Fuel cell and fuel cell stack

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell includes a reaction assembly and a frame assembly, the reaction assembly includes a cathode monopolar plate, a membrane electrode assembly and an anode monopolar plate stacked in sequence, the frame assembly is arranged on the periphery of the reaction assembly, and the frame assembly is provided with a fluid inflow passage and a fluid outflow passage. Among them, the reaction fluid can flow to the reaction assembly through the fluid inflow passage, and the product fluid can flow out of the reaction assembly through the fluid outflow passage. The present application arranges a frame assembly on the periphery of the reaction assembly so that the fluid inflow passage and the fluid outflow passage are arranged on the frame assembly. Compared with the traditional fuel cell in which the fluid inflow passage and the fluid outflow passage are arranged on the cathode monopolar plate, the membrane electrode assembly and the anode monopolar plate, the effective reaction area of ​​the reaction assembly is increased, and the reaction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells, especially hydrogen fuel cells, are mainly used in the fields of fuel cell-powered cars, buses and trucks in the new energy vehicle series, new energy fuel cell-powered locomotives, aircraft, and household distributed power lamps.

[0003] The integrated fuel cell stack is assembled from single cells, which are composed of a cathode monopolar plate, a membrane electrode assembly and an anode monopolar plate, which are combined in sequence to form a single cell.

[0004] In the traditional integrated fuel cell structure, the flow field area only accounts for about 60% of the entire plate surface, and the rest needs to be arranged with fluid cavities, which greatly reduces the effective reaction area and reduces the reaction efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack, which are intended to increase the effective reaction area and improve the battery reaction efficiency.

[0006] The present application provides a fuel cell, the fuel cell comprising:

[0007] A reaction assembly, the reaction assembly comprising a cathode monopolar plate, a membrane electrode assembly and an anode monopolar plate stacked in sequence;

[0008] A frame assembly, the frame assembly is arranged at the periphery of the reaction assembly, and the frame assembly is provided with a fluid inflow passage and a fluid outflow passage;

[0009] The reaction fluid can flow into the reaction component through the fluid inflow passage, and the product fluid can flow out of the reaction component through the fluid outflow passage.

[0010] In a possible design, the frame assembly includes a membrane electrode frame, the membrane electrode frame is provided with a first mounting hole, and the membrane electrode assembly is mounted in the first mounting hole;

[0011] The fluid inflow passage comprises a hydrogen inflow passage and an oxygen inflow passage arranged on one side of the membrane electrode frame, and the fluid outflow passage comprises a hydrogen outflow passage and an oxygen outflow passage arranged on the other side of the membrane electrode frame;

[0012] Oxygen can flow between the cathode monopolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly through the oxygen inlet passage and flow out through the oxygen outflow passage; hydrogen can flow between the anode monopolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly through the oxygen inlet passage and flow out through the hydrogen outflow passage.

[0013] In a possible design, along the length direction of the fuel cell, the membrane electrode frame has a first surface and a second surface that are oppositely disposed; along the thickness direction of the fuel cell, the membrane electrode frame has a third surface and a fourth surface that are oppositely disposed;

[0014] The oxygen inflow passage comprises an oxygen inlet and an oxygen inflow guide groove which are connected to each other, the oxygen inlet is arranged on the first surface, and the oxygen inflow guide groove is arranged on the third surface and connected to the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly;

[0015] The oxygen outflow passage comprises an oxygen outflow outlet and an oxygen outflow guide groove which are connected to each other. The oxygen outflow outlet is arranged on the second surface, and the oxygen outflow guide groove is arranged on the third surface and connected with the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly.

[0016] In a possible design, the hydrogen inflow passage includes a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen inflow guide groove that are connected to each other, the oxygen inlet is arranged on the first surface, and the hydrogen inflow guide groove is arranged on the fourth surface and connected to the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly;

[0017] The hydrogen outflow passage comprises a hydrogen outflow outlet and a hydrogen outflow guide groove which are connected to each other. The hydrogen outflow outlet is arranged on the second surface, and the hydrogen outflow guide groove is arranged on the fourth surface and connected with the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly.

[0018] In a possible design, the oxygen inlet and the hydrogen inlet are distributed on the first surface along the width direction or the thickness direction of the fuel cell;

[0019] The oxygen gas outlet and the hydrogen gas outlet are distributed on the second surface along the width direction or the thickness direction of the fuel cell.

[0020] In a possible design, the frame assembly further includes a cathode plate frame and an anode plate frame, the cathode monopolar plate is mounted on the cathode plate frame, and the anode monopolar plate is mounted on the anode plate frame;

[0021] The fluid inflow passage also includes a coolant inflow passage and a coolant outflow passage. Along the width direction of the fuel cell, the coolant inflow passage is opened on one side of the cathode plate frame and / or the anode plate frame, and the coolant outflow passage is opened on the other side of the cathode plate frame and / or the anode plate frame;

[0022] The coolant can flow between the anode monopolar plate and the cathode monopolar plate through the coolant inflow passage, and flow out through the coolant outflow passage.

[0023] In a possible design, the frame component is formed on the periphery of the reaction component through an integral injection molding process.

[0024] In a possible design, the frame component is adhesively connected to the reaction component.

[0025] In a possible design, the membrane electrode assembly is embedded in the first mounting hole, and the edge of the membrane electrode assembly is bonded to the inner wall of the first mounting hole.

[0026] In a possible design, an adhesive is provided on the edge of the anode monopolar plate facing the water field, and the anode monopolar plate is bonded to the anode plate frame;

[0027] Alternatively, the anode plate frame has a second mounting hole, the anode monopolar plate is embedded in the second mounting hole, and the edge of the anode monopolar plate is bonded to the inner wall of the second mounting hole.

[0028] In a possible design, an adhesive is provided on the edge of the cathode monopolar plate facing the water field, and the cathode monopolar plate is bonded and connected to the cathode plate frame;

[0029] Alternatively, the cathode plate frame has a third mounting hole, the cathode monopolar plate is embedded in the third mounting hole, and the edge of the cathode monopolar plate is bonded to the inner wall of the third mounting hole.

[0030] In a possible design, the edge of the cathode plate frame, the edge of the membrane electrode frame and the edge of the anode plate frame are bonded and connected in sequence.

[0031] In a possible design, positioning members and positioning holes are provided at the corners of the frame assembly, and the positioning holes penetrate the stacked cathode plate frame, the membrane electrode frame and the anode plate frame. The positioning members are arranged in the positioning holes, and part of the positioning members extend out of the positioning holes to extend into the positioning holes of the adjacent fuel cells.

[0032] The present application also provides a fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack comprising:

[0033] At least two stacked fuel cells, wherein the fuel cells are the fuel cells described above;

[0034] The pipeline plug assembly is installed on the frame assembly of the fuel cell and is used to connect the main inlet pipeline with the fluid inflow passage of the frame assembly and connect the main outlet pipeline with the fluid outflow passage of the frame assembly.

[0035] In one possible design, the pipeline plug assembly includes a hydrogen inlet plug-in, a hydrogen outlet plug-in, an oxygen inlet plug-in, an oxygen outlet plug-in, a coolant inlet plug-in, and a coolant outlet plug-in;

[0036] The hydrogen inflow connector has hydrogen inflow sockets corresponding to the number of the fuel cells, and each of the hydrogen inflow sockets is connected to the hydrogen flow inlet;

[0037] The hydrogen outflow connector has hydrogen outflow sockets corresponding to the number of the fuel cells, and each of the hydrogen outflow sockets is connected to a hydrogen outflow outlet;

[0038] The oxygen inflow connector has oxygen inflow sockets corresponding to the number of the fuel cells, and each of the oxygen inflow sockets is connected to the oxygen inflow hole;

[0039] The oxygen outflow connector has oxygen outflow sockets corresponding to the number of the fuel cells, and each of the oxygen outflow sockets is connected to the oxygen outflow port;

[0040] The coolant inflow connector has coolant inflow sockets corresponding to the number of the fuel cells, and each of the coolant inflow sockets is connected to a coolant inflow passage;

[0041] The coolant outflow connector has coolant inflow sockets corresponding to the number of the fuel cells, and each of the coolant inflow sockets is connected to a coolant outflow passage.

[0042] In a possible design, when the oxygen inlet and the hydrogen inlet are distributed on the first surface along the thickness direction of the fuel cell, the outflow ends of the oxygen inlet connector and the hydrogen inlet connector are arranged crosswise, so that each of the oxygen inlet sockets and each of the hydrogen inlet sockets are staggered in sequence along the thickness direction of the fuel cell;

[0043] When the oxygen flow outlet and the hydrogen flow outlet are distributed on the second surface along the thickness direction of the fuel cell, the inflow ends of the oxygen flow outlet connector and the hydrogen flow outlet connector are cross-arranged so that the oxygen flow outlet socket and the hydrogen flow outlet socket are staggered in sequence along the thickness direction of the fuel cell.

[0044] In the present application, by setting frame structures that can be bonded to each other on the outer peripheral sides of the plate and the membrane electrode reaction zone and setting the fluid inlet and outlet on the two end sides of the frame structure, the effective reaction area is increased and the efficiency of the plate is increased. Through the complete symmetry of the bonding paths of the frame structure, when the single cells are assembled into a fuel cell stack, all bonding paths have sufficient support to prevent the structure from opening, effectively ensuring the safe operation of the stack. At the same time, when assembled into a fuel cell stack, the positioning structures set at the four corners of the frame structure can be embedded in each other, and can simultaneously play the functions of lateral positioning and longitudinal positioning. Ensure that the paths of the single cell reaction zones are consistent, and when the stack is assembled, the single cell internodes are bound and the fluid inlet and outlet are fixed. In this way, 1-n pipeline plug-ins can be directly matched, and when the fluid enters and exits, all single cells can receive the fluids at the same time for reaction, ensuring the uniformity of the stack reaction.

[0045] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination of the integrated fuel cell structure;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell stack provided in this application;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an explosion of a fuel cell provided in this application;

[0049] Figure 4a , 4b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane electrode frame provided in this application;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cathode plate frame (facing the gas field side) provided in this application;

[0051] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the framework component and the reaction component are integrated;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cathode monopolar plate (facing the water field) provided in this application;

[0053] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a membrane electrode assembly provided in this application;

[0054] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the positioning structure of the frame assembly provided in this application;

[0055] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a connector in which hydrogen flows in an embodiment;

[0056] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of hydrogen gas flowing into the socket;

[0057] Fig.12 A schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen inflow connector in another embodiment;

[0058] Fig.13 To adopt Fig.12 Schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack with a connector structure.

[0059] Reference numerals:

[0060] 1- Fuel cell;

[0061] 11- cathode monopolar plate;

[0062] 111-cathode adhesive;

[0063] 12- membrane electrode assembly;

[0064] 13- anode monopolar plate;

[0065] 131- anode adhesive;

[0066] 14- cathode plate frame;

[0067] 141-coolant inflow passage;

[0068] 142-coolant outflow passage;

[0069] 143-third mounting hole;

[0070] 15- membrane electrode frame;

[0071] 151-first mounting hole;

[0072] 152-side 1;

[0073] 152a- oxygen flow inlet;

[0074] 152b-hydrogen gas flow inlet;

[0075] 153-side 2;

[0076] 153a- oxygen outflow port;

[0077] 153b-hydrogen gas flow outlet;

[0078] 154-side 3;

[0079] 154a- oxygen flows into the guide groove;

[0080] 154b- oxygen outflow guide groove;

[0081] 155-4th side;

[0082] 155a-Hydrogen flows into the guide groove;

[0083] 155b-hydrogen flow out of the guide groove;

[0084] 16- anode plate frame;

[0085] 161- second mounting hole;

[0086] 17- positioning member;

[0087] 18- positioning hole;

[0088] 19- Seal;

[0089] 2-Fuel cell stack;

[0090] 21-Hydrogen flows into the connector;

[0091] 211-Hydrogen flows into the socket;

[0092] 211a-first end;

[0093] 211b-second end;

[0094] 212 - distribution hood;

[0095] 212a- total flow inlet;

[0096] 213- Transition section;

[0097] 22- oxygen outflow connector;

[0098] 221- oxygen outflow socket;

[0099] 23-Oxygen flows into the connector;

[0100] 231 - oxygen inflow socket;

[0101] 24-Hydrogen flows out of the connector;

[0102] 241-Hydrogen flow outlet;

[0103] 25-Coolant flows into the connector;

[0104] 251-coolant inflow socket;

[0105] 26-Coolant flows out of the connector;

[0106] 261-Coolant outflow socket.

[0107] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0108] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0109] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0110] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0111] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0112] It should be noted that the directional words such as "upper", "lower", "left", and "right" described in the embodiments of the present application are described at the angles shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In addition, in the context, it is also necessary to understand that when it is mentioned that an element is connected to another element "upper" or "lower", it can not only be directly connected to another element "upper" or "lower", but also indirectly connected to another element "upper" or "lower" through an intermediate element.

[0113] The fuel cell stack may be a hydrogen fuel cell, and the fuel cell stack may include a plurality of stacked single fuel cells, each of which includes a stacked cathode monopolar plate, a membrane electrode assembly, and a cathode monopolar plate. The fuel gas enters between the anode monopolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly, and the oxidant gas enters between the cathode monopolar plate and the membrane electrode assembly. The fuel gas and the oxidant gas undergo an electrochemical reaction through the membrane electrode assembly to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. The fuel gas may be hydrogen, and the oxidant gas may be oxygen or air.

[0114] like Figure 1The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell 1. The fuel cell 1 includes a seal 19, a cathode monopolar plate 11, a cathode adhesive 111, a membrane electrode assembly 12, an anode adhesive 131 and an anode monopolar plate 13. The cathode monopolar plate 11 and the membrane electrode assembly 12 are bonded and connected by the cathode adhesive 111, and the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the anode monopolar plate 13 are bonded and connected by the anode adhesive 131. The seal 19 is sealingly arranged between the cathode monopolar plate 11 of a fuel cell 1 and the anode monopolar plate 13 of the next adjacent fuel cell 1.

[0115] Among them, each component has a hydrogen cavity port, a water cavity port and an oxygen cavity port that are relatively distributed at both ends of the flow field area / reaction area. The reactants (hydrogen and oxygen entering the fuel cell 1) flow in from one end, and the products (hydrogen, oxygen and water remaining after the reaction) flow out from the other end. In order to allow the reactants and products to flow, a flow structure must be set between the hydrogen cavity port and the hydrogen field, the oxygen cavity port and the oxygen field, and the water cavity port and the cooling field. Therefore, the flow field area of ​​the fuel cell 1 accounts for about 60% of the overall plate surface, and the rest needs to be arranged with fluid cavities and flow structures, which greatly reduces the effective reaction area and reduces the efficiency.

[0116] Secondly, Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the cathode adhesive 111 is not provided with a seal for the oxygen cavity port, and the anode adhesive 131 is not provided with a seal for the hydrogen cavity port. The anode adhesive 131 and the cathode adhesive 111 are asymmetrically arranged in the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1, so that the bonding path and the sealing path are not completely symmetrical. Therefore, at the asymmetrical places such as the hydrogen cavity and the oxygen cavity entrance, the part connected by the adhesive is easy to open due to the introduction of the reaction gas during operation, and in the long-term operation process, it is easy to be corroded by the acidic substances produced by the reaction, resulting in the loss of the adhesive body, further increasing the possibility of opening during ventilation, resulting in sealing failure, and causing leakage problems, thereby causing safety problems such as burning of the pile and efficiency problems such as pressure drop caused by gas leakage.

[0117] In addition, when assembling a fuel cell stack, the fluid flows from one side of the stack to the other side along the stacking direction of the stack. Between the first and last single cells, the fluid arrival time varies in each section, increasing the unevenness of the stack reaction.

[0118] To this end, this embodiment provides a fuel cell stack to solve the above technical problems. The structure of the fuel cell stack will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0119] like Figure 2The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell stack 2, which includes a plurality of stacked fuel cells 1 and a pipe plug assembly, which is used to connect the fuel cell 1, the main inlet pipe and the main outlet pipe. The fuel cell 1 shown in the figure has an X direction, a Y direction, and a Z direction. It should be noted that the fuel cell 1 is a roughly rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the X direction, Y direction, and Z direction in the figure are the width direction X, the length direction Y, and the height direction of the fuel cell 1. The directions of the width direction X, the length direction Y, and the height direction Z are roughly perpendicular.

[0120] Specifically, the fuel cell 1 includes a reaction assembly and a frame assembly, wherein the reaction assembly includes a cathode monopolar plate 11, a membrane electrode assembly 12 and an anode monopolar plate 13 stacked in sequence, and the frame assembly is arranged at the periphery of the reaction assembly, and the frame assembly is provided with a fluid inflow passage and a fluid outflow passage. The reaction fluid can flow to the reaction assembly through the fluid inflow passage, and the product fluid can flow out of the reaction assembly through the fluid outflow passage.

[0121] In the present embodiment, a frame assembly is arranged at the periphery of the reaction assembly so that the fluid inlet passage and the fluid outlet passage are arranged on the frame assembly. Compared with the traditional fuel cell 1 in which the fluid inlet passage and the fluid outlet passage are arranged on the cathode monopolar plate 11, the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the anode monopolar plate 13, the present embodiment increases the effective reaction area on the cathode monopolar plate 11, the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the anode monopolar plate 13, thereby improving the reaction efficiency.

[0122] It can be understood that the reaction fluid is the hydrogen, oxygen and cooling liquid participating in the reaction, and the product fluid is the remaining hydrogen, oxygen, generated water and cooling liquid.

[0123] Furthermore, if Figure 3 The exploded schematic diagram of a single fuel cell 1 is shown, wherein the frame assembly includes an anode plate frame 16, a membrane electrode frame 15 and a cathode plate frame 14, the membrane electrode assembly 12 is mounted on the membrane electrode frame 15, the cathode monopolar plate 11 is mounted on the cathode plate frame 14, and the anode monopolar plate 13 is mounted on the anode plate frame 16. It should be noted that the anode plate frame 16, the membrane electrode frame 15 and the cathode plate frame 14 are all hollow frame structures, so that the cathode monopolar plate 11, the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the anode monopolar plate 13 in the fuel cell 1 are arranged adjacent to each other without obstruction. The following describes in detail how the plates and the frame are connected.

[0124] Among them, Figure 4a The structure diagram of the membrane electrode frame 15 facing the cathode monopolar plate 11 is shown as follows. Figure 4a The structure diagram of the membrane electrode frame 15 facing the anode monopolar plate 13 is shown in FIG. Figure 4a and 4bThe fluid inflow passage includes a hydrogen inflow passage and an oxygen inflow passage provided on one side of the membrane electrode frame 15, and the fluid outflow passage includes a hydrogen outflow passage and an oxygen outflow passage provided on the other side of the membrane electrode frame 15. Oxygen can flow between the cathode unipolar plate 11 and the membrane electrode assembly 12 through the oxygen inflow passage, and flow out through the oxygen outflow passage. Hydrogen can flow between the anode unipolar plate 13 and the membrane electrode assembly 12 through the hydrogen inflow passage, and flow out through the hydrogen outflow passage.

[0125] For details, please continue to refer to Figure 4a and Figure 4b Along the length direction Y of the fuel cell 1, the membrane electrode frame 15 has a first surface 152 and a second surface 153 that are arranged opposite to each other. Along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1, the membrane electrode frame 15 has a third surface 154 and a fourth surface 155 that are arranged opposite to each other. The first surface 152 is perpendicular to the third surface 154 and the fourth surface 155, respectively. The second surface 153 is perpendicular to the third surface 154 and the fourth surface 155, respectively. Moreover, the third surface 154 is the surface of the membrane electrode assembly 12 facing the cathode monopolar plate 11, and the fourth surface 155 is the surface of the membrane electrode assembly 12 facing the anode monopolar plate 13.

[0126] The oxygen inflow passage includes an oxygen inlet 152a and an oxygen inflow guide groove 154a which are connected to each other. The oxygen inlet 152a is arranged on the first surface 152, and the oxygen inflow guide groove 154a is arranged on the third surface 154, and is connected with the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly 12. The oxygen inlet 152a is arranged close to the third surface 154. That is to say, the oxygen inflow guide groove 154a connects the oxygen inlet 152a and the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly 12, and oxygen can flow to the reaction area between the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the cathode monopolar plate 11 through the oxygen inlet 152a and the oxygen inflow guide groove 154a.

[0127] The oxygen outflow passage includes an oxygen outflow outlet 153a and an oxygen outflow guide groove 154b which are connected to each other. The oxygen outflow outlet 153a is arranged on the second surface 153, and the oxygen outflow guide groove 154b is arranged on the third surface 154, and is connected with the reaction zone of the membrane electrode assembly 12. Among them, the oxygen outflow outlet 153a is arranged close to the third surface 154. That is to say, the oxygen outflow guide groove 154b connects the oxygen outflow outlet 153a and the reaction zone of the membrane electrode assembly 12, and the remaining oxygen and the water obtained by the reaction can flow out of the reaction zone between the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the cathode monopolar plate 11 through the oxygen outflow guide groove 154b and the oxygen outflow outlet 153a.

[0128] The hydrogen inflow passage includes a hydrogen inlet 152b and a hydrogen inflow guide groove 155a which are connected, an oxygen inlet 152a is arranged on the first surface 152, and a hydrogen inflow guide groove 155a is arranged on the fourth surface 155, and is connected with the reaction zone of the membrane electrode assembly 12. Among them, the oxygen inlet 152a is arranged close to the fourth surface 155. That is to say, the hydrogen inflow guide groove 155a connects the hydrogen inlet 152b and the reaction zone of the membrane electrode assembly 12, and hydrogen can flow the hydrogen inlet 152b and the hydrogen inflow guide groove 155a to the reaction zone between the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the anode monopolar plate 13.

[0129] The hydrogen outflow passage includes a hydrogen outflow outlet 153b and a hydrogen outflow guide groove 155b which are connected to each other. The hydrogen outflow outlet 153b is arranged on the second surface 153, and the hydrogen outflow guide groove 155b is arranged on the fourth surface 155, and is connected with the reaction zone of the membrane electrode assembly 12. The hydrogen outflow outlet 153b is arranged close to the fourth surface 155. That is to say, the hydrogen outflow guide groove 155b connects the hydrogen outflow outlet 153b and the reaction zone of the membrane electrode assembly 12, and the remaining hydrogen can flow out of the reaction zone between the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the anode monopolar plate 13 through the hydrogen outflow guide groove 155b and the hydrogen outflow outlet 153b.

[0130] In this embodiment, the oxygen inlet 152a and the hydrogen inlet 152b are provided on the first surface 152, and there is a gap between them. The oxygen inlet guide groove 154a is provided on the third surface 154, and the bottom wall of the oxygen inlet guide groove 154a is at a certain distance from the fourth surface 155. The hydrogen inlet guide groove 155a is provided on the fourth surface 155, and the bottom wall of the hydrogen inlet guide groove 155a is at a certain distance from the third surface 154, so that the fluids are separated from each other, and there is no need to set a sealing structure at each port and the periphery of the guide groove, and there will be no safety problems such as leakage, thereby ensuring the stability of the operation of the fuel cell 1.

[0131] Similarly, the oxygen flow outlet 153a and the hydrogen flow outlet 153b are provided on the second surface 153, and there is a gap between them. The oxygen outflow guide groove 154b is provided on the third surface 154, and the bottom wall of the oxygen outflow guide groove 154b is spaced from the fourth surface 155, and the hydrogen outflow guide groove 155b is provided on the fourth surface 155, and the bottom wall of the hydrogen outflow guide groove 155b is spaced from the third surface 154, so that the fluids are separated from each other, and there is no need to set a sealing structure at each port and the periphery of the guide groove, and there will be no safety problems such as leakage, thereby ensuring the stability of the operation of the fuel cell 1.

[0132] In addition, in this embodiment, the inlet and outlet of each fluid are separately arranged, and when the fluid is flowing in and out, all fuel cells 1 can simultaneously receive the fluids for reaction, thereby ensuring the reaction uniformity of the fuel cell stack 2 .

[0133] Please continue to refer to Figure 4a and Figure 4b In some embodiments, the oxygen inlet 152a and the hydrogen inlet 152b are distributed on the first surface 152 along the width direction X of the fuel cell 1 , and the oxygen outlet 153a and the hydrogen outlet 153b are distributed on the second surface 153 along the width direction X of the fuel cell 1 .

[0134] Among them, along the width direction X of the fuel cell 1, the length of the oxygen inlet 152a and the length of the hydrogen inlet 152b account for 45% of the length of the first surface 152, and the length of the oxygen outlet 153a and the length of the hydrogen outlet 153b account for 45% of the length of the second surface 153. Along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1, along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1, the width of the oxygen inlet 152a and the width of the hydrogen inlet 152b account for 80% of the width of the first surface 152, and the width of the oxygen outlet 153a and the width of the hydrogen outlet 153b account for 80% of the width of the second surface 153. That is, the sum of the end surface area of ​​the oxygen inlet 152a and the end surface area of ​​the hydrogen inlet 152b is limited to be smaller than the area of ​​the first surface 152, and the sum of the end surface area of ​​the oxygen outlet 153a and the end surface area of ​​the hydrogen outlet 153b is limited to be smaller than the area of ​​the second surface 153.

[0135] Alternatively, the oxygen inlet 152a and the hydrogen inlet 152b are distributed on the first surface 152 along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1 , and the oxygen outlet 153a and the hydrogen outlet 153b are distributed on the second surface 153 along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1 .

[0136] Among them, along the width direction X of the fuel cell 1, the length of the oxygen inlet 152a and the length of the hydrogen inlet 152b account for 80% of the length of the first surface 152, and the length of the oxygen outlet 153a and the length of the hydrogen outlet 153b account for 80% of the length of the second surface 153. Along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1, along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1, the width of the oxygen inlet 152a and the width of the hydrogen inlet 152b account for 45% of the width of the first surface 152, and the width of the oxygen outlet 153a and the width of the hydrogen outlet 153b account for 45% of the width of the second surface 153. In other words, it is necessary to limit the sum of the end surface area of ​​the oxygen inlet 152a and the end surface area of ​​the hydrogen inlet 152b to be less than the area of ​​the first surface 152, and limit the sum of the end surface area of ​​the oxygen outlet 153a and the end surface area of ​​the hydrogen outlet 153b to be less than the area of ​​the second surface 153.

[0137] The fluid inflow passage also includes a coolant inflow passage 141 and a coolant outflow passage 142, wherein the coolant inflow passage 141 and the coolant outflow passage 142 can be set in the cathode plate frame 14, or in the anode plate frame 16, or in both the anode plate frame 16 and the cathode plate frame 14.

[0138] Taking the cooling liquid inflow passage 141 and the cooling liquid outflow passage 142 as an example, Figure 5 The structure diagram of the cathode plate frame 14 (facing the gas field side) is shown. Along the width direction X of the fuel cell 1, the coolant inflow passage 141 is opened on one side of the cathode plate frame 14, and the coolant inflow passage 141 can extend to communicate with the water field between the anode monopolar plate 13 and the cathode monopolar plate 11, and the coolant outflow passage 142 is opened on the other side of the cathode plate frame 14, and the coolant outflow passage 142 can extend to communicate with the water field between the anode monopolar plate 13 and the cathode monopolar plate 11, so that the coolant can flow between the anode monopolar plate 13 and the cathode monopolar plate 11 through the coolant inflow passage 141, and flow out through the coolant outflow passage 142.

[0139] Similarly, when the coolant inlet passage 141 and the coolant outlet passage 142 are provided on the anode plate frame 16 , the structural distribution of the coolant inlet passage 141 and the coolant outlet passage 142 is the same as above, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0140] Furthermore, the width of the coolant inlet passage 141 and the width of the coolant outlet passage 142 respectively account for 60% of the end surface width of the cathode plate frame 14 / anode plate frame 16, and the width of the coolant inlet passage 141 and the height of the coolant outlet passage 142 respectively account for 90% of the end surface height of the cathode plate frame 14 / anode plate frame 16.

[0141] In some embodiments, the frame assembly and the reaction assembly may be an integral structure, such as Figure 6 That is, the cathode plate frame 14, the membrane electrode frame 15 and the anode plate frame 16 are formed on the periphery of the cathode monopolar plate 11, the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the anode monopolar plate 13 by an integral injection molding process, so as to embed the cathode monopolar plate 11, the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the anode monopolar plate 13 together to form an integral structure.

[0142] In some embodiments, the frame assembly and the reaction assembly may be bonded. That is, the cathode plate frame 14, the membrane electrode frame 15 and the anode plate frame 16 may be manufactured separately first, and then the cathode monopolar plate 11 is installed on the cathode plate frame 14, the membrane electrode assembly 12 is installed on the membrane electrode frame 15, and the anode monopolar plate 13 is installed on the anode plate frame 16, and finally the cathode plate frame 14, the membrane electrode frame 15 and the anode plate frame 16 are connected.

[0143] Specifically, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4a and Figure 4b The membrane electrode frame 15 has a first mounting hole 151, the membrane electrode assembly 12 is embedded in the first mounting hole 151, and the edge of the membrane electrode assembly 12 is bonded to the inner wall of the first mounting hole 151. The reaction surfaces on both sides of the membrane electrode assembly 12 are connected to the two surfaces of the membrane electrode frame 15 along the thickness direction Z (almost parallel), so that each fluid flows to the corresponding reaction area.

[0144] It should be noted that the membrane electrode assembly 12 may only include a reaction area, that is, the front surface of the membrane electrode assembly 12 is set as a reaction surface. Alternatively, the membrane electrode assembly 12 may include a reaction area and an edge area, and the edge area is located at the periphery of the reaction area and is used for connecting the membrane electrode frame 15. That is, a small edge area is reserved at the periphery of the membrane electrode assembly 12 and does not participate in the reaction work as a reaction surface, so that the edge area is connected to the membrane electrode frame as a connecting part.

[0145] Please continue to refer to Figure 3 The anode monopolar plate 13 can be bonded to the side of the anode plate frame 16 close to the gas field. Specifically, an adhesive is provided on the edge of the anode monopolar plate 13 facing the water field. The anode plate frame 16 has a second mounting hole 161. The outer circle of the second mounting hole 161 facing the gas field is provided with an adhesive. The anode monopolar plate 13 is bonded to the anode plate frame 16.

[0146] Alternatively, the anode plate frame 16 has a second mounting hole 161 , the anode monopolar plate 13 is embedded in the second mounting hole 161 , and the edge of the anode monopolar plate 13 is bonded and connected to the inner wall of the second mounting hole 161 .

[0147] When the coolant inflow passage 141 and the coolant outflow passage 142 are arranged on the anode plate frame 16, the coolant inflow passage 141 and the coolant outflow passage 142 are both connected to the second mounting hole 161. The thickness of the anode monopolar plate 13 needs to be smaller than the thickness of the anode plate frame 16, and the area where it is connected to the anode plate frame 16 has a certain distance from the coolant inflow and outflow passages, so that the fluids are separated from each other, so as to avoid blocking the coolant inflow passage 141 and the coolant outflow passage 142 when the anode monopolar plate 13 is embedded in the second mounting hole 161, or the coolant leaks to the hydrogen field side, so as to ensure the stable flow of the coolant and the separation of the fluids.

[0148] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cathode monopolar plate 11 (facing the water field), please continue to refer to Figure 5 and Figure 7The cathode monopolar plate 11 can be bonded to the side of the cathode plate frame 14 close to the gas field. Specifically, the edge of the cathode monopolar plate 11 facing the water field is provided with adhesive, and the cathode plate frame 14 has a third mounting hole 143. The outer circle of the third mounting hole 143 facing the gas field is provided with adhesive (the shaded area in the figure), and the cathode monopolar plate 11 is bonded and connected to the cathode plate frame 14.

[0149] Alternatively, the cathode plate frame 14 has a third mounting hole 143 , the cathode monopolar plate 11 is embedded in the third mounting hole 143 , and the edge of the cathode monopolar plate 11 is bonded and connected to the inner wall of the third mounting hole 143 .

[0150] Among them, when the coolant inflow passage 141 and the coolant outflow passage 142 are arranged on the cathode plate frame 14, the coolant inflow passage 141 and the coolant outflow passage 142 are both connected to the third mounting hole 143. The thickness of the cathode monopolar plate 11 needs to be less than the thickness of the cathode plate frame 14, and the area where it is connected to the cathode plate frame 14 has a certain distance from the coolant inflow and outflow passages, so that the fluids are separated from each other, so as to avoid blocking the coolant inflow passage 141 and the coolant outflow passage 142 when the cathode monopolar plate 11 is embedded in the third mounting hole 143, or the coolant leaking to the hydrogen field side, so as to ensure the stable flow of the coolant and the separation of the fluids.

[0151] like Figure 8 As shown in the schematic diagram of the membrane electrode assembly 12, adhesives (shaded parts in the figure) are provided on the edges of both sides of the membrane electrode assembly 12 to enable the edge of the cathode plate frame 14, the edge of the membrane electrode frame 15 and the edge of the anode plate frame 16 to be bonded and connected in sequence.

[0152] The adhesive mentioned above may be one or more of silane coupling agent, Chemlock, epoxy resin, etc. Alternatively, other adhesives may be used, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0153] In this embodiment, the bonding paths between the frames and the bonding paths between the frames and the plates are symmetrical paths. When the fuel cell 1 is assembled into a fuel cell stack 2, all bonding paths have sufficient supporting force to prevent the structure from opening, thereby effectively ensuring the safe operation of the fuel cell stack 2.

[0154] In some embodiments, in order to further define the positions of adjacent fuel cells 1, positioning structures are provided at the corners of the frame assembly. Fig. 9 , Fig. 9It is a schematic diagram of the positioning structure of the frame assembly. Positioning members 17 and positioning holes 18 are provided at the corners of the frame assembly. The positioning member 17 is a drum-shaped structure, and the positioning hole 18 part is completely consistent with the shape of the positioning member 17 part. The positioning hole 18 runs through the stacked cathode plate frame 14, the membrane electrode frame 15 and the anode plate frame 16, and the height of the positioning member 17 is 95% of the total height of the frame assembly. During assembly, the positioning member 17 is set in the positioning hole 18, and part of the positioning member 17 extends out of the positioning hole 18 and extends into the positioning hole 18 of the adjacent fuel cell 1, which simultaneously plays the role of lateral positioning and longitudinal positioning for the adjacent fuel cell 1. The lateral positioning is consistent with the traditional integrated stack, ensuring the consistency of the reaction zone path of the fuel cell 1, and the longitudinal positioning has both the binding function of the individual fuel cell 1 internode when stacking and the function of fixing the fluid inlet and outlet, which is convenient for the subsequent assembly of the fluid inlet and outlet and the pipeline plug assembly.

[0155] Please refer again Figure 1 The pipeline plug-in group is installed on the frame assembly of the fuel cell 1, and is used to connect the main inlet pipeline with the fluid inflow passage of the frame assembly, and to connect the main outlet pipeline with the fluid outflow passage of the frame assembly.

[0156] Specifically, the pipeline plug assembly includes a hydrogen inflow plug-in 21, a hydrogen outflow plug-in 24, an oxygen inflow plug-in 23, an oxygen outflow plug-in 22, a coolant inflow plug-in 25, and a coolant outflow plug-in 26. The hydrogen inflow plug-in 21 and the oxygen inflow plug-in 23 are installed on one side of the frame assembly along the length direction Y of the fuel cell 1, and the hydrogen outflow plug-in 24 and the oxygen outflow plug-in 22 are installed on the other side of the frame assembly along the length direction Y of the fuel cell 1. The coolant inflow plug-in 25 is installed on one side of the frame assembly along the width direction X of the fuel cell 1, and the coolant outflow plug-in 26 is installed on the other side of the frame assembly along the width direction X of the fuel cell 1.

[0157] Among them, Fig.10 The structure diagram of hydrogen flowing into the connector 21 is shown. The structures of the other connectors are similar to Fig.10 The structure shown is similar, please refer to Fig.10 Please refer to Figure 3 and Fig.10 The hydrogen inflow connector 21 has hydrogen inflow sockets 211 corresponding to the number of fuel cells 1, and each hydrogen inflow socket 211 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 152b. The hydrogen outflow connector 24 has hydrogen outflow sockets 241 corresponding to the number of fuel cells 1, and each hydrogen outflow socket 241 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 153b.

[0158] The oxygen inlet connector 23 has oxygen inlet ports 231 corresponding to the number of fuel cells 1, and each oxygen inlet port 231 is connected to the oxygen inlet hole. The oxygen outlet connector 22 has oxygen outlet ports 221 corresponding to the number of fuel cells 1, and each oxygen outlet port 221 is connected to the oxygen outlet 153a.

[0159] The coolant inflow connector 25 has coolant inflow sockets 251 corresponding to the number of fuel cells 1, and each coolant inflow socket 251 is connected to the coolant inflow passage 141. The coolant outflow connector 26 has coolant outflow sockets 261 corresponding to the number of fuel cells 1, and each coolant outflow socket 261 is connected to the coolant outflow passage 142.

[0160] For example, the fuel cell stack 2 has 25 fuel cells 1 stacked together, and thus has 25 membrane electrode frames 15, 25 hydrogen flow inlets 152b, hydrogen flow outlets 153b, oxygen flow inlets 152a, and oxygen flow outlets 153a, and the corresponding hydrogen inlet connector 21 has 25 hydrogen inlet sockets 211, the hydrogen outflow connector 24 has 25 hydrogen outflow sockets 241, the oxygen inlet connector 23 has 25 oxygen inlet sockets 231, and the oxygen outflow connector 22 has 25 oxygen outflow sockets 221.

[0161] The number and arrangement of the coolant inlet sockets 251 and the coolant outlet sockets 261 are the same as above, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0162] Please continue to refer to Fig.10 The hydrogen inflow connector 21 also includes a distribution cover 212. Each hydrogen inflow socket 211 is formed on the distribution cover 212 and protrudes in a direction away from the distribution cover 212 so as to be inserted into the hydrogen inlet 152b. A total flow inlet 212a is provided at one end of the distribution cover 212 away from the hydrogen inflow socket 211 to facilitate the connection of an external total inlet pipeline.

[0163] like Fig.11 The schematic diagram of hydrogen inflow into the socket 211 is shown, and the structure of the other sockets is similar to Fig.11 The structure shown is similar, please refer to Fig.11 The hydrogen inlet 211 has a first end 211a and a second end 211b. Fig.10 The first end 211a is connected to the total flow inlet 212a, and the second end 211b is matched with the hydrogen flow inlet 152b. The diameter of the second end 211b is smaller than that of the first end 211a, so that the second end 211b can be inserted into the hydrogen flow inlet 152b.

[0164] It should be noted that Fig.10The connector structure shown is a structure suitable for when the hydrogen inlet 152b and the oxygen inlet 152a are distributed on the first surface 152 along the width direction X of the fuel cell 1, and the hydrogen outlet 153b and the oxygen outlet 153a are distributed on the second surface 153 along the width direction X of the fuel cell 1.

[0165] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 When the oxygen inlet 152a and the hydrogen inlet 152b are distributed on the first surface 152 along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1, the outflow ends of the oxygen inlet connector 23 and the hydrogen inlet connector 21 are arranged crosswise, so that each oxygen inlet socket 231 and each hydrogen inlet socket 211 are staggered in sequence along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1. For details, please refer to Fig.12 , Fig.12 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the hydrogen inflow connector 21 in another embodiment. The structure of the remaining connectors is similar to that of FIG. Fig.12 The structure shown is similar, please refer to Fig.12 .

[0166] Please continue to refer to Fig.12 The hydrogen inflow connector 21 has a distribution cover 212, a plurality of transition sections 213 and a plurality of hydrogen inflow sockets 211. The number of the distribution sections is set corresponding to the number of the hydrogen inflow sockets 211, and the hydrogen can flow to each hydrogen inflow socket 211 through the transition section 213. The transition section 213 has a plug-in surface, which is an inclined surface. The cross-section of the transition section 213 gradually increases toward the direction close to the hydrogen inflow socket 211, so that the transition section 213 of the hydrogen inflow connector 21 and the transition section 213 of the oxygen inflow connector 23 are arranged to intersect along the inclined surfaces of the two, thereby realizing that the hydrogen inflow socket 211 and the oxygen inflow socket 231 are staggered in sequence along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1. For details, please refer to Fig.13 , Fig.13 To adopt Fig.12 Schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack 2 with a connector structure.

[0167] Similarly, when the oxygen outlet 153a and the hydrogen outlet 153b are distributed on the second surface 153 along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1, the inflow ends of the oxygen outlet connector 22 and the hydrogen outlet connector 24 are arranged crosswise, so that the oxygen outlet socket 221 and the hydrogen outlet socket 241 are staggeredly distributed in sequence along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1. The specific structure of the oxygen outlet connector 22 and the hydrogen outlet connector 24 can be referred to Fig.12 .

[0168] In this embodiment, by connecting connectors at the inlets and outlets of each fluid, all fuel cells 1 can simultaneously receive the fluid for reaction when the fluid flows in and out, so as to ensure the uniformity of the reaction of the fuel cell stack 2.

[0169] Based on the above structural content, this embodiment describes the possible structure of the fuel cell stack 2 according to two connection methods between the frame assembly and the reaction assembly.

[0170] In a specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 The fuel cell stack 2 is formed by stacking 25 fuel cells 1, and the 25 fuel cells 1 are connected to the total inlet and outlet pipelines through a pipeline plug-in assembly. The fuel cell 1 at least includes a cathode monopolar plate 11, a membrane electrode assembly 12 (including a proton membrane and a gas diffusion layer), an anode monopolar plate 13, a cathode plate frame 14, a membrane electrode frame 15 and an anode plate frame 16. Among them, the cathode monopolar plate 11 and the anode monopolar plate 13 both include a flow field area and an edge portion of the flow field area, and adhesive is coated on the edge of the flow field area facing the water field side, which is convenient for connection with the frame assembly (cathode plate frame 14 and anode plate frame 16). The area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly 12 is consistent with the sum of the flow field area and the edge of the flow field area of ​​the plate, and adhesive is coated on both sides of the portion where the edge path of the flow field area of ​​the plate overlaps to facilitate connection with the frame assembly (membrane electrode frame 15).

[0171] The cathode plate frame 14 is coated with adhesive on the gas field side and connected to the edge of the cathode plate flow field area (coated with adhesive on the water field side). At the same time, the cathode plate frame 14 has a coolant inflow channel perpendicular to the reaction surface and the flow channel at one end of the reaction area, and a coolant outflow channel perpendicular to the reaction surface and the flow channel at the opposite end. The width of the coolant inflow channel 141 and the width of the coolant outflow channel 142 are 60% of the width of the cathode plate frame 14, and the height of the coolant inflow channel 141 and the height of the coolant outflow channel 142 are 90% of the height of the cathode plate frame 14.

[0172] The anode plate frame 16 is coated with adhesive on the side facing the gas field, and is connected to the edge of the flow field area of ​​the anode monopolar plate 13 (coated with adhesive on the side facing the water field).

[0173] The membrane electrode frame 15 is connected to the edge of the reaction zone of the membrane electrode assembly 12, and the edge of the reaction zone of the membrane electrode assembly 12 is embedded in the first mounting hole 151 of the membrane electrode frame 15, so that the two end surfaces of the membrane electrode frame 15 along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1 are respectively connected with the two end surfaces of the membrane electrode assembly 12. The edges of the membrane electrode frame 15 at both ends along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1 are coated with adhesive to facilitate connection with the cathode plate frame 14 and the anode plate frame 16.

[0174] The membrane electrode frame 15 is provided with an oxygen inlet 152a perpendicular to the reaction surface and the flow channel at one end of the reaction zone near the cathode monopolar plate 11, and an oxygen outlet 153a perpendicular to the reaction surface and the flow channel at the opposite end near the cathode monopolar plate 11. The width of the oxygen inlet 152a and the width of the oxygen outlet 153a are 45% of the width of the membrane electrode frame 15, and the height of the oxygen inlet 152a and the height of the oxygen outlet 153a are 80% of the height of the membrane electrode frame 15. An oxygen inflow guide groove 154a is provided between the oxygen inlet 152a and the reaction zone, and the oxygen inflow guide groove 154a completely connects the oxygen inlet 152a and the reaction zone, and the height of each of the oxygen inflow guide grooves 154a is 90% of the thickness of the membrane electrode frame 15 between the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the cathode monopolar plate 11, and the bottom of the oxygen inflow guide groove 154a is 0.1 mm away from the membrane electrode assembly 12. An oxygen outflow guide groove 154b is provided between the oxygen outflow outlet 153a and the reaction zone. The oxygen outflow guide groove 154b completely connects the oxygen outflow outlet 153a and the reaction zone, and its height is 90% of the thickness of the membrane electrode frame 15 between the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the cathode monopolar plate 11, and its bottom is 0.1 mm away from the membrane electrode assembly 12.

[0175] Correspondingly, the membrane electrode frame 15 is provided with a hydrogen inlet 152b perpendicular to the reaction surface and the flow channel at one end surface of the reaction zone near the anode monopolar plate 13, and a hydrogen outlet 153b perpendicular to the reaction surface and the flow channel at the opposite end near the anode monopolar plate 13. The width of the hydrogen inlet 152b and the width of the hydrogen outlet 153b are 45% of the width of the membrane electrode frame 15, and the height of the hydrogen inlet 152b and the height of the hydrogen outlet 153b are 80% of the height of the membrane electrode frame 15. A hydrogen inflow guide groove 155a is provided between the hydrogen inlet 152b and the reaction zone, and the hydrogen inflow guide groove 155a completely connects the hydrogen inlet 152b and the reaction zone, and the height of each of the hydrogen inflow guide grooves 155a is 90% of the thickness of the membrane electrode frame 15 between the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the cathode monopolar plate 11, and the bottom of the hydrogen inflow guide groove 155a is 0.1 mm away from the membrane electrode assembly 12. A hydrogen outflow guide groove 155b is provided between the hydrogen flow outlet 153b and the reaction zone. The hydrogen outflow guide groove 155b completely connects the hydrogen flow outlet 153b and the reaction zone, and the height of the hydrogen outflow guide groove 155b is 90% of the thickness of the membrane electrode frame 15 between the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the cathode monopolar plate 11, and the bottom thereof is 0.1 mm away from the membrane electrode assembly 12.

[0176] The four corners of the frame assembly have a positioning joint, which consists of a pin structure protruding from the frame assembly and a hole structure recessed in the frame assembly. The height of the pin structure is 95% of the total thickness of the frame assembly and is drum-shaped. The hole structure is exactly the same as the pin structure. During assembly, part of the pin structure of the 20th frame assembly is embedded in the hole structure of the 19th frame assembly, and so on.

[0177] The end of each connector connected to the fuel cell stack 2 has 25 plug-in ports, which are hollow. One end is embedded in the fluid inlet / outlet and has an interference fit with the fluid inlet / outlet to ensure air tightness. The other end is slightly larger than the embedded end, and its thickness is exactly the same as the thickness of a single fuel cell 1, and is connected to the total inlet 212a of the distribution cover 212.

[0178] The adhesive applied in this embodiment is an epoxy resin adhesive, the polar plates are prepared by a stamping process, and the frame parts are prepared by an injection molding process using a polysulfone material.

[0179] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 , Fig.12 and Fig.13 , which is different from the previous embodiment, the cathode plate frame 14, the membrane electrode frame 15 and the anode plate frame 16 in the frame assembly are injection molded at one time and connected together with the edge of the cathode monopolar plate 11, the edge of the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the edge of the anode monopolar plate 13, so as to fit the cathode monopolar plate 11, the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the anode monopolar plate 13 together to form an integrated structure.

[0180] In this embodiment, the coolant inlet passage 141 and the coolant outlet passage 142 can be arranged on both sides of the anode plate frame 16, and the width of the coolant inlet passage 141 and the width of the coolant outlet passage 142 are 80% of the width of the anode plate frame 16, and the height of the coolant inlet passage 141 and the height of the coolant outlet passage 142 are 80% of the height of the anode plate frame 16.

[0181] In addition, in this embodiment, the oxygen flow inlet 152a and the hydrogen flow inlet 152b are arranged along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1, the oxygen flow outlet 153a and the hydrogen flow outlet 153b are arranged along the thickness direction Z of the fuel cell 1, the width of the oxygen flow inlet 152a and the width of the oxygen flow outlet 153a are 80% of the width of the membrane electrode frame 15, and the height of the oxygen flow inlet 152a and the height of the oxygen flow outlet 153a are 45% of the height of the membrane electrode frame 15.

[0182] In addition, the edges of the cathode monopolar plate 11, the membrane electrode assembly 12 and the anode monopolar plate 13 can be coated with adhesive to increase the connection strength with the corresponding frame. The coated adhesive is a silane coupling agent adhesive, the monopolar plate is prepared by a stamping process, and the frame is integrally prepared using a polyetherimide material by an injection molding process.

[0183] The rest of the contents are the same as those in the above embodiment, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0184] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell, characterized in that: The fuel cell (1) comprises: A reaction assembly, the reaction assembly comprising a cathode monopolar plate (11), a membrane electrode assembly (12), and an anode monopolar plate (13) stacked in sequence; A frame assembly, the frame assembly is arranged at the periphery of the reaction assembly, and the frame assembly is provided with a fluid inflow passage and a fluid outflow passage; wherein the reaction fluid can flow into the reaction assembly through the fluid inflow passage, and the product fluid can flow out of the reaction assembly through the fluid outflow passage; The frame assembly comprises a membrane electrode frame (15), the fluid inflow passage comprises a hydrogen inflow passage and an oxygen inflow passage arranged on one side of the membrane electrode frame (15), and the fluid outflow passage comprises a hydrogen outflow passage and an oxygen outflow passage arranged on the other side of the membrane electrode frame (15); oxygen can flow through the oxygen inflow passage to between the cathode monopolar plate (11) and the membrane electrode assembly (12), and flow out through the oxygen outflow passage; hydrogen can flow through the oxygen inflow passage to between the anode monopolar plate (13) and the membrane electrode assembly (12), and flow out through the hydrogen outflow passage; Along the length direction (Y) of the fuel cell (1), the membrane electrode frame (15) has a first surface (152) and a second surface (153) arranged opposite to each other, the first surface (152) and the second surface (153) being perpendicular to the plane where the flow field is located; the oxygen inflow passage comprises an oxygen inlet (152a), the oxygen inlet (152a) being arranged on the first surface (152), the oxygen outflow passage comprises an oxygen outlet (153a), the oxygen outlet (153a) being arranged on the second surface (153); the hydrogen inflow passage comprises a hydrogen inlet (152b), the hydrogen inlet (152b) being arranged on the first surface (152), the hydrogen outflow passage comprises a hydrogen outlet (153b), the hydrogen outlet (153b) being arranged on the second surface (153); The oxygen flow inlet (152a) and the hydrogen flow inlet (152b) are spaced apart on the first surface (152), and the oxygen flow inlet (152a) and the hydrogen flow inlet (152b) are respectively connected to corresponding connectors; The oxygen flow outlet (153a) and the hydrogen flow outlet (153b) are spaced apart on the second surface (153), and the oxygen flow outlet (153a) and the hydrogen flow outlet (153b) are respectively connected to corresponding connectors.

2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The membrane electrode frame (15) is provided with a first mounting hole (151), and the membrane electrode assembly (12) is mounted in the first mounting hole (151).

3. The fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that Along the thickness direction (Z) of the fuel cell (1), the membrane electrode frame (15) has a third surface (154) and a fourth surface (155) that are arranged opposite to each other; The oxygen inflow passage comprises an oxygen inflow guide groove (154a) connected to the oxygen inlet (152a); the oxygen inflow guide groove (154a) is arranged on the third surface (154) and connected to the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly (12); The oxygen outflow passage comprises an oxygen outflow guide groove (154b) connected to the oxygen outflow outlet (153a); the oxygen outflow guide groove (154b) is arranged on the third surface (154) and connected to the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly (12).

4. The fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that The hydrogen inflow passage comprises a hydrogen inflow guide groove (155a) connected to the hydrogen inlet (152b); the hydrogen inflow guide groove (155a) is arranged on the fourth surface (155) and connected to the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly (12); The hydrogen outflow passage comprises a hydrogen outflow guide groove (155b) connected to the hydrogen outflow outlet (153b); the hydrogen outflow guide groove (155b) is arranged on the fourth surface (155) and connected to the reaction area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly (12).

5. The fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that The oxygen gas inlet (152a) and the hydrogen gas inlet (152b) are distributed on the first surface (152) along the width direction (X) or thickness direction (Z) of the fuel cell (1); The oxygen gas outlet (153a) and the hydrogen gas outlet (153b) are distributed on the second surface (153) along the width direction (X) or the thickness direction (Z) of the fuel cell (1).

6. The fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frame assembly further comprises a cathode plate frame (14) and an anode plate frame (16), the cathode monopolar plate (11) being mounted on the cathode plate frame (14), and the anode monopolar plate (13) being mounted on the anode plate frame (16); The fluid inflow passage also includes a coolant inflow passage (141) and a coolant outflow passage (142), and along the width direction (X) of the fuel cell (1), the coolant inflow passage (141) is opened on one side of the cathode plate frame (14) and / or the anode plate frame (16), and the coolant outflow passage (142) is opened on the other side of the cathode plate frame (14) and / or the anode plate frame (16); The coolant can flow between the anode monopolar plate (13) and the cathode monopolar plate (11) through the coolant inflow passage (141), and flow out through the coolant outflow passage (142).

7. The fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The frame component is formed on the periphery of the reaction component through an integral injection molding process.

8. The fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that The frame component is adhesively connected to the reaction component.

9. The fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The membrane electrode assembly (12) is embedded in the first mounting hole (151), and the edge of the membrane electrode assembly (12) is bonded to the inner wall of the first mounting hole (151).

10. The fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that An adhesive is provided on the edge of the anode monopolar plate (13) facing the water field side, and the anode monopolar plate (13) is adhesively connected to the anode plate frame (16); Alternatively, the anode plate frame (16) has a second mounting hole (161), the anode monopolar plate (13) is embedded in the second mounting hole (161), and the edge of the anode monopolar plate (13) is bonded to the inner wall of the second mounting hole (161).

11. The fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that An adhesive is provided on the edge of the cathode monopolar plate (11) facing the water field, and the cathode monopolar plate (11) is adhesively connected to the cathode plate frame (14); Alternatively, the cathode plate frame (14) has a third mounting hole (143), the cathode monopolar plate (11) is embedded in the third mounting hole (143), and the edge of the cathode monopolar plate (11) is bonded to the inner wall of the third mounting hole (143).

12. The fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The edge of the cathode plate frame (14), the edge of the membrane electrode frame (15), and the edge of the anode plate frame (16) are bonded and connected in sequence.

13. The fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that Positioning members (17) and positioning holes (18) are provided at the corners of the frame assembly; the positioning holes (18) penetrate the stacked cathode plate frame (14), the membrane electrode frame (15) and the anode plate frame (16); the positioning members (17) are arranged in the positioning holes (18), and a portion of the positioning members (17) extends out of the positioning holes (18) to extend into the positioning holes (18) of the adjacent fuel cells (1).

14. A fuel cell stack, characterized in that: The fuel cell stack (2) comprises: At least two stacked fuel cells (1), wherein the fuel cell (1) is the fuel cell (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13; A pipeline plug assembly is installed on the frame assembly of the fuel cell (1) and is used to connect the main inlet pipeline with the fluid inflow passage of the frame assembly and to connect the main outlet pipeline with the fluid outflow passage of the frame assembly.

15. The fuel cell stack according to claim 14, characterized in that: The pipeline plug-in assembly comprises a hydrogen inflow plug-in assembly (21), a hydrogen outflow plug-in assembly (24), an oxygen inflow plug-in assembly (23), an oxygen outflow plug-in assembly (22), a coolant inflow plug-in assembly (25), and a coolant outflow plug-in assembly (26); The hydrogen inflow connector (21) has a number of hydrogen inflow sockets (211) corresponding to the number of the fuel cells (1), and each of the hydrogen inflow sockets (211) is in communication with a hydrogen flow inlet (152b); The hydrogen gas outflow connector (24) has a number of hydrogen gas outflow sockets (241) corresponding to the number of the fuel cells (1), and each of the hydrogen gas outflow sockets (241) is in communication with a hydrogen gas outlet (153b); The oxygen inflow connector (23) has oxygen inflow sockets (231) corresponding to the number of the fuel cells (1), and each of the oxygen inflow sockets (231) is connected to the oxygen inlet (152a); The oxygen outflow connector (22) has oxygen outflow sockets (221) corresponding to the number of the fuel cells (1), and each of the oxygen outflow sockets (221) is in communication with an oxygen outflow port (153a); The coolant inflow connector (25) has a number of coolant inflow sockets (251) corresponding to the number of the fuel cells (1), and each of the coolant inflow sockets (251) is connected to a coolant inflow passage (141); The coolant outflow plug-in connector (26) has a number of coolant outflow sockets (261) corresponding to the number of the fuel cells (1), and each of the coolant outflow sockets (261) is in communication with a coolant outflow passage (142).

16. The fuel cell stack according to claim 15, characterized in that: When the oxygen inlet (152a) and the hydrogen inlet (152b) are distributed on the first surface (152) along the thickness direction (Z) of the fuel cell (1), the outflow ends of the oxygen inlet connector (23) and the hydrogen inlet connector (21) are arranged crosswise, so that the oxygen inlet sockets (231) and the hydrogen inlet sockets (211) are distributed in sequence in an alternating manner along the thickness direction (Z) of the fuel cell (1); When the oxygen flow outlet (153a) and the hydrogen flow outlet (153b) are distributed on the second surface (153) along the thickness direction (Z) of the fuel cell (1), the inflow ends of the oxygen flow outlet connector (22) and the hydrogen flow outlet connector (24) are arranged crosswise, so that the oxygen flow outlet socket (221) and the hydrogen flow outlet socket (241) are distributed in sequence in an alternating manner along the thickness direction (Z) of the fuel cell (1).

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