Multi-functional device for intensive shrimp farming, intensive shrimp farming pond using the device and method for operating the pond

Abstract

Provided are a multifunctional apparatus for intensive shrimp farming, an intensive shrimp pond using the apparatus, and a method for operating the pond. The multifunctional apparatus of the present invention includes a water flow generator, a feeder unit, a gas dissolving unit, a sensor, and a controller for operating the entire apparatus. The intensive shrimp pond of the present invention contains at least one multifunctional apparatus and has a reasonable operating method that uses algae and microorganisms to keep the DO concentration in the pond always high and to stabilize the pH value in the pond at an optimal threshold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a multifunctional device for intensive shrimp farming, an intensive shrimp farming pond using the device, and a method for operating the pond. The pond of this invention can generally be used for shrimp farming, but is most suitable for white-legged shrimp farming. The pond of this invention is a professional automated intensive shrimp farming system that helps achieve high productivity and high yield. Background Technology

[0002] Due to climate change, the Mekong Delta is increasingly affected by saltwater intrusion. To adapt to this situation, brackish water should be considered a new resource. Using this new resource for shrimp farming is a possible option.

[0003] On January 18, 2018, Decision No. 79 / QD-TTg was issued, aiming to export US$8.4 billion worth of brackish water shrimp by 2025, with 80% of the revenue coming from the Mekong Delta. However, the Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers (VASEP) predicts that with current shrimp farming technology, the shrimp farming output value may only reach US$5.6 billion by 2025.

[0004] Current shrimp farming techniques have inherent drawbacks related to dissolved oxygen levels in shrimp ponds. Five main factors influence shrimp pond conditions: sunlight, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, pH, algae density, and microbial density. Among these, the amount of dissolved oxygen is crucial and necessary for the efficient use of feed in intensive shrimp farming. Most of the dissolved oxygen in the water is used by aerobic microorganisms in the shrimp pond to decompose proteins from shrimp feces, uneaten food, and organic compounds released during shrimp farming. Dissolved oxygen provides essential oxygen for aquatic animals, which benefits the growth and proliferation of aerobic microorganisms, promotes the decomposition of organic matter, reduces toxic substances, inhibits the activity of harmful anaerobic microorganisms, and enhances shrimp immunity. Low dissolved oxygen negatively impacts shrimp's ability to capture prey and digest food. One method to help increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in shrimp ponds is to use mechanical systems to generate oxygen for the ponds.

[0005] Mechanical oxygenation systems commonly used in Vietnam and other countries include blowers located at the bottom of the pool and ceramic or plastic air diffusers (see [link]). Figure 1 ), and paddlewheel equipment floating on the water (see Figure 2 The paddlewheel system is used to mix air containing approximately 20.5% oxygen into the water. It is also used to centrifuge dead shrimp, shrimp shells, shrimp feces, and organic compounds into a siphon system, which then periodically removes them from the pond.

[0006] During operation, a blower draws in air and blows it out through a diffuser to form bubbles that rise to the water surface. A rotating impeller on the water surface breaks the water into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area of ​​contact between the air and water, thus increasing dissolved oxygen levels in the water.

[0007] The rate at which oxygen dissolves from the air into water is described by the following gas transformation equation:

[0008] dC / dt = K l (A / V) (C) s – C m )

[0009] Where: dC / dt is the rate at which oxygen in the air dissolves in water;

[0010] K1 is the water surface renewal constant that depends on the turbulence rate of the water;

[0011] A is the contact surface area between the water and air in the shrimp pond;

[0012] V is the water volume in the shrimp pond;

[0013] C s It depends on the water's temperature and salinity conditions, specifically the saturated oxygen concentration in the Mekong Delta. s The value is approximately 7.6 mg / L;

[0014] C m It is the oxygen concentration measured in the water.

[0015] In reality, the oxygen-generating system, consisting of a blower and a paddlewheel assembly, operates continuously for 24 hours a day to dissolve oxygen in the water. However, the dissolved oxygen concentration C in the water... m It will not exceed the saturated oxygen concentration C s Because when C m Equals C s At this point, dC / dt = 0. In other words, the rate at which oxygen dissolves from the air into the water is equal to the rate at which oxygen in the water evaporates into the air. However, current mechanical oxygenation systems are extremely energy-intensive. An average of 4500 kWh to 5500 kWh of electricity is needed to dissolve oxygen per ton of shrimp harvested. Furthermore, shrimp ponds using mechanical oxygenation systems also have disadvantages:

[0016] It causes serious noise pollution to people working and living near the shrimp farm;

[0017] Shrimp feces and uneaten food decompose into very fine particles dispersed in the water. Combined with the almost flat pond bottom and the presence of air diffusers, collecting these fine particles of organic waste and siphoning them out is extremely difficult.

[0018] This generates airborne particles carrying pathogens, which are then carried by the wind to nearby shrimp ponds.

[0019] Blow away the large amount of dissolved oxygen molecules in the water that algae synthesize during the day through photosynthesis (reaching the saturation dissolved oxygen concentration).

[0020] Many diffuser clusters have micropores and blown air placed at the bottom of the pool, which is an ideal medium for the rapid growth of Vibrio.

[0021] Therefore, brackish shrimp farming urgently needs a type of shrimp farming system that can easily collect water-insoluble organic waste and operate in the pond at a dissolved oxygen concentration higher than the saturated oxygen concentration (Cs) to effectively biodegrade organic waste in the water, thereby increasing the yield per cubic meter of water in intensive shrimp farming. 2 This reduces shrimp farming density and lowers electricity and water consumption.

[0022] In addition to dissolved oxygen (DO) in the pond, the pH level also needs to be considered. The pH value of the water in the shrimp pond needs to be maintained at a stable level to avoid fluctuations. Currently, this factor is difficult to control because traditional shrimp ponds cannot regularly manage pH levels; necessary measures are only taken when the pH value is too high or too low. Summary of the Invention

[0023] The first objective of this invention is to overcome limitations related to dissolved oxygen concentration in shrimp ponds. To achieve this objective, according to one aspect of the invention, a multifunctional device for intensive shrimp farming is provided, the device comprising:

[0024] A flow generator for producing a stratified flow of water with decreasing volumetric velocity from the bottom to the surface of the shrimp pond.

[0025] A feeder unit for providing food to shrimp;

[0026] A gas dissolution unit is used to dissolve oxygen molecules in the water of the shrimp pond.

[0027] According to some embodiments, the water flow generator includes a body, an impeller placed inside the body, and a motor that drives the impeller via a drive shaft to help agitate the water flow, wherein the body has a helical tubular structure.

[0028] According to some embodiments, the feeder unit includes a container, a lid located above the container, a sensor located inside the container (the sensor can sense the amount of food remaining in the container), a feed output terminal located below the container, and a feed metering motor configured to measure a precise amount of feed and deliver a precise amount of feed to the shrimp pond.

[0029] According to some embodiments, the gas dissolution unit includes: a porous ceramic tube having a hollow interior; an upper stop and a lower stop positioned at both ends of the porous ceramic tube; three bolts and three rivets for tightening the upper and lower stops and securing the porous ceramic tube; and an inlet disposed in the upper stop and connected to the hollow interior of the porous ceramic tube.

[0030] According to some embodiments, the multifunctional device also includes:

[0031] A sensor assembly that allows measurement of water quality parameters selected from the group consisting of dissolved oxygen concentration, pH value, salinity, water temperature, turbidity, sunlight, or combinations thereof;

[0032] A controller for operating a multifunctional device, which connects and communicates with other components via wired and / or wireless communication (such as Wifi, 3G, 4G, 5G or LoRa), wherein the controller is capable of receiving system data information from sensor components, then determining and adjusting appropriate parameters, and transmitting information to components so that the components can operate according to the defined parameters.

[0033] According to other aspects, the present invention provides a shrimp pond comprising:

[0034] A siphon system comprising a central hole located at the lowest point of the pond, preferably designed with a slope of 5% to 12% of the radius of the bottom surface of the pond; and a piping system connected to the central hole to draw out organic matter from the shrimp pond.

[0035] At least one multi-functional device as described above;

[0036] Floating roof system on the pool surface;

[0037] A lighting system that provides artificial light.

[0038] According to some embodiments, the shrimp pond also includes a seaweed culture cage system, wherein the seaweed culture cage has a rectangular prism frame made of PVC pipe, and the surrounding surface and bottom surface of the rectangular prism frame are covered with plastic mesh.

[0039] According to some embodiments, the floating roof system includes a floating roof and a submersible pump, wherein the floating roof has a rectangular frame made of PVC buoy tubes, and the middle surface of the frame is a waterproof cover made of HDPE, the waterproof cover having a thickness of at least 0.5 mm and a light transmittance of more than 40%; the submersible pump is placed in the middle of the cover.

[0040] According to some embodiments, the lighting system includes a plurality of LED lights, each LED light including a plurality of LED bulbs, of which one-third are blue LED bulbs and two-thirds are green LED bulbs, and the LED lighting system and sunlight provide at least 14 hours of illumination per day.

[0041] The shrimp ponds according to the present invention always have very high DO for the following reasons:

[0042] Although the gas dissolution unit has a simple structure, its ability to diffuse oxygen is effective because oxygen, which has a higher purity than oxygen in the air, is blown through a porous ceramic tube with numerous sponge-like pores. This unit is placed in a deeply buried water generator near the bottom of the pond. Given that oxygen has a density (dO2 = 1.43 g / L) greater than water (dH2O = 1.00 g / L), oxygen molecules disperse rapidly in the water and remain there for a longer period. The ratio of water flow rate (L / min) to oxygen flow rate (L / min) is preferably greater than 5,000 to improve the efficiency of molecular oxygen dissolution in the water. Furthermore, the gas dissolution unit and water generator are appropriately arranged to help circulate dissolved oxygen throughout the shrimp pond.

[0043] The use of algae helps increase the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the pond because algae produce large amounts of oxygen during photosynthesis in the daytime. Figure 13 The reaction diagram is shown in the image. Even without light, algae still utilize NH4+ during photoautotrophic processes. + and NO3 - This process decomposes organic waste, thereby increasing the biomass available to shrimp as a natural food source.

[0044] The floating roof system of the pool significantly reduces the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the air.

[0045] Another objective of this invention is to control the pH value of shrimp ponds through the operation of the ponds using biological principles. Therefore, this invention provides a method for adjusting the pH value of shrimp ponds by using algae, microorganisms, and CaO or other alkaline substances, wherein algae and / or alkaline reagents act as pH-raising agents, and microorganisms act as pH-lowering agents, specifically:

[0046] When the pH value of the pool is lower than the optimal value, algae and / or alkaline reagents (alkali or alkaline oxides) are added, preferably from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Na2O, K2O and CaO or combinations thereof; and when the pH value of the pool is higher than the optimal value, microorganisms are added, wherein the optimal pH value is between 7.5 and 8.0.

[0047] Preferably, algae and microorganisms are added in the correct ratio, and CaO is added only at night or when sunlight intensity is low.

[0048] According to one embodiment:

[0049] When the pH value < 7.5, add CaO and reduce the amount of microorganisms added;

[0050] When 7.5 < pH value < 8.0 (optimal), the amounts of algae and microorganisms are balanced and no additional factors are added;

[0051] When 8.0 < pH value < 8.5, reduce the amount of algae added; and

[0052] When the pH value > 8.5, stop adding algae to the pond until the pH value returns to the optimal value.

[0053] Generally, the shrimp pond according to the present invention is an ideal combination of components and systems. In addition, with reasonable operation, it contributes to synergistic benefits, making shrimp farming intensive and highly efficient. It is necessary to replicate and use the shrimp farming model of the shrimp pond according to the present invention to help improve the overall productivity of the shrimp farming industry. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0054] Figure 1 Shows a traditional shrimp pond without water injection and clearly shows the oxygen diffuser located at the bottom of the shrimp pond.

[0055] Figure 2 Shows a traditional shrimp pond with water and clearly shows the paddle wheel rotating.

[0056] Figure 3 Shows a shrimp pond according to the present invention, which is in the form of a steel frame pond lined with a waterproof cloth.

[0057] Figure 4 Shows a shrimp pond according to the present invention, which is in the form of a soil pond lined with a waterproof cloth.

[0058] Figure 5 A is Figure 3 a plan view of the shrimp pond in Figure 5 B is Figure 5 a C-C cross-sectional view of the shrimp pond in A, showing the siphon structure at the bottom of the pond.

[0059] Figure 6 Shows a multifunctional device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 7 Shows a multifunctional device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 8 Shows the structure of the gas dissolution unit of the multifunctional device.

[0062] Figure 9 A is Figure 8 A front view of the gas dissolution unit in the image; Figure 9 B is Figure 9 CC cross-sectional view of the gas dissolution unit in A.

[0063] Figure 10 A controller for a multifunctional device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0064] Figure 11 The structure of a seaweed culture cage is shown.

[0065] Figure 12 This is a perspective view of a shrimp pond according to an embodiment of the present invention, clearly showing the structure of the floating roof system, the lighting system, and the seaweed cultivation system.

[0066] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the decomposition of organic matter in a shrimp pond.

[0067] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing how the pH value changes with sunlight when using algae and CaO.

[0068] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram showing the parameters of shrimp cultured in the experimental pond from day 12 to day 26. Figure 15A The correlation between oxygen flow rate (provided by a multi-functional device), dissolved oxygen concentration in the shrimp pond, and sunlight is shown. Figure 15B The correlation between pH and sunlight is shown.

[0069] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram showing the parameters for shrimp culture from day 40 to day 70 in the shrimp pond. Figure 16A The correlation between dissolved oxygen concentration and sunlight in shrimp ponds was shown. Figure 16B The correlation between pH and sunlight is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The scope of protection of this invention will become clearer from the following detailed description. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples indicating preferred embodiments of the invention are given for illustrative purposes only, and the invention is not limited thereto. Various modifications and changes within the scope and spirit of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0071] Shrimp pond 100

[0072] See Figure 3 and Figure 4The shrimp pond 100 is cylindrical in shape, meaning it has a circular surface, but it is not limited to this. Specifically, the shrimp pond 100 can have other surface shapes, such as rectangular, square, or polygonal, depending on the needs and scale ordered by the shrimp farmer. Once formed, the shrimp pond 100 will be lined with a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tarpaulin, which covers at least the inner surface of the pond to retain water and allow shrimp to be cultured within it. The pond can be formed by building a frame around it and then covering the frame with HDPE tarpaulin on the inner surface (a tarpaulin-lined steel frame pond). Figure 3 Alternatively, excavate the soil to form a pool shape and then cover the excavated surface with HDPE tarpaulin (a soil pool lined with tarpaulin). Figure 4 Regarding steel-framed pools lined with waterproof fabric, the pool structure may sink into the soil; conversely, regarding pools lined with waterproof fabric but with soil, the pool structure will be exposed above ground.

[0073] See Figure 5 B. The shrimp pond 100 preferably has a siphon structure. The siphon structure is a funnel-shaped bottom structure of the pond, high at the outer edge, gradually decreasing inwards, and low at the center. In this low section, a siphon system 120 is provided, including a central hole located at the bottom of the pond, which connects to a piping system to draw out organic matter from the shrimp pond. Due to the funnel-shaped design, coupled with the multi-functional device, a vortex is formed in the bottom water of the pond, causing organic matter to tend to settle into the central hole and be discharged to the outside through the piping system. The end of the piping system has a locking valve; when the locking valve is opened, because the central hole is located at the lowest point of the pond, the water pressure is also the highest, which will push the organic matter out without any additional force. Furthermore, to prevent shrimp from flowing out with the water through the siphon system, a dome-shaped mesh device is placed above the central hole, with mesh sizes suitable for the passage of organic matter and water, but blocking the shrimp.

[0074] Multifunctional device 200

[0075] refer to Figure 6 According to an embodiment, the multifunctional device 200 of the present invention includes a support frame 210, a water flow generator 220, a gas dissolution unit 230, and a feeder unit 240.

[0076] A water flow generator 220 is located near the bottom of the shrimp pond 100. The water flow generator 220 includes an impeller 224, driven by a motor 221 for stirring to generate a water flow (3.7-5.5 kW, 380 V) through a drive shaft 223. The impeller 224 is surrounded by a body 222 of the water flow generator 220, which is a helical tubular structure to facilitate the generation and guidance of the water flow. The water flow generator 220 is designed to generate a stratified water flow with decreasing volumetric velocity from the bottom to the surface of the shrimp pond. Preferably, the water flow generator 220 operates at a volumetric velocity that minimizes the flow rate of water at the air-water interface to avoid any turbulence that might increase the diffusion of oxygen from the water into the air. Preferably, for a shrimp pond containing 100 m³ of water… 3 Up to 2,000 m 3 A 100-square-meter intensive shrimp pond in brackish water, with a water volumetric flow velocity of 50 m / s. 3 / h to 1,000 m 3 Between / h.

[0077] refer to Figure 6 The multifunctional device 200 of the present invention includes (but is not limited to) five gas dissolution units 230 for dissolving molecular oxygen in water. These gas dissolution units are located inside the body 222 and adjacent to the impeller 224 of the water flow generator 220. The gas dissolution units 230 are connected to a pure oxygen supply device (not shown) via air ducts 231. Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 The gas dissolution unit 230 includes a porous ceramic tube 232, which has a partially hollow internal portion. Figure 9 The porous ceramic tube 232 consists of an upper stop 234 and a lower stop 235, which are positioned at both ends of the tube and, together with three bolts 236 and three nuts 237, secure the tube. A rubber buffer plate 238 is positioned above the lower stop 235 to prevent direct contact between the tube and the tube, which could lead to breakage. An inlet 233 located in the upper stop 234 connects to a hollow portion inside the porous ceramic tube 232, facilitating the introduction of molecular oxygen into this portion.

[0078] Feeder unit 240 is used to provide industrial and functional food for shrimp. (Reference) Figure 6According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feeder unit 240 includes a generally cylindrical (but not limited to) container 242, a lid 241 on top of the container 242, a sensor 256 inside the container 242 for sensing the amount of food remaining in the container 242, and a feed output end 243 below the container 242. The feed output end 243 is a square box-shaped tube (but not limited to) and can be directed directly downwards or diagonally outwards. Additionally, a motor for feed-dosing can be arranged at the top of the feed output end 243 to measure a precise amount of feed and supply it to the shrimp pond 100. According to an embodiment, the feeder unit 240 is directly operated by a control box 244. Specifically, the control box 244 of the feeder unit 240 has the function of metering and feeding according to a predetermined schedule. Furthermore, the control box 244 may include an indicator light 245 and an antenna 246. The indicator light 245 and the antenna 246 are connected to the control box 244 to generate alarm signals in different modes respectively and transmit information together with the control box.

[0079] refer to Figure 7 According to an embodiment, the multifunctional device includes a sensor assembly 250. The sensor assembly is designed in a cylindrical form (but not limited to this), with one end (bottom) submerged in the water of the shrimp pond 100, containing a sensor chip, and the other end (upper part) having a wire connection for transmitting information to an electronic controller 260. The sensor assembly 250 of the present invention is used to measure the pH value, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, water level, and algae concentration of the water in the shrimp pond 100. According to one embodiment, the sensor assembly 250 also includes a sensor 251 that measures a single indicator of the shrimp pond located away from the main part of the sensor assembly 250; for example, the sensor 251 for measuring the pond water level is located away from the main part of the sensor assembly 250 for measuring factors such as DO, pH value, and salinity. Furthermore, the sensor may not need to be attached to the frame of the multifunctional device, but can be placed away from the multifunctional device, as long as the sensor can still communicate with the controller 260 described below.

[0080] According to some embodiments, a controller 260 is configured to operate the entire multi-functional device 200. The controller 260 connects and communicates with other components via wired and / or wireless communication such as Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, 5G, or LoRa. The controller 260 has a processor operable to receive system data from sensors, analyze and determine appropriate parameters for the shrimp pond 100, and transmit signals to components to cause them to operate according to the defined parameters. Specifically, sensor assembly 250 measures water quality indicators in the shrimp pond 100, and the measured values ​​are updated to the controller 260 every 15 to 180 minutes. The processor of the controller 260 analyzes and evaluates the multi-functional device 200 and the entire system as a whole, and then makes appropriate operational requests. For example, when the dissolved oxygen concentration value is below the "allowable value," data is transmitted to the controller 260 for analysis, and then the controller 260 activates the pure oxygen supply device 300 to deliver oxygen through the gas dissolution unit 230 to the water column within the body 222 of the water flow generator 220 for dissolution in the pond. When the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water rises above the "allowable value," the sensor assembly 250 transmits the information to the controller 260 for analysis. The controller 260 then stops the pure oxygen supply device 300. This mechanism aims to control the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water within the allowable threshold and conserve energy. The controller 260, with its integrated microprocessor, can operate the entire system independently; however, the invention is not limited to this. As mentioned above, the control box contains circuitry connected to the Internet via Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, 5G, and LoRa. Therefore, the controller 260 can fully connect and communicate with an external server, and / or users can indirectly remotely control the system's operation through the controller 260. Similar to the sensor assembly 250, the control unit 260 does not need to be mounted on the frame of the multi-functional device but can be placed on the pool wall for easy maintenance and human intervention, as long as the control unit continues to communicate with other components of the multi-functional device 200.

[0081] Furthermore, the controller 260 can control devices other than the multi-function device 200. For example, see reference... Figure 6 The control unit is equipped with two cabinets: the left cabinet is used to control the multi-functional device 200, and the right cabinet is used to control the water supply pump that has the function of turning the pump that supplies water to the pool on / off.

[0082] Pure oxygen supply equipment

[0083] The intensive shrimp pond of the present invention may further include equipment for providing molecular oxygen gas with a purity higher than the oxygen concentration in the air (about 20.5%). Preferably, the purity of the molecular oxygen is higher than 30%. More preferably, the purity of the molecular oxygen is higher than 85%.

[0084] The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) based device used in this invention is manufactured by RYNAN® Technologies Vietnam and is named RYNAN® OXYGEN GENERATOR M150. This device is capable of producing up to 150 kg / day of oxygen and can supply up to five pools at an average flow rate of 35-40 g / min.

[0085] In addition to the pure oxygen supply device 300, a pure carbon dioxide supply device (not shown) may also be installed to provide CO2 gas to the shrimp pond 100. This device operates under certain conditions, and its purpose is to provide carbon dioxide to algae, since algae use carbon dioxide to produce oxygen molecules during photosynthesis.

[0086] Floating roof system 500

[0087] Inside the pond, there is a floating roof system 500 that is in contact with the water surface. The floating roof system 500 includes a floating roof 510 with a frame of buoy pipes made of PVC (or PP, PE, and other materials) to help the floating roof always float on the water. The frame of the floating roof can be rectangular (square or other shapes, etc.) occupying most of the surface area of ​​the shrimp pond 100. The middle surface of the frame is a waterproof cover made of HDPE, which is at least 0.5 mm thick and has a light transmittance of more than 40%. In the center of the cover is a submersible pump 520 (supported below by a circular stainless steel pipe or a stainless steel pipe placed on the buoy). The body of the submersible pump is configured to connect to pipes 530 to drain rainwater out of the pond. Float roof tensioners are arranged at the four corners of the floating roof and are tightly stretched to the pond wall. Because the floating roof is configured to capture rainwater, the floating roof system 500 helps reduce dissolved oxygen loss and fluctuations in dissolved oxygen levels, reduces water temperature changes, reduces light exposure detrimental to shrimp, reduces pH changes due to reduced algal photosynthesis, and reduces the impact on water quality.

[0088] Lighting System 600

[0089] The intensive shrimp farming pond of the present invention may also include a lighting system 600, the purpose of which is to stimulate shrimp to eat more industrial food when the lights are turned on.

[0090] According to an embodiment, the lighting system 600 includes eight LED lights 610 arranged on opposite sides, close to the pool wall, and curved toward the pool surface at both ends. Each LED light 610 has 24 panels, and each panel has 6 LED bulbs. Therefore, each LED light 610 has a total of 144 LED bulbs, including 48 blue LED bulbs and 96 green LED bulbs.

[0091] The lighting system, along with the sun, provides at least 14 hours of light daily. It uses blue (approximately 450nm wavelength) and green (approximately 510nm wavelength) bulbs to help shrimp grow rapidly and achieve high survival rates. The system provides artificial light to alter the shrimp's cycles and dietary habits towards industrial and natural foods in the presence of blue and green light, changing their behavior, stimulating molting, and encouraging them to consume more industrial food.

[0092] 700 seaweed farming system

[0093] See Figure 10 and Figure 11 According to some embodiments, the shrimp pond 100 also includes an additional seaweed cultivation system 700. See also Figure 11 Each seaweed cultivation cage 710 is constructed from a rectangular prism frame 711 formed by connecting PVC pipes, and its perimeter and bottom are covered with plastic mesh 712. The seaweed cultivation system 700 can be arranged around and adjacent to the pool wall. Figure 12 Arranged in a 360-degree configuration, or around the four sides of the floating roof. Seaweed culture cages are used to cultivate certain types of seaweed beneficial to shrimp, which helps decompose substances such as NH4 dissolved in the water. + and NO3 + Organic waste is removed and added to the aquaculture environment to enrich the shrimp's natural food sources, produce additional oxygen through photosynthesis, reduce toxic gases, and maintain the shrimp's health. The main seaweeds cultured in the cages of this invention include *Porphyra* spp., *Porphyra palmaria*, *Porphyra palmata*, *Porphyra dioica*, *Porphyra umbililis*, *Chondruscrispus*, *Osmundea pinnatifid*, *Gracilaria chilensis*, *Gracilaria gracilis*, *Gelidium corneum*, *Sargasummaclurei*, *Fucus vesiculosus*, *Fucus spiralis*, *Saccharimalatissima*, *Bifurcaria bifurcata*, *Undaria pinnatifida*, *Ulva* spp., and *Ulva* var. *bindi*. Rigida, Ulva lactuca, Ulva capensis, Cladophora rupestris, etc.

[0094] Setting modes and operating multi-functional devices 200

[0095] The multi-functional device 200 essentially has three main functions: providing food, providing molecular oxygen, and generating water flow. The mode settings and operation of the multi-functional device 200 are directly and primarily related to these three functions. Specifically, according to some embodiments, the multi-functional device is set up and operated as follows:

[0096] - Setting the feeding mode: Choose between manual or automatic mode. Manual mode feeds by amount and time, for example, feeding 100g, pausing, resuming feeding after 5 minutes, and continuing until the user stops feeding. In automatic mode, feeding is based on a schedule (time frame) with configured feeding cycles and food amounts. More specifically, in automatic mode, the device automatically turns on, feeds according to a predetermined cycle, automatically turns off at the end of the day's feeding cycle, and resumes the cycle the next day. Manual mode requires human intervention: the operator turns on the device and sets the mode; the operator must manually turn off the device to stop the mode; the next day, if the operator wants to turn the device back on, they must manually turn it on and reset the mode.

[0097] - Set oxygen supply mode: The pure oxygen supply equipment is configured to pump oxygen into the pool so that DO is always greater than 7.0 mg / L, preferably greater than 8.0 mg / L.

[0098] - Set the mode and operate the water flow generator 220 so that the output water flow is between 0-18 m 3 Between / minutes.

[0099] - The ratio of water flow velocity to oxygen flow velocity is preferably at least 70,000.

[0100] Setting the mode and operating the lighting system 600

[0101] The lighting system 600 is configured to provide at least 14 hours of illumination per day from both artificial light and sunlight. According to a preferred embodiment, the lighting switching pattern is set as follows: blue light is turned on at 0:00 AM (gradually increasing from 0% to 100% over the first 30 minutes), then the blue light is turned off at 1:00 AM; green light is turned on at 0:00 AM (gradually increasing from 0% to 100% over the first 60 minutes), then the green light is turned off at 7:00 AM.

[0102] Operating the floating roof system 500

[0103] The floating roof system, including the floating roof and submersible pump, is used when the shrimp are 0-30 days or 0-40 days old. After this period, the floating roof will be removed from the shrimp pond. The main purposes of operating the floating roof are to reduce oxygen loss into the air, reduce water temperature fluctuations, reduce sunlight intensity, and absorb rainwater on the roof during or after rain. In addition, the floating roof requires regular weekly cleaning or cleaning when dust accumulates.

[0104] Operate the siphon system 120

[0105] As described above, the siphon structure resembles a funnel, where organic residues in the pond (shrimp feces, shells, carcasses, uneaten food, etc.) accumulate in the central orifice of the siphon system 120 due to the stratified water flow with decreasing volumetric velocity from the bottom to the surface of the pond. Depending on the age of the shrimp, the locking valve of the siphon system opens once every 2 hours or 1 hour, allowing water to push all residues into the central orifice. Waste is collected in the central orifice and discharged through a pipe system. According to one embodiment, 1,000 m 3 The discharge capacity of the pool is 20 m³. 3 / day-100m 3 / sky.

[0106] After or during discharge, it is necessary to add an equal amount of discharged water to the shrimp pond. This additional water source can utilize the discharge water from the previous siphon process. Specifically, the shrimp pond is siphoned / changed daily to remove the culture water and add fresh water. Wastewater is discharged from the central orifice, following the sewage pipe system directly into the mangroves. Here, due to the action of microorganisms in the mangroves and forest, the wastewater is treated, discharged at the end of the mangroves, and returned to the input water purification system. At the end of the mangroves, before entering the filter system, the salinity, pH, turbidity, alum, alkali, Ca, Mg, NO2, NO3, and PO4 of the water are checked.

[0107] Use algae and alkaline reagents (alkali or alkaline oxides).

[0108] Besides dissolved oxygen (DO), pH level in the pond is another factor that needs to be monitored and maintained at an optimal level. The optimal pH level for shrimp ponds is 7.5-8.0. (Reference) Figure 13 This describes the degradation pathway of organic matter in shrimp ponds, which significantly affects the pH value of the pond. The main organic waste in shrimp ponds is protein, including both water-soluble and insoluble forms. In the shrimp pond according to the present invention, insoluble types are precipitated and removed from the pond due to a siphon structure, while water-soluble types are mainly treated using biological materials (including microorganisms and algae). The microorganisms used are heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms, while the algae used are phototrophic organisms. Water-soluble organic matter undergoes the following biodegradation process: firstly, through protein hydrolysis and ammoniation, nitrogen is converted to NH3 by heterotrophic organisms (such as Bacillus spp.), and then to NH4. +The process then involves a nitrification cycle through key microorganisms such as Nitrosmonas and Nitrobacter, a process that consumes O2 in the tank and produces CO2 and H2. + This lowers the pH value. At the same time, algae (which have phototrophic capabilities) can assimilate NH4+. + and NO3 - To increase biomass, this process consumes CO2 and produces O2, increasing pH by decreasing CO2 concentration, because CO2 reacts with H2O according to the following mechanism: CO2 + H2O => H2CO3, H2CO3 <=> H + + CO3 2- CO3 2- + H2O <=>OH - + CO2, where the reaction tends to produce alkaline OH- when the CO2 concentration in the water decreases. - Preferred algae used in this invention include:

[0109] Green algae (Algas verdes): Chlorella sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Scenedesmus sp., Monoraphidium contortum, Chlamydomonas sp., Ankistrodesmus sp., Haematococcus sp., Dunaliella sp., Oocystis sp., Volvox sp., vàUlothrix sp.

[0110] Diatoms (Algas diatomeas): *Thalassiosira* sp., *Chaetoceros* sp., *Eunotia* sp., *Isochrysis* sp., *Skeletonema* sp., *Nitzschia* sp., *Và Navicula* sp.

[0111] Spirulina (Algas espirulina): genus Spirulina sp.

[0112] In summary, the microbial activity reduces the pH value, while the photosynthesis of algae increases the pH value conversely. However, algae can effectively conduct photosynthesis only on sunny days when the sunlight intensity is about 15 Klux - 25 Klux. Otherwise, algae will still respire and reduce the pH value of the environment. Specifically, if the sunlight intensity is lower than 15 Klux, algae will not conduct photosynthesis. If the sunlight intensity exceeds 30 Klux, the photosynthesis of algae will be inhibited. Therefore, it is necessary to add alkaline reagents to increase the pH value when algae respire. The alkaline reagents can be alkalis or basic oxides, preferably selected from the group consisting of: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Na2O, K2O, and CaO or their combinations.

[0113] After research, the present invention proposes to control the pH value in a shrimp pond by using algae, microorganisms, and alkaline reagents, where the algae and / or alkaline reagents are used as pH value increasing agents when the pH value of the environment is lower than the optimal value, while the microorganisms are used as pH value reducing agents when the pH value is higher than the optimal value. Therefore, when the pH value and trend (rising or falling) of the pond are known (since the sensor component continuously notifies its value), it is entirely possible to control this factor in real time. Specifically, the contents of algae and microorganisms can be initially determined at the optimal pH value of 7.5 - 8.0, and then this content can be controlled at this level, that is, when the pH value tends to decrease, algae and alkaline reagents are added, and when the pH value increases, microorganisms are added.

[0114] According to one embodiment, when the pH value < 7.5, alkaline reagents are added and the amount of added microorganisms is reduced; when 7.5 < pH value < 8.0 (optimal), the amounts of algae and microorganisms are balanced and no additional factors are added; when 8.0 < pH value < 8.5, the amount of added algae is reduced; and when the pH value > 8.5, adding algae to the pond is stopped until the pH value returns to the optimal level.

[0115] Preferably, the density of algae and microorganisms is 10 3 -10 6 cells / ml.

[0116] For the following reasons, using algae to increase the pH value is still superior to alkaline reagents:

[0117] First, algae contribute to a stable increase in the pH value. Referring to Figure 14 , it clearly shows the difference in the increase in pH value due to the addition of active algae and CaO. When the algae are active, the pH value will increase slowly, while when CaO is added, the pH value will increase rapidly to reach the required value at that time. It can be seen that CaO needs to be added to the pond only at night / without sunlight or when algae do not conduct photosynthesis.

[0118] Secondly, the use of photosynthetic algae also helps to increase the oxygen concentration in the pond, reduce the gas supply of the pure oxygen supply equipment, and save electricity and water by operating the pure oxygen supply equipment intermittently and changing the water less frequently.

[0119] Third, algae are a natural food source for shrimp. Having algae in the shrimp pond helps reduce the free flow rate (FCR) (e.g., FCR=1.2), resulting in better shrimp meat quality and brighter color.

[0120] Examples of embodiments of the present invention

[0121] Experimental example (experimental pool):

[0122] In this experimental example, an intensive shrimp farming system with the following conditions and operating mode was established:

[0123] Shrimp pond

[0124] The design is a steel-framed pool lined with a waterproof tarpaulin. The pool is essentially cylindrical, with walls constructed from a steel frame. HDPE waterproof tarpaulin surrounds the steel frame and covers the bottom of the pool. The steel frame is 1.5 m high, with a circular bottom (23 m in diameter) and a funnel-shaped (siphon structure) bottom (starting from the base of the steel frame). The deepest point is the central hole, approximately 2.5 m deep. The pool has a water volume of 500 m³. 3 .

[0125] Operating the siphon system: The siphon system discharges water every hour, with a discharge volume of 500 L to 1000 L. During or after the discharge, supply the pool with an equal volume of clean water as the discharge volume.

[0126] Pure oxygen supply equipment

[0127] The pure oxygen supply equipment used in this experiment was the RYNAN® OXYGEN GENERATOR M150, supplied by RYNAN® Technologies Vietnam (Tra Vinh). It has an oxygen production capacity of 150 kg / day and can supply oxygen to up to five ponds at an average flow rate of 35-40 g / min. Oxygen is supplied to an oxygen diffuser to dissolve in the water, and its flow rate is automatically set according to the required dissolved oxygen concentration in the water. In this experimental case, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the shrimp pond water was higher than 8 mg / L.

[0128] Multifunctional device

[0129] The shrimp pond is equipped with two multi-functional devices, arranged opposite each other and placed at the ends of two bridges that lead into the pond from the pond wall. The multi-functional devices used in the experimental pond ( Figure 7The device includes a water flow generator, which comprises a body, a motor, and an impeller; a feeder unit, which comprises a container and a control box; a gas dissolution unit connected to a pure oxygen supply device; a sensor assembly with a water level sensor located away from the main part of the sensor assembly; and a controller capable of receiving signals from the sensor assembly, sending information to the gateway, analyzing and evaluating itself, and sending control information to operate the entire multifunctional device according to predetermined settings.

[0130] Setting the mode and operating the multi-functional device: i) Setting the feeding mode: Choose between manual or automatic mode. In manual mode, feeding is done by amount and time, pausing after 100 g of food, resuming feeding after 5 minutes, and continuing until the user stops feeding. In automatic mode, feeding is based on a schedule (time frame) with configurations for feeding cycles and food amounts; ii) Setting the oxygen supply mode so that DO is always >7.0 mg / L, preferably >8.0 mg / L; iii) Setting the mode and operation so that the output water flow rate is between 0-18 m³ / L. 3 Between / min.

[0131] Floating roof system:

[0132] The floating roof consists of a rectangular frame made of PVC pipe measuring 16 m × 15 m. In the center of the floating roof is a waterproof cover made of HDPE with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a light transmittance of 60%. In the center of the cover is a submersible pump with a capacity of 1 HP, which quickly and effectively pumps rainwater out of the cover surface.

[0133] During rainy days, workers proactively pump rainwater out of the floating roof. The floating roof is cleaned regularly. When the shrimp are 30 or 40 days old, the floating roof can be removed from the shrimp pond.

[0134] Lighting system

[0135] It includes 8 LED lights, each with a total of 144 LED bulbs, including 48 blue LED bulbs and 96 green LED bulbs.

[0136] The lighting system is set as follows: turn on the blue LED lights at 0:00 AM, gradually increase the brightness from 0% to 100% over the first 30 minutes, and then turn them off at 1:00 AM; turn on the green LED lights at 0:00 AM, gradually increase the brightness from 0% to 100% over the first 60 minutes, and then turn them off at 7:00 AM.

[0137] Therefore, the volume of the intensive aquaculture pond according to the example of the present invention is 500 m³. 3 The shrimp farming density is 300 shrimp / m². 3 The dissolved oxygen concentration was consistently maintained at a value greater than 8.0 mg / L. Figure 15AThe entire crop maintains a pH level between 7.5 and 8.0 through the amount of algae, microorganisms, and CaO. Figure 15B ).

[0138] The average weight of the shrimp harvested after 70 days of culture was approximately 16.2 grams per shrimp. The total yield was 1.993 kg. The survival rate was 82%.

[0139] Comparison Example (Comparison Pool)

[0140] In this comparative example, the existing model's intensive shrimp pond (water volume of 500m³) 3 ) at 100 tails / m 3 Shrimp were stored at high density. The mechanical oxygenation system consisted of blowers (2.2 kW capacity) connected to 20 oxygen diffusers located at the bottom of the tank and 8 paddlewheel units (2.5 kW) floating on the water to mix air containing approximately 20.5% oxygen into the water. The system operated continuously 24 hours a day. During the 40-70 day rearing period, the dissolved oxygen concentration remained consistently below 7 mg / L (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 16A Furthermore, the pH value of the pool water is also highly variable and unpredictable. Figure 16B Therefore, it is difficult to achieve increased shrimp density and high intensification using existing systems.

[0141] After 70 days of rearing, the average weight of the harvested shrimp was approximately 14.7 grams per shrimp. The total yield was 574 kg. The survival rate was 76.5%.

[0142] The specific embodiments and examples described above are for illustrative purposes only, and this disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make different modifications or additions or use similar alternatives, but these will not exceed or fall outside the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An intensive shrimp pond (100), said shrimp pond (100) being cylindrical and having an inverted conical bottom, said bottom having a slope of 5% to 12% along the radius of the bottom surface of the pond, said shrimp pond (100) comprising: A siphon system (120) includes a central hole at the lowest point of the pond and a piping system connected to the central hole to discharge organic matter from the shrimp pond; At least one multi-functional device (200); A floating roof system (500) is located on the water surface in the pool; as well as Lighting system (600), which provides artificial light, The multifunctional device (200) includes: Water flow generator (220); The body (222) has a spiral tubular structure; Impeller (224), said impeller (224) is placed inside the body (222); A motor (221) drives the impeller (224) via a drive shaft (223) to generate water flow; A feeder unit (240) for providing food to shrimp includes: a container (242); a lid (241) located above the container (242); a sensor located inside the container (242) and capable of sensing the amount of food remaining in the container (242); a feed output end (243) located below the container (242); and a feed metering motor configured to measure a precise amount of feed and deliver a precise amount of feed to the shrimp pond (100). A gas dissolving unit (230) for dissolving oxygen molecules into the water of the shrimp pond, the gas dissolving unit comprising: a porous ceramic tube (232) having a hollow interior; an upper stop (234) and a lower stop (235) positioned at opposite ends of the porous ceramic tube (232); a plurality of bolts (236) and a plurality of matching nuts (237) for tightening the upper stop and the lower stop and fixing the porous ceramic tube (232) between the upper stop and the lower stop; and an inlet (233) disposed in the upper stop (234) and connected to the hollow interior of the porous ceramic tube (232); wherein the gas dissolving unit (230) is located inside the body (222), adjacent to the impeller (224) of the water flow generator (220) and connected to a pure oxygen supply device; and A support frame (210) is configured with multiple support heights, with the motor (221) of the water flow generator (220) positioned at the highest support height and the body (222) of the water flow generator (220) positioned at the lowest support height, such that when placed in the shrimp pond, the device generates a unidirectional laminar flow with a gradually decreasing velocity from the bottom of the shrimp pond to the water surface; and The floating roof system (500) includes: A floating roof (510) comprising a rectangular frame and a waterproof cover, the rectangular frame being a buoy tube made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), the waterproof cover being located within the rectangular frame and made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), the waterproof cover having a thickness of at least 0.5 mm and a light transmittance of more than 40%, and A submersible pump (520) is placed in the middle area of ​​the waterproof cover.

2. The intensive shrimp pond (100) according to claim 1, comprising: The sensor assembly (250), when placed underwater, allows for combination with a surface sunlight sensor to measure water quality parameters selected from a group consisting of dissolved oxygen concentration, pH value, salinity, water temperature, and turbidity.

3. The intensive shrimp pond (100) according to claim 2 further includes: A controller (260) for operating the multifunctional device (200), the controller being connected and communicating with the water flow generator and the feeder unit via wired and / or wireless communication, wherein the controller (260) is configured to receive system data information from the sensor assembly (250), then determine and adjust parameters, and transmit one or more of the parameters to at least one of the water flow generator and the feeder unit so as to enable operation according to the transmitted parameters.

4. The intensive shrimp pond (100) according to claim 1 further includes a seaweed farming system (700), the seaweed farming system having a seaweed farming cage (710), the seaweed farming cage (710) having a rectangular prism frame (711) made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, and the bottom surface of the rectangular prism frame being covered by a plastic mesh (712).

5. The intensive shrimp pond (100) according to claim 1, wherein, The lighting system includes light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, each LED lamp comprising multiple LED bulbs, of which approximately one-third emit blue light and two-thirds emit green light. The combination of LED lights and sunlight provides at least 14 hours of illumination per day.

6. A method for operating an intensive shrimp pond (100) according to claim 1, the method comprising the following steps: Set the mode and operate the multi-functional device; Set the mode and operate the lighting system; Operate the siphon system; as well as Operate the floating roof system; The steps of setting the mode and operating the multi-functional device include: The feeder unit is set and operated according to either manual or automatic mode, wherein in manual mode, the setting for the next feeding is based on the previous feeding results, and in automatic mode, the setting is a predetermined timed feeding. A pure oxygen supply was set at a flow rate from 0 g / min to 180 g / min, such that the dissolved oxygen in the shrimp pond was higher than the saturation dissolved oxygen concentration of approximately 7.6 mg / L at the geographical location of the shrimp pond; and Set the mode and operate the water flow generator so that the output water flow is at 0 m 3 / min to 20 m 3 Between / min.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The ratio of water flow velocity (L / min) to oxygen flow velocity (L / min) is greater than 5,000.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The lighting system includes light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, each LED lamp comprising multiple LED bulbs, wherein blue LED bulbs and green LED bulbs are among the multiple LED bulbs, and the steps for setting the mode and operating the lighting system include the following steps: The blue LED bulb was turned on at 00:00 local time, and gradually brightened from 0% to 100% over the first 30 minutes. The blue LED bulb was turned off at 01:00 local time. The green LED bulbs were turned on at 00:00 local time, gradually increasing in brightness from 0% to 100% over the first 60 minutes. The green LED bulbs were turned off at 07:00 local time.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The steps for operating the siphon system (120) include: Water is periodically discharged through the siphon system at intervals of approximately 1 hour to approximately 3 hours, to discharge approximately 2% to 10% of the total volume of the shrimp pond daily. Clean water is pumped into the shrimp pond to essentially replenish the volume discharged.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The steps for operating the floating roof system include: During or after rain, rainwater on the waterproof cover of the floating roof is collected and the collected rainwater is pumped out of the floating roof.

11. The method of claim 6, further comprising at least one of the following steps: Add algae and / or alkaline reagents to increase the pH of the pool; and Microorganisms are added to lower the pH of the pool.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: When the pH value of the pool is lower than a predetermined value, algae and / or alkaline reagents are added; and Microorganisms are added when the pH value of the pool is higher than the predetermined value.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The alkaline reagent includes a base or an alkaline oxide, selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Na2O, K2O and CaO.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein, Add algae during the day and add alkaline reagents at night or when the sunlight intensity is less than 15 Klux or greater than 30 Klux.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The predetermined value is between 7.5 and 8.

0.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of: The pH value of the pool was measured, and If the measured value indicates pH < 7.5, add an alkaline reagent and reduce or prevent the addition of microorganisms; If the measured values ​​indicate that 8.0 < pH < 8.5, then reduce the amount of algae added; and If the measured value indicates that pH > 8.5, then stop adding algae to the pool until the pH value returns to the predetermined value.

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