed with water twice a day at 100-200 ml / m 2 After the eclosion, spray the mating promoting agent once every two days, 10-20ml / m 2 , spray 4 times in a row; place kraft paper for them to lay eggs, collect the eggs and store them in a refrigerator at 4-5℃ for later use;

[0014] Preferably, the temperature of the cultivation tank is 20-25°C, RH 65-75%, and the light intensity is (12-15) L: (9-12) D;

[0015] Preferably, the fruit residue is apple residue, peach residue, or pear residue in any proportion. The fruit residue mainly provides energy for the mating and egg laying of the pear borer, thereby increasing the mating rate and egg laying rate.

[0016] Preferably, the mating-promoting agent uses water as a matrix, and the concentration (mg / L) ratio of benzonitrile, benzaldehyde, and decanal is 1:(1-2):(10-15); substances such as benzonitrile, benzaldehyde, and decanal can increase the mating desire of male and female pear borers, significantly improve the mating rate, egg laying rate, and egg quality, and provide a basis for the successful parasitism of trichogrammatids.

[0017] Step 3: Make Bee Card

[0018] Hang honey water in the artificial climate box, spread a 1-2mm thick fruit and leaf mixture on the bottom of the artificial climate box, and evenly spread the insect eggs on the fruit and leaf mixture, then put the hatched trichogrammatids in, with a bee-egg ratio of 1: (80-90), and spray pheromone at a spraying rate of 5-10ml / m 2 Then, irradiate with ultraviolet light for 30-45 minutes every day. The color of the eggs is used to determine whether they are parasitized. Black eggs indicate parasitization. The parasitized eggs are selected and fixed on white paper with double-sided tape to make bee cards. Each bee card contains 200-300 eggs.

[0019] Properly irradiating insect eggs and trichogrammatids with ultraviolet rays can effectively increase the parasitism rate and birth rate of trichogrammatids;

[0020] Preferably, the mass ratio of honey to water in the honey water is 1:(3-4); the honey water provides energy for the parasitism of the trichogrammatid wasp and increases the parasitism rate of the trichogrammatid wasp.

[0021] Preferably, the fruit leaf mixture is apple pomace, peach pomace, pear pomace, apple tree leaves, peach tree leaves, and pear tree leaves in any proportion. The volatiles of the fruit leaf residue can effectively attract wild trichogrammatids to parasitize, greatly improving the parasitism rate and egg utilization rate, and saving labor time costs;

[0022] Preferably, the pheromone is based on water, and the concentration (mg / L) ratio of cis-3-hexenyl acetate, benzonitrile, and benzoic acid is 10:1:1; Trichogramma has a selective preference for cis-3-hexenyl acetate, benzonitrile, and benzoic acid, which can further attract wild Trichogramma to parasitize, and on the other hand, ensure that artificially placed Trichogramma will not leave; cis-3-hexenyl acetate, benzonitrile, and benzoic acid also significantly promote the increase of the parasitism rate of Trichogramma.

[0023] Step 4: Comprehensive prevention and control

[0024] Combined with winter pruning of fruit trees, scrape off the old, rough, and peeling bark on the trunks and main branches, clean up the dead branches and fallen leaves in the orchard, and bury or burn them in a concentrated manner to eliminate the old ripe pear borer that overwinters in the gaps between the old, rough, and peeling bark and in the fallen leaves; turn the soil under the tree canopy in winter to bury the old ripe pear borer that overwinters in the soil so that it cannot emerge from the soil;

[0025] During the young fruit stage, apply 0.1-0.2g / L chlorantraniliprole solution every 20-25 days, with a dosage of 1-5g / mu;

[0026] Set up sweet and sour liquid traps in the orchard, 6-8 per mu, and hang the traps at a height of 1-1.5m. Change the sweet and sour liquid every 7-10 days and once after rain. Remove insect carcasses and debris promptly. Hang disorienting wires on branches in the upper middle part of the tree canopy with good ventilation.

[0027] Place bee cards in the orchard for a total of three times, with an interval of 1-2 days between each release, 4-6 bee cards per mu each time, and spray pheromone every 5-7 days at a spraying rate of 10-15ml / m 2 .

[0028] Preferably, the mass ratio of acetic acid, white sugar, brown sugar and water in the sweet and sour liquid is (2-3):(1-2):(0.5-1):(80-90).

[0029] Using trichogrammatids to control pear borers, combined with traps, sweet and vinegar liquids, and manual control, the diverse control methods can complement each other well, significantly improve short-term and long-term control effectiveness, and timely utilize natural factors to control the occurrence and development of pests. The overall control plan has no obvious shortcomings or loopholes.

[0030] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0031] (1) The present invention artificially breeds pear borer and uses pear borer eggs to breed trichogrammatids, which are then released into the affected orchard to establish a stable natural enemy population to inhibit the occurrence of pear borer, effectively suppress the pest, and reduce the degree of damage caused by pear borer to fruit trees. This significantly improves the prevention and control effect and increases fruit yield. The total amount of pesticide used is greatly reduced, significantly reducing the amount of pesticide residues in crops and soil, significantly improving environmental quality, increasing the field biodiversity index, and maintaining a sustained and stable farmland ecosystem.

[0032] (2) The present invention avoids the resistance of pear borer to pesticides, reduces harm to organisms, saves pesticide costs, can provide green and pollution-free agricultural and sideline products, and promotes green agricultural development;

[0033] (3) The present invention combines multiple control methods, with complementary advantages and synergistic effects. It does not use chemical pesticides, and no harmful chemicals are introduced into the soil and water. It has little impact on the ecosystem and helps to protect ecological balance and biodiversity.

[0034] (4) The present invention uses chlorantraniliprole insecticide, which has the least impact on trichogrammatids. While removing the pear borer, it will not have a negative impact on the trichogrammatids. In particular, when the chlorantraniliprole insecticide is sprayed during the young fruit stage, the trichogrammatids are already mature, and the lethality of the chlorantraniliprole insecticide on the trichogrammatids is further reduced. In addition, the concentration and dosage of the chlorantraniliprole solution are far lower than the lethal dose of the trichogrammatids. Therefore, the dual control of chlorantraniliprole insecticide and trichogrammatid can reduce the damage of the pear borer to the fruit trees.

[0035] (5) The trichogrammatid wasps used in the present invention are highly selective for specific pests, can accurately control target organisms, have little impact on non-target organisms, help maintain ecological balance, and achieve long-term control effects;

[0036] (6) The present invention has high selectivity and flexibility, and can be appropriately improved and adjusted according to different pest and disease problems, and can adapt to different environments and crop characteristics by selecting appropriate biological control agents and ecological regulation measures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] A local orchard was selected and divided into several plots for implementing the following comparative examples and embodiments. Each plot was divided into three parts, each of which was planted with apple trees, peach trees, and pear trees.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Step 1: Catch the pear borer

[0041] 100-120 / m in the field 2 A trap is set up to capture pear borer; the trap core is supported by a rubber stopper and is threaded with wire and hung above the center of the trap during use. Each core contains 150 μg of attractant, and the attractant is replaced every 15 days. The attractant is water-based and contains cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexenol, and benzaldehyde in a concentration ratio (mg / L) of 5:1:2;

[0042] Step 2: Cultivate pear borer

[0043] The captured pear borer larvae were artificially reared in a culture pond at a male-to-female ratio of 1:3. The temperature of the culture pond was 20°C, RH 70%, and light intensity 12L:12D. Apple pomace, peach pomace, and pear pomace of any proportion were spread on the bottom of the culture pond with a thickness of 1.5 cm. Water was sprayed twice a day at 150 ml / m 2 After the eclosion, spray the mating promoting agent once every two days, 15ml / m 2 , spray 4 times in a row, the mating promoting agent is based on water, and the concentration ratio (mg / L) of benzonitrile, benzaldehyde and decanal is 1:2:15; place kraft paper for them to lay eggs, collect the eggs and store them in a refrigerator at 4℃ for later use;

[0044] Step 3: Make Bee Card

[0045] Hang honey water in an artificial climate chamber, with a mass ratio of honey to water of 1:4; spread apple pomace, peach pomace, pear pomace, apple tree leaves, peach tree leaves, and pear tree leaves in any proportion with a thickness of 2mm on the bottom of the artificial climate chamber, and evenly spread insect eggs on the fruit and leaf mixture, then put the hatched trichogrammatids in, with a bee-egg ratio of 1:90, and spray pheromone at a spraying rate of 5-10ml / m 2 The pheromone is water-based, and the concentration ratio (mg / L) of cis-3-hexene acetate, benzonitrile, and benzoic acid is 10:1:1. The eggs are then irradiated with ultraviolet light for 45 minutes every day. The color of the eggs is used to determine whether they are parasitized. Black eggs indicate parasitization. The parasitized eggs are screened out and fixed on white paper with double-sided tape to make bee cards, with 300 eggs per bee card.

[0046] Step 4: Comprehensive prevention and control

[0047] Combined with winter pruning of fruit trees, scrape off the old, rough, and peeling bark on the trunks and main branches, clean up the dead branches and fallen leaves in the orchard, and bury or burn them in a concentrated manner to eliminate the old ripe pear borer that overwinters in the gaps between the old, rough, and peeling bark and in the fallen leaves; turn the soil under the tree canopy in winter to bury the old ripe pear borer that overwinters in the soil so that it cannot emerge from the soil;

[0048] During the young fruit stage, apply 0.1g / L chlorantraniliprole solution once every 20 days, with a dosage of 2.5g / mu;

[0049] Set up sweet and sour liquid traps in the orchard, 8 per mu, and hang the traps at a height of 1.5m. The mass ratio of acetic acid, white sugar, brown sugar, and water in the sweet and sour liquid is 2:1:0.5:80. The sweet and sour liquid should be replaced once every 7 days and once after rain. Insect corpses and debris should be removed promptly. Hang disorienting wires on branches in the upper and middle parts of the tree canopy with good ventilation.

[0050] Place bee cards in the orchard for a total of three times, with an interval of one day between each release, 5 bee cards per mu each time, and spray pheromone every 7 days at a spraying rate of 10-15ml / m 2 .

[0051] Test Example 1

[0052] During the implementation of Example 1, the parasitism rate of trichogrammatids, the birth rate of trichogrammatids, and the control effect were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1

[0054] Parasitism rate Birth rate Control effect Apple tree parts 0.972 0.955 0.964 Peach tree part 0.959 0.983 0.953 Pear tree part 0.967 0.970 0.970

[0055] Note: Parasitism rate = number of parasitized eggs / total number of eggs Birth rate = number of eggs laid / number of parasitized eggs

[0056] Control effect = 1-number of fruits with disease / total number of fruits

[0057] As can be seen from Table 1, this embodiment can greatly improve the control effect, significantly increase the parasitism rate and birth rate of Trichogramma, and has high adaptability. It is applicable to orchards such as apple orchards, peach orchards, and pear orchards, and has good effects.

[0058] Test Example 2

[0059] The parasitism rate and birth rate of trichogrammatids were investigated under the conditions of no fruit residues, no spraying of mating-promoting agents, no laying of fruit and leaf mixtures, no spraying of pheromones, and no irradiation with ultraviolet light. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0060] Table 2

[0061] Parasitism rate Birth rate Example 1 0.972 0.955 No fruit residue 0.874 0.902 No spraying of mating promotion drugs 0.909 0.893 No fruit and leaf mixture 0.655 0.912 No pheromone spraying 0.691 0.753 No UV light required 0.717 0.843

[0062] Note: Parasitism rate = number of parasitized eggs / total number of eggs Birth rate = number of eggs laid / number of parasitized eggs

[0063] As can be seen from Table 2, when fruit residues are not laid and mating-promoting agents are not sprayed, the parasitism rate and birth rate of Trichogrammatis are slightly reduced. This is because the number of eggs laid by the pear borer is reduced by 30% compared with Example 1. Due to the low base number of eggs, the overall parasitism rate and birth rate show a slight decrease; not laying the fruit and leaf mixture significantly affects the parasitism rate of Trichogrammatis, and not spraying pheromones and not irradiating eggs with ultraviolet lamps significantly affects the parasitism rate and birth rate of Trichogrammatis; the above-mentioned various situations indirectly affect the prevention and control effect of fruit trees by directly affecting the parasitism rate and birth rate of Trichogrammatis.

[0064] Test Example 3

[0065] The control effect of fruit trees was explored without manual control, spraying of chlorantraniliprole solution, setting of traps and placement of bee cards. Taking apple trees as an example, the results are shown in Table 3.

[0066] Table 3

[0067] Control effect Example 1 0.964 No artificial prevention 0.698 No-trap control 0.603 No bee card is placed 0.320 No chlorantraniliprole solution sprayed 0.206

[0068] Note: Control effect = 1-number of fruits with disease / total number of fruits

[0069] As shown in Table 3, the lack of manual control, trap control, and chlorantraniliprole spraying all affected the control effect of the technical solution of the present invention, and the absence of bee cards and the spraying of chlorantraniliprole solution significantly affected the control effect. Only by combining biological control with other control techniques and synergizing multiple methods with each other and complementing each other's advantages can the best control effect be achieved.

[0070] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for integrated control of pear borer using trichogrammatids, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Catch the pear borer 100-120 / m in the field 2 Set up a trap to capture pear borers. The trap's lure is a rubber stopper. When in use, the lure is threaded through a wire and hung above the center of the trap. Each lure contains 100-200 μg of attractant, and the lure should be replaced every 15-20 days. Step 2: Cultivate pear borer The captured pear borer was placed in a breeding pond with a male-to-female ratio of (1-2):(3-5) and a layer of fruit residue 1-2 cm thick was spread on the bottom of the breeding pond. Water was sprayed twice a day at 100-200 ml / m 2 Spray the mating promoting agent once every 2 days, 10-20ml / m 2 , spray 4 times in a row; place kraft paper for them to lay eggs, collect the eggs and store them in a refrigerator at 4-5℃ for later use; Step 3: Make Bee Card Hang honey water in an artificial climate box, keep the artificial climate box ventilated and the temperature at 15-20℃, spread a 1-2mm thick fruit and leaf mixture on the bottom of the artificial climate box, and evenly spread the insect eggs on the fruit and leaf mixture, then put the hatched trichogrammatids in, with a bee-egg ratio of 1:(80-90), and spray pheromone at a spraying rate of 5-10ml / m 2 Then, irradiate with ultraviolet light for 30-45 minutes every day. The color of the eggs is used to determine whether they are parasitized. Black eggs indicate parasitization. The parasitized eggs are selected and fixed on white paper with double-sided tape to make bee cards. Each bee card contains 200-300 eggs. Step 4: Comprehensive prevention and control; Combined with winter pruning of fruit trees, scrape off the old, rough, and peeling bark on the trunks and main branches, clean up the dead branches and fallen leaves in the orchard, and bury or burn them in a concentrated manner to eliminate the old ripe pear borer that overwinters in the gaps between the old, rough, and peeling bark and in the fallen leaves; turn the soil under the tree canopy in winter to bury the old ripe pear borer that overwinters in the soil so that it cannot emerge from the soil; During the young fruit stage, apply 0.1-0.2g / L chlorantraniliprole solution every 20-25 days, with a dosage of 1-5g / mu; Set up sweet and sour liquid traps in the orchard, 6-8 per mu, and hang the traps at a height of 1-1.5m. Change the sweet and sour liquid every 7-10 days and once after rain. Remove insect carcasses and debris promptly. Hang disorienting wires on branches in the upper middle part of the tree canopy with good ventilation. Place bee cards in the orchard for a total of three times, with an interval of 1-2 days between each release, 4-6 bee cards per mu each time, and spray pheromone every 5-7 days at a spraying rate of 10-15ml / m 2 ; In step 2, the mating promoting agent is based on water, and the concentration ratio (mg / L) of benzonitrile, benzaldehyde and decanal is 1:(1-2):(10-15); The pheromone uses water as a matrix, and the concentration ratio (mg / L) of cis-3-hexene acetate, benzonitrile and benzoic acid is 10:1:

1.

2. The method for integrated control of pear borer using Trichogramma according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the attractant is based on water, and the concentration (mg / L) ratio of cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexenol, and benzaldehyde is (4-5):(1-2):(1-2).

3. The method for integrated control of pear borer using Trichogramma according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the temperature of the incubation tank is 20°C, RH 70%, and the light intensity is 12L:12D.

4. The method for integrated control of pear borer using Trichogramma according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the fruit residue is apple residue, peach residue, and pear residue in any proportion.

5. The method for integrated control of pear borer using Trichogramma according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the mass ratio of honey to water in the honey water is 1:(3-4).

6. The method for integrated control of pear borer using Trichogramma according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the fruit and leaf mixture is apple pomace, peach pomace, pear pomace, apple tree leaves, peach tree leaves, and pear tree leaves in any proportion.

7. The method for integrated control of pear borer using Trichogramma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of acetic acid, white sugar, brown sugar and water in the sweet and sour liquid is (2-3):(1-2):(0.5-1):(80-90).