A method for advanced replacement of coal pillars in tunnels by continuous excavation and filling

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for the advanced replacement of coal pillars between tunnels by continuous excavation and filling, which belongs to the technical field of coal mine excavation and filling. The present invention is based on a complete set of excavation, support and transportation equipment and a complete set of filling equipment to form an integrated process and system for excavation and filling with the ability of advanced excavation between stages, skipping mining within stages and timely filling. Through the process of the present invention, on the one hand, advanced replacement can be achieved, that is, the coal pillars between tunnels are recovered and filled before the comprehensive mining face is mined, ensuring the safety and efficiency of future mining work. On the other hand, during the process of advanced excavation and recovery of coal pillars within a stage, the adjacent drift is retained after the excavation and support tasks, that is, one is excavated and one is left, which reduces the preparation work such as tunnel opening, equipment moving, belt laying, etc. required when the adjacent drift is excavated separately, thereby improving the excavation efficiency and equipment utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine excavation and filling, and particularly relates to a method for advancing continuous excavation and filling of coal pillars in a roadway. Background Art

[0002] The length of a fully mechanized mining face in an underground coal mine typically ranges from 150m to 450m. To ensure normal mining between adjacent working faces on both sides, a 20m to 40m wide coal pillar must be left. After the working face is mined, this coal pillar remains permanently underground, resulting in a significant waste of resources. The main reasons for the difficulty in recovering the coal pillars are: First, current mechanized mining techniques and equipment are unable to recover the coal pillars; second, tunneling equipment is constrained by the tunneling process, tunnel system layout, and production efficiency, safety, filling efficiency, and cost, making conventional recovery methods uneconomical and unreasonable. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the above problems, the present invention discloses a method for advanced replacement of coal pillars between tunnels by continuous excavation and filling. Based on a complete set of excavation, support and transportation equipment and a complete set of filling equipment, a process and system for advanced excavation between stages, skipping mining within stages and timely filling are formed. This is one of the more practical technical methods currently available.

[0004] The method of the present invention is applicable to coal seam roofs and floors with moderate or higher stability and low or high gas levels. It solves the technical challenges of recovering inter-lane coal pillars, excavating adjacent lanes, and filling inter-lane coal pillars during tunneling. It also coordinates tunneling, recovery, and filling through spatial and temporal process optimization.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for advanced replacement of coal pillars in a roadway by continuous excavation and filling, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The first step is group planning:

[0008] (1) Divide the transport chute of the next working face into several stages, named as I, II, III, etc.;

[0009] (2) Each stage is divided into A~J, with a total of 10 groups;

[0010] (3) Each group includes 5 unit coal pillars and 1 return air chute section;

[0011] The second step is to complete the recovery of the unit coal pillar and the excavation of the return air channel in sequence, and at the same time complete the filling of the unit coal pillar.

[0012] (1) For tunnel excavation and coal pillar recovery, one or more of the following equipment can be selected: roadheaders, anchor miners, continuous miners, and anchor miners. After the main equipment is determined, supporting transportation and support equipment should be provided according to the actual situation. Here, a complete set of continuous miner equipment is used as an example, but it is not limited to continuous mining complete sets of equipment.

[0013] (2) After the continuous miner excavates the transport trench in stage I, the excavation equipment returns to the starting point of the stage;

[0014] (3) After the continuous miner is withdrawn, it begins to turn and smooth the corners, excavating the unit coal pillar 1 of group A and the return air chute section of group A. The shuttle car travels back and forth between the continuous miner and the crawler-type transfer crusher. The traveling hydraulic support is placed in the chute near the turning and smoothing part. The anchor drilling vehicle completes the roof and coal side support of the return air chute section. After completing the excavation of the unit coal pillar 1 of group A and the return air chute section of group A, it continues to excavate the unit coal pillar 1 of group B and the return air chute section of group B. The above process sequence is repeated until the recovery of the unit coal pillar 1 of groups A to J and the excavation of the return air chute are completed;

[0015] (4) After the excavation of the unit coal pillar 1 of group A and the return air chute section of group A is completed, the mining equipment continues to excavate the unit coal pillar 1 of group B and the return air chute section of group B. At the same time, the two sides of the unit coal pillar 1 are sealed with filling templates in the return air chute and the lower working face transport chute. The two filling templates are tightened and reinforced with tension anchor cables. The space is sealed by spraying materials or sealing materials. Then the filling pipeline is extended to complete the filling work. The mining equipment continues to excavate the unit coal pillar 1 of group C and the return air chute section of group C. At the same time, the filling work of the unit coal pillar 1 of group B is completed. The above process is repeated until the filling work of the unit coal pillar 1 of groups A to J is completed.

[0016] The third step is to complete the excavation of the phase I, the five rounds of coal pillar recovery and filling, and then continue to advance to phase II, repeating (2) to (4) in the second step, and carry out the cycle until the excavation of the two phases is completed, and the coal pillars between the working faces are recovered and filled.

[0017] Furthermore, the length of each stage of the working face transport chute in the first step is 200~400m.

[0018] Furthermore, in the second step, the recovery of the unit coal pillar 1 of the A~J group and the excavation of the return air chute adopt the skip mining technology, and the skip mining order is unit coal pillar 1 and return air chute of the A~J group → unit coal pillar 3 of the A~J group → unit coal pillar 5 of the A~J group → unit coal pillar 2 of the A~J group → unit coal pillar 4 of the A~J group.

[0019] The present invention coordinates the three processes of tunneling, coal pillar recovery and filling in time and space through progressive tunneling between stages and skip mining and filling within stages, and finally forms two drifts and a filling body in the middle.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. Achieve efficient tunneling and recover coal pillars left between working faces.

[0022] First, rapid excavation of the chute on both sides of the coal pillar was achieved, and the middle coal pillar was safely and efficiently recovered before the mining of the comprehensive mining faces on both sides, greatly improving the resource recovery rate; secondly, the mining process was rationally planned, through forward mining within stages and group skipping mining within stages, making it simple and efficient in time and space, and highly operational.

[0023] 2. Coordinate the relationship between procurement and charging to expand the scope of application of continuous procurement and charging.

[0024] Fully coordinate the mining and filling relationship: On the one hand, the mining and filling process is explained in detail, that is, when the tunneling equipment is excavating the next group of unit coal pillars, the filling work is carried out in parallel to complete the filling of the previous group of recovered unit coal pillars. Due to the group skipping mining, sufficient solidification time is reserved for the unit coal pillar filling body; on the other hand, based on the existing mining and filling equipment and technical level, through the reasonable combination of technology in time, space, and tunnel system, mining and filling are integrated, which solves the problem that the filling efficiency restricts the mining efficiency in the existing technology, and through secondary pressurized filling, the tension anchor cables are increased and the strength of the filling body is improved, which provides support and safety guarantee for technical decision-making in order to improve the recovery rate of coal resources.

[0025] 3. Forward displacement can first explore the geological conditions and achieve a balance between mining and filling.

[0026] By first excavating a certain distance in one drift to explore the geological conditions, the excavation slope of the other drift can be adjusted in advance to facilitate future coal conveying by belt conveyors or rubber-wheeled vehicles for assisted transportation; the support parameters can be adjusted in advance to improve the quality of tunnel formation and support safety; in addition, preparations can be made in advance to reduce the impact of geological structure on mining and filling work.

[0027] During the phased process of mining and filling, effective connection between mining and filling is achieved, ensuring a balanced approach between tunneling and filling, and resolving the issue of time and space interference between mining and filling. The phases are linked in an orderly manner, allowing ample time for the filling equipment to complete the remaining filling work in the previous phase and for the filling material to solidify while the tunneling equipment completes the next phase of tunneling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 The invention provides an integrated process and system for advancing tunneling and filling of coal pillars between lanes;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of working face stage and group planning;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated excavation and filling working face;

[0031] Among them: 1- mining area transport tunnel; 2- mining area return air tunnel; 3- transport chute; 4- return air chute; 5- transport chute for the next working face; 6- mining working face; 7- goaf; 8- coal; 9- stage filling body; 10- continuous coal mining machine; 11- shuttle car; 12- walking hydraulic support; 13- crawler transfer crusher; 14- transport belt; 15- air duct; 16- filling formwork; 17- tension anchor cable; 18- filling pipeline; 19- first round filling body; 20- second round filling body; 21- third round filling body; 22- fourth round filling body; 23- fifth round filling body.

[0032] A...H, I, J: group numbers within the stage; A1-1: unit coal pillar 1 of group A; A1-2: return air chute section of group A; A2: unit coal pillar 2 of group A; A3: unit coal pillar 3 of group A; A4: unit coal pillar 4 of group A; A5: unit coal pillar 5 of group A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for the advanced replacement of coal pillars between tunnels by continuous excavation and filling. The invention solves the technical problem of recovering coal pillars between tunnels and filling goafs during tunnel excavation, and coordinates the relationship between excavation, recovery and filling through spatial and temporal process optimization.

[0035] Tunnel excavation and coal pillar recovery can use one or more equipment such as roadheaders, anchor miners, continuous miners, and integrated miners. After the main equipment is determined, matching transportation and support equipment will be provided based on actual conditions. Here, a complete set of continuous miner equipment is used as an example, but it is not limited to continuous mining equipment.

[0036] 1. Stage division and transport trench excavation

[0037] ① To ensure the mining efficiency of the continuous miner 10 and the transportation efficiency of the shuttle car 11, as well as the coordination of mining and filling, the next working face transport drift 5 is divided into several stages, named I, II, III, etc., each stage is 200~400m, and 300m is used as an example here.

[0038] ② First, complete the excavation of a single 300-meter-long transport drift within Phase I. The continuous miner 10 completes the coal cutting and loading process, the anchor drill completes the support process, and the shuttle car 11 shuttles back and forth between the continuous miner 10 and the crawler-type transfer crusher 13 to complete the coal transfer and transportation process. The crawler-type transfer crusher 13 completes the coal loading process, and the conveyor belt 14 completes the coal transportation process.

[0039] ③ After the excavation of the transport drift stage is completed, a connecting tunnel will be excavated between stages I and II to assist in transportation, provide a safe passage, and regulate ventilation.

[0040] 2. Group planning

[0041] ① Each stage is divided into A~J, with a total of 10 groups, each group is 30m long.

[0042] ② Each group includes 5 unit coal pillars and 1 return air chute section. Taking group A as an example, it is divided into group A unit coal pillar 1A1-1, group A return air chute section A1-2, group A unit coal pillar 2 A2, group A unit coal pillar 3 A3, group A unit coal pillar 4 A4, and group A unit coal pillar 5 A5.

[0043] ③ To facilitate the excavation of the continuous miner 10 and the installation of the filling template 16, the width of each unit coal pillar is 6~9m, and 6m is used as an example for explanation here.

[0044] 3. Complete the recovery of unit coal pillars and excavation of return air trenches in sequence, and complete the filling of unit coal pillars at the same time

[0045] ① After the continuous miner 10 excavates the transport trench in stage I, the excavation equipment returns to the starting point of the stage.

[0046] ② After the continuous miner retreats, it begins turning and smoothing the corners, excavating Group A unit coal pillar 1 A1-1 and Group A return air chute section A1-2. The shuttle car 11 shuttles back and forth between the continuous miner 10 and the crawler-type transfer crusher 13. The traveling hydraulic support 12 is placed in the chute near the turning and smoothing point. The anchor drill completes the roof and coal side support of Group A return air chute section A1-2. After completing the excavation of Group A unit coal pillar 1 A1-1 and Group A return air chute section A1-2, the excavation of Group B unit coal pillar 1 B1-1 and Group B return air chute section B1-2 continues. This process sequence is repeated until the recovery of Groups A through J unit coal pillars 1-1 and the excavation of return air chute 1-2 are completed.

[0047] ③ After completing the excavation of Group A unit coal pillar 1A1-1 and Group A return air chute section A1-2, the mining equipment continues to excavate Group B unit coal pillar 1B1-1 and Group B return air chute section B1-2. At the same time, the two sides of Group A unit coal pillar 1A1-1 are sealed with filling templates 16 in the return air chute 4 and the next working face transport chute 5. The two filling templates 16 are tightened and reinforced with tension anchor cables 17. The space is sealed by spraying or sealing materials. The filling pipeline 18 is then extended to complete the filling work. The mining equipment continues to excavate Group C unit coal pillar 1 C1-1 and Group C return air chute section C1-2 while completing the filling work of B1-1. The above process is repeated until the filling work of Groups A to J unit coal pillars 1-1 is completed.

[0048] ④ In order to ensure the safety of mining operations and sufficient solidification time of the filling materials, the skip mining process is adopted. The skip mining order is unit coal pillar 1-1 and return air chute 1-2 of groups A~J → unit coal pillar No. 3 of groups A~J → unit coal pillar No. 5 of groups A~J → unit coal pillar No. 2 of groups A~J → unit coal pillar No. 4 of groups A~J.

[0049] ⑤ In order to coordinate the mining and filling relationship, the excavation and filling process is adopted, that is, when the next group of unit coal pillars in the same stage are recovered, the unit coal pillars of the previous group that have just been recovered are filled. After the filling body reaches final setting, it is left to stand for a period of time, and then secondary pressurized filling is carried out to complete the top connection and ensure subsequent mining work.

[0050] 4. Repeat the above steps to complete the excavation of two trenches and the recovery and filling of the middle coal pillar.

[0051] After completing Phase I of tunnel excavation and five rounds of coal pillar recovery and filling, continue to advance to Phase II, repeating steps ① to ⑤ in step 3, and proceed in a cycle until the excavation of two tunnels is completed and the coal pillars between the working faces are recovered and filled.

Claims

1. A method for advanced replacement of coal pillars in a roadway by continuous excavation and filling, characterized by: The steps include: The first step is group planning: (1) Divide the transport chute of the next working face into several stages, named as I, II, III, etc.; (2) Each stage is divided into A~J, with a total of 10 groups; (3) Each group includes 5 unit coal pillars and 1 return air chute section; The second step is to complete the recovery of the unit coal pillar and the excavation of the return air trench in sequence, and at the same time complete the filling of the unit coal pillar: (1) One or more types of equipment, such as roadheaders, anchor miners, continuous miners, and anchor miners, are used for tunnel excavation and coal pillar recovery; After one or more types of equipment such as roadheaders, anchor miners, continuous miners, and integrated anchor miners are determined, transportation and support equipment shall be provided according to actual conditions; (2) After the continuous miner excavates the transport trench in stage I, the excavation equipment returns to the starting point of the stage; (3) After the continuous miner is withdrawn, it starts to turn and smooth the corners, and excavates the unit coal pillar 1 of group A and the return air chute section of group A. The shuttle car travels back and forth between the continuous miner and the crawler transfer crusher. The traveling hydraulic support is placed in the chute near the turning and smoothing point. The anchor drill completes the roof and coal side support of the return air chute section. After the excavation of the unit coal pillar 1 of group A and the return air chute section of group A is completed, the above process sequence is repeated: After the continuous miner is withdrawn, it starts to turn and smooth the corners, and excavates the unit coal pillar 1 of group B and the return air chute section of group B. The shuttle car travels back and forth between the continuous miner and the crawler transfer crusher. The traveling hydraulic support is placed in the chute near the turning and smoothing point. The anchor drill completes the roof and coal side support of the return air chute section. After the excavation of the unit coal pillar 1 of group B and the return air chute section of group B, the above process sequence is repeated: After the continuous miner is withdrawn, it starts to turn and smooth the corners, and excavates the unit coal pillar 1 of group B and the return air chute section of group B. , excavation of the return air chute section of group C, until the recovery of unit coal pillar 1 of groups A to J and excavation of the return air chute are completed; (4) After the excavation of the unit coal pillar 1 of group A and the return air chute section of group A is completed, the mining equipment continues to excavate the unit coal pillar 1 of group B and the return air chute section of group B. At the same time, the two sides of the unit coal pillar 1 of group A are sealed with filling templates in the return air chute and the lower working face transport chute, the two filling templates are tightened and reinforced with tension anchor cables, the space is sealed by spraying materials or plugging materials, and then the filling pipeline is extended to complete the filling work. At the same time, the mining equipment continues to excavate the unit coal pillar 1 of group C and the return air chute section of group C, and repeats the above process: the two sides of the unit coal pillar 1 of group B are sealed with filling templates in the return air chute and the lower working face transport chute, the two filling templates are tightened and reinforced with tension anchor cables, the space is sealed by spraying materials or plugging materials, and then the filling pipeline is extended to complete the filling work, until the filling work of the unit coal pillar 1 of groups A to J is completed; The third step is to complete the excavation of the phase I tunnel, five rounds of coal pillar recovery and filling, and then continue to advance to phase II, repeating (2) to (4) in the second step, and repeating the cycle until the excavation of the transport tunnel of the next working face is completed. After the excavation of the wind tunnel of the previous working face is completed, the coal pillars between the working faces are retained and mined and filled.

2. The method for advancing continuous excavation and filling of coal pillars in a roadway according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the first step, the length of each stage of the working face transport chute is 200-400m.

3. The method for advancing continuous excavation and filling of coal pillars in a roadway according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the second step, the unit coal pillars are recovered and the return air chute is excavated using the skip mining technology. The skip mining order is unit coal pillar 1 and return air chute of groups A~J → unit coal pillar 3 of groups A~J → unit coal pillar 5 of groups A~J → unit coal pillar 2 of groups A~J → unit coal pillar 4 of groups A~J.

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