A harmful gas filtering device and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of gas filtration, and specifically discloses a harmful gas filtering device and method, including a filter box, a nozzle, an activated carbon plate and a filter screen, and also including a guide mechanism, an extrusion mechanism and a sponge. The filter screen, the nozzle, the guide mechanism, the sponge, the extrusion mechanism and the activated carbon plate are arranged in the filter box and are arranged in sequence from the air inlet to the air outlet of the filter box. The extrusion mechanism includes a plurality of sealing plates arranged above the sponge at equal intervals and a driving component 2 for driving the sealing plates to move. In a closed state, there is no gap between the sealing plates. At this time, the sealing plates move toward the filter screen, so that the sealing plates and the guide mechanism squeeze the sponge. The present invention is conducive to the separation of harmful components in the gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gas filtering, and in particular to a harmful gas filtering device and method. Background Art

[0002] Harmful gases refer to gases that have adverse effects on the health of humans or animals, or gases that have no effect on the health of humans and animals but make humans or animals feel uncomfortable and affect their comfort. These gases can come from industrial production, transportation, domestic combustion, agricultural fertilization, natural volcanic eruptions and other sources, such as hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide and other gases. These components in harmful gases can be removed by water absorption, so harmful gases need to be treated by equipment before they can be discharged.

[0003] A Chinese patent application document with publication number CN214680995U discloses a harmful gas treatment device for environmental protection engineering, including a spray chamber and a filter box, wherein a nozzle is arranged in the spray chamber for spraying water mist outward to absorb some harmful components in the gas, and the filter box is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a fan, a filter screen and an activated carbon plate, and the activated carbon plate is used to filter and adsorb the harmful gas to remove the remaining harmful parts in the harmful gas. The harmful gas first passes through the filter screen, and the filter screen first filters the large particles of impurities in the harmful gas, and then enters the spray chamber. The nozzle in the spray chamber sprays water mist to absorb the water-soluble components in the harmful gas, and then the harmful gas passes through the activated carbon plate to filter and adsorb the harmful gas. After filtering and adsorption, the gas is discharged through the air outlet of the filter box.

[0004] In the above technology, harmful gases will enter the spray chamber for water washing after passing through the filter. After working for a period of time, in order to ensure the smoothness and filtering function of the filter plate during use, the staff needs to manually remove the filter plate for cleaning, which affects the treatment efficiency of harmful gases. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a harmful gas filtering device, aiming to solve the problem in the related art that workers need to manually remove the filter plate for cleaning, which affects the treatment efficiency of the harmful gas.

[0006] A harmful gas filtering device of the present invention comprises a filter box, a nozzle, an activated carbon plate and a filter screen, and is characterized in that it also comprises a guide mechanism, an extrusion mechanism and a sponge. The filter screen, the nozzle, the guide mechanism, the sponge, the extrusion mechanism and the activated carbon plate are arranged in the filter box along the direction from the air inlet to the air outlet of the filter box. The extrusion mechanism is installed in the filter box for sliding up and down. A driving component 1 for driving the extrusion mechanism to rise and fall is arranged in the filter box. The guide mechanism has a plurality of channels. The extrusion mechanism comprises a plurality of sealing plates arranged above the sponge at equal intervals and a driving component 2 for driving the sealing plate to move, so as to control the sealing plate to switch to an open state or a closed state. In the open state, the gas enters the air outlet through the gap between the sealing plates. In the closed state, there is no gap between the sealing plates. At this time, the sealing plate moves toward the filter screen, so that the sealing plate and the guide mechanism squeeze the sponge.

[0007] The effect is that the water in the sponge is squeezed out and discharged downwards through the squeezing component and the guide component, and the water in the sponge is used to clean the filter. There is no need to add additional pipes to clean the filter, and there is no need to disassemble the filter for cleaning.

[0008] Preferably, a frame 1 is slidably installed up and down in the filter box, and the guide mechanism includes a frame 2 slidably installed on the frame 1 and a plurality of guide plates hinged on the frame 2 at equal intervals, the gaps between the guide plates constitute a channel, and the bottom of the sponge is provided with dividing grooves at equal intervals for forming a comb-shaped bottom of the sponge. A driving component 3 for driving the frame 2 to slide on the frame 1 is provided between the frame 1 and the frame 2, and when the frame 2 slides in the frame 1 to align the guide plate with the dividing groove, the squeezed sponge passes through the channel and hits the filter.

[0009] The effect is that after the squeezed sponge passes through the channel and hits the filter, the moisture in the sponge has been squeezed out, so it can absorb the moisture on the back of the filter, preventing the filter from getting wet and causing dust to clump on the surface of the filter, reducing the filtering effect.

[0010] Preferably, a frame three is slidably arranged on the top of the frame one, all sealing plates are hinged in the frame three, the driving assembly three includes a rack fixedly arranged on the frame two, a gear rotatably arranged on the frame one and meshing with the rack, and a mounting rod fixedly arranged on the frame three, the gear is mounted on the frame one through a torsion spring three, and telescopic ratchets meshing with the gear are evenly spaced on the mounting rod. When the frame three approaches the frame two, the telescopic ratchets on the mounting rod retract into the mounting rod and pass over the gear.

[0011] The effect is that, through the cooperation of the gear and the telescopic ratchet, the square frame three can drive the gear to rotate only when it is away from the square frame two.

[0012] Preferably, a push rod is installed on the filter screen, and a slot rod is also provided in the filter box. The push rod is inserted into the slot rod, a tension spring is provided between the push rod and the slot rod, a ring is sleeved on the push rod, the ring is installed on the square frame one, and a boss is provided at the upper end of the square frame one to prevent the square frame three from detaching from the square frame one, a compression spring is installed between the ring and the filter screen, and a telescopic block one is provided between the ring and the slot rod, and the telescopic block one is used to block the movement of the ring in the slot rod in the direction away from the filter screen.

[0013] Preferably, a telescopic block 2 is provided on the push rod, a trapezoidal block for blocking the telescopic block 2 and a limit block located below the trapezoidal block are provided in the slot rod, the angle between the upper waist of the trapezoidal block and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the lower waist and the horizontal plane, and the limit block is used to prevent the telescopic block 2 from moving downward.

[0014] Preferably, a water tank is installed on the square frame 1, a water inlet is provided on the water tank, a connecting flow channel is provided between the water tank and the guide plate, the water outlet of the flow channel is provided on the guide plate, and a torsion spring 2 is installed at the hinge of the guide plate to keep the channel open. When the guide plate abuts against the filter screen, the guide plate will be squeezed by the filter screen and rotate to close the channel, thereby allowing the water squeezed out of the sponge to enter the water tank. When the limit assembly fails, the filter screen moves away from the guide plate under the push of the push rod, thereby opening the channel.

[0015] The effect is that the gaps between the guide plates are blocked, so that the water in the sponge is stored in the water storage tank, which makes it easier to spray the water out quickly and improve the cleaning effect.

[0016] Preferably, an energy storage plate is installed in the water tank, a second compression spring is installed between the energy storage plate and the water tank, and a one-way valve for preventing water from flowing out of the water tank is installed in the water inlet on the water tank.

[0017] Preferably, the second driving assembly includes a connecting rod hinged to all the sealing plates and an inclined surface located on the flow guide mechanism for contacting the connecting rod. When the three-way flow guide mechanism of the square frame approaches, the connecting rod slides along the inclined surface to rotate and close the multiple sealing plates.

[0018] Preferably, a collection box is slidably installed in the filter box, and the collection box is located below the filter screen and is used to collect dust on the filter screen.

[0019] The effect is that the collection box is arranged at the lower side of the filter, and impurities can be stored in the collection box, which is convenient for cleaning.

[0020] On the other hand, the present invention further provides a filtering method of a harmful gas filtering device, wherein the filtering method of the harmful gas filtering device uses the harmful gas filtering device described in any one of the above preferred technical solutions, and the method of using the harmful gas filtering device comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1. Start the fan to inhale harmful gases into the filter box from the air inlet;

[0022] S2. The filter screen performs preliminary filtration of harmful gases, the nozzle moistens the gas, the sponge dries the gas, and the activated carbon plate adsorbs the remaining harmful substances in the gas. When the filter screen is gradually clogged, the squeezing mechanism squeezes out the water in the sponge to backwash the filter screen;

[0023] S3. The gas is discharged from the outlet.

[0024] The effect is that the large particles of impurities in the gas can be filtered first, and then the water-soluble part of the gas is absorbed by water. The used water does not contain large particles of impurities, so when the filter is backwashed with the used water, the filter can be cleaned.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] The water in the sponge is squeezed out and discharged downwards through the squeezing component and the guide component, and the water in the sponge is used to backwash the filter below. There is no need to manually disassemble and clean the filter, which improves the treatment efficiency of harmful gases. After the sponge dries the gas, water will be stored inside. When cleaning the filter, the water in the sponge is used to clean the filter, which can save water resources, simplify the equipment structure, and does not require additional water tanks and additional water-absorbing sponge cleaning mechanisms. The filter is first soaked from the back of the filter to make the dust on the lower surface of the filter condense into blocks first, and then the energy storage mechanism pops the filter downward to vibrate the filter, shaking off the dust on the lower surface of the filter, and then the guide plate is pressed against the filter from above and the filter is backwashed, which can make the filter cleaner. When the guide component is reset, the lower end of the sponge will be ejected outward first, so that the sponge is pressed against the surface of the filter, and the filter is dried to prevent the filter from being relatively wet, causing the dust to condense into blocks on the lower surface of the filter during subsequent filtration, thereby reducing the filtering effect of the filter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of .

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the filter screen and the extrusion assembly of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the water storage tank of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the slot rod and the push rod of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of .

[0034] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the square frame 1, the square frame 2 and the square frame 3 of the present invention.

[0035] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the collecting box of the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] 1. Filter box; 11. Collection box; 12. Clean water tank; 13. Cleaning door; 2. Nozzle; 3. Activated carbon plate; 4. Guide mechanism; 41. Frame 2; 42. Guide plate; 43. Rack; 44. Gear; 45. Ring; 5. Extrusion mechanism; 51. Sealing plate; 52. Frame 3; 53. Mounting rod; 54. Connecting rod; 6. Filter screen; 61. Push rod; 62. Telescopic block 2; 7. Sponge; 8. Frame 1; 81. Water tank; 82. Water inlet; 83. Energy storage plate; 9. Slot rod; 91. Telescopic block 1; 92. Trapezoidal block; 93. Limit block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the harmful gas filtering device of the present invention comprises a filter box 1, a nozzle 2, an activated carbon plate 3 and a filter screen 6. The filter box 1 is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a fan, a guide mechanism 4, a squeezing mechanism 5 and a sponge 7. The fan is arranged at the air inlet, the air inlet is located at the side of the box body near the lower end, the air outlet is located at the top of the box body, an "L"-shaped pipe for the circulation of harmful gases is arranged in the box body from the air inlet to the air outlet, and the filter screen 6, the nozzle 2, the guide mechanism are arranged in sequence from bottom to top in the vertical section of the "L"-shaped pipe. 4, sponge 7, extrusion mechanism 5 and activated carbon plate 3, the filter screen 6 filters the large particles of impurities in the harmful gas, and the impurities remain on the bottom surface of the filter screen 6. A clean water tank 12 connected to the nozzle 2 is arranged on the left side of the vertical section of the "L"-shaped pipeline. The clean water tank 12 is used to supply water to the nozzle 2. The nozzle 2 is composed of a plurality of atomizing nozzles surrounding the inner wall of the "L"-shaped pipeline, which is used to moisten the harmful gas, so that the water-soluble components in the harmful gas are dissolved in the water and collected by the sponge 7 above. The sponge 7 is used to dry the gas.

[0040] like Figure 2-Figure 8As shown, a plurality of rectangular frames are also provided in the "L"-shaped pipe, in which a square frame 8 is installed for sliding up and down movement, and the flow guide mechanism 4 comprises a square frame 41 installed for sliding left and right movement on the square frame 8 and a plurality of flow guide plates 42 hinged at equal intervals between two opposite inner sides of the square frame 41, when two adjacent flow guide plates 42 are not in contact with each other, the flow guide plates 42 are in an open state, and the gap between the two adjacent flow guide plates 42 constitutes a passage for the gas and the water in the sponge 7 to pass through, and a torsion spring 2 is installed at the hinge between the square frame 41 and the flow guide plate 42, and the torsion spring 2 is used to open the flow guide plate 42.

[0041] like Figure 2-Figure 8 As shown, a water storage tank 81 is installed on the frame 1 8, and a water inlet 82 is opened on the side of the water storage tank 81 facing the sponge 7, an energy storage plate 83 is installed in the water storage tank 81, and a compression spring 2 is installed between the energy storage plate 83 and the water storage tank 81. A one-way valve for preventing water from flowing out of the water storage tank 81 is installed in the water inlet 82 on the water storage tank 81, and a communicating flow channel is provided between the water storage tank 81 and the guide plate 42, and the water outlet of the flow channel is opened on the guide plate 42 at the opposite end of the hinge of the guide plate 42, and the hinge of the guide plate 42 is provided with a one-way valve for preventing water from flowing out of the water storage tank 81. The channel is kept open by the torsion spring 2. When the guide plate 42 abuts against the filter 6, the guide plate 42 will be squeezed by the filter 6 and rotate to close the channel, so that the water outlet is blocked by the adjacent guide plate 42 and cannot flow out, thereby causing the water squeezed out of the sponge 7 to enter the water tank 81. When the limit assembly fails, the filter 6 moves away from the guide plate 42 under the push of the push rod 61, so that the torsion spring 2 drives the guide plate 42 to rotate to open the channel. When the water outlet is no longer blocked, the water in the water tank 81 sprays out.

[0042] like Figure 2-Figure 8 As shown, the squeezing mechanism 5, the sponge 7, the guide mechanism 4 and the filter 6 form a harmful gas treatment unit, and the multiple harmful gas treatment units are arranged side by side in the "L"-shaped pipeline. The squeezing mechanism 5 is installed in the "L"-shaped pipeline for sliding up and down. A driving component 1 for driving the squeezing mechanism 5 to lift and lower is also provided on the rectangular frame. The driving component 1 includes a motor 1 fixedly installed on the frame and a screw installed at the output end of the motor 1. A square frame 3 52 matched with the screw thread is installed on the screw. The square frame 3 52 is installed in the square frame 1 8 for sliding up and down. A boss is provided at the upper end of the square frame 1 8 to prevent the square frame 3 52 from detaching from the frame 1 8. A plurality of equally spaced sealing plates 51 are hinged between two opposite sides on the inner side of the square frame 3 52. A torsion spring 1 is installed at the hinge of the sealing plate 51 to make the sealing plate 51 rotate without contacting each other. A driving component 2 for controlling the synchronous rotation of the sealing plate 51 is provided between the multiple sealing plates 51.

[0043] The flow guide mechanism 4 has a plurality of channels for gas and water in the sponge 7 to pass through. The squeezing mechanism 5 includes a plurality of sealing plates 51 arranged at equal intervals above the sponge 7 and a driving assembly 2 for driving the sealing plates 51 to move. The driving assembly 2 includes a connecting rod 54 hinged to all the sealing plates 51 and an inclined surface located on the water storage tank 81 for contacting the connecting rod 54. When the block 3 52 approaches the flow guide mechanism 4, the connecting rod 54 drives the plurality of sealing plates 51 to rotate and close under the action of the inclined surface. Thus, the sealing plates 51 are controlled to switch to an open state or a closed state. In the open state, the gas enters the gas outlet through the gaps between the sealing plates 51. In the closed state, there is no gap between the sealing plates 51. At this time, the sealing plates 51 move toward the filter screen 6, so that the sealing plates 51 and the flow guide mechanism 4 squeeze the sponge 7. The top of the sponge 7 is completely closed, and the water in the sponge 7 passes through the channel on the flow guide mechanism 4 and falls downward on the filter screen 6, so as to realize the backwashing of the filter screen 6.

[0044] like Figure 2-Figure 8 As shown, the sponge 7 is located between the second frame 41 and the third frame 52, the upper end of the sponge 7 is fixedly connected to the third frame 52, and the bottom of the sponge 7 is evenly spaced with dividing grooves for forming a comb-shaped bottom of the sponge 7, a rack 43 is installed on the short side of the second frame 41, and a gear 44 meshing with the rack 43 is rotatably installed on the side of the first frame 8 close to the rack 43, and the gear 44 is installed on the first frame 8 through a torsion spring three, and a mounting rod 53 is installed on the side of the third frame 52 close to the rack 43, and telescopic ratchets meshing with the gear 44 are evenly spaced on the mounting rod 53. When the third frame 52 approaches the second frame 41, the telescopic ratchets on the mounting rod 53 shrink into the mounting rod 53 and pass over the gear 44. When the third frame 52 moves away from the second frame 41, the second frame 41 slides in the first frame 8 to align the guide plate 42 with the groove, and the squeezed sponge 7 passes through the channel and abuts against the filter 6.

[0045] like Figure 2-Figure 8As shown, a frame 2 for installing a filter screen 6 is also provided below the frame 1, and the filter screen 6 is slidably installed in the frame 2 up and down, a push rod 61 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the filter screen 6, a collar 45 is sleeved on the push rod 61, and the collar 45 is fixedly installed on the square frame 1 8, and a slot rod 9 is fixedly installed between the two diagonals on one side of the long end of the frame 1 and the frame 2, and a circular hole groove is provided in the slot rod 9, and the lower end of the circular hole groove passes through the upper end and is closed, and the push rod 61 is penetrated in the slot rod 9, and a sliding groove for the sliding of the collar 45 is provided on the side of the slot rod 9 close to the guide plate 42, and a tension spring is provided between the push rod 61 and the slot rod 9, and the two ends of the tension spring are respectively connected to the upper end of the circular hole groove and the upper end of the push rod 61 A compression spring is installed between the collar 45 and the filter screen 6, and a telescopic block 91 is arranged between the collar 45 and the slot rod 9. The surface of the telescopic block 91 is a spherical surface. A spring 1 is arranged between the telescopic block 91 and the slot rod 9 in the slide groove. When the collar 45 moves downward, the telescopic block 91 contracts inward so that the collar 45 moves to the bottom of the telescopic block 91. When the collar 45 moves upward, the telescopic block 91 blocks the collar 45 and then blocks the frame 8 from moving upward, until the frame 3 52 slides to the top in the frame 8 and the frame 3 52 pushes the frame 8 to move upward synchronously, and then the collar 45 squeezes the telescopic block 91 into the slide groove so that the frame 8 can continue to move upward.

[0046] like Figure 2-Figure 7 As shown, a telescopic block 62 is provided on the push rod 61, and a spring 2 is installed between the telescopic block 62 and the push rod 61. A trapezoidal block 92 for blocking the telescopic block 62 and a limit block 93 located below the trapezoidal block 92 are provided in the slot rod 9. The angle between the upper waist of the trapezoidal block 92 and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the lower waist and the horizontal plane. The resistance of the trapezoidal block 92 to block the telescopic block 62 from moving downward is greater than the resistance to block the telescopic block 62 from moving upward. The limit block 93 is used to block the telescopic block 62 from moving downward.

[0047] like Figure 2-Figure 9 As shown, the inner wall of the gas circulation pipe below the filter 6 is provided with a groove for the collection box 11 to slide thereon, and the collection box 11 is used to collect dust on the filter 6. A motor is arranged inside the collection box 11 for driving the collection box 11 to slide in the groove, and an absorbent cotton strip is arranged on the side of the collection box 11 close to the filter 6. When the collection box 11 passes through the surface of the filter 6, the absorbent cotton strip can wipe the lower surface of the filter 6, and a cleaning door 13 is arranged on the side of the filter box 1 away from the air inlet for taking out and cleaning the collection box 11.

[0048] Specific working principle: First, start the fan to inhale harmful gas into the gas flow pipe. The harmful gas is first filtered by the filter 6, then washed by the nozzle 2, and then dried by the sponge 7. Finally, it is adsorbed by the activated carbon plate 3 and discharged from the air outlet. After working for a period of time, a lot of dust accumulates on the lower surface of the filter 6. At this time, start the motor 2 to drive the collection box 11 to move to the bottom of the filter 6 on the far right, and then start the motor 1 to drive the box 3 52 to move downward. The sealing plate 51 of the box 3 52 is first moved under the action of the inclined surface. The sponge 7 is swung down and closed, so that the top of the sponge 7 is sealed. At the same time, the frame 3 52 squeezes the sponge 7 and then squeezes the frame 1 8 to move downward. Since the frame 1 8 moves downward, the compression spring will be stored. Therefore, the frame 3 52 squeezes the sponge 7 and gradually approaches the frame 2 41. After the sponge 7 is squeezed, the internal moisture will be squeezed out and fall down along the guide plate 42 onto the filter 6, so that the dust on the lower surface of the filter 6 condenses into blocks. When the telescopic block 2 62 is blocked by the trapezoidal block 92, the guide plate 42 will be close to the upper surface of the filter 6. At this time, the water squeezed out of the sponge 7 The second telescopic block 62 will enter the water storage tank 81. When the telescopic block 62 breaks through the limit of the trapezoidal block 92, the compression spring drives the push rod 61 to pop up quickly downward. When the telescopic block 62 hits the limit block 93, it will stop moving quickly, thereby causing the filter 6 to vibrate, so that the dust on the lower surface of the filter 6 is shaken off. At the same time, the filter 6 will be separated from the guide plate 42, and then the guide plate 42 will rotate and open under the action of the torsion spring 2. The water in the water storage tank 81 is pushed by the energy storage plate 83 to quickly spray out through the nozzle on the guide plate 42 to wash the filter 6. At the same time, the ring 4 5 will pass over the telescopic block 1 91. When the motor 1 drives the frame 3 52 to move upward, the gear 44 will drive the frame 2 41 to slide in the frame 1 8, thereby aligning the guide plate 42 with the dividing groove at the lower end of the sponge 7. At this time, the lower end of the sponge 7 in a compressed state will pass through the channel between the two guide plates 42 and pop outward to press on the filter 6 to wipe off the residual water on the upper surface of the filter 6. When the frame 3 52 is blocked by the boss, it will drive the water tank 81 and then drive the frame 1 8 to move upward and reset, and the tension spring will drive the push rod 61 to reset upward.

[0049] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A harmful gas filtering device, comprising a filter box, a nozzle, an activated carbon plate and a filter screen, characterized in that: It also includes a guide mechanism, an extrusion mechanism and a sponge. The filter screen, the nozzle, the guide mechanism, the sponge, the extrusion mechanism and the activated carbon plate are arranged in the filter box along the direction from the air inlet to the air outlet of the filter box. The extrusion mechanism is installed in the filter box for sliding up and down. A driving component 1 for driving the extrusion mechanism to rise and fall is arranged in the filter box. The guide mechanism has a plurality of channels. The extrusion mechanism includes a plurality of sealing plates arranged above the sponge at equal intervals and a driving component 2 for driving the sealing plate to move, so as to control the sealing plate to switch to an open state or a closed state. In the open state, the gas enters the air outlet through the gap between the sealing plates. In the closed state, there is no gap between the sealing plates. A square frame 1 is installed in the filter box for sliding up and down movement, and the flow guide mechanism includes a square frame 2 slidably installed on the square frame 1 and a plurality of flow guide plates hinged on the square frame 2 at equal intervals, the gaps between the flow guide plates form a channel, and the bottom of the sponge is provided with separation grooves at equal intervals for forming a comb-shaped bottom of the sponge. A driving component 3 for driving the frame 2 to slide on the frame 1 is provided between the square frame 1 and the frame 2, and when the frame 2 slides in the frame 1 so that the flow guide plate is aligned with the separation groove, the squeezed sponge passes through the channel and abuts against the filter screen; A frame 3 is slidably mounted on the top of the frame 1, and all sealing plates are hinged in the frame 3. The driving assembly 3 includes a rack fixedly mounted on the frame 2, a gear rotatably mounted on the frame 1 and meshing with the rack, and a mounting rod fixedly mounted on the frame 3. The gear is mounted on the frame 1 through a torsion spring 3. Telescopic ratchets meshing with the gear are mounted at equal intervals on the mounting rod. When the frame 3 approaches the frame 2, the telescopic ratchets on the mounting rod are retracted into the mounting rod and pass over the gear. A push rod is installed on the filter screen, and a slot rod is also provided in the filter box. The push rod is inserted into the slot rod, and a tension spring is provided between the push rod and the slot rod. A collar is sleeved on the push rod, and the collar is installed on the square frame 1. A boss is provided on the upper end of the square frame 1 to prevent the square frame 3 from being separated from the square frame 1. A compression spring is installed between the collar and the filter screen, and a telescopic block 1 is provided between the collar and the slot rod. The telescopic block 1 is used to block the movement of the collar in the slot rod in a direction away from the filter screen; The push rod is provided with a telescopic block 2, a trapezoidal block for blocking the telescopic block 2 and a limit block located below the trapezoidal block are provided in the slot rod, the angle between the upper waist of the trapezoidal block and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the lower waist and the horizontal plane, and the limit block is used to block the telescopic block 2 from moving downward; A water storage tank is installed on the first frame, and a water inlet is provided on the water storage tank. A communicating flow channel is provided between the water storage tank and the guide plate, and a water outlet of the flow channel is provided on the guide plate. A second torsion spring is installed at the hinge of the guide plate to keep the channel open. When the guide plate abuts against the filter screen, the guide plate will be squeezed by the filter screen and rotate to close the channel, thereby allowing the water squeezed out of the sponge to enter the water storage tank. When the limit assembly fails, the filter screen moves away from the guide plate under the push of the push rod, thereby opening the channel. An energy storage plate is installed in the water storage tank, a compression spring is installed between the energy storage plate and the water storage tank, and a one-way valve is installed in the water inlet of the water storage tank to prevent water from flowing out of the water storage tank; The second driving assembly includes a connecting rod hinged to all the sealing plates and an inclined surface located on the flow guide mechanism for contacting the connecting rod. When the flow guide mechanism of the square frame approaches, the connecting rod slides along the inclined surface to rotate and close the multiple sealing plates. Start the fan to inhale harmful gases into the gas flow pipe. The harmful gases are first filtered through the filter, then washed with water through the nozzle, dried with the sponge, and finally adsorbed by the activated carbon plate and discharged from the gas outlet. When a lot of dust accumulates on the lower surface of the filter, first start motor 2 to drive the collection box to move to the bottom of the filter on the far right, and then start motor 1 to drive frame 3 to move downward. The sealing plate of frame 3 first swings downward and closes under the action of the inclined surface to seal the top of the sponge. At the same time, frame 3 will squeeze the sponge and then squeeze frame 1 to move downward. The downward movement of frame 1 will store energy for the compression spring, so frame 3 will squeeze the sponge and gradually approach frame 2. The squeezed sponge and its internal moisture will fall down along the guide plate on the filter. The dust on the filter will condense into blocks when it meets water. When telescopic block 2 is blocked by the trapezoidal block, the guide plate will be close to the upper surface of the filter. At this time, the water squeezed out of the sponge will enter the water storage tank. When telescopic block 2 breaks through the limit of the trapezoidal block, the compression spring drives the push rod to pop up quickly downward. After the telescopic block 2 hits the limit block, it will stop moving quickly, thereby causing the filter to vibrate and shake off the dust on the lower surface of the filter. At the same time, the filter will be separated from the guide plate, and then the guide plate will rotate and open under the action of the torsion spring 2. The water in the water tank is sprayed out from the nozzle under the push of the energy storage plate to flush the filter. At the same time, the ring will pass over the telescopic block 1. When the motor 1 drives the frame 3 to move upward, the gear will drive the frame 2 to slide in the frame 1, thereby aligning the guide plate with the dividing groove at the lower end of the sponge. At this time, the lower end of the sponge in a compressed state will pass through the channel between the two guide plates and pop out to press against the filter to wipe off the residual water on the upper surface of the filter. When the frame 3 is blocked by the boss, it will drive the water tank and then drive the frame 1 to move upward and reset, and the tension spring will drive the push rod to reset upward.

2. A harmful gas filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A collection box is slidably installed in the filter box. The collection box is located below the filter screen and is used to collect dust on the filter screen.

3. A filtering method of a harmful gas filtering device, using a harmful gas filtering device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the following steps: S1. Start the fan to inhale harmful gases into the filter box from the air inlet; S2. The filter screen performs preliminary filtration of harmful gases, the nozzle moistens the gas, the sponge dries the gas, and the activated carbon plate adsorbs the remaining harmful substances in the gas. When the filter screen is gradually clogged, the squeezing mechanism squeezes out the water in the sponge to backwash the filter screen; S3. The gas is discharged from the outlet.

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