A high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed and its use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-efficiency bionic energy storage and conversion packed bed and a method for using the same. The high-efficiency bionic energy storage and conversion packed bed of the present invention comprises a tank structure, a heat transfer fluid, a particle stacking layer and a leaf vein particle layer, wherein the leaf vein particle layer comprises a main vein particle layer, a primary vein layer, a secondary vein layer and a tertiary vein layer. The invention divides and stacks the heat storage filler by imitating the leaf vein structure: the packed bed particle filler is first stacked in layers, and on this basis, the leaf vein particle layer is used to guide and drain to achieve structural optimization, and finally the physical properties of the stacked materials in the particle stacking layer and the leaf vein particle layer are comprehensively regulated to obtain the optimal economic benefits and heat storage efficiency. The design method uses a multi-objective optimization method to achieve the highest energy storage and conversion efficiency of the bionic packed bed while minimizing the fluid pressure loss, and has a wide range of application scenarios in the fields of solar thermal conversion, industrial waste heat recovery, and liquefied natural gas cold recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and in particular to a high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Thermal energy storage systems can store heat so that it can be converted into electricity or other forms of energy when needed. Among them, packed bed energy storage has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as good heat transfer performance, strong stability, and low unit energy storage cost. It plays an important role in the fields of solar thermal conversion, industrial waste heat recovery, and liquefied natural gas cold recovery.

[0003] There are already some patents that explore and protect this type of packed bed technology. For example, the patent "A Packed Bed Heat Storage Device" (201811023037.0) uses positive or staggered cell channels to improve the uniformity of the distribution of the heat transfer fluid inside the packed bed; the patent "Rotating Packed Bed" (201280008362.4) arranges two packed beds on the same rotatable axis to absorb gas in the liquid or desorb gas from the liquid, which requires less energy to operate compared to the known rotating packed bed; the patent "A Packed Bed Heat Storage Device and Preparation Method of Heat Storage Balls" (201810187553.0) arranges large-diameter heat storage balls on the upper layer of the device and small-diameter heat storage balls on the lower layer, comprehensively considering the two important evaluation indicators of heat storage devices, heat storage rate and heat storage density, and obtains the best combination of heat storage ball diameters in the packed bed through optimization design, so that the heat storage device has the best heat storage performance.

[0004] These existing patents either provide methods for improving the flow resistance of the packed bed or provide technical support for the heat storage performance. Few patents can provide a device and method for comprehensively regulating the two. In order to break through the inherent problems and limitations of traditional packed beds, many researchers have drawn inspiration from biological structures, such as bionic leaf veins, bionic alveolar structures, and heart-like sheath structures. These bionic structures can achieve the best energy transfer performance with minimal flow resistance. The present invention is also inspired by the venation structure of the leaf flesh and veins, and proposes a method for zoning and stacking energy storage fillers using a bionic leaf vein structure, and then comprehensively regulating the stacked materials in the area. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed with high flow field uniformity, high energy storage and conversion efficiency and small fluid pressure loss, and a method of using the same. The bed imitates the leaf vein structure to divide the heat storage filler into zones and stack them, and then comprehensively regulates the stacked materials in the zone to achieve improved thermal performance, optimized expansion of the heat transfer area and homogenization of the heat and mass transfer process of the packed bed.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed, the high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed comprising a tank structure, a particle stacking layer and a leaf vein particle layer arranged inside the tank structure, and a heat transfer fluid capable of entering and exiting the tank structure;

[0008] The tank structure comprises a tank barrel, a first inlet and outlet arranged at the bottom of the tank barrel, and a second inlet and outlet arranged at the top of the tank barrel;

[0009] The particle stacking layer and the leaf vein particle layer are evenly spaced inside the tank, and both the particle stacking layer and the leaf vein particle layer are filled with fillers;

[0010] The high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed includes: energy charging process, energy storage process and energy release process when in use;

[0011] The charging process: the heat transfer fluid flows into the bionic packed bed from the first inlet and outlet at the bottom, directly contacts the fillers in the bionic packed bed, transfers its own heat and cold energy to the fillers, and flows out from the second inlet and outlet at the top of the bionic packed bed;

[0012] In the energy storage process, there is no heat transfer fluid entering or exiting, the bionic packed bed itself dissipates cold energy or heat energy to the outside through the outer protective structure, and at the same time, the packing transfers cold or heat between each other;

[0013] The energy release process is as follows: the heat transfer fluid flows into the bionic packed bed from the second inlet and outlet at the top, directly contacts the fillers in the bionic packed bed, absorbs heat and cold energy from the fillers, and flows out from the first inlet and outlet at the bottom of the bionic packed bed.

[0014] Furthermore, the tank structure also includes a first diffuser and collector area arranged at the lower end of the tank barrel, and a second diffuser and collector area arranged at the upper end of the tank barrel; the first diffuser and collector area is arranged between the first inlet and outlet and the tank barrel, and the second diffuser and collector area is arranged between the second inlet and outlet and the tank barrel; the first diffuser and collector area and the second diffuser and collector area both play the role of diffuser and collector of heat transfer fluid, and the first diffuser and collector area and the second diffuser and collector area here can be provided with a uniform distributor, including a plate type, a drum type, a tube type, an annular type, etc.

[0015] A support screen is also provided between the bottom of the tank and the first diffuser and collector area, and the support screen is used to support the weight of the particle stacking layer and the leaf vein particle layer;

[0016] The outer wall of the tank is provided with a heat-insulating layer, and the heat-insulating layer plays a role of heat preservation.

[0017] Furthermore, the heat transfer fluid can enter and exit the bionic packed bed through the first inlet and outlet and the second inlet and outlet, and can remain in the bed body of the bionic packed bed; the heat transfer fluid is high-temperature or low-temperature air, water, heat transfer oil or molten salt, etc.

[0018] Further, the particle stacking layer includes a first particle stacking layer, a second particle stacking layer, a third particle stacking layer and a fourth particle stacking layer; the first particle stacking layer, the second particle stacking layer, the third particle stacking layer and the fourth particle stacking layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;

[0019] The first particle stacking layer, the second particle stacking layer, the third particle stacking layer and the fourth particle stacking layer are filled with different particle fillers, wherein the particle fillers here include different types and sizes of particles, such as different thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, diameter, surface roughness, etc.; the particle fillers are sensible heat materials, phase change materials or thermochemical energy storage materials. The particle fillers mainly play the role of energy storage, and preferably are stones such as basalt, granite, marble, etc.

[0020] Furthermore, the leaf vein granular layer includes a main vein granular layer, a primary vein layer, a secondary vein layer and a tertiary vein layer;

[0021] The main vein particle layer is vertically arranged at the center of the tank, and the first vein layer, the second vein layer and the third vein layer are respectively spaced apart from the first particle stacking layer, the second particle stacking layer, the third particle stacking layer and the fourth particle stacking layer from bottom to top;

[0022] The main vein granular layer, the first vein layer, the second vein layer and the third vein layer are filled with fillers of the same kind of particles. The particle fillers mainly play the role of guiding and draining, and are preferably made of basalt, granite, marble and other stones.

[0023] Furthermore, the particle stacking layer is multi-layered, and the layer structure of the leaf vein particle layer is set corresponding to the layer structure of the particle stacking layer. That is, the particle stacking layer here is not limited to 4 layers, but can also be multi-layered, and the distribution structure of the leaf vein particle layer can also increase as the number of layers of the particle stacking layer increases.

[0024] Furthermore, the high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed includes a tank structure, a particle stacking layer arranged inside the tank structure, and a heat transfer fluid that can enter and exit the tank structure. That is, the high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed here can achieve the corresponding design goals without the participation of the leaf vein particle layer, and utilize engineering applications.

[0025] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for using a high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed. Based on the above-mentioned high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed, the method includes comprehensively regulating the particle size, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the layer filler, and using a multi-objective optimization method to make the bionic packed bed have the highest energy storage and conversion efficiency and the fluid pressure loss is also small. Taking low-temperature energy storage as an example, the method includes:

[0026] Cold charging process: low-temperature air enters the bionic packed bed through the first inlet and outlet, flows evenly to the supporting screen through the first diffuser and collector area, and passes through the first particle stacking layer, the first vein layer, the second particle stacking layer, the second vein layer, the third particle stacking layer, the third vein layer and the fourth particle stacking layer in the tank in turn. At this time, the main vein particle layer plays a guiding and drainage role. Finally, the low-temperature air transfers cold energy to each layer of particles and stays in the bed. After becoming hot, it is collected by the second diffuser and collector area and flows out from the second inlet and outlet;

[0027] Cold storage process: At this time, there is no active air inflow and outflow in the bionic packed bed. The bionic packed bed itself dissipates cold energy to the outside through the outer protective structure. At the same time, the cold energy is transferred between the fillers, and the bionic packed bed structure plays a suppressive role.

[0028] Cooling process: Normal temperature air enters the bionic packed bed through the second inlet and outlet, flows evenly to the particle layer in the tank through the second diffuser and collector area, and passes through the fourth particle stacking layer, the third vein layer, the third particle stacking layer, the second vein layer, the second particle stacking layer, the first vein layer and the first particle stacking layer in turn. At this time, the main vein particle layer plays a role in guiding and draining. Finally, the normal temperature air absorbs cold energy from each layer of particles, and after cooling, it is collected by the first diffuser and collector area and flows out from the first inlet and outlet.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention adopts a leaf vein bionic stacking structure design, in which the leaf vein layer particles have a guiding and drainage function, have good heat transfer performance, promote the piston flow of the heat transfer fluid, and improve the charging and discharging efficiency of the packed bed.

[0031] 2. The present invention adopts a particle stacking layered structure design, which, through its special geometric shape and arrangement, inhibits the internal heat energy transfer of the filler during the energy storage stage.

[0032] 3. The present invention adopts a comprehensive control method for stacking physical properties to optimize the parameter matching with the best performance for the physical properties of the stacking materials, effectively reducing the packed bed space and energy storage costs, thereby obtaining higher economic benefits and energy storage efficiency.

[0033] 4. The present invention adopts multiple types of stacking materials, which has a wider operating temperature adjustment range than a single heat storage filler, improves the flexibility of the packed bed, and improves the applicability of the traditional packed bed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Middle AA section view;

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Middle BB section view;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a comparison diagram of the performance curves before and after optimization of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 100-tank structure, 101-first inlet and outlet, 102 first diffuser and collector area, 103-support screen, 104-tank, 105-insulation layer, 106-second diffuser and collector area, 107-second inlet and outlet, 200-heat transfer fluid, 300-particle stacking layer, 301-first particle stacking layer, 302-second particle stacking layer, 303-third particle stacking layer, 304-fourth particle stacking layer, 400-vein particle layer, 401-main vein particle layer, 402-first vein layer, 403-second vein layer, 404-third vein layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0041] The present invention draws inspiration from the venation structure of the leaf veins with spaced intervals, and proposes a method for zoning and stacking heat storage fillers by imitating the leaf vein structure: the packed bed particle fillers are first stacked in layers, and then the leaf vein particle layer is used to guide and drain to achieve structural optimization, and finally the physical properties of the particle stacking layer and the stacked materials in the leaf vein particle layer are comprehensively regulated to obtain the optimal economic benefits and heat storage efficiency.

[0042] In the first embodiment of the present invention:

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed comprises a tank structure 100, a particle stacking layer 300 and a leaf vein particle layer 400 arranged inside the tank structure 100, and a heat transfer fluid 200 that can enter and exit the tank structure 100;

[0044] The tank structure 100 includes a tank barrel 104, a first inlet 101 disposed at the bottom of the tank barrel 104, and a second inlet 107 disposed at the top of the tank barrel 104;

[0045] The particle stacking layer 300 and the leaf vein particle layer 400 are evenly spaced and arranged inside the can 104, and both the particle stacking layer 300 and the leaf vein particle layer 400 are filled with fillers;

[0046] The high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed includes: energy charging process, energy storage process and energy release process when in use;

[0047] The charging process: the heat transfer fluid flows into the bionic packed bed from the first inlet and outlet at the bottom, directly contacts the fillers in the bionic packed bed, transfers its own heat and cold energy to the fillers, and flows out from the second inlet and outlet at the top of the bionic packed bed;

[0048] In the energy storage process, there is no heat transfer fluid entering or exiting, the bionic packed bed itself dissipates cold energy or heat energy to the outside through the outer protective structure, and at the same time, the packing transfers cold or heat between each other;

[0049] The energy release process is as follows: the heat transfer fluid flows into the bionic packed bed from the second inlet and outlet at the top, directly contacts the fillers in the bionic packed bed, absorbs heat and cold energy from the fillers, and flows out from the first inlet and outlet at the bottom of the bionic packed bed.

[0050] Specifically, the tank structure 100 further includes a first flow dispersing and collecting area 102 disposed at the lower end of the tank barrel 104, and a second flow dispersing and collecting area 106 disposed at the upper end of the tank barrel; the first flow dispersing and collecting area 102 is disposed between the first inlet and outlet 101 and the tank barrel 104, and the second flow dispersing and collecting area 106 is disposed between the second inlet and outlet 107 and the tank barrel 104; the first flow dispersing and collecting area 102 and the second flow dispersing and collecting area 106 both play the role of dispersing and collecting the heat transfer fluid. In actual application, a uniform distributor can be disposed on the first flow dispersing and collecting area 102 and the second flow dispersing and collecting area 106, including a plate type, a drum type, a tube type, an annular type, etc.

[0051] A support screen 103 is also provided between the bottom of the tank 104 and the first diffuser and collector area 102, and the support screen 103 is used to support the weight of the particle stacking layer 300 and the leaf vein particle layer 400;

[0052] The outer wall of the tank 104 is provided with a heat-insulating layer 105 , and the heat-insulating layer 105 plays a role of heat preservation.

[0053] Specifically, the heat transfer fluid 200 can enter and exit the bionic packed bed through the first inlet and outlet 101 and the second inlet and outlet 108, and can remain in the bed body of the bionic packed bed; the heat transfer fluid 200 is high-temperature or low-temperature air, water, heat transfer oil or molten salt, etc.

[0054] Specifically, the particle stacking layer 300 includes a first particle stacking layer 301, a second particle stacking layer 302, a third particle stacking layer 303 and a fourth particle stacking layer 304; the first particle stacking layer 301, the second particle stacking layer 302, the third particle stacking layer 303 and the fourth particle stacking layer 304 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;

[0055] The first particle stacking layer 301, the second particle stacking layer 302, the third particle stacking layer 303 and the fourth particle stacking layer 304 are filled with different particle fillers, wherein the particle fillers here include different types and sizes of particles, such as different thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, diameter, surface roughness, etc.; the particle fillers are sensible heat materials, phase change materials or thermochemical energy storage materials. The particle fillers mainly play the role of energy storage, and preferably are stones such as basalt, granite, marble, etc.

[0056] Specifically, the leaf vein granular layer 400 includes a main vein granular layer 401, a first vein layer 402, a second vein layer 403 and a third vein layer 404;

[0057] The main vein particle layer 401 is vertically arranged at the center of the tank 104, and the first vein layer 402, the second vein layer 403 and the third vein layer 404 are respectively spaced apart from the first particle stacking layer 301, the second particle stacking layer 302, the third particle stacking layer 303 and the fourth particle stacking layer 304 from bottom to top;

[0058] The main vein granular layer 401, the first vein layer 402, the second vein layer 403 and the third vein layer 404 are filled with fillers of the same kind of particles. The particle fillers mainly play the role of guiding and draining, and are preferably made of basalt, granite, marble and other stones.

[0059] Specifically, the particle stacking layer 300 is multi-layered, and the layer structure of the leaf vein particle layer 400 is set corresponding to the layer structure of the particle stacking layer 300. That is, the particle stacking layer here is not limited to 4 layers, but can also be multi-layered, and the distribution structure of the leaf vein particle layer can also increase as the number of layers of the particle stacking layer increases.

[0060] In the second embodiment of the present invention:

[0061] The high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed comprises a tank structure 100, a particle stacking layer 300 arranged inside the tank structure 100, and a heat transfer fluid 200 that can enter and exit the tank structure 100. That is, the high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed here can achieve the corresponding design goals without the participation of the leaf vein particle layer, and utilize engineering applications.

[0062] In this embodiment, other structures are the same as those in the first embodiment.

[0063] A method for using a high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed is based on the above-mentioned high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed, including comprehensive regulation of the particle size, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the layer zone filler, and the use of a multi-objective optimization method to make the bionic packed bed have the highest energy storage and conversion efficiency and the smallest fluid pressure loss.

[0064] The specific distribution of the filler in the high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the filling material at the center of the layer area is the main vein particle layer 401 filling material, and the filling material at the concentric ring is the particle stacking layer 300 filling material. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the filler at the center of the layer area is the secondary vein granular layer filler, which is evenly and tightly distributed in the cross section. Figure 2 , Figure 3 is an example, and the other top-view cross-sectional views are similar to its shape and structure, the only difference is the different filler particle properties.

[0065] Taking low-temperature energy storage as an example, the use method of the high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed includes:

[0066] Cold charging process: low-temperature air enters the bionic packed bed through the first inlet and outlet 101, flows evenly to the supporting screen 103 through the first diffuser and collector area 102, and passes through the first particle stacking layer 301, the first vein layer 402, the second particle stacking layer 302, the second vein layer 403, the third particle stacking layer 303, the third vein layer 404 and the fourth particle stacking layer 304 in the cylinder 104 in turn. At this time, the main vein particle layer 401 plays a role in guiding and draining. Finally, the low-temperature air transfers cold energy to each layer of particles and stays in the bed. After becoming hot (i.e., at room temperature), it is collected by the second diffuser and collector area 106 and flows out from the second inlet and outlet 107;

[0067] Cold storage process: At this time, there is no active air inflow and outflow in the bionic packed bed. The bionic packed bed itself dissipates cold energy to the outside through the outer protective structure. At the same time, the cold energy is transferred between the fillers, and the bionic packed bed structure plays a suppressive role.

[0068] Cooling process: Normal temperature air enters the bionic packed bed through the second inlet and outlet 107, flows evenly to the particle layer in the can 104 through the second diffuser collecting area 106, and passes through the fourth particle stacking layer 304, the third vein layer 404, the third particle stacking layer 303, the second vein layer 403, the second particle stacking layer 302, the first vein layer 402 and the first particle stacking layer 301 in turn. At this time, the main vein particle layer 401 plays a role in guiding and draining. Finally, the normal temperature air absorbs cold energy from each layer of particles and becomes cold (normal temperature air absorbs cold energy and becomes cold to about -170°C. In fact, in the cooling stage, the cold air transfers the cold energy to the packed bed, and when the cold energy is gone, it becomes normal temperature and leaves the packed bed; in the cooling stage, normal temperature air flows in from another opening of the packed bed, and the cold particles in the packed bed cool the air, and the cold air flows out again), and then is collected by the first diffuser collecting area 102 and flows out from the first inlet and outlet 101.

[0069] Among them, Figure 4 As shown, the charging efficiency η ch It is the ratio of the heat ( / cold) retained in the bed during the charging process to the difference between the heat ( / cold) at the inlet and outlet during the charging process: Energy release efficiency η dis It is the ratio of the heat ( / cold) released during the energy release process to the cold retained in the bed before the energy release process:

[0070] Thermal efficiency η t It is the ratio of the difference between the inlet and outlet heat ( / cold) during the energy release process to the difference between the inlet and outlet heat ( / cold) during the energy charging process: Efficiency η ex It is the heat transfer fluid in the inlet and outlet during the energy release process. Difference and heat transfer fluid inlet and outlet during charging process Difference ratio (income With payment Ratio of):

[0071] In summary, the present invention divides and stacks the heat storage filler by imitating the leaf vein structure: the packed bed particle filler is first stacked in layers, and on this basis, the leaf vein particle layer is used to guide and drain to achieve structural optimization, and finally the physical properties of the particle stacking layer and the stacked material in the leaf vein particle layer are comprehensively regulated to obtain the optimal economic benefit and heat storage efficiency. This design method uses a multi-objective optimization method to achieve the highest energy storage and conversion efficiency of the bionic packed bed while minimizing fluid pressure loss, and has a wide range of application scenarios in the fields of solar thermal conversion, industrial waste heat recovery, and liquefied natural gas cold recovery.

[0072] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and changes can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and changes are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed, characterized in that: The high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed comprises a tank structure (100), a particle stacking layer (300) and a leaf vein particle layer (400) arranged inside the tank structure (100), and a heat transfer fluid (200) capable of entering and exiting the tank structure (100); The tank structure (100) comprises a tank barrel (104), a first inlet and outlet (101) arranged at the bottom of the tank barrel (104), and a second inlet and outlet (107) arranged at the top of the tank barrel (104); The particle stacking layer (300) and the leaf vein particle layer (400) are evenly spaced and arranged inside the can (104), and both the particle stacking layer (300) and the leaf vein particle layer (400) are filled with fillers; The high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed includes: energy charging process, energy storage process and energy release process when in use; The charging process: the heat transfer fluid flows into the bionic packed bed from the first inlet and outlet (101) at the bottom, directly contacts the fillers in the bionic packed bed, transfers its own heat and cold energy to the fillers, and flows out from the second inlet and outlet (107) at the top of the bionic packed bed; In the energy storage process, there is no heat transfer fluid entering or exiting, the bionic packed bed itself dissipates cold energy or heat energy to the outside through the outer protective structure, and at the same time, the packing transfers cold or heat between each other; The energy release process: the heat transfer fluid flows into the bionic packed bed from the second inlet and outlet (107) at the top, directly contacts the fillers in the bionic packed bed, absorbs heat and cold energy from the fillers, and flows out from the first inlet and outlet (101) at the bottom of the bionic packed bed; The particle stacking layer (300) comprises a first particle stacking layer (301), a second particle stacking layer (302), a third particle stacking layer (303) and a fourth particle stacking layer (304); the first particle stacking layer (301), the second particle stacking layer (302), the third particle stacking layer (303) and the fourth particle stacking layer (304) are arranged in sequence from bottom to top; The first particle stacking layer (301), the second particle stacking layer (302), the third particle stacking layer (303) and the fourth particle stacking layer (304) are filled with different particle fillers, and the particle fillers are sensible heat materials, phase change materials or thermochemical energy storage materials; The leaf vein granular layer (400) comprises a main vein granular layer (401), a first vein layer (402), a second vein layer (403) and a third vein layer (404); The main vein particle layer (401) is vertically arranged at the center of the tank barrel (104), and the first vein layer (402), the second vein layer (403) and the third vein layer (404) are respectively arranged in intervals with the first particle stacking layer (301), the second particle stacking layer (302), the third particle stacking layer (303) and the fourth particle stacking layer (304) from bottom to top; The main vein particle layer (401), the first vein layer (402), the second vein layer (403) and the third vein layer (404) are filled with fillers of the same kind of particles.

2. The high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tank structure (100) further comprises a first flow dispersion and collection area (102) provided at the lower end of the tank barrel (104), and a second flow dispersion and collection area (106) provided at the upper end of the tank barrel; the first flow dispersion and collection area (102) is provided between the first inlet and outlet (101) and the tank barrel (104), and the second flow dispersion and collection area (106) is provided between the second inlet and outlet (107) and the tank barrel (104); the first flow dispersion and collection area (102) and the second flow dispersion and collection area (106) both play the role of dispersing and collecting the heat transfer fluid; A support screen (103) is also provided between the bottom of the tank barrel (104) and the first diffuser and collector area (102), wherein the support screen (103) is used to support the weight of the particle stacking layer (300) and the leaf vein particle layer (400); The outer wall of the tank barrel (104) is provided with a heat-insulating layer (105), and the heat-insulating layer (105) plays a role in heat preservation.

3. The high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat transfer fluid (200) can enter and exit the bionic packed bed through the first inlet and outlet (101) and the second inlet and outlet (107), and can remain in the bed body of the bionic packed bed; the heat transfer fluid (200) is high-temperature or low-temperature air, water, heat transfer oil or molten salt.

4. The high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle stacking layer (300) is multi-layered, and the layer structure of the leaf vein particle layer (400) is arranged corresponding to the layer structure of the particle stacking layer (300).

5. A method for using a high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed, based on the high-efficiency energy storage and conversion bionic packed bed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, taking low-temperature energy storage as an example, the method for using comprises: Cold charging process: low-temperature air enters the bionic packed bed through the first inlet and outlet (101), flows evenly toward the supporting screen (103) through the first diffuser and collector area (102), and passes through the first particle stacking layer (301), the first vein layer (402), the second particle stacking layer (302), the second vein layer (403), the third particle stacking layer (303), the third vein layer (404) and the fourth particle stacking layer (304) in the cylinder (104) in sequence. At this time, the main vein particle layer (401) plays a guiding and drainage role. Finally, the low-temperature air transfers cold energy to each layer of particles and remains in the bed. After becoming hot, it is collected by the second diffuser and collector area (106) and flows out from the second inlet and outlet (107); Cold storage process: At this time, there is no active air inflow and outflow in the bionic packed bed. The bionic packed bed itself dissipates cold energy to the outside through the outer protective structure. At the same time, the cold energy is transferred between the fillers, and the bionic packed bed structure plays a suppressive role. Cooling process: Normal temperature air enters the bionic packed bed through the second inlet and outlet (107), flows evenly to the particle layer in the cylinder (104) through the second diffuser and collector area (106), and passes through the fourth particle stacking layer (304), the third vein layer (404), the third particle stacking layer (303), the second vein layer (403), the second particle stacking layer (302), the first vein layer (402) and the first particle stacking layer (301) in sequence. At this time, the main vein particle layer (401) plays a role in guiding and draining. Finally, the normal temperature air absorbs cold energy from each layer of particles, and after cooling, it is collected by the first diffuser and collector area (102) and flows out from the first inlet and outlet (101).

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