An optimized tunnel structure and its construction method

Abstract

This invention provides an optimized tunnel structure and its construction method. The tunnel is located in a mountain and its entrance is connected to a channel. Before tunnel excavation, a support platform is set up at the tunnel entrance, and construction work is carried out at the tunnel entrance using the support platform to expand the working area. After tunnel construction is completed, a base and a gate hoist are set up using the support platform, and a flat gate is set up at the corresponding channel location. By setting up the flat gate and using the support platform to set up the gate hoist, the water volume of the tunnel can be allocated and managed under special working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, specifically to an optimized tunnel structure and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel engineering is a common structural form in water conservancy projects, especially in water diversion projects. When crossing mountains, it is often necessary to excavate the mountain to form a tunnel, and then set up a channel outside the mountain. The connection between the channel and the tunnel forms a water diversion structure. During tunnel construction, the working face is narrow, especially in mountain construction, where there is not enough working space, which leads to a decrease in construction progress and efficiency. If temporary working platforms are built to expand the working area, temporary fixed structures such as temporary scaffolding are generally used. Their fixation performance is limited, and they cannot be coordinated with the channel or tunnel, let alone control the tunnel or channel. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the problems of existing technologies by providing an optimized tunnel structure and its construction method. By designing a reasonable construction method, the tunnel construction is optimized, improving both the efficiency of tunnel construction and the performance of the combined operation of the tunnel and the canal.

[0004] This invention provides an optimized tunnel structure located within a mountain. The tunnel's inlet connects to a channel, which includes a left side wall, a right side wall, and a bottom wall. The channel and the tunnel together form a water diversion structure for guiding water flow. The structure is characterized by: a support platform at the tunnel inlet, the top surface of which is flat and its elevation is lower than the bottom elevation of the channel's bottom wall; a base on the support platform, with a gate hoist connected to it; a slot matching the gate on the right side wall of the channel; and a sliding groove matching the gate on the bottom wall of the channel, extending to the support platform and connected to it via a support column.

[0005] Preferably, the bottom elevation of the channel connecting to the tunnel inlet is the elevation of the lower surface of the channel connecting to the tunnel inlet.

[0006] Preferably, a water-stopping structure is provided between the groove on the right side wall of the channel and the flat gate.

[0007] This invention also provides a construction method for an optimized tunnel structure, characterized in that the construction method includes the following steps:

[0008] S1: Before tunnel excavation, multiple anchor bolts are installed along the mountainside at the tunnel entrance, located on the right side of the tunnel. One end of each anchor bolt extends into the mountainside, while the other end extends out. A temporary working platform is erected using the mountainside as a support. On this platform, steel bars are tied to the anchor bolts extending out of the mountainside to form a steel cage for the support platform. A formwork is then erected, and concrete is poured onto the steel cage and cured to the design strength to form the support platform. This support platform is located on the right side of the channel connecting to the tunnel entrance. The top surface of the support platform is flat, and its elevation is lower than the bottom elevation of the channel wall connecting to the tunnel entrance.

[0009] S2: The tunnel is excavated. During the excavation process, the support platform serves as the construction platform at the tunnel entrance. The support platform forms a planar construction platform at the tunnel entrance, expanding the working area at the tunnel entrance and improving the efficiency of tunnel operations.

[0010] S3: After the tunnel excavation is completed, a channel connecting to the tunnel entrance is constructed. Left wall connecting reinforcement, right wall connecting reinforcement, and bottom wall connecting reinforcement are installed at the tunnel entrance. The right wall connecting reinforcement does not exceed the slotted position of the right wall of the channel, while the left wall connecting reinforcement and bottom wall connecting reinforcement extend beyond the slotted position of the right wall of the channel. Right wall reinforcement is installed on the side of the right wall slot away from the mountain. This right wall reinforcement is connected to the left wall connecting reinforcement and bottom wall connecting reinforcement, ensuring that the right wall connecting reinforcement is installed on the side of the right wall slot closer to the mountain and on the side of the right wall slot away from the mountain. Formwork is erected and concrete is poured. Formwork is installed at the slotted position of the right wall to form the left wall, bottom wall, right wall, and right wall slot of the channel. The concrete is then cured to the design strength.

[0011] S4: A chute is provided on the bottom wall of the channel. The chute passes through the slot on the right side wall of the channel and extends to the support platform. The chute is located on the upper part of the support platform. Several support columns are provided between the chute and the support platform. A sliding surface is provided on the slot on the right side wall of the channel. The chute and the sliding surface on the slot are adapted to the size of the flat gate.

[0012] S5: A base is set on the support platform. The base is a reinforced concrete structure. A hoist is set on the base, and a flat gate is installed. The hoist is connected to the flat gate, and the bottom left side of the flat gate is located in the slot, so that the bottom left side of the flat gate and the inner side of the right side wall of the channel are on the same plane.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the specific method for setting the base on the support platform is as follows: drilling holes on the support platform and inserting base steel bars, grouting the drilled holes after inserting the base steel bars, binding the base steel bar cage to the base steel bars, erecting formwork and pouring concrete, curing to the design strength, and forming a reinforced concrete base.

[0014] Preferably, the base has a trapezoidal cross-section, and the area of ​​the upper surface of the base is smaller than the area of ​​the lower surface of the base.

[0015] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0016] For tunnel construction in mountainous areas, connections to waterways are necessary. Due to the lack of sufficient working space in mountainous areas, construction efficiency is low. Furthermore, if tunnel blockage or changes in water conditions occur in mountainous tunnels, special handling measures must be implemented in a timely manner, such as shutting off the water supply. To address this, this invention proposes an optimized tunnel construction method that fully utilizes the characteristics of mountain structure and tunnel construction to design construction methods and achieve optimized tunnel construction.

[0017] By utilizing the mountain structure to set up anchor bolts, and then setting up a support platform, the working face of tunnel construction is expanded. This support platform is a non-temporary structure, which can be used to install hoists and flat gates after construction is completed. It also serves as a load-bearing support for the hoist and a chute support for the flat gate, thus overcoming the technical problem of the difficulty in fixing the flat gate.

[0018] For mountain channels, installing gate structures presents challenges due to the complex mountain terrain, making conventional gate beams and hoist support conditions impossible. This invention proposes a method using a support platform to install hoist and chute support structures. A hoist base is installed on the support platform, and the hoist is then fixed in place. As a matching construction method, a slot is created on the right side wall of the channel. Since this section of the channel structure bears the force of the gate, structural strength needs to be reinforced. This invention proposes installing left side wall connecting reinforcement, right side wall connecting reinforcement, and bottom wall connecting reinforcement at the tunnel entrance, while simultaneously ensuring the right side wall of the channel on both sides of the right side wall slot. All sections are reinforced with steel bars to improve the overall structure of the channel. For the movement of the flat gate, a sliding groove is set on the bottom wall of the channel, and the flat gate passes through a slot on the right side wall of the channel. A sliding plate is set on the slot on the right side wall, and a water-stopping structure is also set to prevent water loss. During normal operation, the bottom left side of the flat gate is on the same plane as the inner side of the right side wall of the channel. Water is stopped by the water-stopping structure to ensure normal water intake between the channel and the tunnel. When it is necessary to change the water intake conditions or even close the tunnel water intake, the flat gate can be closed by the hoist to prevent water from entering the tunnel and ensure the safety of the tunnel.

[0019] To improve the load-bearing capacity of the channel connecting to the tunnel entrance, a corresponding support structure can be installed below the bottom wall of the channel. The mountain and the support structure can be used to meet the overall load-bearing requirements. Since the flat gate only regulates the water volume and its size is small, the reinforced concrete structure of the channel body can meet the requirements. If it is necessary to add a support structure, a special mechanical calculation and analysis can be performed to carry out a reasonable load-bearing design.

[0020] Flat gates are designed to connect mountain channels and tunnels. They slide through a chute and a sliding plate at a slot on the right side wall of the channel. All forces are applied to the bottom of the channel. Therefore, a support platform is installed to improve the support capacity of the flat gate. The support columns enhance the support capacity. At the same time, the strength of the support platform meets the requirements of tunnel excavation, providing a working platform and expanding the working face. The construction of the support platform improves construction efficiency. Furthermore, the support platform forms a working support for the flat gate, enhancing the controllability of the channel and tunnel.

[0021] The advantages of this invention are:

[0022] This invention provides an optimized tunnel structure and its construction method. The tunnel is located in a mountain and its entrance is connected to a channel. Before tunnel excavation, a support platform is set up at the tunnel entrance, and construction work is carried out at the tunnel entrance using the support platform to expand the working area. After tunnel construction is completed, a base and a gate hoist are set up using the support platform, and a flat gate is set up at the corresponding channel location. By setting up the flat gate and using the support platform to set up the gate hoist, the water volume of the tunnel can be allocated and managed under special working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the canal and the tunnel entrance;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the setup of the flat gate and its support platform;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the construction method of the present invention.

[0026] Detailed Description of Embodiments: The following description, based on the accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation of the scope of this invention.

[0027] This invention provides an optimized tunnel structure located within a mountain. The tunnel's inlet connects to a channel, which includes a left side wall 1, a right side wall 2, and a bottom wall 3. The channel and the tunnel together form a water diversion structure for guiding water flow. The structure is characterized by: a support platform 4 at the tunnel inlet, the top surface of which is flat and its elevation is lower than the bottom elevation of the channel's bottom wall 3; a base 5 on the support platform 4; a gate hoist 6 on the base 5; a flat gate 7 connected to the gate hoist 6; a slot 8 matching the flat gate 7 on the right side wall 2 of the channel; and a sliding groove 9 matching the flat gate 7 on the bottom wall 3 of the channel. The sliding groove 9 extends to the support platform 4 and is connected to it via a support column 10.

[0028] Preferably, the bottom elevation of the bottom wall 3 of the channel connected to the tunnel inlet is the elevation of the lower surface of the bottom wall 3 of the channel connected to the tunnel inlet.

[0029] Preferably, a water-stopping structure is provided between the groove on the right side wall 2 of the channel and the flat gate 7.

[0030] The present invention also provides a construction method for the aforementioned optimized tunnel structure, characterized in that the optimized construction method includes the following steps:

[0031] S1: Before the tunnel excavation, multiple anchor bolts are installed along the mountainside at the tunnel entrance on the right side of the tunnel. One end of each anchor bolt extends into the mountainside, and the other end extends out of the mountainside. A temporary working platform is erected using the mountainside as a support. On the temporary working platform, steel bars are tied to the anchor bolts extending out of the mountainside to form a steel cage for the support platform 4. A formwork is erected, and concrete is poured on the steel cage for the support platform 4 and cured to the design strength to form the support platform 4. The support platform 4 is located on the right side of the channel connected to the tunnel entrance. The top surface of the support platform 4 is flat, and the elevation of the top surface of the support platform 4 is lower than the bottom elevation of the bottom wall 3 of the channel connected to the tunnel entrance.

[0032] S2: The tunnel is excavated. During the excavation, the support platform 4 serves as the construction platform at the entrance of the tunnel. The support platform 4 forms a flat construction platform at the tunnel entrance, expanding the working surface at the tunnel entrance and improving the efficiency of tunnel operations.

[0033] S3: After the tunnel excavation is completed, a channel connecting to the tunnel entrance is set up. Reinforcing bars for the left side wall 1, right side wall 2, and bottom wall 3 are respectively installed at the tunnel entrance. The reinforcing bars for the right side wall 2 do not exceed the position of the slot 8 in the right side wall 2 of the channel. The reinforcing bars for the left side wall 1 and bottom wall 3 extend beyond the position of the slot 8 in the right side wall 2 of the channel. Reinforcing bars for the right side wall 2 are installed on the side of the slot 8 in the right side wall 2 away from the mountain. These reinforcing bars are connected to the reinforcing bars for the left side wall 1 and bottom wall 3, satisfying the requirement that the reinforcing bars for the right side wall 2 are installed on the side of the slot 8 in the right side wall 2 closer to the mountain and on the side of the slot 8 in the right side wall 2 away from the mountain. Formwork is erected and concrete is poured. Formwork is set up at the position of the slot 8 in the right side wall 2 of the channel, thereby pouring concrete to form the left side wall 1, bottom wall 3, right side wall 2, and right side wall 2 slot 8 of the channel. The concrete is then cured to the design strength.

[0034] S4: A chute 9 is provided on the bottom wall 3 of the channel. The chute 9 passes through the slot 8 of the right side wall 2 of the channel and extends to the support platform 4. The chute 9 is located on the upper part of the support platform 4. Several support columns 10 are provided between the chute 9 and the support platform 4. A sliding surface is provided on the slot 8 of the right side wall 2 of the channel. The sliding surface on the chute 9 and the slot 8 are adapted to the size of the flat gate 7.

[0035] S5: A base 5 is set on the support platform 4. The base 5 is a reinforced concrete structure. A hoist 6 is set on the base 5, and a flat gate 7 is installed. The hoist 6 is connected to the flat gate 7, and the bottom left side of the flat gate 7 is located in the slot 8, so that the bottom left side of the flat gate 7 is on the same plane as the inner side of the right side wall 2 of the channel.

[0036] In this technology, the left side wall 1, the right side wall 2, and the left and right sides involved in the channel are all determined along the tunnel inlet towards the outlet direction.

[0037] The slot 8 on the right side wall 2 of the channel is set along the entire height of the right side wall 2. Since the slot 8 cuts off the reinforcing steel of the right side wall 2, the right side wall 2 connecting reinforcing steel is set on the side of the slot 8 closer to the mountain and the right side wall 2 reinforcing steel is set on the side of the slot 8 away from the mountain. The right side wall 2 reinforcing steel is connected to the left side wall 1 connecting reinforcing steel and the bottom wall 3 connecting reinforcing steel, thereby forming a strong reinforcing cage structure, improving the overall stress performance of the channel connected to the tunnel entrance. The left side wall 1 connecting reinforcing steel, the right side wall 2 connecting reinforcing steel and the bottom wall 3 connecting reinforcing steel are all connected to the structure at the tunnel entrance. They can be set by pre-installation or drilling and grouting to improve the overall performance of the structure. This structure is a weak stress area. By setting the reinforcing steel in this way, the safety performance of the structure can be improved.

[0038] Preferably, the specific method for setting the base 5 on the support platform 4 is as follows: drill holes in the support platform 4 and insert base steel bars. After inserting the base steel bars, grout the drilled holes, tie the base steel bar cage to the base steel bars, erect formwork, pour concrete, and cure to the design strength to form the reinforced concrete base 5. When the tunnel construction does not require high flatness of the working surface of the support platform 4, the base steel bars can also be reserved before the support platform 4 is poured. The base steel bars extend out of the top surface of the support platform 4. After the tunnel excavation is completed, the reserved base steel bars are used to tie the steel bars to form the base steel bar cage, and then formwork is erected and concrete is poured to improve the connection strength between the base 5 and the support platform 4.

[0039] Preferably, the base 5 has a trapezoidal cross-section, the upper surface area of ​​the base 5 is smaller than the lower surface area of ​​the base 5, the gate hoist 6 is fixed on the base 5, and the base 5 is fixedly connected to the support platform 4 to improve the working force performance of the gate hoist 6.

[0040] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should not be considered as limited to the specific forms described in the embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention also includes equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for an optimized tunnel structure, wherein the tunnel is located within a mountain, and the tunnel entrance is connected to a channel, the channel comprising a left side wall, a right side wall, and a bottom wall, the channel and the tunnel constituting a water diversion structure for guiding water flow, characterized in that: A support platform is installed at the entrance of the tunnel. The top surface of the support platform is flat, and its elevation is lower than the bottom elevation of the channel wall connected to the tunnel entrance. The bottom elevation of the channel wall connected to the tunnel entrance is the elevation of its lower surface. A base is installed on the support platform, and a hoist is installed on the base. The hoist is connected to a flat gate. A slot matching the flat gate is provided on the right side wall of the channel, and a sliding groove matching the flat gate is provided on the bottom wall of the channel. The sliding groove extends to the support platform and is connected to the support platform via a support column. The construction method includes the following steps: S1: Before tunnel excavation, multiple anchor bolts are installed along the mountainside at the tunnel entrance, located on the right side of the tunnel. One end of each anchor bolt extends into the mountainside, while the other end extends out. A temporary working platform is erected using the mountainside as a support. On this platform, steel bars are tied to the anchor bolts extending out of the mountainside to form a steel cage for the support platform. A formwork is then erected, and concrete is poured onto the steel cage and cured to the design strength to form the support platform. This support platform is located on the right side of the channel connecting to the tunnel entrance. The top surface of the support platform is flat, and its elevation is lower than the bottom elevation of the channel wall connecting to the tunnel entrance. S2: The tunnel is excavated. During the excavation process, the support platform serves as the construction platform at the tunnel entrance. The support platform forms a planar construction platform at the tunnel entrance, expanding the working area at the tunnel entrance and improving the efficiency of tunnel operations. S3: After the tunnel excavation is completed, a channel connecting to the tunnel entrance is constructed. Left wall connecting reinforcement, right wall connecting reinforcement, and bottom wall connecting reinforcement are installed at the tunnel entrance. The right wall connecting reinforcement does not exceed the slotted position of the right wall of the channel. The left wall connecting reinforcement and bottom wall connecting reinforcement extend beyond the slotted position of the right wall of the channel. Right wall reinforcement is installed on the side of the right wall slot away from the mountain. This right wall reinforcement is connected to the left wall connecting reinforcement and bottom wall connecting reinforcement. Right wall connecting reinforcement is installed on the side of the right wall slot closer to the mountain, and on the side of the right wall slot away from the mountain. Formwork is erected and concrete is poured. Formwork is installed at the slotted position of the right wall of the channel to pour concrete, forming the left wall, bottom wall, right wall, and right wall slot of the channel. The concrete is then cured to the design strength. S4: A chute is provided on the bottom wall of the channel. The chute passes through the slot on the right side wall of the channel and extends to the support platform. The chute is located on the upper part of the support platform. Several support columns are provided between the chute and the support platform. A sliding surface is provided on the slot on the right side wall of the channel. The chute and the sliding surface on the slot are adapted to the size of the flat gate. S5: A base is set on the support platform. The base is a reinforced concrete structure. A hoist is set on the base, and a flat gate is installed. The hoist is connected to the flat gate, and the bottom left side of the flat gate is located in the slot, so that the bottom left side of the flat gate and the inner side of the right side wall of the channel are on the same plane.

2. The construction method for the optimized tunnel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A water-stopping structure is provided between the chute on the right side wall of the channel and the flat gate.

3. The construction method for the optimized tunnel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method for setting the base on the support platform is as follows: drill holes on the support platform and insert base steel bars. After inserting the base steel bars, grout the drilled holes, tie the base steel bar cage to the base steel bars, erect the formwork, pour concrete, and cure to the design strength to form a reinforced concrete base.

4. The construction method for the optimized tunnel structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The base has a trapezoidal cross-section, and the area of ​​the upper surface of the base is smaller than the area of ​​the lower surface of the base.

Images