Preparation method of a spray-type double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating, antifouling coating and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for preparing a spray-on double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating, the antifouling coating, and its application, belonging to the field of surface processing coatings. The method comprises: pretreating a spray-on substrate to obtain an oil- and water-free working surface; uniformly mixing a polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution and a polyethyleneimine solution to obtain a prepolymer, and adding a dispersant to obtain a mixture; mixing the mixture with vanadium pentoxide and placing it in a spray bottle to obtain a prepolymer spray; and sequentially spraying the prepolymer spray and pyrogallol spray onto the substrate surface to obtain a flocculent coating, which is the double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating. The spray-on double-crosslinked hydrogel coating provided by the present invention has strong wet adhesion strength, and the critical pressure required to completely peel the coating applied to stainless steel reaches 30N. The spray-on double-crosslinked hydrogel coating can achieve an inhibition rate of over 99% against bacteria and algae under static conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of surface processing coatings, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a spray-type double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating, the antifouling coating and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] The process by which marine microorganisms and invertebrates attach and reproduce on the surface of marine facilities is called biofouling.

[0003] Biofouling, a major cause of marine facility failure, has plagued humanity for centuries. From an economic perspective, biofouling affects the surface roughness and overall weight of ships, reducing fuel efficiency. The acidic secretions produced by the proliferation and metabolism of biofouling organisms accelerate corrosion of marine facility surfaces, increasing maintenance costs. Ecologically, reduced fuel efficiency inevitably leads to excessive greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, biofouling organisms adhering to ship surfaces can affect biodiversity in areas of transit.

[0004] Currently, marine coatings commonly used have the drawback of having a lethal effect on non-target organisms, which is detrimental to protecting the marine environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an environmentally friendly antifouling coating that can provide a stable antifouling effect, thereby reducing the pollution of the marine environment caused by the antifouling agents in the antifouling coating. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the abstract and title of this application to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and the title of the invention, and such simplifications or omissions should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0006] In view of the above problems and / or the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0007] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method for preparing a spray-type double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preparing a spray-type double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating, characterized in that it comprises:

[0009] Pre-treat the spraying substrate to obtain an oil-free and water-free working surface;

[0010] The polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution and the polyethyleneimine solution are uniformly mixed to obtain a prepolymer, and a dispersant is added to obtain a mixture;

[0011] The mixture is mixed with vanadium pentoxide and placed into a spray bottle to obtain a prepolymer spray;

[0012] The prepolymer spray and the pyrogallol spray are sequentially sprayed onto the surface of the substrate, and the resulting flocculent coating is the double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the pretreatment of the spraying substrate comprises:

[0014] The substrate surface was cleaned with acetone, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in sequence to obtain an oil-free and water-free substrate to be sprayed.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the substrate comprises common marine facility surface materials such as cast iron, stainless steel and aluminum alloy.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the molecular weight of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone is not less than 1,300,000, and the concentration of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution is 50 mg / mL.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the molecular weight of the polyethyleneimine is 1800, and the concentration of the polyethyleneimine solution is 50 wt%.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine solution to the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution is 1:10 to 2:10.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the dispersant comprises sodium polycarboxylate, the mass ratio of the dispersant to the prepolymer is 1:5-10, and the vanadium pentoxide accounts for 0.5-1 wt% of the mixture.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the particle size of the vanadium pentoxide is not more than 5 μm, and the concentration of the pyrogallol solution is not less than 1M.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a spray-type double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating prepared by a method for preparing the spray-type double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide an antifouling coating for use in antifouling and drag reduction on the surface of marine facilities.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0024] (1) The spray-applied double-crosslinked hydrogel coating provided by the present invention has strong wet adhesion strength, and the critical pressure required to completely peel off the coating applied on stainless steel reaches 30N; the spray-applied double-crosslinked hydrogel coating provided can achieve an inhibition rate of more than 99% on bacteria and algae under static conditions.

[0025] (2) The spray-on double-crosslinked hydrogel coating provided by the present invention has the characteristics of convenient molding and low cost, which is conducive to large-area spraying on the surface of marine facilities; the spray-on double-crosslinked hydrogel coating provided by the present invention has the effect of reducing the corrosion current density of the stainless steel surface, and the corrosion inhibition rate exceeds 60%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. Among them:

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the preparation of the spray-type double-cross-linked hydrogel antifouling coating in this embodiment.

[0028] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the molecular structure of aryl pyrrolidone formed after the polyvinyl pyrrolidone absorbs pyrogallol.

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the chelation between the catechin group and vanadium in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a laser confocal microscope image used to characterize the antifouling effect of the coating of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments of the specification.

[0032] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0033] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0034] Polyvinylpyrrolidone in the examples of the present invention was purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., batch number C15207561;

[0035] Polyethyleneimine was purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., batch number C14839026;

[0036] Pyrogallol was purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., batch number C14194392;

[0037] Sodium polycarboxylate dispersant was purchased from Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., batch number A04506214;

[0038] Vanadium pentoxide was purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., batch number C14726416.

[0039] The spray-on double cross-linked hydrogel coating of the present invention is prepared by Figure 1 The process shown in the figure is to use 304 stainless steel as the research substrate. The surface of the stainless steel substrate is cleaned, and then the prepolymer is evenly sprayed on the substrate surface. Finally, the pyrogallol solution is sprayed to obtain the coating.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present invention, the size of the stainless steel substrate is 10×10×1 mm, and the particle size of vanadium pentoxide is 1-5 μm. Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio natrix, Chlorella vulgaris, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum are selected as common Gram-positive / negative bacteria in the ocean, coccal algae, and diatoms, respectively, to evaluate the antifouling performance of the hydrogel coating.

[0041] (1) Antifouling performance test of the present invention:

[0042] Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio natriureticus were selected as representative of common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the ocean, respectively, as target bacteria for antibacterial testing. Samples were immersed in culture medium containing the above bacteria and removed after 24 hours. The samples were fixed with glutaraldehyde and the surface bacteria were stained with propidium iodide. Bacterial adhesion was observed using a laser confocal microscope (Leica TCS SP8 STED).

[0043] Chlorella vulgaris and Phaeochromis tricornutum were selected as representatives of common green algae and diatoms in the ocean, respectively, as target algae for testing their anti-algae adhesion properties. The samples were immersed in a culture medium containing the above algae and cultured with a 12:12h day and night alternation for 7 days. After the algae adsorbed on the surface were fixed with glutaraldehyde, the above-mentioned laser confocal microscope was used to observe the algae adhesion on the sample surface.

[0044] (2) Swelling rate test:

[0045] The prepared hydrogel was freeze-dried for 24 h and then placed in a vacuum drying oven for further drying until the weight was constant. The weight was recorded as M o ;

[0046] Place the completely dried hydrogel in artificial seawater, take it out every 2 hours, wipe the surface moisture with filter paper, and weigh it until the weight does not change. Record the weight at this time as M t , using the formula SR%=(M t -M o ) / M o ×100% to calculate the swelling ratio of the hydrogel.

[0047] (3) Mechanical properties test:

[0048] The coating's hydrogel material was subjected to tensile testing using an INSTRON 68TM-30 universal testing machine equipped with a high-precision transducer. After absorbing water to swelling equilibrium, the hydrogel was cut into dumbbell-shaped tensile specimens with a thickness of 1 mm and a cross-section of 4 mm. Protective paper was wrapped around each end of the specimen during clamping to prevent damage to the hydrogel. During the experiment, the loading accuracy was set to 0.5%, and the tensile speed was 30 mm / min.

[0049] (4) Adhesion test:

[0050] The adhesion of the hydrogel coatings was tested by a microscratch test using an Anton Paar scratch tester (CSM RST) equipped with a spherical indenter (ROCKWELL AT-271).

[0051] (5) Lubrication performance test:

[0052] The lubrication performance of the coating was tested using a friction and wear tester (Tribostudio, Yangzhou University). The average friction coefficient of the original sample and each hydrogel coating was recorded at a friction frequency of 2 Hz using a constant positive pressure of 2 N.

[0053] (6) Corrosion protection performance test:

[0054] An electrochemical workstation (Gamry Interface 1010E) was used to measure the polarization curve of the hydrogel-modified stainless steel electrode in artificial seawater at 25°C using a three-electrode system constructed with a saturated calomel electrode, a platinum electrode, and a hydrogel electrode. The corrosion current density obtained was used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the coating. The evaluation criterion was the degree of reduction in the corrosion current density after coating compared to before coating.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] (1) In 60 o C. Prepare a 50 mg / mL polyvinylpyrrolidone solution at 800 rpm and prepare a 50 wt% solution of polyethyleneimine;

[0057] (2) Prepare polyvinyl pyrrolidone-polyethyleneimine prepolymer in a mass ratio of 10:1, mix thoroughly and evenly, add 10 wt% of sodium polycarboxylate dispersant, and add 1 wt% of micron-sized vanadium pentoxide to the treated prepolymer. After ultrasonic vibration, put it into a spray bottle and name it PVP / PEI / V2O5 prepolymer spray;

[0058] (3) Prepare a 1 M pyrogallol solution, put it into a spray bottle, and name it PG spray;

[0059] (4) Spray PVP / PEI / V2O5 prepolymer spray and PG spray evenly onto an oil-free and water-free stainless steel substrate. After observing flocs covering the substrate, rinse the unreacted material with deionized water.

[0060] See the schematic diagram of the molecular structure of aryl pyrrolidone formed after polyvinyl pyrrolidone absorbs pyrogallol. Figure 2 ; See for schematic diagram of chelation between catechin group and vanadium Figure 3 .

[0061] (5) Repeat step (4) until a hydrogel coating with a thickness of 250 μm is obtained, which is named SS-PG / PVP / PEI / V2O5-1.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] (1) In 60 o C. Prepare a 50 mg / mL polyvinylpyrrolidone solution at 800 rpm and prepare a 50 wt% solution of polyethyleneimine;

[0064] (2) Prepare polyvinyl pyrrolidone-polyethyleneimine prepolymer in a mass ratio of 5:1, mix thoroughly and evenly, add 10 wt% of sodium polycarboxylate dispersant, and add 1 wt% of micron-sized vanadium pentoxide to the treated prepolymer. After ultrasonic vibration, put it into a spray bottle and name it PVP / PEI / V2O5 prepolymer spray;

[0065] (3) Prepare a 1 M pyrogallol solution, put it into a spray bottle, and name it PG spray;

[0066] (4) Spray PVP / PEI / V2O5 prepolymer spray and PG spray evenly onto an oil-free and water-free stainless steel substrate. After observing flocs covering the substrate, rinse the unreacted material with deionized water.

[0067] (5) Repeat step (4) until a hydrogel coating with a thickness of 250 μm is obtained, which is named SS-PG / PVP / PEI / V2O5-2.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] (1) In 60 o C. Prepare a 50 mg / mL polyvinylpyrrolidone solution at 800 rpm and prepare a 50 wt% solution of polyethyleneimine;

[0070] (2) Prepare polyvinyl pyrrolidone-polyethyleneimine prepolymer in a mass ratio of 2:1, mix thoroughly and add 10 wt% of sodium polycarboxylate dispersant, and add 1 wt% of micron-sized vanadium pentoxide to the treated prepolymer. After ultrasonic vibration, put it into a spray bottle and name it PVP / PEI / V2O5 prepolymer spray;

[0071] (3) Prepare a 1 M pyrogallol solution, put it into a spray bottle, and name it PG spray;

[0072] (4) Spray PVP / PEI / V2O5 prepolymer spray and PG spray evenly onto an oil-free and water-free stainless steel substrate. After observing flocs covering the substrate, rinse the unreacted material with deionized water.

[0073] (5) Repeat step (4) until a hydrogel coating with a thickness of 250 μm is obtained, which is named SS-PG / PVP / PEI / V2O5-3.

[0074] Table 1 Performance characteristics of spray-coated double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating

[0075]

[0076] As shown in Table 1, the spray-on hydrogel coating prepared according to the formulation of Example 1 of the present invention has the lowest swelling rate, so that the coating does not increase in weight due to excessive water absorption in seawater.

[0077] The antifouling performance test of the original sample and Example 1 is as follows Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4As can be seen in the figure, a large number of bacteria and algae adhere to the surface of the original stainless steel sample, while the hydrogel coating has an inhibition rate of over 99% on the surface of the microorganisms. This is due to the synergistic effect of pyrogallol, polyethyleneimine, and vanadium pentoxide, which inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

[0078] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the spray-coated hydrogel coating prepared by the formulation in Example 1 of the present invention has the smallest friction coefficient and can play a role in drag reduction;

[0079] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the spray-on hydrogel coating prepared by the formulation in Example 1 of the present invention has the highest tensile modulus, which can reduce the creep of the coating under seawater erosion;

[0080] As shown in Table 1, the spray-on hydrogel coating prepared by the formulation of Example 1 of the present invention has a strong wet adhesion, and the critical pressure for completely peeling off the coating reaches 29.98N.

[0081] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the spray-coated hydrogel coating prepared by the formulation of Example 1 of the method of the present invention has the effect of reducing the surface corrosion current density.

[0082] Comparative Example 1

[0083] (1) In 60 o C. Prepare a 50 mg / mL polyvinylpyrrolidone solution at 800 rpm and prepare a 50 wt% solution of polyethyleneimine;

[0084] (2) Prepare polyvinyl pyrrolidone-polyethyleneimine prepolymer at a mass ratio of 10:1 and name it PVP / PEI prepolymer spray;

[0085] (3) Prepare a 1 M pyrogallol solution, put it into a spray bottle, and name it PG spray;

[0086] (4) Spray PVP / PEI prepolymer spray and PG spray evenly onto an oil-free and water-free stainless steel substrate in sequence. After observing flocs covering the substrate, rinse the unreacted material with deionized water.

[0087] (5) Repeat step (4) until a hydrogel coating with a thickness of 250 μm is obtained, named SS-PG / PVP / PEI;

[0088] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example does not add vanadium pentoxide, and the other conditions are the same as those of Example 1.

[0089] It was observed that the obtained hydrogel had low tensile strength and excessively high swelling ratio;

[0090] The coating was observed to have a growth inhibitory effect on bacteria and a weaker growth inhibitory effect on diatoms.

[0091] Comparative Example 2

[0092] (1) In 60 o C. Prepare a 50 mg / mL polyvinylpyrrolidone solution at 800 rpm, put it into a spray bottle and name it PVP spray;

[0093] (2) Prepare a 1 M pyrogallol solution, put it into a spray bottle, and name it PG spray;

[0094] (3) Spray PVP spray and PG spray evenly on the oil-free and water-free stainless steel substrate in sequence. After observing flocs covering the substrate, rinse the unreacted substances with deionized water;

[0095] (4) Repeat step (4) until a hydrogel coating with a thickness of 250 μm is obtained, which is named SS-PG / PVP.

[0096] Compared with Example 1, polyethyleneimine and vanadium pentoxide were not added in this comparative example, and the other contents were the same as those in Example 1.

[0097] It was observed that the coating was difficult to form and did not adhere well to the stainless steel substrate;

[0098] It was observed that the sprayed substrate had a weak inhibitory effect on bacterial and algal growth.

[0099] Comparative Example 3

[0100] (1) In 60 o C. Prepare a 50 mg / mL polyvinylpyrrolidone solution at 800 rpm and prepare a 50 wt% solution of polyethyleneimine;

[0101] (2) Prepare polyvinyl pyrrolidone-polyethyleneimine prepolymer in a mass ratio of 10:1, mix thoroughly and evenly, add 10 wt% of sodium polycarboxylate dispersant, and add 1 wt% of micron-sized vanadium pentoxide to the treated prepolymer. After ultrasonic vibration, put it into a spray bottle and name it PVP / PEI / V2O5 prepolymer spray;

[0102] (3) Spray the PVP / PEI / V2O5 prepolymer spray evenly onto an oil-free and water-free stainless steel substrate. After observing flocs covering the substrate, rinse the unreacted material with deionized water.

[0103] (4) Repeat step (3) until a polymer coating with a thickness of 250 μm is obtained, which is named SS-PVP / PEI / V2O5.

[0104] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example does not add pyrogallol, and the other contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0105] No flocculent hydrogel formation was observed, and the resulting coating was readily soluble in water after drying;

[0106] It was observed that the sprayed substrate had a weak inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria and coccolithophores, but a strong inhibitory effect on diatoms.

[0107] Comparative Example 4

[0108] (1) In 60 o C. Prepare a 50 mg / mL polyvinylpyrrolidone solution at 800 rpm;

[0109] (2) adding 10 wt% of sodium polycarboxylate dispersant to the polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution prepared in (1), and adding 1 wt% of micron-sized vanadium pentoxide to the treated prepolymer, and then ultrasonically vibrating the mixture to obtain a spray bottle, which is named PVP / V2O5 prepolymer spray;

[0110] (3) Prepare a 1 M pyrogallol solution, put it into a spray bottle, and name it PG spray;

[0111] (4) Spray PVP / V2O5 prepolymer spray and PG spray evenly onto an oil-free and water-free stainless steel substrate. After observing flocs covering the substrate, rinse the unreacted material with deionized water.

[0112] (5) Repeat step (4) until a hydrogel coating with a thickness of 250 μm is obtained, which is named SS-PG / PVP / V2O5.

[0113] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example does not add polyethyleneimine, and the other contents are the same as those in Example 1.

[0114] It was observed that vanadium pentoxide particles were difficult to adhere, the resulting coating cracked after drying, and had weak inhibitory effects on bacterial and algal growth.

[0115] Comparative Example 5

[0116] (1) In 60 o C. Prepare a 50 mg / mL polyvinylpyrrolidone solution at 800 rpm;

[0117] (2) Add 10 wt% of sodium polycarboxylate dispersant to the prepared polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution, and add 1 wt% of micron-sized vanadium pentoxide to the treated prepolymer. After ultrasonic vibration, the mixture is poured into a spray bottle and named as PVP / V2O5 prepolymer spray;

[0118] (3) Evenly spray the PVP / V2O5 prepolymer spray onto an oil-free and water-free stainless steel substrate and dry it;

[0119] (4) Repeat step (3) until a hydrogel coating with a thickness of 250 μm is obtained, which is named SS-PVP / V2O5;

[0120] Compared with Example 1, pyrogallol and polyethyleneimine were not added in this comparative example, and the other conditions were the same as those in Example 1.

[0121] No flocculent hydrogel formation was observed, and the resulting coating was prone to cracking;

[0122] The sprayed substrate has no growth inhibitory effect on bacteria and algae.

[0123] Comparative Example 6

[0124] (1) In 60 o C. Prepare a 50 mg / mL polyvinylpyrrolidone solution at 800 rpm;

[0125] (2) spraying the polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution in step (1) evenly onto an oil-free and water-free stainless steel substrate and drying;

[0126] (3) Repeat step (2) until a polyvinylpyrrolidone coating with a thickness of 250 μm is obtained, which is named SS-PVP.

[0127] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example does not add pyrogallol, polyethyleneimine and vanadium pentoxide, and the other ingredients are the same as those in Example 1.

[0128] No flocculent hydrogel formation was observed;

[0129] The sprayed substrate has no growth inhibitory effect on bacteria and algae.

[0130] Comparative Example 7

[0131] (1) In 60 o C. Prepare a 50 mg / mL polyvinylpyrrolidone solution at 800 rpm and prepare a 50 wt% solution of polyethyleneimine;

[0132] (2) Prepare polyvinyl pyrrolidone-polyethyleneimine prepolymer at a mass ratio of 10:1 and name it PVP / PEI prepolymer spray;

[0133] (3) Spray the PVP / PEI prepolymer spray evenly onto an oil-free and water-free stainless steel substrate and dry it;

[0134] (4) Repeat step (3) until a hydrogel coating with a thickness of 250 μm is obtained, which is named SS-PVP / PEI.

[0135] No flocculent hydrogel formation was observed;

[0136] The sprayed substrate has no growth inhibitory effect on bacteria and algae.

[0137] Table 2 Performance characteristics of antifouling coating

[0138]

[0139] In summary, the spray-on double-crosslinked hydrogel coating of the present invention has stable antifouling and drag-reducing properties under humid conditions. The synergistic effect of pyrogallol, polyethyleneimine and vanadium pentoxide inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

[0140] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of these should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a spray-type double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating, characterized in that: include, Pre-treat the spraying substrate to obtain an oil-free and water-free working surface; The polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution and the polyethyleneimine solution are uniformly mixed to obtain a prepolymer, and a dispersant is added to obtain a mixture; The mixture is mixed with vanadium pentoxide and placed into a spray bottle to obtain a prepolymer spray; The prepolymer spray and the pyrogallol spray are sequentially sprayed onto the surface of the substrate, and the resulting flocculent coating is the double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The spraying substrate is pretreated, include, The substrate surface was cleaned with acetone, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in sequence to obtain an oil-free and water-free substrate to be sprayed.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The substrate includes common marine facility surface materials such as cast iron, stainless steel and aluminum alloy.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The molecular weight of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone is not less than 1,300,000, and the concentration of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution is 50 mg / mL.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The molecular weight of the polyethyleneimine is 1800, and the concentration of the polyethyleneimine solution is 50 wt %.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine solution to the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution is 1:10, 1:5 or 1:

2.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The dispersant includes sodium polycarboxylate, the mass ratio of the dispersant to the prepolymer is 1:5-10, and the vanadium pentoxide accounts for 0.5-1wt% of the mixture.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The particle size of the vanadium pentoxide is no more than 5 μm, and the concentration of the pyrogallol solution is no less than 1M.

9. A spray-on double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the spray-on double-crosslinked hydrogel antifouling coating according to claim 9 in antifouling and drag reduction on the surface of marine facilities.

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