Special pet biological fermentation feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a pet special biological fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof. The pet special biological fermentation feed is prepared by fermenting soybean meal, corn flour, wheat flour and rice bran by using complex fermentation bacteria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis, and then compounding the fermentation product with other pet feed ingredients. The complex fermentation bacteria are used to replace plant protein ingredients in pet feed, and the obtained pet special biological fermentation feed has the characteristics of high digestion and utilization rate, improved intestinal health of pets, enhanced immunity of pets, and good flavor and palatability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The technical field belongs to the field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a pet special biological fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the highlighting of social problems such as aging, depopulation, and a substantial decline in the marriage rate, pet keeping has become an emotional outlet in the lives of many people. Pet keeping can provide companionship for the elderly and help promote their physical and mental health. According to the 2020 pet industry white paper, pet dogs and cats are the first choice for pet keeping in families, and the pet economy has also become a very large trend, with huge market demand. Various pet services have begun to appear in people's lives.

[0003] Pet feed is a nutritional food specially provided for pet dogs, and its main function is to provide dogs and cats with the nutrients required for basic life guarantee, growth and development, and health, of which the most important is protein. According to the source, protein is mainly divided into animal protein, plant protein and single-cell protein. Different types of protein have different nutritional values, and one of the important determining factors is the content and type of amino acids in the protein. Pets have completely different digestion, absorption and utilization of the two types of protein, so the intake of protein is crucial to the health of pets.

[0004] Animal protein and single-cell protein have high production costs and are not suitable for large-scale addition. Plant protein is mainly derived from grains and has a low cost. However, it cannot be efficiently absorbed and utilized in pets, resulting in a large amount of waste and an increase in pet defecation, which puts a burden on the liver and kidneys of pets. In order to reduce costs, a large amount of plant protein is added to most pet feeds, which not only puts a burden on the digestion and absorption of pets, but also causes long-term consumption to cause gastrointestinal allergies in pets, reduce the appetite of pets, and cause a large number of intestinal diseases, thereby affecting the health of pets.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the digestion and absorption of plant protein by pets and improve the intestinal problems of pets has become an effective way to improve the nutritional value, safety and reduce the production cost of pet feed.

[0006] At present, in order to solve the above problems, there are many ways to add probiotics to pet food on the market, which can regulate the intestinal function of pet dogs and cats by improving the intestinal flora of pets. However, the production cost of mixed strains is high, and most of the strains are not resistant to gastric acid and bile acid, and it is difficult to effectively customize the probiotics in the intestinal tract, so the improvement of the intestinal function of pets is limited. SUMMARY

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the application provides a preparation method of pet special biological fermentation feed, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) uniformly mixing soybean meal, corn flour, wheat flour and rice bran according to a proportion, and obtaining fermentation raw materials through sterilization treatment;

[0009] (2) respectively activating and expanding Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis subsp. to OD600≈1.0, then mixing equal volumes to obtain a composite fermentation bacterial liquid;

[0010] (3) adding the composite fermentation bacterial liquid to the fermentation raw materials, adjusting the water content, first carrying out aerobic fermentation at 28-32 ℃ for 2-3 days, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 35-38 ℃ for 2-3 days, to obtain fermentation base materials;

[0011] (4) drying the fermentation base materials to a water content of less than 10wt%, and crushing to obtain fermentation base material powder;

[0012] (5) uniformly mixing the fermentation base material powder with chicken meal, fish meal, chicken oil, soybean oil, fish oil and vitamins and minerals, to obtain the pet special biological fermentation feed.

[0013] Further, in step (1), the mass ratio of soybean meal, corn flour, wheat flour and rice bran is 3:1.5:1:1.

[0014] Further, in step (1), the sterilization treatment is sterilization at 110-120 ℃ and 25 MPa for 10-20 min.

[0015] Further, in step (2), the activation and expansion can be carried out by using conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art. For example, the activation can include culturing the purchased strain freeze-dried powder in a liquid medium at a suitable temperature for 24 h. Further, the composition of the liquid medium is: yeast extract 20 g, peptone 30 g, glucose 25 g, ultrapure water 1000 mL. The expansion can include inoculating the activated bacterial liquid into a fermentation medium, and culturing at a suitable temperature at a rotation speed of 200-300 r / min until the bacterial concentration is OD600≈1.0. Further, the composition of the fermentation medium is: peptone 10 g, yeast extract 8 g, anhydrous sodium acetate 3 g, glucose 20 g, beef extract 10 g, Tween-80 1 mL, K2HPO42 g, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g, ultrapure water 1000 mL.

[0016] Further, in step (3), the addition amount of the composite fermentation bacterial liquid is 0.1-2wt% of the fermentation raw materials.

[0017] Further, in step (3), the water content for aerobic fermentation is 40-50wt%, and the water content for anaerobic fermentation is 60-70wt%.

[0018] Further, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with CGMCC No. 2.5455, the Aspergillus oryzae is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with CGMCC No. 3.7195, the Lactobacillus plantarum is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with CGMCC No. 1.1856, the Bacillus subtilis is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with CGMCC No. 1.9086, and the Bifidobacterium animalis lactis is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with CGMCC No. 1.2891.

[0019] Further, the method further comprises, in step (3), filtering the obtained fermentation base material once with gauze with a mesh size of 150-200, and filtering the filtrate twice with a filter membrane with a mesh size of 50-100μm to obtain a fermentation base material filtrate.

[0020] Further, in step (5), the weight parts of each component are as follows: 45 parts of fermentation base material powder, 20 parts of chicken meal, 5 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of chicken oil, 1 part of soybean oil, 2 parts of fish oil, and 20 parts of vitamin and mineral.

[0021] Further, the vitamin and mineral used in the present application can be easily selected by those skilled in the art according to the need. For example, the vitamin and mineral used in the present application can be selected from vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 12, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, iodine, and the like. As an example, the vitamin and mineral used in the present application can provide 21,000IU of vitamin A, 3,000IU of vitamin D3, 50mg of vitamin E, 4mg of vitamin K3, 3mg of vitamin B1, 180mg of vitamin B2, 5mg of vitamin B6, 50mg of vitamin B12, 5mg of nicotinic acid, 20mg of calcium pantothenate, 10mg of folic acid, 0.2mg of biotin, 60mg of iron, 27mg of zinc, 20mg of manganese, 10mg of copper, and 0.2mg of iodine per kilogram of pet body weight. 12 50mg of vitamin B12, 5mg of nicotinic acid, 20mg of calcium pantothenate, 10mg of folic acid, 0.2mg of biotin, 60mg of iron, 27mg of zinc, 20mg of manganese, 10mg of copper, and 0.2mg of iodine per kilogram of pet body weight.

[0022] Further, the method further comprises, in step (5), uniformly mixing the mixture in a mixer and then granulating and drying the mixture.

[0023] The present application also provides a pet special biological fermentation feed prepared by the preparation method described herein.

[0024] Advantages of the invention

[0025] Current pet feed widely uses corn and soybean meal as raw materials to provide plant protein, however, both of them contain some anti-nutritional substances such as soybean antigen protein and phytic acid. When pets eat a large amount of feed, it will cause hypersensitivity reaction in the small intestine, and high phytic acid content affects the absorption and utilization of trace elements and the digestion and absorption of protein, which will cause more serious impact on livestock and poultry breeding.

[0026] The present application has successfully used the fermentation products of complex fermentation bacteria on related grains to replace the plant protein components used in pet feed, and the obtained pet special biological fermentation feed has the characteristics of high digestion and utilization rate, improved intestinal health of pets, improved immunity of pets, and also has good flavor and palatability. The present application can decompose and transform plant protein in grains into more digestible and absorbable nutrients without toxic effects through the synergistic effect of each strain, and can also degrade the anti-nutritional substances in grains, which not only removes harmful substances contained in these feed raw materials and improves the quality of feed, but also adjusts the dynamic balance of intestinal flora of pets, so as to maintain the health of intestinal tract and avoid the adverse effects of antibiotics on intestinal tract. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application will be further described below in combination with specific examples, but the examples do not limit the present application in any form. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and devices used in the present application are conventional reagents, methods and devices in the technical field.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] The present embodiment provides a preparation method of pet special biological fermentation feed, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0030] (1) uniformly mix soybean meal, corn flour, wheat flour and rice bran at a mass ratio of 3:1.5:1:1, sterilize at 115℃ and 25MPa for 20min to obtain fermentation raw materials;

[0031] (2) Activate and expand Saccharomyces cerevisiae (purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC No. 2.5455), Aspergillus oryzae (purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC No. 3.7195), Lactobacillus plantarum (purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC No. 1.1856), Bacillus subtilis (purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC No. 1.9086) and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis (Bifidobacterium animalis lactis purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC No. 1.2891) to OD600≈1.0 respectively, and then mix them in equal volume to obtain a composite fermentation bacteria solution;

[0032] The activation includes culturing the purchased strain freeze-dried powder in a liquid culture medium (yeast extract 20 g, peptone 30 g, glucose 25 g, ultrapure water 1000 mL) at a suitable temperature for 24 h;

[0033] The expansion includes inoculating the activated bacteria solution into a fermentation medium (peptone 10 g, yeast extract 8 g, anhydrous sodium acetate 3 g, glucose 20 g, beef extract 10 g, Tween-80 1 mL, K2HPO42 g, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g, ultrapure water 1000 mL) and culturing at a suitable temperature under a rotation speed of 200-300 r / min until the bacterial concentration is OD600≈1.0;

[0034] The Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis are cultured at 30°C under aerobic conditions, and the Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis are cultured at 37°C under anaerobic conditions;

[0035] (3) The composite fermentation bacteria solution is added to the fermentation raw material at 1 wt%, the moisture content is adjusted to 50 wt%, aerobic fermentation is carried out at 30°C for 3 days, then the moisture content is adjusted to 60 wt%, anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 37°C for 3 days to obtain a fermentation base material, then the obtained fermentation base material is filtered once with gauze with a mesh size of 150-200 meshes, and the filtrate is filtered twice with a filter membrane with a mesh size of 50-100 μm to obtain a fermentation base material filtrate;

[0036] (4) The fermentation base material filtrate is dried to a moisture content of less than 10 wt%, and is crushed to obtain a fermentation base material powder;

[0037] (5) 45 parts by weight of the fermentation base material powder, 20 parts by weight of chicken meal, 5 parts by weight of fish meal, 5 parts by weight of chicken oil, 1 part by weight of soybean oil, 2 parts by weight of fish oil and 20 parts by weight of vitamins and minerals are uniformly mixed in a mixer, and then granulated and dried to obtain the pet special biological fermented feed.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] The present embodiment provides a preparation method of pet special biological fermentation feed, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) mixing soybean meal, corn flour, wheat flour and rice bran uniformly according to a mass ratio of 3:1.5:1:1, sterilizing at 115℃ and 25MPa for 20min to obtain fermentation raw materials;

[0041] (2) activating and expanding Saccharomyces cerevisiae (purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC No.2.5455), Aspergillus oryzae (purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC No.3.7195), Lactobacillus plantarum (purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC No.1.1856), Bacillus subtilis (purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC No.1.9086) and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis (purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center CGMCC No.1.2891) to OD600≈1.0 respectively, and then mixing them in equal volume to obtain a composite fermentation bacterial solution;

[0042] wherein the activation comprises culturing the purchased strain freeze-dried powder in a liquid culture medium (yeast extract 20g, peptone 30g, glucose 25g, ultrapure water 1000mL) at a suitable temperature for 24h;

[0043] the expansion comprises inoculating the activated bacterial solution into a fermentation medium (peptone 10g, yeast extract 8g, anhydrous sodium acetate 3g, glucose 20g, beef extract 10g, Tween-80 1mL, K2HPO42g, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g, ultrapure water 1000mL) and culturing at a suitable temperature under a rotation speed of 200-300r / min until the bacterial concentration is OD600≈1.0;

[0044] wherein the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis are cultured at 30℃ under aerobic conditions; the Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis are cultured at 37℃ under anaerobic conditions;

[0045] (3) adding the composite fermentation bacterial solution into the fermentation raw materials at 2wt%, adjusting the moisture content to 40wt%, aerobic fermenting at 32℃ for 3 days, then adjusting the moisture content to 70wt%, anaerobic fermenting at 35℃ for 2 days to obtain fermentation base material, then filtering the obtained fermentation base material once with gauze having a mesh size of 150-200, and filtering the filtrate twice with a filter membrane having a mesh size of 50-100μm to obtain fermentation base material filtrate;

[0046] (4) drying the fermentation base material filtrate to a water content of less than 10 wt%, and crushing to obtain a fermentation base material powder;

[0047] (5) uniformly mixing 45 parts by weight of the fermentation base material powder with 20 parts by weight of chicken meal, 5 parts by weight of fish meal, 5 parts by weight of chicken oil, 1 part by weight of soybean oil, 2 parts by weight of fish oil, and 20 parts by weight of vitamins and minerals in a mixer, and then performing granulation and drying treatment, to obtain the pet special biological fermented feed.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] This comparative example provides a preparation method of a pet special biological fermented feed, which is different from Example 1 in that Bacillus licheniformis is added in step (2), and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0050] Comparative Example 2

[0051] This comparative example provides a preparation method of a pet special biological fermented feed, which is different from Example 1 in that Aspergillus niger is used to replace Aspergillus oryzae in step (2), and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0052] Comparative Example 3

[0053] This comparative example provides a preparation method of a pet special biological fermented feed, which is different from Example 1 in that Lactobacillus casei is used to replace Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis in step (2), and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 4

[0055] This comparative example provides a preparation method of a pet special biological fermented feed, which comprises uniformly mixing 45 parts by weight of a compound grain powder with 20 parts by weight of chicken meal, 5 parts by weight of fish meal, 5 parts by weight of chicken oil, 1 part by weight of soybean oil, 2 parts by weight of fish oil, and 20 parts by weight of vitamins and minerals in a mixer, and then performing granulation and drying treatment, to obtain the pet special biological fermented feed.

[0056] The compound grain powder is prepared by uniformly mixing soybean meal, corn powder, wheat flour, and rice bran in a mass ratio of 3:1.5:1:1, adding 1 wt% of spray-dried powder of the compound fermentation bacterial liquid prepared in step (2) of Example 1, and continuing to mix uniformly.

[0057] Comparative Example 5

[0058] The comparative example 1 provides a preparation method of a pet feed, which comprises uniformly mixing 45 parts by weight of a compound grain powder, 20 parts by weight of chicken meal, 5 parts by weight of fish meal, 5 parts by weight of chicken oil, 1 part by weight of soybean oil, 2 parts by weight of fish oil and 20 parts by weight of vitamins and minerals in a mixer, and then granulating and drying to obtain the pet feed.

[0059] The compound grain powder is prepared by uniformly mixing soybean meal, corn powder, wheat powder and rice bran at a mass ratio of 3:1.5:1:1.

[0060] Test example

[0061] Pet feed feeding dog experiment

[0062] Randomly select 120 pet cats of different breeds, divide them into 6 groups, 20 cats in each group, and feed them with the feeds prepared by the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-5 of the application. Record the average food intake within 30 days, and measure the protein residue in the feces. After 30 days, count the diarrhea incidence of all test pet cats, and measure the IgG content in the blood of the test pet cats by ELISA. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Table 1

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that the feed prepared by the example 1 of the application has good palatability, is easier to digest, can improve the appetite of pet cats and increase the food intake; the protein residue in the feces is the least, indicating that there is the most small molecular protein that is easy to digest and absorb; the diarrhea incidence is low and the blood immunoglobulin content is high, indicating that the intestinal health and immunity of pet cats are improved.

[0067] In the comparative example 1, Bacillus licheniformis is added, although the indicators of the protein residue in the feces, diarrhea incidence and IgG content in the blood are improved, but the average food intake is significantly reduced, indicating that the addition of Bacillus licheniformis changes the flavor of the feed and affects the palatability.

[0068] In the comparative example 2, Aspergillus niger is used to replace Aspergillus oryzae, and in the comparative example 3, Lactobacillus casei is used to replace Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis, and all the indicators are deteriorated, indicating that the addition of Aspergillus oryzae and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis is crucial for improving the digestion and utilization rate of plant protein.

[0069] In the case of only mixing the composite fermentation bacteria with the related grains in Comparative Example 4, the indicators are all deteriorated, indicating that simply adding the composite fermentation bacteria to the pet feed has limited improvement on improving the digestion and utilization of plant protein;

[0070] In the case of not using the composite fermentation bacteria in Comparative Example 5, the indicators are all poor, indicating that the addition of the composite fermentation bacteria is essential for improving the digestion and utilization of plant protein.

[0071] It should be noted that the specification of the present application gives the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the present application can be realized in many different forms, and is not limited to the embodiments described in the specification, and these embodiments are not additional limitations on the content of the present application, and the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive. Furthermore, the above technical features continue to be combined with each other, forming various embodiments not listed above, which are all considered to be within the scope of the present application specification; further, for those skilled in the art, the above description can be improved or changed, and all these improvements and changes shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a pet-specific bio-fermented feed, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing soybean meal, corn flour, wheat flour and rice bran in proportion to obtain fermentation raw materials after sterilization treatment; (2) activating and expanding Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis subsp. lactis to OD600=1.0, then mixing them in equal volume to obtain a composite fermentation bacterial liquid; (3) adding the composite fermentation bacterial liquid to the fermentation raw materials, adjusting the water content, and then performing aerobic fermentation at 28-32℃ for 2-3 days, and then performing anaerobic fermentation at 35-38℃ for 2-3 days to obtain fermentation base material; (4) drying the fermentation base material to a water content of less than 10wt%, and crushing to obtain fermentation base material powder; (5) mixing the fermentation base material powder with chicken meal, fish meal, chicken oil, soybean oil, fish oil and vitamins and minerals to obtain the pet special biological fermentation feed; The Saccharomyces cerevisiae is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC No. 2.5455), the Aspergillus oryzae is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC No. 3.7195), the Lactobacillus plantarum is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC No. 1.1856), the Bacillus subtilis is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC No. 1.9086), and the Bifidobacterium animalis lactis subsp. lactis is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC No. 1.2891).

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, The mass ratio of soybean meal, corn flour, wheat flour and rice bran is 3:1.5:1:

1.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sterilization treatment is sterilization at 110-120℃, 25MPa for 10-20min.

4. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, In step (3), the addition amount of the composite fermentation bacterial liquid is 0.1-2wt% of the fermentation raw materials.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the water content for aerobic fermentation is 40-50wt%, and the water content for anaerobic fermentation is 60-70wt%.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises uniformly mixing the mixture in a mixer in step (5), and then performing granulation and drying treatment.

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