A low-loss, simple structure, high-power-resistant antenna and antenna array

Abstract

The application provides a low-loss high-power-resistant antenna and antenna array with simple structure, which comprises a reflecting plate, a coaxial balun, an electric dipole, a magnetic dipole and two phase transformation branches; the coaxial balun comprises an outer conductor and an inner conductor; the outer conductor is electrically connected with the reflecting plate; the top of the inner conductor is electrically connected with the top of the outer conductor through an electrical connector; the electric dipole is composed of two metal plates which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the outer conductor; the connecting end of the metal plate is physically connected with the top of the outer conductor and is electrically connected; the magnetic dipole is a ring-shaped wire which is vertically distributed on the top of the outer conductor; the two phase transformation branches are rotationally symmetrically distributed about the geometric center of the inner conductor; one end of the phase transformation branch is connected with the top of the outer conductor, and the other end is connected with the ring-shaped wire of the magnetic dipole; the connecting point of the phase transformation branch and the top of the outer conductor of the coaxial balun is located directly below the connecting point of the metal plate and the top of the outer conductor of the coaxial balun. Through the above structure, the application realizes a circularly polarized antenna with low loss, simple structure, high power resistance, wide frequency band and optimal axial ratio.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to a low-loss, simple, high-power antenna array. Background Technology

[0002] An antenna is a transducer that converts guided waves propagating on a transmission line into electromagnetic waves propagating in free space, or vice versa. Antennas are crucial components in engineering systems such as radio communication, broadcasting, television, radar, navigation, electronic warfare, remote sensing, and radio astronomy, used to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. The performance of an antenna influences and determines the overall performance of the radio equipment.

[0003] The paper "A Small Wide-Beam Circularly Polarized Antenna" (Liao Chao et al., Electronic Components and Materials, 2022) proposes a small wide-beam circularly polarized antenna. The advantages of this antenna are its low profile, miniaturization, and wide 3dB axial ratio beamwidth, with a profile height of 0.029 times the wavelength. The disadvantages are that the antenna uses a microstrip patch, consisting of a quasi-square substrate integrated waveguide cavity, an octagonal annular slot etched on the top layer, and four stepped microstrip stubs. In high-frequency applications, the antenna suffers from high loss, low efficiency, low power capacity, inability to handle high power, complex structure, and high manufacturing precision requirements. The consistency between the manufacturing test results and simulation results depends on the manufacturing precision, and the yield rate needs to be considered in engineering implementation.

[0004] The paper "Design of a Wideband Circularly Polarized Slotted Spiral Antenna" (Yuan Jiade et al., Journal of Microwave, 2022) proposes a wideband circularly polarized slotted spiral antenna. The antenna is printed on the inner and outer surfaces of a square columnar structure constructed from an FR4 dielectric substrate. Two sets of slotted spiral arms of different lengths are printed on the outer surface of the substrate and extend to the top of the antenna. A bent microstrip line is printed on the inner surface of the substrate as a feed network. By coupling the feed to each slot, an impedance bandwidth of 42.2% and an axial ratio bandwidth of 51.4% are achieved. The disadvantages are that the antenna structure uses a microstrip line, resulting in higher antenna loss and lower efficiency in high-frequency applications. The multiple folds in the bent line structure reduce the antenna's power capacity, making it unable to handle high power. The long bent line and the terminal matching load increase antenna loss. The complex bent line and spiral structure increase the manufacturing difficulty and require high precision. The consistency between the manufacturing test results and simulation results depends on the manufacturing precision, and the yield rate needs to be considered in engineering implementation.

[0005] Chinese patent application CN113839216A, entitled "A Low-Profile Broadband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on a Metasurface," discloses a low-profile broadband circularly polarized antenna based on a metasurface. The advantage of this antenna is the introduction of a metasurface. The metasurface unit uses a double-sided dielectric substrate with single-sided etched Z-shaped slots, reducing the overall profile height of the antenna unit. The antenna radiating element uses a microstrip cross-shaped slot antenna, achieving a circular polarization bandwidth of 27.1%. The disadvantages are the introduction of two layers of microstrip structure metasurface and antenna radiating element. The small spacing between the Z-shaped slot structure metasurface units and the small size of the Z-shaped slots reduce the overall power capacity of the antenna unit, making it unable to handle high power. In high-frequency applications, the microstrip antenna radiating element suffers from higher antenna loss and lower efficiency, and cannot handle high power. High installation precision is required between the metasurface and the antenna radiating element; the consistency between the fabrication and testing results and simulation results depends on the fabrication and installation accuracy. Engineering implementation needs to consider the yield rate.

[0006] In summary, many wideband, high axial ratio, and low profile circularly polarized antennas have been proposed in the published literature. However, these published circularly polarized antennas all have a major drawback: complex structure, high loss, low efficiency, limited power capacity, high requirements for manufacturing precision, and the need to consider the yield rate in engineering implementation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to design a structure that can realize a wideband circularly polarized antenna with low loss, simple structure, high power tolerance and good axial ratio.

[0008] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

[0009] A low-loss, simple, high-power antenna comprises a reflector 10, a coaxial balun 20, an electric dipole 30, a magnetic dipole 40, and two phase-transformation stubs 50. The coaxial balun 20 includes an outer conductor 201 and an inner conductor 202. The outer conductor 201 is electrically connected to the reflector 10. The top of the inner conductor 202 is electrically connected to the top of the outer conductor 201 via an electrical connector 203. The electric dipole 30 consists of two metal plates 301 mirror-symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the outer conductor 201, with the connecting ends of the metal plates 301 connected to the outer conductor 201. The top is physically connected and ensures electrical connection; the magnetic dipole 40 is a loop wire, and the perpendicular electric dipole 30 is distributed on the top of the outer conductor 201; the two phase transformation stubs 50 are rotationally symmetrical about the geometric center of the inner conductor 202; one end of the phase transformation stub 50 is connected to the top of the outer conductor 201, and the other end is connected to the loop wire of the magnetic dipole 40; the connection point 501 between the phase transformation stub 50 and the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20 is located directly below the connection point 302 between the metal plate 301 and the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer conductor 201 is a cylindrical or square cylinder with U-shaped grooves 204 symmetrically cut on both sides along the axial direction; the U-shaped grooves 204 open upwards.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner conductor 202 is a cylinder or a square prism.

[0012] Furthermore, the metal plate 301 is an isosceles triangle, with its vertex electrically connected to the top of the outer conductor 201.

[0013] Furthermore, the magnetic dipole 40 is a square loop wire or a circular loop wire.

[0014] Furthermore, the phase transformation stub 50 is an arc-shaped conductor or a bent linear conductor.

[0015] Furthermore, the cross-section of the phase transformation stub 50 is circular or square.

[0016] Furthermore, the initial value of the axial cutting depth of the U-shaped groove 204 is 0.25 times the wavelength.

[0017] The present invention also provides an antenna array based on the above-described antenna.

[0018] The advantages of this invention are:

[0019] This invention provides a low-loss, simple-structure, high-power, wide-bandwidth, well-symmetrical circularly polarized antenna. The entire antenna element structure is simple, easy to fabricate, and has low engineering implementation requirements. The fabricated results show good agreement with simulation results, eliminating the need for repeated debugging or design improvements. The entire antenna is made of metal, making it easy to fabricate. Its simple structure and low design complexity significantly reduce design and development risks, improve design and engineering efficiency, and lower design and engineering costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is an overall view of a low-loss, simple, high-power-resistant antenna disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view of a low-loss, simple, high-power-capable antenna disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a front view of a low-loss, simple, high-power-capable antenna disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a left view of a low-loss, simple, high-power-resistant antenna disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged view of a low-loss, simple, high-power-resistant antenna disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is an overall view of a low-loss, simple, high-power-resistant antenna disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a top view of a low-loss, simple, high-power antenna disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a front view of a low-loss, simple, high-power-resistant antenna disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a left view of a low-loss, simple, high-power-resistant antenna disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a partially enlarged view of a low-loss, simple, high-power antenna disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Comprehensive reference Figures 1 to 5 A low-loss, simple, high-power antenna includes a reflector 10, a coaxial balun 20, an electric dipole 30, a magnetic dipole 40, and a phase transformation stub 50.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, a through hole is opened at the geometric center of the reflector 10; the shape of the reflector 10 is circular, or it can be elliptical; the material of the reflector 10 can be metal, or it can be a material that has been metallized and has metallic electrical properties, including but not limited to carbon fiber, graphene, foam, PTFE, hydrocarbon materials, thermosetting resins, etc. The above materials can be used alone or in combination, as long as they meet the electrical requirements of this embodiment.

[0034] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the coaxial balun 20 is formed by cutting a U-shaped groove 204 into the outer conductor of the coaxial line; the initial value of the axial cutting depth of the U-shaped groove 204 of the coaxial balun 20 is 0.25 times the wavelength, and the optimal cutting depth needs to be optimized based on the initial value of the cutting depth; the materials of the inner conductor 202 and the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20 can be metals, or materials including but not limited to those that have been metallized and have metallic electrical properties such as carbon fiber, graphene, foam, PTFE, hydrocarbon materials, and thermosetting resins.

[0035] The bottom of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20 is directly and physically connected to the reflector 10; the bottom of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20 and the reflector 10 must have good electrical connection; the top of the inner conductor 202 of the coaxial balun 20 is physically connected to the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20 through an electrical connector 203. The shape of the electrical connector 203 is circular or cylindrical, but not limited to circular or cylindrical, and can be deformed based on a circular or cylindrical shape; the top of the inner conductor 202 of the coaxial balun 20 and the electrical connector 203 must have good electrical connection; the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20 and the electrical connector 203 must have good electrical connection; the shape of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20 is circular or cylindrical, but not limited to circular or cylindrical, and can be deformed based on a circular or cylindrical shape; the shape of the inner conductor 202 of the coaxial balun 20 is circular or cylindrical, but not limited to circular or cylindrical, and can be deformed based on a circular or cylindrical shape.

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown, the electric dipole 30 consists of two triangular metal plates 301 that are mirror-symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20. The shape of the triangular metal plates 301 includes, but is not limited to, triangles. The shape of the triangles can be modified to form polygons, prisms, cones, etc. The vertices of the triangular metal plates 301 are directly and physically connected to the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20. There must be good electrical connection between the vertices of the triangular metal plates 301 and the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20. The material of the triangular metal plates 301 can be metal, or it can be a material with metallic electrical properties after metallization treatment of materials including, but not limited to, carbon fiber, graphene, foam, PTFE, hydrocarbon materials, thermosetting resins, etc.

[0037] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the magnetic dipole 40 is a loop-shaped wire, and the perpendicular electric dipoles 30 are distributed on the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20; the outer envelope shape of the magnetic dipole 40 is a square loop, but not limited to a square loop, and can be deformed based on the square loop to form a fractal loop; the loop-shaped wire of the magnetic dipole 40 is a circular cylindrical wire, but not limited to a circular cylindrical wire, and can be deformed based on the circular cylindrical wire; the material of the loop-shaped wire of the magnetic dipole 40 can be metal, or it can be a material including but not limited to carbon fiber, graphene, foam, PTFE, hydrocarbon materials, thermosetting resins, etc., which have metallic electrical properties after metallization treatment.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5As shown, the phase transformation stub 50 consists of two wire stubs distributed rotationally symmetrically about the geometric center of the inner conductor 202 of the coaxial balun 20; one end of the wire stub is connected to the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20, and the connection point 501 between the wire transformation stub 50 and the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20 is located directly below the connection point 302 between the vertex of the triangular metal plate 301 and the top of the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20; the other end of the wire transformation stub 50 is connected to the loop wire of the magnetic dipole 40; the electric dipole is adjusted by changing the length of the wire stub. The feeding phase difference between the pole 30 and the magnetic dipole 40; the material of the phase transformation stub 50 can be metal, or it can be a material with metallic electrical properties after metallization treatment of carbon fiber, graphene, foam, PTFE, hydrocarbon materials, thermosetting resin, etc.; the outer envelope shape of the phase transformation stub 50 is an arc but not limited to an arc, and can be deformed based on an arc; the conductor stub of the phase transformation stub 50 is a circular cylindrical conductor but not limited to a circular cylindrical conductor, and can be deformed based on a circular cylindrical conductor.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Comprehensive reference Figures 6 to 10 The low-loss, simple, high-power-capable antenna disclosed in Embodiment 2 is a partial replacement of the low-loss, simple, high-power-capable antenna disclosed in Embodiment 1. The replaced partial structure is as follows:

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, the shape of the reflector 10 in this embodiment 2 is rectangular but not limited to a rectangle; it can be deformed based on a rectangle.

[0042] like Figure 10 As shown, the electrical connector 203 in this embodiment is square in shape, but not limited to square, and can be deformed based on the square shape; the outer conductor 201 of the coaxial balun 20 is square ring-shaped, but not limited to square ring-shaped, and can be deformed based on the square ring-shaped; the inner conductor 202 of the coaxial balun 20 is square columnar in shape, but not limited to square columnar, and can be deformed based on the square columnar.

[0043] like Figure 6 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the outer envelope shape of the magnetic dipole 40 in this embodiment is a circular ring, but not limited to a circular ring. It can be deformed based on the circular ring to form a fractal ring. The ring-shaped wire of the magnetic dipole 40 is a square cylindrical wire, but not limited to a square cylindrical wire. It can be deformed based on the square cylindrical wire.

[0044] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 10As shown, the outer envelope shape of the phase transformation stub 50 in this embodiment is a bent line, but not limited to a bent line, and can be deformed based on the bent line; the conductor stub of the phase transformation stub 50 is a square columnar conductor, but not limited to a square columnar conductor, and can be deformed based on the square columnar conductor.

[0045] The advantages of the present invention through the above technical solutions are as follows:

[0046] This invention provides a wideband circularly polarized antenna with low loss, simple structure, and high power tolerance.

[0047] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-loss, simple, high-power resistant antenna, characterized in that, The system comprises a reflector (10), a coaxial balun (20), an electric dipole (30), a magnetic dipole (40), and two phase transformation stubs (50). The coaxial balun (20) includes an outer conductor (201) and an inner conductor (202). The outer conductor (201) is electrically connected to the reflector (10). The top of the inner conductor (202) is electrically connected to the top of the outer conductor (201) via an electrical connector (203). The electric dipole (30) is formed by two metal plates (301) symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the outer conductor (201), and the connecting ends of the metal plates (301) are physically connected to the top of the outer conductor (201). Ensure electrical connection; the magnetic dipole (40) is a loop wire, and the electric dipole (30) is distributed perpendicularly to the top of the outer conductor (201); the two phase transformation stubs (50) are rotationally symmetrical about the geometric center of the inner conductor (202); one end of the phase transformation stub (50) is connected to the top of the outer conductor (201), and the other end is connected to the loop wire of the magnetic dipole (40); the connection point (501) between the phase transformation stub (50) and the top of the outer conductor (201) of the coaxial balun (20) is located directly below the connection point (302) between the metal plate (301) and the top of the outer conductor (201) of the coaxial balun (20).

2. The low-loss, simple, high-power resistant antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer conductor (201) is a cylindrical or square tube with U-shaped grooves (204) symmetrically cut on both sides along the axial direction; the U-shaped grooves (204) open upwards.

3. The low-loss, simple, high-power resistant antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner conductor (202) is a cylinder or a square prism.

4. The low-loss, simple, high-power resistant antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal plate (301) is an isosceles triangle, and its vertex is electrically connected to the top of the outer conductor (201).

5. The low-loss, simple, high-power resistant antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic dipole (40) is a square loop wire or a circular loop wire.

6. A low-loss, simple, high-power resistant antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The phase transformation stub (50) is an arc-shaped conductor or a bent linear conductor.

7. The low-loss, simple, high-power resistant antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cross-section of the phase transformation stub (50) is circular or square.

8. The low-loss, simple, high-power resistant antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The initial value of the axial cutting depth of the U-shaped groove (204) is 0.25 times the wavelength.

9. An antenna array comprising the low-loss, simple, high-power-capable antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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