Equipment for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids and its extraction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of triterpenoid extraction of Ganoderma lucidum, and in particular to a device for extracting triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum and an extraction method thereof, comprising a crushing chamber and a helical-tooth crushing wheel. The present invention describes a device for extracting triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum and an extraction method thereof. In the process of crushing Ganoderma lucidum, two helical-tooth crushing wheels rotating in opposite directions can utilize a piercing structure and a pressing block to punch a concave hole structure on the surface of Ganoderma lucidum, thereby improving the leaching efficiency of triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum in the extract. The qualified Ganoderma lucidum that has been crushed falls downward into the extract in the extraction barrel for the extraction of triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum. At the same time, a vacuum pump pumps the dust particles generated by Ganoderma lucidum during the crushing process into the discharge pipe in the extraction barrel, allowing the dust particles of Ganoderma lucidum to participate in the leaching process in the extract through the filter screen of the discharge pipe. This overcomes the technical problem that the particle size of the crushed Ganoderma lucidum is large during the leaching process after crushing, resulting in a low leaching efficiency of triterpenoids in the Ganoderma lucidum in the extract.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ganoderma triterpenoid extraction, and particularly to an apparatus for extracting ganoderma triterpenoid and an extraction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ganoderma lucidum is the dried fruiting body of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. or Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu & Zhang in the family Polyporaceae, and is a well-known sedative medicinal material. Ganoderma triterpenoids are a class of triterpenoid compounds found in Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderma triterpenoids can rapidly enhance immunity, and at the same time can activate G0-phase tumor cells that are difficult to kill by chemotherapy drugs for single and combined poisoning. In the existing ganoderma triterpenoid extraction process, it is necessary to crush Ganoderma lucidum and then pour it into the extraction solution for multiple rounds of leaching treatment. Since the particle size of the crushed Ganoderma lucidum is relatively large and the specific surface area of the crushed Ganoderma lucidum is small, the leaching efficiency of ganoderma triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum in the extraction solution is low, and it is necessary to repeat the leaching treatment and filtration treatment multiple times. This treatment method has cumbersome steps and a long treatment cycle, which affects the extraction work efficiency of ganoderma triterpenoids. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the drawback that in the leaching treatment of crushed Ganoderma lucidum, the particle size of the crushed Ganoderma lucidum is relatively large, resulting in low leaching efficiency of ganoderma triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum in the extraction solution, the present invention provides an apparatus for extracting ganoderma triterpenoid and an extraction method thereof.

[0004] An apparatus for extracting ganoderma triterpenoid includes a support frame, a crushing chamber, a rotating shaft, a driving motor, a helical tooth crushing wheel, a guide block, a discharge hopper, a sieve mesh, and a leaching bucket; the support frame is fixedly connected with the crushing chamber; two rotating shafts are rotatably connected in the crushing chamber; the crushing chamber is provided with a driving motor for driving the two rotating shafts to rotate; each rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a plurality of helical tooth crushing wheels; the helical tooth crushing wheel is composed of a plurality of helical tooth structures; the helical tooth structure is provided with a stabbing block structure; two left and right guide blocks are fixedly connected in the crushing chamber; the bottom of the crushing chamber is fixedly connected with the discharge hopper; the sieve mesh is fixedly connected between the two guide blocks; the leaching bucket is placed below the support frame; an electric heater is installed on the leaching bucket.

[0005] As a further preferred solution, the sieve mesh is of a herringbone structure.

[0006] As a further preferred solution, a blanking chamber is fixedly connected to the crushing chamber; an air extractor is installed on the blanking chamber.

[0007] As a further preferred solution, a discharge pipe is provided in the leaching bucket; a guide pipe is commonly connected between the air extractor and the discharge pipe.

[0008] As a further preferred solution, a plurality of filter meshes are provided at the outlet end of the discharge pipe.

[0009] As a further preferred solution, a vibration motor for driving the sieve mesh to vibrate is installed in the crushing chamber.

[0010] As a further preferred solution, a fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the guiding block; a shaft sleeve corresponding to the helical crushing wheel is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft; a torsion spring is fixedly connected between the shaft sleeve and the corresponding fixed shaft; a pressing block is fixedly connected to the shaft sleeve; a dialing block is fixedly connected to the shaft sleeve.

[0011] A method for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Crushing, using a helical crushing wheel to crush ganoderma in a crushing chamber, with a crushing mesh number of 4 - 10 meshes. The crushed ganoderma that meets the standard enters the next step.

[0013] Step 2: Extraction and filtration, prepare a sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution with a temperature of 70 - 80°C and a concentration of 0.5 - 1 wt%. Pour the crushed ganoderma that meets the standard into the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution, with a weight ratio of ganoderma to the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution of 1:15. Extract repeatedly 3 - 5 times, then put it into an ultrasonic machine for two ultrasonic treatments. Set the ultrasonic treatment time for each time to be 15 - 20 min, with an intermediate interval time of 10 min. The power of the first ultrasonic treatment is 100 - 150 W, and the power of the second ultrasonic treatment is 200 - 250 W. Then filter to obtain a filtrate and an extract.

[0014] Step 3: pH adjustment, adjust the pH of the extract obtained in Step 2 to 7.

[0015] Step 4: Adsorption, inject the extract with adjusted pH into a resin column through a pipeline. The AB - 8 type macroporous adsorption resin is used in the resin column, and the macroporous adsorption resin is soaked and washed with purified water for 10 - 30 min in advance. The injection flow rate of the extract is 40 - 60 ml / min, and an effluent is obtained from the outlet end of the resin column.

[0016] Step 5: Elution, perform three - stage elution on the obtained effluent. The first - stage eluent is purified water, with a flow rate of 5 - 10 ml / min and an elution time of 10 - 30 min. The second - stage eluent is 40% ethanol, with a flow rate of 5 - 10 ml / min and an elution time of 10 - 30 min. The third - stage eluent is 80% ethanol, with a flow rate of 10 - 15 ml / min and an elution time of �0 - 70 min. Finally, an eluate is obtained.

[0017] Step 6: Alcohol precipitation and concentration, perform alcohol precipitation on the eluate, and then concentrate it to 5% - 10% of the original volume to obtain a precipitate.

[0018] Step 7: Drying, use a vacuum dryer to perform vacuum drying treatment on the obtained precipitate into a powder to obtain ganoderic triterpenoids with high content and high concentration.

[0019] As a further preferred solution, in step 1: the crushing mesh size is 4 meshes;

[0020] In step 2, the temperature of the sodium hydroxide-water solution is 70° C., the concentration is 0.5 wt %, the number of extractions is 3, the ultrasonic treatment time is 15 min each time, the ultrasonic treatment power is 100 W for the first time, and the ultrasonic treatment power is 200 W for the second time;

[0021] In step 4: the macroporous adsorption resin is soaked and washed with purified water for 10 minutes, and the injection flow rate of the extract is 40 ml / min;

[0022] In step 5: the flow rate of the first eluent is 5 ml / min, the elution time is 10 min, the flow rate of the second eluent is 5 ml / min, the elution time is 10 min, and the flow rate of the third eluent is 10 ml / min, the elution time is 50 min;

[0023] In step 6: the concentration level is 5%.

[0024] As a further preferred solution, the punching process is carried out simultaneously in step 1. While the helical-tooth crushing wheel is crushing the crushing chamber, the punching structure on the helical-tooth crushing wheel is used to punch a concave hole structure on the surface of the Ganoderma lucidum to increase the specific surface area of the Ganoderma lucidum.

[0025] The present invention has the following advantages: the present invention describes an apparatus for extracting triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum and an extraction method thereof, wherein the helical-tooth crushing wheel in the crushing chamber is composed of a plurality of helical-tooth structures, and a blocking structure is further provided on the outer side of the helical-tooth structure. When the two helical-tooth crushing wheels rotating in opposite directions crush the Ganoderma lucidum, the blocking structure can be utilized to punch a concave hole structure on the surface of the Ganoderma lucidum during the Ganoderma lucidum crushing process, thereby increasing the specific surface area of the Ganoderma lucidum and improving the contact area between the Ganoderma lucidum and the extract, thereby improving the leaching efficiency of the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes in the extract. During this process, the helical-tooth crushing wheel can also cooperate with the shifting block and the pressing block on the shaft sleeve to punch deep concave holes again on the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes that fail to be crushed, thereby further increasing the specific surface area of the Ganoderma lucidum. The Ganoderma lucidum that passes the crushing falls downward into the extract in the leaching barrel for the leaching of the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes. At the same time, the vacuum pump pumps the dust particles generated by the Ganoderma lucidum during the crushing process into the discharge pipe in the leaching barrel, so that the Ganoderma lucidum dust particles can also participate in the leaching process in the extract through the filter of the discharge pipe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the crushing cabin, leaching barrel and discharge cabin of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the discharge pipe of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the crushing chamber and the blanking chamber of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the helical crushing wheel of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the sieve mesh of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the briquette of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 Process flow chart of the present invention.

[0034] Reference numerals in the figure: 1 - support frame, 2 - crushing chamber, 21 - rotating shaft, 22 - driving motor, 23 - helical crushing wheel, 231 - tying block, 24 - guiding block, 25 - discharge hopper, 31 - sieve mesh, 32 - vibration motor, 4 - extraction tank, 41 - electric heater, 42 - discharge pipe, 421 - filter screen, 5 - blanking chamber, 51 - air extractor, 52 - guide pipe, 6 - fixed shaft, 61 - bushing, 62 - torsion spring, 63 - briquette, 64 - dialing block. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The following further illustrates the technical solution with specific embodiments. It should be noted that: The words indicating directions such as up, down, left, and right mentioned in this article are only in terms of the positions of the shown structures in the corresponding drawings. The serial numbers assigned to the components in this article itself, for example: the first, the second, etc., are only used to distinguish the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meanings. And the terms such as connection and coupling mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, all include direct and indirect connections (couplings).

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] The present invention provides a method for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids, which includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Crushing, the crushing mesh size is 4 - 10 meshes, and the crushed ganoderma that meets the standard enters the next step;

[0039] Step 2: Extraction and filtration, prepare a sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution with a temperature of 70 - 80°C and a concentration of 0.5 - 1 wt%, pour the crushed ganoderma that meets the standard into the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution, and the weight ratio of ganoderma to the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution is 1:15. Extract repeatedly for 3 - 5 times, then put it into an ultrasonic machine for two ultrasonic treatments. Set the ultrasonic treatment time for each time to be 15 - 20 min, with an interval of 10 min in between. The ultrasonic treatment power for the first time is 100 - 150 W, and the ultrasonic treatment power for the second time is 200 - 250 W. Then filter to obtain the filtrate and the extract;

[0040] Step 3: pH adjustment, adjust the pH of the leaching solution obtained in Step 2 to 7;

[0041] Step 4: Adsorption, inject the leaching solution with adjusted pH into the resin column through a pipeline. The macroporous adsorption resin AB-8 is used in the resin column, and the macroporous adsorption resin is soaked and washed with purified water for 10 - 30 min in advance. The injection flow rate of the leaching solution is 40 - 60 ml / min, and the effluent is obtained from the outlet end of the resin column;

[0042] Step 5: Elution, perform three-stage elution on the obtained effluent. The first-stage eluent is purified water with a flow rate of 5 - 10 ml / min and an elution time of 10 - 30 min. The second-stage eluent is 40% ethanol with a flow rate of 5 - 10 ml / min and an elution time of 10 - 30 min. The third-stage eluent is 80% ethanol with a flow rate of 10 - 15 ml / min and an elution time of 50 - 70 min. Finally, the eluate is obtained;

[0043] Step 6: Alcohol precipitation and concentration, perform alcohol precipitation on the eluate, and then concentrate it to 5% - 10% of the original volume to obtain a precipitate;

[0044] Step 7: Drying, use a vacuum dryer to perform vacuum drying treatment on the obtained precipitate into a powder to obtain ganoderic triterpenoids with high content and high concentration.

[0045] For the above ganoderic triterpenoid extraction method, a device for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids is specifically proposed.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A device for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids, as Figures 1 - 5 shown, includes a support frame 1, a crushing chamber 2, a rotating shaft 21, a driving motor 22, a helical crushing wheel 23, a guide block 24, a discharge hopper 25, a sieve mesh 31, and a leaching bucket 4; a crushing chamber 2 is fixedly connected to the support frame 1; two rotating shafts 21 are rotatably connected in the crushing chamber 2; two driving motors 22 are installed on the crushing chamber 2; the output shafts of the two driving motors 22 are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding rotating shafts 21; a number of helical crushing wheels 23 are fixedly connected to the two rotating shafts 21; each helical crushing wheel 23 is composed of a number of helical structures; a number of block structures 231 are provided on the outside of each helical structure of the helical crushing wheel 23; a guide block 24 is fixedly connected to each of the left side and the right side inside the crushing chamber 2; a discharge hopper 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crushing chamber 2; a sieve mesh 31 is fixedly connected between the two guide blocks 24; a leaching bucket 4 is placed below the support frame 1; an electric heater 41 is installed on the leaching bucket 4.

[0048] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a discharge chamber 5 is fixedly connected to the crushing chamber 2, and the upper side of the discharge chamber 5 is set as a forward inclined structure; an air pump 51 is installed on the upper inclined surface of the discharge chamber 5; a discharge pipe 42 is inserted into the extraction barrel 4; a guide pipe 52 is connected between the outlet end of the air pump 51 and the inlet end of the discharge pipe 42; and a plurality of filter screens 421 are provided at the outlet end of the discharge pipe 42.

[0049] When using the equipment for extracting triterpenes of Ganoderma lucidum using the present invention, the staff first pours the extract into the leaching barrel 4, and the electric heater 41 heats the extract in the leaching barrel 4 to boil. The staff then pours the Ganoderma lucidum into the crushing chamber 2 through the discharge chamber 5. At the same time, the two driving motors 22 respectively drive the helical-toothed crushing wheels 23 on the two rotating shafts 21 to rotate towards each other, and the helical-toothed crushing wheels 23 on the two rotating shafts 21 jointly crush the Ganoderma lucidum. In this step, the piercing blocks 231 on the helical-toothed crushing wheels 23 will penetrate into the surface of the Ganoderma lucidum, and a large number of concave hole structures will be penetrated on the surface of the Ganoderma lucidum. As the helical-toothed crushing wheels 23 drive the Ganoderma lucidum to rotate downward, the helical tooth structure of the adjacent helical-toothed crushing wheels 23 rotating downward will remove the Ganoderma lucidum on the piercing blocks 231 downward, reducing the situation where the Ganoderma lucidum stays on the helical-toothed crushing wheels 23 due to being penetrated by the piercing blocks 231, thereby completing the crushing of the Ganoderma lucidum.

[0050] After the crushing process, the Ganoderma lucidum passes through the screen 31 downward from between the two helical-tooth crushing wheels 23 and falls downward along the discharge hopper 25 into the extracting liquid in the leaching barrel 4 for the extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes. Since a large number of concave pore structures are pierced on the surface of the Ganoderma lucidum by the piercing blocks 231, the specific surface area of the Ganoderma lucidum is increased, and the extraction efficiency of the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes in the extracting liquid is significantly improved, which greatly reduces the number of subsequent repeated extraction and filtration steps.

[0051] At the same time, the vacuum pump 51 continues to perform vacuum work in the discharge bin 5. When a large amount of dust particles generated by the Ganoderma lucidum during the crushing work float upward to the top of the discharge bin 5, the Ganoderma lucidum dust particles are sucked away by the vacuum pump 51. The vacuum pump 51 continuously transports the sucked Ganoderma lucidum dust particles along the guide pipe 52 to the discharge pipe 42, and the lower end of the discharge pipe 42 is immersed in the extract of the leaching barrel 4. Therefore, the Ganoderma lucidum dust particles will also be extracted with Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes through the filter 421 at the lower end of the discharge pipe 42, which greatly improves the extraction amount of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes, and the Ganoderma lucidum dust particles are intercepted in the filter 421 of the discharge pipe 42. The Ganoderma lucidum dust particles rarely pass through the filter 421 and enter the extract in the leaching barrel 4, which greatly shortens the subsequent filtration processing time of the extract in the leaching barrel 4.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] On the basis of Example 2, Figures 1 - 6 As shown, the screen 31 of this embodiment is configured as a herringbone structure with an upwardly convex middle portion; a vibration motor 32 is installed in the crushing chamber 2 to drive the screen 31 to vibrate.

[0054] In the crushing work of Ganoderma lucidum, the vibrating motor 32 drives the screen 31 to vibrate. After the Ganoderma lucidum undergoing the crushing work falls downward between the two helical-tooth crushing wheels 23 and reaches the middle convex part of the screen 31, this part of the Ganoderma lucidum will slide respectively to the left and right along the arc-shaped inclined plane structures on both sides of the screen 31. During this process, the qualified Ganoderma lucidum after crushing directly falls downward through the screen holes of the screen 31, while the unqualified Ganoderma lucidum after crushing slides along the arc-shaped inclined plane structure to the adjacent helical-tooth crushing wheel 23 under the vibration of the screen 31. The helical-tooth crushing wheel 23 pushes the unqualified Ganoderma lucidum to move upward along the guiding block 24, enabling the unqualified Ganoderma lucidum to undergo the crushing work again until the Ganoderma lucidum is crushed qualified and can fall downward through the screen holes of the screen 31. Additionally, during the continuous vibration of the vibrating motor 32 driving the screen 31 to vibrate, most of the Ganoderma lucidum blocking the screen holes is shaken downward by the screen 31 under this vibration, greatly reducing the phenomenon of the screen 31 being blocked.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] On the basis of Example 2, as Figures 1 - 7 shown, two fixing shafts 6 are fixedly connected to each of the two guiding blocks 24 in this embodiment; several bushings 61 corresponding to the helical-tooth crushing wheels 23 on the same side are rotatably connected to each of the two fixing shafts 6; a torsion spring 62 is fixedly connected between each of the two bushings 61 and the corresponding fixing shaft 6; a pressing block 63 is welded to each of the two bushings 61; a dialing block 64 is welded to each of the two bushings 61.

[0057] During the process that the helical-tooth structure of the helical-tooth crushing wheel 23 pushes the incompletely crushed Ganoderma lucidum to move along the guiding block 24 and pass through the surface of the pressing block 63, a helical-tooth structure on the front side in the rotation direction of this helical-tooth structure pushes the dialing block 64 to drive the bushing 61 to rotate. The bushing 61 drives the torsion spring 62 to twist. At the same time, the bushing 61 drives the pressing block 63 to squeeze towards the incompletely crushed Ganoderma lucidum. The pressing block 63 pushes the unqualified Ganoderma lucidum to be squeezed towards the stabbing block 231 of the helical-tooth structure, enabling the stabbing block 231 of the helical-tooth structure to stab out a concave hole structure on the unqualified Ganoderma lucidum again. And under the extrusion of the pressing block 63, the penetration depth of the stabbing block 231 on the surface of the unqualified Ganoderma lucidum can be increased, realizing further increasing the specific surface area of the Ganoderma lucidum and improving the looseness of the unqualified Ganoderma lucidum, making it easier to be crushed qualified. After the helical-tooth structure leaves the dialing block 64, the twisted torsion spring 62 timely drives the pressing block 63 to rotate and reset away from this Ganoderma lucidum, enabling the subsequent rotating helical-tooth structure to push the next unqualified Ganoderma lucidum to the pressing block 63 for the above-mentioned hole-stabbing step.

[0058] Example 5

[0059] The method for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids using the above-mentioned equipment for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Crushing. Use the helical crushing wheel 23 to crush Ganoderma lucidum in the crushing chamber 2. The crushing mesh number is 4 meshes. The crushed Ganoderma lucidum that meets the standard enters the next step.

[0061] Step 2: Extraction and filtration. Prepare a sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution with a temperature of 70°C and a concentration of 0.5 wt%. Pour the crushed Ganoderma lucidum that meets the standard into the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution. The weight ratio of Ganoderma lucidum to the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution is 1:15. Extract repeatedly 3 times, then put it into an ultrasonic machine for two ultrasonic treatments. Set the ultrasonic treatment time for each time to be 15 min, and the intermediate interval time to be 10 min. The ultrasonic treatment power for the first time is 100 W, and the ultrasonic treatment power for the second time is 200 W. Then perform filtration to obtain a filtrate and an extract.

[0062] Step 3: pH adjustment. Adjust the pH of the extract obtained in Step 2 to 7.

[0063] Step 4: Adsorption. Let the extract with adjusted pH be injected into the resin column through a pipeline. The AB - 8 type macroporous adsorption resin is used in the resin column, and the macroporous adsorption resin is soaked and washed with purified water for 10 min in advance. The injection flow rate of the extract is 40 ml / min, and the effluent is obtained from the outlet end of the resin column.

[0064] Step 5: Elution. Perform three - stage elution on the obtained effluent. The first - stage eluent is purified water, with a flow rate of 5 ml / min and an elution time of 10 min. The second - stage eluent is 40% ethanol, with a flow rate of 5 ml / min and an elution time of 10 min. The third - stage eluent is 80% ethanol, with a flow rate of 10 ml / min and an elution time of 50 min. Finally, an eluate is obtained.

[0065] Step 6: Alcohol precipitation and concentration. Perform alcohol precipitation on the eluate, and then concentrate it to 5% of the original volume to obtain a precipitate.

[0066] Step 7: Drying. Use a vacuum dryer to perform vacuum drying treatment on the obtained precipitate into powder form to obtain Ganoderma triterpenoids with high content and high concentration.

[0067] After adopting the aforementioned equipment for Ganoderma triterpenoid extraction, the effects of this Ganoderma triterpenoid extraction method are as follows: Since a large number of concave - hole structures are punctured on the surface of Ganoderma lucidum by the block 231, the specific surface area of Ganoderma lucidum is increased, and the extraction efficiency of Ganoderma triterpenoids in the extract by Ganoderma lucidum is significantly improved, greatly reducing the number of subsequent repeated extraction treatment and filtration treatment steps.

[0068] Example 6

[0069] The Ganoderma triterpenoid extraction method using the above - mentioned equipment for Ganoderma triterpenoid extraction includes the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Crushing. Use the helical crushing wheel 23 to crush Ganoderma lucidum in the crushing chamber 2. The crushing mesh size is 7 meshes. The crushed Ganoderma lucidum that meets the standard enters the next step.

[0071] Step 2: Extraction and filtration. Prepare a sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution with a temperature of 75 °C and a concentration of 0.75 wt%. Pour the crushed Ganoderma lucidum that meets the standard into the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution. The weight ratio of Ganoderma lucidum to the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution is 1:15. Extract repeatedly 4 times, then put it into an ultrasonic machine for two ultrasonic treatments. Set the ultrasonic treatment time for each time to be 18 min, and the intermediate interval time to be 10 min. The power of the first ultrasonic treatment is 125 W, and the power of the second ultrasonic treatment is 225 W. Then carry out filtration to obtain a filtrate and an extract.

[0072] Step 3: pH adjustment. Adjust the pH of the extract obtained in Step 2 to 7.

[0073] Step 4: Adsorption. Let the extract with adjusted pH be injected into the resin column through a pipeline. The AB - 8 type macroporous adsorption resin is used in the resin column, and the macroporous adsorption resin is soaked and washed with purified water for 15 min in advance. The injection flow rate of the extract is 50 ml / min, and an effluent is obtained from the outlet end of the resin column.

[0074] Step 5: Elution. Carry out three - stage elution on the obtained effluent. The first - stage eluent is purified water, with a flow rate of 8 ml / min and an elution time of 20 min. The second - stage eluent is 40% ethanol, with a flow rate of 8 ml / min and an elution time of 20 min. The third - stage eluent is 80% ethanol, with a flow rate of 13 ml / min and an elution time of 60 min. Finally, an eluate is obtained.

[0075] Step 6: Alcohol precipitation and concentration. Carry out alcohol precipitation on the eluate, and then concentrate it to 8% of the original volume to obtain a precipitate.

[0076] Step 7: Drying. Use a vacuum dryer to carry out vacuum drying treatment on the obtained precipitate into powder to obtain Ganoderma triterpenoids with high content and high concentration.

[0077] After adopting the aforementioned equipment for extracting Ganoderma triterpenoids, the effects of this method for extracting Ganoderma triterpenoids are as follows: Since a large number of concave - hole structures are punctured on the surface of Ganoderma lucidum by the block 231, the specific surface area of Ganoderma lucidum is increased, and the extraction efficiency of Ganoderma triterpenoids in the extract is significantly improved, greatly reducing the number of subsequent repeated extraction and filtration steps.

[0078] Example 7

[0079] The method for extracting Ganoderma triterpenoids using the above - mentioned equipment for extracting Ganoderma triterpenoids includes the following steps:

[0080] Step 1: Crushing. Use the helical crushing wheel 23 to crush Ganoderma lucidum in the crushing chamber 2. The crushing mesh number is 10 meshes. The crushed Ganoderma lucidum that meets the standard enters the next step.

[0081] Step 2: Extraction and filtration. Prepare a sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution with a temperature of 80°C and a concentration of 1 wt%. Pour the crushed Ganoderma lucidum that meets the standard into the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution. The weight ratio of Ganoderma lucidum to the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution is 1:15. Extract repeatedly 5 times, then put it into an ultrasonic machine for two ultrasonic treatments. Set the ultrasonic treatment time for each time to 20 min, and the intermediate interval time to 10 min. The power of the first ultrasonic treatment is 150 W, and the power of the second ultrasonic treatment is 250 W. Then carry out filtration to obtain the filtrate and the extract.

[0082] Step 3: pH adjustment. Adjust the pH of the extract obtained in Step 2 to 7.

[0083] Step 4: Adsorption. Let the extract with adjusted pH be injected into the resin column through a pipeline. The AB - 8 type macroporous adsorption resin is used in the resin column, and the macroporous adsorption resin is soaked and washed with purified water for 30 min in advance. The injection flow rate of the extract is 60 ml / min, and the effluent is obtained from the outlet end of the resin column.

[0084] Step 5: Elution. Carry out three - stage elution on the obtained effluent. The first - stage eluent is purified water with a flow rate of 10 ml / min and an elution time of 30 min. The second - stage eluent is 40% ethanol with a flow rate of 10 ml / min and an elution time of 30 min. The third - stage eluent is 80% ethanol with a flow rate of 15 ml / min and an elution time of 70 min. Finally, the eluate is obtained.

[0085] Step 6: Alcohol precipitation and concentration. Carry out alcohol precipitation on the eluate, and then concentrate it to 10% of the original volume to obtain the precipitate.

[0086] Step 7: Drying. Use a vacuum dryer to carry out vacuum drying treatment on the obtained precipitate into powder to obtain Ganoderma triterpenoids with high content and high concentration.

[0087] After adopting the aforementioned equipment for extracting Ganoderma triterpenoids, the effects of this Ganoderma triterpenoid extraction method are as follows: Since a large number of concave hole structures are punctured on the surface of Ganoderma lucidum by the stud 231, the specific surface area of Ganoderma lucidum is increased, and the extraction efficiency of Ganoderma triterpenoids in the extract is significantly improved, greatly reducing the number of subsequent repeated extraction and filtration steps.

[0088] The above - mentioned is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids, comprising: a support frame (1); A crushing chamber (2) is fixedly connected to the support frame (1); Two rotating shafts (21) are rotatably connected inside the crushing chamber (2); A driving motor (22) for driving the two rotating shafts (21) to rotate is installed on the crushing chamber (2); It is characterized in that It further includes helical crushing wheels (23); A number of helical crushing wheels (23) are fixedly connected to each of the rotating shafts (21); The helical crushing wheel (23) is composed of a number of helical structures; The helical structure is provided with a stabbing block (231) structure; Two left and right guide blocks (24) are fixedly connected inside the crushing chamber (2); A discharge hopper (25) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crushing chamber (2); A screen (31) is fixedly connected between the two guide blocks (24); An extraction bucket (4) is placed below the support frame (1); An electric heater (41) is installed on the extraction bucket (4); A fixed shaft (6) is fixedly connected to the guide block (24); A bushing (61) corresponding to the helical crushing wheel (23) is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft (6); A torsion spring (62) is fixedly connected between the bushing (61) and the corresponding fixed shaft (6); A pressing block (63) is fixedly connected to the bushing (61); A dialing block (64) is fixedly connected to the bushing (61); The stabbing block (231) is located outside the helical structure of the helical crushing wheel (23), and no stabbing block is provided inside; While using the helical crushing wheel (23) to crush the ganoderma in the crushing chamber (2), the stabbing block (231) structure on the helical crushing wheel (23) is used to stab out concave hole structures on the surface of the ganoderma, increasing the specific surface area of the ganoderma; Among them, the stabbing block (231) structure stabs into the interior of the ganoderma; A vibration motor (32) for driving the screen (31) to vibrate is installed inside the crushing chamber (2); The screen (31) is of a herringbone structure; The vibration motor (32) drives the screen (31) to vibrate. The ganoderma for crushing work falls downward from between the two helical crushing wheels (23) onto the screen (31). The unqualified ganoderma for crushing slides along the arc-shaped inclined surface structure to the adjacent helical crushing wheel (23) under the vibration of the screen (31), and the unqualified ganoderma for crushing is pushed by the helical crushing wheel (23) to move upward along the guide block (24), so that the unqualified ganoderma for crushing can be crushed again; At the same time, the pressing block (63) pushes the unqualified ganoderma for crushing to be squeezed towards the stabbing block (231) of the helical structure, so that the stabbing block (231) of the helical structure stabs out concave hole structures on the unqualified ganoderma for crushing again.

2. The device for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids according to claim 1, wherein, A feeding chamber (5) is fixedly connected to the crushing chamber (2); An air extractor (51) is installed on the feeding chamber (5).

3. The device for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids according to claim 2, characterized in that, An outlet pipe (42) is provided in the extraction bucket (4); A guide pipe (52) is commonly connected between the air extractor (51) and the outlet pipe (42).

4. The device for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids according to claim 3, characterized in that, A number of filter meshes (421) are provided at the outlet end of the outlet pipe (42).

5. A method for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids, which uses the device for extracting ganoderic triterpenoids described in any one of claims 1-4, and is characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Crushing, using the helical crushing wheel (23) to carry out crushing work on the ganoderma in the crushing chamber (2), the crushing mesh number is 4 - 10 meshes, and the qualified ganoderma for crushing enters the next step; Step 2: Extraction and filtration. Prepare a sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution with a temperature of 70 - 80°C and a concentration of 0.5 - 1 wt%. Pour the crushed Ganoderma lucidum that meets the standard into the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution. The weight ratio of Ganoderma lucidum to the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution is 1:

15. Extract repeatedly for 3 - 5 times, then put it into an ultrasonic machine for two ultrasonic treatments. Set the ultrasonic treatment time for each time to be 15 - 20 min, with an interval time of 10 min. The power of the first ultrasonic treatment is 100 - 150 W, and the power of the second ultrasonic treatment is 200 - 250 W. Then filter to obtain the filtrate and the extract. Step 3: pH adjustment. Adjust the pH of the extract obtained in Step 2 to 7. Step 4: Adsorption. Let the extract with adjusted pH be injected into the resin column through a pipeline. AB - 8 macroporous adsorption resin is used in the resin column, and the macroporous adsorption resin is soaked and washed with purified water for 10 - 30 min in advance. The injection flow rate of the extract is 40 - 60 ml / min, and the effluent is obtained from the outlet end of the resin column. Step 5: Elution. Perform three - stage elution on the obtained effluent. The first - stage eluent is purified water with a flow rate of 5 - 10 ml / min and an elution time of 10 - 30 min. The second - stage eluent is 40% ethanol with a flow rate of 5 - 10 ml / min and an elution time of 10 - 30 min. The third - stage eluent is 80% ethanol with a flow rate of 10 - 15 ml / min and an elution time of 50 - 70 min. Finally, the eluate is obtained. Step 6: Alcohol precipitation and concentration. Perform alcohol precipitation on the eluate, and then concentrate it to 5% - 10% of the original volume to obtain the precipitate. Step 7: Drying. Use a vacuum dryer to perform vacuum drying on the obtained precipitate into powder form to obtain Ganoderma triterpenoids with high content and high concentration.

6. A method for extracting Ganoderma triterpenoids according to claim 5, wherein in Step 1: The crushing mesh number is 4. in Step 2: The temperature of the sodium hydroxide - aqueous solution is 70°C, the concentration is 0.5 wt%, the extraction times are 3 times, the ultrasonic treatment time for each time is 15 min, the power of the first ultrasonic treatment is 100 W, and the power of the second ultrasonic treatment is 200 W. in Step 4: The soaking and washing time of the macroporous adsorption resin with purified water is 10 min, and the injection flow rate of the extract is 40 ml / min. in Step 5: The flow rate of the first - stage eluent is 5 ml / min, the elution time is 10 min, the flow rate of the second - stage eluent is 5 ml / min, the elution time is 10 min, the flow rate of the third - stage eluent is 10 ml / min, and the elution time is 50 min. in Step 6: The concentration degree is 5%.

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