An in-situ testing device and method for dynamic acoustic emission of an electromagnetic rail launcher

Abstract

The invention discloses an in-situ test device and method for dynamic acoustic emission of an electromagnetic rail launch device, which relates to the technical field of electromagnetic rail launch, and comprises an armature, a guide rail, and a support seat, wherein the support seat comprises an upper support seat and a lower support seat which are arranged vertically opposite to each other, and the spacing between the upper support seat and the lower support seat can be adjusted by bolts, the guide rail is arranged vertically between the upper support seat and the lower support seat, an armature is clamped in the guide rail, a plurality of groups of static acoustic emission sensors are arranged along the guide rail, a dynamic acoustic emission sensor is arranged on the armature, and an optical imaging module and an infrared imaging module for photographing the area where the guide rail and the armature are located are arranged outside the guide rail; the invention can collect acoustic signals in the process of current-carrying friction, further obtain the acoustic response characteristics of friction and wear at the hinge-rail interface, and perform "surface morphology-temperature distribution-frequency matching" multi-modal synchronous characterization on the hinge-rail contact interface micro-region, and can comprehensively reveal the current-carrying friction damage mechanism of the hinge-rail interface under the condition of variable magnetic field intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic rail launch, and in particular to an in-situ testing device and method for dynamic acoustic emission of an electromagnetic rail launch device. Background Art

[0002] Electromagnetic rail launch technology can achieve instantaneous high-power conversion between electromagnetic energy and kinetic energy, breaking through the energy and speed limits of traditional launch methods, and can launch heavy-loaded targets at ultra-high speed. The electromagnetic rail launch system has the advantages of high initial velocity, long range, large range of projectile mass, and flexible structure. It can be used in high-energy physics, space launch, super high-speed rail and other fields. Therefore, the safety, reliability and durability of electromagnetic rail launch technology are extremely high. In actual work, the armature used for linear propulsion is the carrier of transient launch under the action of strong magnetic field and electromagnetic force. It is the motion carrier of transient electromagnetic energy-mechanical energy conversion, and it is subject to extreme impact of electromagnetic thermal multi-field coupling and current-carrying sliding friction. At the same time, the parallel fixed rail of the electromagnetic rail launch system is the core structure for transmitting strong current and carrying armature movement. It is subject to the lateral electromagnetic force perpendicular to the direction of armature movement and the friction of the armature-rail interface. The quality of its service performance directly affects the launch performance and work efficiency of the electromagnetic rail launch system. However, the deformation damage mechanism and performance degradation law of key components such as guide rails and armatures under multi-field coupling high-speed current-carrying friction conditions are unclear, and the interface wear resistance needs to be strengthened urgently, which seriously restricts the innovative research and development of the launch system. Therefore, it is proposed to construct an equivalent working condition of the electromagnetic rail launch system and conduct equivalent in-situ tests under conditions close to the service conditions to reveal the armature-rail interface friction failure mechanism and ensure the long-term safe service of the electromagnetic rail launch system.

[0003] Most of the existing tests on the service performance of the friction between the pivot and rail interfaces rely on the dynamic capture of the deformation behavior of the material during the current-carrying friction process by a high-speed camera or the static characterization of a scanning / transmission electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the material under a single static, dynamic or impact load mode can be directly obtained. Combined with the material characterization and analysis technology, the deformation behavior, wear mechanism, fracture mechanism and impact toughness of the material can be studied step by step. However, it is difficult for the traditional test mode to dynamically monitor the continuous evolution of the material microstructure under various loads or physical field conditions, that is, it is impossible to establish the real-time correlation of the material's "environmental conditions-microstructure-service performance". In addition, under actual service conditions, the damage and failure of the rail and armature materials of the electromagnetic rail launch system under the extreme conditions of electromagnetic and thermal multi-field coupling are attributed to the coupling of high-speed interface friction, electromagnetic force, high temperature, etc., and its macroscopic destruction phenomenon is attributed to the dynamic evolution of microscopic defects and microstructures at its surface / interface under the action of multiple external fields. The existing testing technology is limited by a single characterization technology and cannot simultaneously obtain the dynamic mechanical response, temperature distribution and micro-area damage of the material, and no longer meets the above-mentioned test of the service performance of the friction between the pivot and rail interfaces. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a device that can achieve in-situ monitoring and follow-up monitoring purposes under the extreme current-carrying friction conditions of the constructed equivalent multi-physical field coupled pivot-rail interface. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-situ testing device and method for dynamic acoustic emission of an electromagnetic rail launch device, which can realize in-situ acoustic testing of the current-carrying friction damage mechanism of the pivot-rail interface of the electromagnetic rail launch under the condition of variable magnetic field intensity. The acoustic signal in the current-carrying friction process is collected by a dynamic and static collaborative acoustic emission in-situ testing unit, and the acoustic response characteristics of the friction and wear of the pivot-rail interface are obtained after further spectrum analysis. In combination with the in-situ monitoring module, the "surface morphology-temperature distribution-frequency matching" multi-modal synchronous characterization of the micro-area of ​​the pivot-rail contact interface is carried out, so as to reveal the current-carrying friction damage mechanism of the pivot-rail interface under the condition of variable magnetic field intensity.

[0005] In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0006] Provided is an in-situ test device for dynamic acoustic emission of an electromagnetic rail launcher, comprising an armature, a guide rail, a support seat, bolts, an optical imaging module, an infrared imaging module, a static acoustic emission sensor, a dynamic acoustic emission sensor, and a control module, wherein the support seat comprises an upper support seat and a lower support seat, the upper support seat is arranged directly above the lower support seat at an interval, and a plurality of groups of bolts respectively connected to the upper support seat and the lower support seat are arranged between the upper support seat and the lower support seat, so that the spacing between the upper support seat and the lower support seat can be adjusted by the bolts;

[0007] The guide rail comprises an upper guide rail and a lower guide rail arranged at intervals, the upper guide rail is arranged on an upper support seat, the lower guide rail is arranged on a lower support seat, and the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are kept parallel on a vertical plane, a plurality of groups of static acoustic emission sensors distributed along the upper guide rail are detachably arranged at intervals on the upper guide rail, and a plurality of groups of static acoustic emission sensors distributed along the lower guide rail are detachably arranged at intervals on the lower guide rail;

[0008] The armature is arranged on the guide rail, and the armature contacts the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail respectively, so that the armature can form a conductive path with the guide rail, and the armature can slide along the guide rail, and a dynamic acoustic emission sensor is detachably arranged on the armature;

[0009] An optical imaging module for obtaining optical imaging of the area where the armature and the guide rail are located, and an infrared imaging module for obtaining infrared imaging of the area where the armature and the guide rail are located are arranged outside the support seat;

[0010] A control module is also provided outside the support seat, and the control module is respectively communicatively connected with the guide rail, the optical imaging module, the infrared imaging module, the static acoustic emission sensor, and the dynamic acoustic emission sensor.

[0011] An implementation manner of the present invention is that the armature is a saddle-shaped armature, the top surface and the bottom surface of which are parallel to each other and contact the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the dynamic acoustic emission sensors are arranged on both sides of the armature.

[0013] An implementation manner of the present invention is that the multiple groups of bolts are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the guide rail and are distributed on both sides of the guide rail.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of groups of high-strength springs are arranged at intervals between the upper support seat and the lower support seat. The high-strength springs are distributed on both sides of the guide rail and are alternately arranged in a colinear manner with the bolts.

[0015] An implementation manner of the present invention is that the static acoustic emission sensors are distributed along both sides of the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail respectively.

[0016] An embodiment of the present invention is that the optical imaging module is a high-speed camera, and the high-speed zoom lens range of the camera completely covers the armature and the guide rail.

[0017] An implementation manner of the present invention is that the infrared imaging module is an infrared thermal imager, and its thermal imaging range completely covers the armature and the guide rail;

[0018] In addition, the present invention also provides an in-situ test method for dynamic acoustic emission of an electromagnetic rail launcher, which uses the above device to perform the test, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step S1: According to the magnetic field strength conditions and experimental conditions, the bolt spacing is adjusted to adjust the distance between the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail, and multiple groups of static acoustic emission sensors are evenly arranged on the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail respectively;

[0020] Step S2: an armature is arranged between the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail, and a dynamic acoustic emission sensor is arranged on a side of the armature;

[0021] Step S3: Arrange an optical imaging module and an infrared imaging module outside the support base so that the optical imaging range and the thermal imaging range completely cover the armature and the guide rail, and adjust the measurement parameters according to the experimental requirements;

[0022] Step S4: applying an induced magnetic field to the guide rails to drive the armature to move between the guide rails and execute the electromagnetic emission process. The broadband response of the current-carrying friction at the armature-rail contact interface during the electromagnetic emission process is measured by a static acoustic emission sensor. The concentrated frequency band response of the current-carrying friction at the armature-rail contact interface during the electromagnetic emission process is measured by a dynamic acoustic emission sensor. At the same time, the infrared imaging module collects the temperature distribution changes during the electromagnetic emission process, and the optical imaging module collects the friction surface morphology changes between the armature and the guide rail during the electromagnetic emission process.

[0023] The technical effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. The dynamic acoustic emission in-situ testing device of the electromagnetic track launch device with variable magnetic field strength proposed by the present invention has the characteristics of a wide range of magnetic field strength, a high signal-to-noise ratio, and a wide frequency response range, and the test results are more accurate.

[0025] 2. The present invention can adjust the distance between the guide rails through high-strength springs and long bolts, construct a launch condition with variable magnetic field strength, and has a wide range of applications.

[0026] 3. The present invention collects acoustic signals in the process of current-carrying friction through a dynamic and static collaborative acoustic emission in-situ test unit, obtains the acoustic response characteristics of the friction and wear of the pivot-rail interface after further spectrum analysis, and combines with the in-situ monitoring module to perform "surface morphology-temperature distribution-frequency matching" multi-modal synchronous characterization of the pivot-rail contact interface micro-area, which can fully reveal the current-carrying friction damage mechanism of the pivot-rail interface under the condition of variable magnetic field intensity during the electromagnetic rail launch process, and provides strong support for related research in terms of equipment and methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 is an axonometric schematic diagram of the present invention as a whole;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide rail and the armature in the present invention;

[0030] In the figure, 1-armature, 2-guide rail, 3-support seat, 4-bolt, 5-high-strength spring, 6-optical imaging module, 7-infrared imaging module, 8-static acoustic emission sensor, 9-dynamic acoustic emission sensor, 10-control module, 21-upper guide rail, 22-lower guide rail, 31-upper support seat, 32-lower support seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings.

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Example:

[0034] See also Figure 1 , a dynamic acoustic emission in-situ test device for an electromagnetic rail launch device, comprising an armature 1, a guide rail 2, a support seat 3, bolts 4, an optical imaging module 6, an infrared imaging module 7, a static acoustic emission sensor 8, a dynamic acoustic emission sensor 9, and a control module 10, wherein the support seat 3 comprises an upper support seat 31 and a lower support seat 32, the upper support seat 31 is arranged directly above the lower support seat 32 at intervals, and a plurality of groups of bolts 4 respectively connected to the upper support seat 31 and the lower support seat 32 are arranged between the upper support seat 31 and the lower support seat 32, so that the spacing between the upper support seat 31 and the lower support seat 32 can be adjusted by the bolts 4. By adjusting the spacing between the bolts 4, the spacing between the guide rails 2 can be adjusted and changed, so that the guide rails 2 can achieve close contact with armatures 1 of different sizes, allowing the experimenter to adjust the test object according to the needs, thereby expanding the scope of application of the device. In this embodiment, the plurality of groups of bolts 4 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the guide rail 2, and are distributed on both sides of the guide rail 2, and the bolts 4 are arranged as follows Figure 1The spacing arrangement shown can make the force on both sides of the guide rail 2 more uniform, thereby ensuring the parallel state between the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22. At the same time, a plurality of groups of high-strength springs 5 ​​are arranged between the upper support seat 31 and the lower support seat 32. The high-strength springs 5 ​​are distributed on both sides of the guide rail 2 and are arranged alternately in the same line with the bolts 4. On a straight line, the bolts 4 and the high-strength springs 5 ​​are arranged alternately and continuously in sequence. A total of two straight lines consisting of bolts 4 and high-strength springs 5 ​​are arranged on both sides of the guide rail 2, which further improves the uniformity and stability of the support. When adjusting the distance between the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22, the two can be brought closer more smoothly, avoiding the formation of a gap between the guide rail 2 and the armature 1. Obviously, in order to better achieve the acceleration effect on the armature 1, the upper support seat 31 and the lower support seat 32 should be kept as follows Figure 1 The parallel state shown.

[0035] See also Figure 2 The guide rail 2 includes an upper guide rail 21 and a lower guide rail 22 which are arranged at intervals in a strip shape. The guide rail 2 is a conductor conventionally used in the prior art in this field, wherein the upper guide rail 21 is arranged on an upper support seat 31, and the lower guide rail 22 is arranged on a lower support seat 32, and the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22 remain parallel in a vertical plane. A plurality of groups of static acoustic emission sensors 8 distributed along the upper guide rail 21 are detachably arranged at intervals on the upper guide rail 21, and a plurality of groups of static acoustic emission sensors 8 distributed along the lower guide rail 22 are detachably arranged at intervals on the lower guide rail 22. The detachable structure can be achieved by a conventional bonding method in this field. The armature 1 is arranged on the guide rail 2, which is also a conductor conventionally used in this field. The armature 1 is in contact with the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22 respectively, so that the armature 1, the upper guide rail 21, and the lower guide rail 22 can form a loop with an external power supply, and the induced magnetic field generated by the loop can drive the armature 1 to slide along the guide rail 2, thereby realizing electromagnetic track emission for the armature 1.

[0036] In addition, in addition to being set up in a vertical manner as described above, the guide rail 2 and the support seat 3 can also be set up by arbitrarily rotating the guide rail 2 and the support seat 3 with the motion trajectory of the armature 1 as the axis according to experimental needs, and the positions of other test devices can be adjusted accordingly. For example, the upper support seat 31 and the lower support seat 32, the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22 can be adjusted to be in a horizontal state, thereby expanding the scope of application of the test device.

[0037] The armature 1 may also be detachably provided with a dynamic acoustic emission sensor 9 , and the detachable arrangement method is the same as the arrangement method of the static acoustic emission sensor 8 . When assembling the experimental device, the setting position and number of static and dynamic acoustic emission sensors can be adjusted as needed, thereby expanding the applicable scope of the experiment; in addition, in the present embodiment, the static acoustic emission sensors 8 are respectively distributed along both sides of the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22, and the static acoustic emission sensors are evenly arranged on both sides of the guide rails, and can measure the sound response signal in a wider frequency range, thereby capturing the broadband response of the current-carrying friction of the armature-rail contact interface during the electromagnetic track launch process; at the same time, the armature 1 is a saddle-shaped armature, and by adjusting the spacing between the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22, the top surface and the bottom surface of the armature 1 can be made parallel to each other and contact the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22 respectively, thereby improving the contact effect between the armature 1 and the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22, ensuring the normal operation of the conductive circuit, further ensuring the stability of the induced magnetic field and the smooth progress of the electromagnetic track launch process, and providing stable experimental conditions for the study of the friction between the armature 1 and the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22 during the electromagnetic track launch process. In this embodiment, dynamic acoustic emission sensors 9 are provided on both sides of the armature 1. The symmetrically arranged dynamic acoustic emission sensors can measure the concentrated frequency band response of the current-carrying friction at the armature-rail contact interface during the electromagnetic emission process with higher amplitude response, higher signal-to-noise ratio and higher resonance response.

[0038] See also Figure 1 , an optical imaging module 6 for obtaining optical imaging of the armature 1 and the guide rail 2, and an infrared imaging module 7 for obtaining infrared imaging of the armature 1 and the guide rail 2 are arranged on the outside of the support seat 3. In the present embodiment, the optical imaging module 6 is a high-speed camera, and its high-speed zoom lens range completely covers the armature 1 and the guide rail 2. The infrared imaging module 7 is an infrared thermal imager, and its thermal imaging range completely covers the armature 1 and the guide rail 2. Based on the prior art, it is known that a high-speed zoom lens and an optical lens are installed on the high-speed camera to adjust the focal length and magnification. The infrared thermal imager can adjust the infrared imaging area and can be used to test the temperature distribution and dynamic temperature gradient of the micro-region of the armature-rail contact interface. When the electromagnetic emission experiment is carried out, the high-speed camera can capture the entire contact and friction image of the armature 1 and the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22 during electromagnetic emission, and the infrared thermal imager can collect the heat distribution when the armature 1 is in contact and friction with the upper guide rail 21 and the lower guide rail 22, thereby accurately obtaining the friction state and temperature distribution information during the electromagnetic emission process.

[0039] A control module 10 is also provided on the outside of the support seat 3. The control module 10 is respectively connected to the guide rail 2, the optical imaging module 6, the infrared imaging module 7, the static acoustic emission sensor 8, and the dynamic acoustic emission sensor 9 for controlling the test work of the above test devices and storing the collected image and sound data. The communication connection mode includes a wired communication connection and a wireless communication connection. It can be known from the prior art in the field that the control module 10 can adopt a conventional central control device with an integrated power supply in the field. When a wired communication connection is adopted, the control module 10 can refer to the prior art and add an electrical connection wire to power the test device while controlling the test device, and further control the power supply current by controlling the power supply current. Adjust the magnetic field strength; when wireless communication connection is adopted, the test device can be set to be powered by its own power supply; when the guide rail 2 is connected to the control module 10, the power supply, the armature 1 and the guide rail 2 will form a conductive loop, and an induced magnetic field will be generated to drive the armature 1 to move along the guide rail 2, so as to realize the electromagnetic track emission process. During the emission process, the optical image signal and the infrared thermal imaging signal between the guide rail 2 and the armature 1 are respectively collected by the optical imaging module 6 and the infrared imaging module 7 and then transmitted to the control module 10. The static acoustic emission sensor 8 and the dynamic acoustic emission sensor 9 are used to collect the audio band response signal during the emission process and transmit it to the control module 10. The communication connection mode can be arbitrarily selected according to actual needs.

[0040] The test method based on the dynamic sound in-situ test device of the electromagnetic rail launcher is as follows:

[0041] Step S1: According to the magnetic field strength conditions and experimental conditions, the bolt spacing is adjusted to adjust the distance between the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail, and multiple groups of static acoustic emission sensors are evenly arranged on the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail respectively;

[0042] Step S2: an armature is arranged between the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail, and a dynamic acoustic emission sensor is arranged on a side of the armature;

[0043] Step S3: Arrange an optical imaging module and an infrared imaging module outside the support base so that the optical imaging range and the thermal imaging range completely cover the armature and the guide rail, and adjust the measurement parameters according to the experimental requirements;

[0044] Step S4: applying an induced magnetic field to the guide rails to drive the armature to move between the guide rails and execute the electromagnetic emission process. The broadband response of the current-carrying friction at the armature-rail contact interface during the electromagnetic emission process is measured by a static acoustic emission sensor. The concentrated frequency band response of the current-carrying friction at the armature-rail contact interface during the electromagnetic emission process is measured by a dynamic acoustic emission sensor. At the same time, the infrared imaging module collects the temperature distribution changes during the electromagnetic emission process, and the optical imaging module collects the friction surface morphology changes between the armature and the guide rail during the electromagnetic emission process.

[0045] The static acoustic emission sensor is used to capture the acoustic signal generated by the current-carrying friction at the contact interface of the armature and rail at a fixed point. The acoustic signal is specifically manifested as an elastic wave. The wave velocity of this elastic wave propagating in the medium will be affected by many factors, and the high-frequency part of the signal will decay rapidly with the increase of the propagation distance. Therefore, the static acoustic emission sensor can only perform broadband analysis on the collected signal in most cases; and the dynamic acoustic emission sensor introduced by the present invention on this basis can move with the armature, the position of the elastic wave distance sensor is closer to the test object, and the high-frequency attenuation can be ignored, that is, the dynamic acoustic emission sensor is more sensitive to the high-frequency part, and thus can capture the high-frequency part that cannot be collected by the static acoustic emission sensor. It can be seen that the dynamic and static collaborative in-situ acoustic emission test in the present invention can capture the full-frequency domain response of the contact interface of the armature and rail during the electromagnetic emission process, and better match and reveal the friction damage mechanism.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be pointed out that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc. indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0047] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An in-situ test device for dynamic acoustic emission of an electromagnetic rail launcher, characterized in that: The invention comprises an armature (1), a guide rail (2), a support seat (3), bolts (4), an optical imaging module (6), an infrared imaging module (7), a static acoustic emission sensor (8), a dynamic acoustic emission sensor (9), and a control module (10), wherein the support seat (3) comprises an upper support seat (31) and a lower support seat (32), the upper support seat (31) being arranged directly above the lower support seat (32) with a spacing therebetween, and a plurality of groups of bolts (4) respectively connected to the upper support seat (31) and the lower support seat (32) are arranged between the upper support seat (31) and the lower support seat (32), so that the spacing between the upper support seat (31) and the lower support seat (32) can be adjusted by the bolts (4); The guide rail (2) comprises an upper guide rail (21) and a lower guide rail (22) which are arranged at intervals and are in the shape of a strip. The upper guide rail (21) is arranged on an upper support seat (31), and the lower guide rail (22) is arranged on a lower support seat (32). The upper guide rail (21) and the lower guide rail (22) are kept parallel on a vertical plane. A plurality of groups of static acoustic emission sensors (8) distributed along the upper guide rail (21) are detachably arranged at intervals on the upper guide rail (21), and a plurality of groups of static acoustic emission sensors (8) distributed along the lower guide rail (22) are detachably arranged at intervals on the lower guide rail (22), wherein the static acoustic emission sensors (8) are distributed along both sides of the upper guide rail (21) and the lower guide rail (22). The armature (1) is arranged on the guide rail (2), and the armature (1) is in contact with the upper guide rail (21) and the lower guide rail (22) respectively, so that the armature (1) can form a conductive path with the guide rail (2), and the armature (1) can slide along the guide rail (2), and a dynamic acoustic emission sensor (9) is detachably arranged on the armature (1), wherein the armature (1) is a saddle-shaped armature, and its top surface and bottom surface are parallel to each other and are in contact with the upper guide rail (21) and the lower guide rail (22) respectively, and the dynamic acoustic emission sensor (9) is arranged on both sides of the armature (1); An optical imaging module (6) for obtaining optical imaging of the area where the armature (1) and the guide rail (2) are located, and an infrared imaging module (7) for obtaining infrared imaging of the area where the armature (1) and the guide rail (2) are located are arranged outside the support seat (3); A control module (10) is also provided outside the support base (3), and the control module (10) is communicatively connected to the guide rail (2), the optical imaging module (6), the infrared imaging module (7), the static acoustic emission sensor (8), and the dynamic acoustic emission sensor (9), respectively.

2. The dynamic acoustic emission in-situ testing device of an electromagnetic rail launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple groups of bolts (4) are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the guide rail (2) and are distributed on both sides of the guide rail (2).

3. The dynamic acoustic emission in-situ testing device of an electromagnetic rail launcher according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of high-strength springs (5) are arranged at intervals between the upper support seat (31) and the lower support seat (32); the high-strength springs (5) are distributed on both sides of the guide rail (2) and are arranged alternately in a colinear manner with the bolts (4).

4. The dynamic acoustic emission in-situ testing device of an electromagnetic rail launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical imaging module (6) is a high-speed camera, and the range of its high-speed zoom lens completely covers the armature (1) and the guide rail (2).

5. The dynamic acoustic emission in-situ testing device of an electromagnetic rail launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrared imaging module (7) is an infrared thermal imager, and its thermal imaging range completely covers the armature (1) and the guide rail (2).

6. A dynamic acoustic emission in-situ testing method for an electromagnetic rail launcher, characterized in that: The test is performed using the device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps: Step S1: According to the magnetic field strength conditions and experimental conditions, the bolt spacing is adjusted to adjust the distance between the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail, and multiple groups of static acoustic emission sensors are evenly arranged on the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail respectively; Step S2: an armature is arranged between the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail, and a dynamic acoustic emission sensor is arranged on a side of the armature; Step S3: Arrange an optical imaging module and an infrared imaging module outside the support base so that the optical imaging range and the thermal imaging range completely cover the armature and the guide rail, and adjust the measurement parameters according to the experimental requirements; Step S4: applying an induced magnetic field to the guide rails to drive the armature to move between the guide rails and execute the electromagnetic emission process. The broadband response of the current-carrying friction at the armature-rail contact interface during the electromagnetic emission process is measured by a static acoustic emission sensor. The concentrated frequency band response of the current-carrying friction at the armature-rail contact interface during the electromagnetic emission process is measured by a dynamic acoustic emission sensor. At the same time, the infrared imaging module collects the temperature distribution changes during the electromagnetic emission process, and the optical imaging module collects the friction surface morphology changes between the armature and the guide rail during the electromagnetic emission process, and the dynamic sound generation during the electromagnetic track emission process is tested in situ.

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