A crude oil dehydration apparatus

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, and particularly relates to a crude oil dehydration equipment. The crude oil dehydration equipment comprises a primary separation shell, a cyclone guide is arranged at the lower part of the primary separation shell, crude oil flows from bottom to top in the primary separation shell and generates cyclone after passing through the cyclone guide; a water collecting shell, the primary separation shell is interval type sleeved in the water collecting shell; a secondary separation shell, a plurality of secondary separation shells are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction outside the primary separation shell, an oil collecting pipe is coaxially arranged at the upper part of each secondary separation shell, and a water collecting pipe is arranged at the lower part of each secondary separation shell; a distributor is coaxially arranged at the upper part of the primary separation shell, the distributor connects the inner cavity of the primary separation shell and the inner cavities of the secondary separation shells, and crude oil generates cyclone after flowing into the secondary separation shells through the distributor. The present application is compact, efficient and suitable for large processing capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas extraction technology, specifically, it relates to a crude oil dehydration device. Background Technology

[0002] Most oilfields have entered the development stage with high or even ultra-high water cut, and the water content of the produced fluid from oil wells is gradually increasing.

[0003] Currently, onshore oilfields typically employ multi-stage heating and settling to separate water from crude oil. However, this process suffers from a high proportion of ineffective heating load on the aqueous phase and low energy efficiency in the round-trip transportation system, failing to meet the current development requirements of "synergistic efficiency improvement through pollution reduction and carbon reduction." With the advancement of policies such as green dual-carbon targets, energy conservation and emission reduction requirements for oilfield extraction are becoming increasingly stringent, and the demand for rapid and efficient on-site crude oil dehydration is growing. However, existing crude oil dehydration equipment is mostly horizontal tank equipment with long residence times, which is ill-suited to current needs. Therefore, the improvement and optimization of crude oil dehydration technology is particularly important.

[0004] Gravity separation and cyclone separation are also important methods for crude oil dehydration. Gravity separation has limited separation intensity, making it difficult to meet the requirements for efficient and rapid crude oil dehydration. Cyclone separation has high separation intensity and efficiency, but to ensure separation intensity, it is currently mostly a single-stage, small-capacity model, which has significant limitations in terms of processing capacity and dehydration intensity. There is an urgent need to develop compact, efficient crude oil dehydration equipment that can handle large volumes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems mentioned above, the present invention aims to provide a crude oil dehydration device that is compact, efficient and adaptable to large processing volumes.

[0006] According to the present invention, a crude oil dehydration device is provided, comprising:

[0007] A primary separation shell is provided with a vortex guide at the lower part of the primary separation shell. Crude oil flows from bottom to top in the primary separation shell and swirls after passing through the vortex guide.

[0008] A water collection shell, wherein the primary separation shell is spaced out and fitted inside the water collection shell;

[0009] A secondary separation shell, wherein multiple secondary separation shells are evenly arranged around the outside of the primary separation shell along the circumferential direction, an oil collecting pipe is coaxially fixedly arranged on the upper part of each secondary separation shell, and a water collecting pipe is arranged on the lower part of each secondary separation shell;

[0010] A separator is coaxially mounted on the upper part of the primary separation shell. The separator connects the inner cavity of the primary separation shell to the inner cavities of each secondary separation shell. After the crude oil flows into the secondary separation shell through the separator, it undergoes swirling flow.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the dispenser includes:

[0012] The main tube has its central axis coincident with the central axis of the primary separation shell, and its lower end extends into the primary separation shell.

[0013] Branch pipes, multiple branch pipes are evenly arranged at the upper end of the main pipe along the circumferential direction, and each branch pipe is connected to its corresponding secondary separation shell.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a slanted inlet pipe is spirally provided at the upper end of the secondary separation shell, and the slanted inlet pipe is connected to the branch pipe.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a spiral top plate is provided on the top of the secondary separation shell, and the oblique inlet pipe is connected to the secondary separation shell through the spiral top plate.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, a main inlet pipe is provided penetratingly at the lower part of the water collection shell, and the main inlet pipe is connected to the lower end of the guide vortex via a liquid distributor.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the water collection pipe of each of the secondary separation shells is connected to the water collection shell.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the crude oil dehydration equipment further includes an oil collection shell, and the oil collection pipes of each of the secondary separation shells are connected to the oil collection shell.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, an oil drain pipe is provided at the top of the oil collecting shell, and a guide cylinder that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom is provided inside the oil collecting shell, with the upper end of the guide cylinder being sealed and fixed to the oil collecting shell.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the interface between the oil collecting pipe and the oil collecting shell is located within the height range of the guide tube.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, a flow-stabilizing cone is provided at the inner bottom of the secondary separation shell.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are as follows.

[0023] This invention uses a separator to connect the primary and secondary separation tanks. Water separated in the primary separation tank flows into a collection tank, while oil separated in the primary separation tank flows directly into each of the secondary separation tanks through the separator, where it undergoes further cyclone separation. This invention features a compact structure and high oil-water separation efficiency, overcoming the problems of low efficiency in gravity separation and sedimentation dehydration, and the limitations in processing capacity and dehydration intensity of single-stage cyclone separators. It improves flow field utilization efficiency and achieves highly efficient crude oil dehydration. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 A front view schematic diagram of an embodiment of a crude oil dehydration apparatus according to the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 A top view schematic diagram of an embodiment of a crude oil dehydration apparatus according to the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the dispenser according to the present invention is shown;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the secondary separation shell according to the present invention is shown.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1. Main inlet pipe; 101. Expansion pipe; 102. Liquid distributor;

[0031] 2. Primary separation shell; 201. Rotor guide;

[0032] 3. Secondary separation shell; 301. Inclined inlet pipe; 302. Spiral top plate; 303. Guide cone;

[0033] 4. Dispenser; 401. Main pipe; 402. Branch pipe;

[0034] 5. Partition;

[0035] 6. Oil collecting tank; 601. Oil collecting pipe; 602. Flow guide tube; 603. Oil discharge pipe;

[0036] 7. Water collection shell; 701. Water collection channel; 702. Water collection pipe; 703. Drainage pipe; 704. Water collection area;

[0037] 100. Crude oil dehydration equipment.

[0038] In this application, all drawings are schematic and are used only to illustrate the principles of the invention, and are not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] It should be noted that the directional terms or qualifiers used in this application, such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," refer to the accompanying drawings. They are not used to define the absolute position of the components involved, but can vary depending on the specific circumstances.

[0041] Figure 1The structure of a crude oil dehydration apparatus 100 according to the present invention is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the crude oil dehydration equipment 100 includes a primary separation shell 2, a water collection shell 7, and at least one secondary separation shell 3.

[0042] In this embodiment, the water collection shell 7 is configured as a cylindrical shape with a cavity, and a drain pipe 703 is provided at the bottom end of the water collection shell 7, with the central axis of the drain pipe 703 coinciding with the central axis of the water collection shell 7.

[0043] The primary separation shell 2 is fixedly installed inside the water collection shell 7, and the outer wall dimension of the primary separation shell 2 is smaller than the inner wall dimension of the water collection shell 7. The central axis of the primary separation shell 2 coincides with the central axis of the water collection shell 7, thereby forming a water collection channel 701 between the outer wall of the primary separation shell 2 and the inner wall of the water collection shell 7. In other words, the annular space between the primary separation shell 2 and the water collection shell 7 is the water collection channel 701.

[0044] The first-stage separation shell 2 has openings at both the top and bottom, and there is a gap between the top end of the first-stage separation shell 2 and the top end of the water collection shell 7.

[0045] Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper end of the water collection shell 7 is a partition 5, and there is a gap between the upper end of the primary separation shell 2 and the partition 5.

[0046] There is a gap between the lower end of the primary separation shell 2 and the lower end of the water collection shell 7, thus forming a water collection area 704.

[0047] The drain pipe 703 is connected to the water collection area 704, the water collection area 704 is connected to the water collection channel 701, and the water collection channel 701 is connected to the upper end of the primary separation shell 2.

[0048] According to the present invention, a guide 201 is fixedly provided at the lower end of the primary separation shell 2, a distributor 102 is provided at the lower end of the guide 201, an expansion pipe 101 is connected to the lower end of the distributor 102, and a main inlet pipe 1 is connected to the lower end of the expansion pipe 101. The end of the main inlet pipe 1 away from the distributor 102 extends radially into a water collection shell 7, thereby avoiding interference between the main inlet pipe 1 and the drain pipe 703.

[0049] In this embodiment, the liquid distributor 102 can be a trough-type liquid distributor, a lotus-shaped liquid distributor, or a combined liquid distributor, etc. The guide vane 201 can be a guide vane, an inclined plate, or a spiral tube, etc.

[0050] It is easy to understand that the liquid distributor 102 and the guide swirl device 201 are both existing technologies, and their specific structures are not the technical points of this invention, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0051] In this configuration, crude oil passes through the main inlet pipe 1, then sequentially through the expander pipe 101, the distributor 102, and the vortex guide 201 before entering the primary separation tank 2, where it continuously flows upwards. The vortex guide 201 causes the crude oil to swirl after entering the primary separation tank 2. Under the influence of this swirling flow, the aqueous phase in the crude oil flows to the inner wall of the primary separation tank 2, while the oil phase flows to the center, thus achieving primary oil-water separation.

[0052] In this embodiment, the secondary separation shell 3 is configured as a cylindrical shape with a cavity. Multiple secondary separation shells 3 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the outer side of the primary separation shell 2. Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, there are six secondary separation shells 3, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the primary separation shell 2, and the diameter of each secondary separation shell 3 is smaller than the diameter of the primary separation shell 2.

[0053] According to the present invention, a liquid separator 4 is coaxially fixedly installed on the upper part of the primary separation shell 2. The liquid separator 4 connects the inner cavity of the primary separation shell 2 with the inner cavity of each secondary separation shell 3. After the crude oil flows into the secondary separation shell 3 through the liquid separator 4, it undergoes swirling flow.

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the separator 4 includes a main pipe 401 and multiple branch pipes 402. The diameter of the main pipe 401 is larger than the diameter of the branch pipes 402. Each branch pipe 402 is an arc-shaped pipe, and the multiple branch pipes 402 are evenly arranged at the top of the main pipe 401 along the circumferential direction. The bottom end of each branch pipe 402 is connected to the top end of the main pipe 401, and the upper ends of each branch pipe 402 are dispersed from each other and correspond to each of the secondary separation shells 3.

[0055] The central axis of the main pipe 401 coincides with the central axis of the primary separation shell 2, such as Figure 1 As shown, the main pipe 401 is fixedly mounted on the partition 5 in a penetrating manner, and the lower end of the main pipe 401 extends into the primary separation shell 2, that is, the lower end of the main pipe 401 is lower than the upper end of the primary separation shell 2. Each branch pipe 402 is interconnected with the corresponding secondary separation shell 3.

[0056] In order to generate swirling flow in the crude oil entering the secondary separation shell 3 through each branch pipe 402, in this embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, a slanted inlet pipe 301 is spirally arranged at the upper end of the secondary separation shell 3, and the slanted inlet pipe 301 is connected to the branch pipe 402.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, from a top-down view, the oblique inlet pipe 301 is tangent to the cross-section of the secondary separation shell 3. Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, from the main viewpoint, the oblique inlet pipe 301 is connected to the secondary separation shell 3 in a downward oblique direction.

[0058] In this setup, crude oil flows out from branch pipe 402, enters secondary separation shell 3 through oblique inlet pipe 301, and can generate swirling flow more effectively, thereby enabling secondary separation of crude oil.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, a spiral top plate 302 is provided on the top of the secondary separation shell 3, such as... Figure 4 As shown. The top of the secondary separation shell 3 is set in a spiral shape by a spiral top plate 302. The oblique inlet pipe 301 is connected to the secondary separation shell 3 through the spiral top plate 302, and the oblique inlet pipe 301 and the spiral top plate 302 are tangent at the connection position.

[0060] The spiral top plate 302 allows crude oil to enter the secondary separation shell 3 more smoothly from the inclined inlet pipe 301, enhancing the swirling effect.

[0061] According to the present invention, an oil collecting pipe 601 is fixedly installed through the top of each secondary separation shell 3, and the central axis of the oil collecting pipe 601 coincides with the central axis of the secondary separation shell 3. The lower end of the oil collecting pipe 601 is located inside the secondary separation shell 3, and the upper end of the oil collecting pipe 601 is located outside the secondary separation shell 3.

[0062] A water collection pipe 702 is provided at the lower part of each secondary separation shell 3, and the water collection pipe 702 is connected to the water collection shell 7. Specifically, the central axis of the water collection pipe 702 is perpendicular to the central axis of the water collection shell 7, is evenly distributed along the circumference of the water collection shell 7, and is connected to the water collection area 704.

[0063] The working principle of this invention is as follows.

[0064] After passing through the main inlet pipe 1, the crude oil passes through the distributor 102 and the vortex guide 201 in sequence, and then enters the primary separation tank 2, where it continues to flow upward. The vortex guide 201 causes the crude oil to swirl after entering the primary separation tank 2. Under the action of the swirling flow, the water phase in the crude oil flows to the inner wall of the primary separation tank 2, while the oil phase flows to the center.

[0065] When the water phase in the crude oil flows to the top of the primary separation shell 2, it enters the water collection channel 701 through the gap between the top of the primary separation shell 2 and the partition 5, and then flows down the water collection channel 701 into the water collection area 704, and is finally discharged through the drain pipe 703.

[0066] The oil phase in crude oil is located at the central axis of the primary separation shell 2. As it moves upward, it gradually enters the main pipe 401 of the separator 4, then passes through the branch pipes 402 of the separator 4, and enters the secondary separation shell 3 through the oblique inlet pipes 301.

[0067] The oil phase separated by the primary separation shell 2 still contains some water phase. It can be further reduced by entering the secondary separation shell 3 for cyclone separation.

[0068] The crude oil swirls again inside the secondary separation tank 3, and the aqueous phase flows to the inner wall of the secondary separation tank 3 and to the central axis of the secondary separation tank 3.

[0069] The aqueous phase in the secondary separation shell 3 enters the water collection area 704 through the water collection pipe 702, and is finally discharged through the drain pipe 703.

[0070] The oil phase in the secondary separation shell 3 is discharged through the oil collection pipe 601.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, the crude oil dehydration device 100 further includes an oil collection shell 6, and each oil collection pipe 601 is connected to the oil collection shell 6.

[0072] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the oil collecting shell 6 is a cylindrical shape with a cavity. The oil collecting shell 6 is coaxially fixed at the upper end of the water collecting shell 7, and the lower end of the oil collecting shell 6 is closed by the partition plate 5.

[0073] The main pipe 401 of the separator 4 is fixedly installed on the partition 5. The lower end of the main pipe 401 extends into the primary separation shell 2, and the upper end of the main pipe 401 is located in the oil collecting shell 6. At the same time, each branch pipe 402 extends out from the side wall of the oil collecting shell 6 and then connects to each secondary separation shell 3.

[0074] An oil drain pipe 603 is provided at the top of the oil collecting tank 6, and the central axis of the oil drain pipe 603 coincides with the central axis of the oil collecting tank 6.

[0075] Inside the oil collecting tank 6, there is a guide tube 602 that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The upper end of the guide tube 602 is sealed and fixed to the oil collecting tank 6. Specifically, the guide tube 602 consists of an upper conical tube and a lower cylindrical tube, and the diameter of the cylindrical tube is equal to the diameter of the lower end of the conical tube.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, the interface between the oil collecting pipe 601 and the oil collecting shell 6 is located within the height range of the guide tube 602.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the maximum diameter of the guide tube 602 is equal to the maximum inner diameter of the oil collecting shell 6, and the minimum diameter of the guide tube 602 is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the maximum inner diameter of the oil collecting shell 6.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, a flow-stabilizing cone 303 is provided at the inner bottom of the secondary separation shell 3. The tip of the flow-stabilizing cone 303 faces upward and is coaxially fixed at the inner bottom of the secondary separation shell 3. The flow-stabilizing cone 303 can make the swirling state inside the secondary separation shell 3 more stable.

[0079] When using the crude oil dehydration equipment 100 provided according to the present invention, the oil-water mixture (crude oil) enters the expansion pipe 101 and the distributor 102 through the main inlet pipe 1. Under the action of the intermediate guide vortex 201, the oil-water mixture rotates in the primary separation shell 2, so that the oil phase and the water phase are separated, thus realizing the first separation of the oil phase and the water phase.

[0080] The water phase inside the primary separation shell 2 flows along the inner wall of the primary separation shell 2 under the action of centrifugal force, and after reaching the baffle 5, it flows into the water collection channel 701, and then flows downward into the water collection area 704 under the action of gravity.

[0081] The aqueous oil phase separated by the guide vortex 201 converges at the center of the primary separation shell 2 and flows to the main pipe 401 of the separator 4, then is evenly distributed to multiple branch pipes 402. The top of the secondary separation shell 3 is equipped with a slanted inlet pipe 301 connected to the branch pipes 402. The aqueous oil phase enters the secondary separation shell 3 through the branch pipes 402 and the slanted inlet pipe 301, where it swirls again to form a swirling motion, achieving the effect of secondary oil-water separation.

[0082] The separated oil phase enters the oil collection shell 6 through the oil collection pipe 601, and then flows out from the oil discharge pipe 603 at the top of the oil collection shell 6.

[0083] The separated aqueous phase flows downward under the action of gravity, passes through the water collection pipe 702 and enters the water collection area 704, and is finally discharged from the drain pipe 703.

[0084] The medium-intensity swirling motion formed within the primary separation tank 2 of the oil-water mixture enables the collection and separation of large-particle-size dispersed phases, achieving a preliminary dehydration effect; this is called the primary separation process. The secondary separation tank 3, with a smaller diameter than the primary separation tank 2, forms a high-intensity swirling motion within the secondary separation tank 3, further collecting and separating small-to-medium-size dispersed phases, achieving a further dehydration effect; this is called the secondary separation process.

[0085] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0086] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0087] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crude oil dehydration device, characterized in that, include: A primary separation shell (2) is provided with a vortex guide (201) at the lower part of the primary separation shell (2). Crude oil flows from bottom to top in the primary separation shell (2) and swirls after passing through the vortex guide (201). Water collection shell (7), wherein the primary separation shell (2) is spaced inside the water collection shell (7); Secondary separation shell (3), a plurality of secondary separation shells (3) are evenly arranged around the outside of the primary separation shell (2) along the circumferential direction. The diameter of each secondary separation shell is smaller than the diameter of the primary separation shell. An oil collection pipe (601) is coaxially fixedly arranged on the upper part of each secondary separation shell (3), and a water collection pipe (702) is arranged on the lower part of each secondary separation shell (3). A separator (4) is coaxially disposed on the upper part of the primary separation shell (2). The separator (4) connects the inner cavity of the primary separation shell (2) with the inner cavity of each secondary separation shell (3). After the crude oil flows into the secondary separation shell (3) through the separator (4), it undergoes swirling flow. The separator (4) includes: a main pipe (401), the central axis of which coincides with the central axis of the primary separation shell (2), and the lower end of the main pipe (401) extends into the primary separation shell (2); and branch pipes (402), multiple branch pipes (402) are evenly disposed on the upper end of the main pipe (401) along the circumferential direction, and each branch pipe (402) is connected to its corresponding secondary separation shell (3).

2. The crude oil dehydration equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A slanted inlet pipe (301) is spirally provided at the upper end of the secondary separation shell (3), and the slanted inlet pipe (301) is connected to the branch pipe (402).

3. The crude oil dehydration equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, A spiral top plate (302) is provided on the top of the secondary separation shell (3), and the oblique inlet pipe (301) is connected to the secondary separation shell (3) through the spiral top plate (302).

4. The crude oil dehydration equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, A main inlet pipe (1) is provided penetratingly at the lower part of the water collection shell (7), and the main inlet pipe (1) is connected to the lower end of the guide vortex (201) through the liquid distributor (102).

5. The crude oil dehydration equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The water collection pipe (702) of each of the secondary separation shells (3) is connected to the water collection shell (7).

6. The crude oil dehydration equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The crude oil dehydration equipment also includes an oil collection shell (6), and the oil collection pipes (601) of each of the secondary separation shells (3) are connected to the oil collection shell (6).

7. The crude oil dehydration equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, An oil drain pipe (603) is provided at the top of the oil collection shell (6), and a guide cylinder (602) that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom is provided inside the oil collection shell (6). The upper end of the guide cylinder (602) is sealed and fixed to the oil collection shell (6).

8. The crude oil dehydration equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The interface between the oil collecting pipe (601) and the oil collecting shell (6) is located within the height range of the guide tube (602).

9. The crude oil dehydration equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, A flow-stabilizing cone (303) is provided at the inner bottom of the secondary separation shell (3).

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