Reactor for air capture of carbon dioxide and its adsorbing reaction bed and method

Abstract

The application discloses a reactor for air trapping carbon dioxide, an adsorption reaction bed and a method thereof, and the reactor comprises an adsorbent regeneration circulation loop, and the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop is provided with an adsorption reaction bed, a temperature rising bed and a desorption bed along the conveying direction of the adsorbent; the adsorption reaction bed comprises an inner shell body provided with a plurality of first air holes; an intermediate shell body is sleeved outside the inner shell body, a first gap space is formed between the intermediate shell body and the inner shell body, and the intermediate shell body is provided with a plurality of second air holes in communication with the first gap space; and at least one air input pipe is in communication with the inner shell body; wherein the adsorbent particles can flow into the first gap space from an adsorbent input port and flow to an adsorbent output port. The application enables the adsorbent particles to fully contact with the air, thereby fully adsorbing the carbon dioxide in the air, and realizing efficient exertion of the adsorption performance of the adsorbent. The application can ensure the continuity of the reaction and is favorable for reducing the energy consumption of the reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide capture technology, and in particular, to a reactor for capturing carbon dioxide from air, its adsorption reaction bed, and a method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Existing research on carbon dioxide capture technology has focused heavily on the development of adsorbent materials, particularly physical adsorbents. This research has primarily addressed issues such as adsorption capacity, selectivity, and energy consumption in adsorption and separation. However, carbon dioxide capture technology requires not only high-performance adsorbents but also reactors that can efficiently utilize their properties. This is especially crucial as carbon dioxide capture technology progresses towards pilot-scale and industrial-scale production, making the development of reactors that can adapt to and efficiently utilize adsorbent performance paramount. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adsorption reaction bed and method to solve the technical problem that current methods of using adsorbents to capture carbon dioxide from the air cannot efficiently utilize the performance of adsorbents.

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide a reactor and method for capturing carbon dioxide from the air, so as to solve the technical problems of high energy consumption and poor continuity required for capturing carbon dioxide from the air using adsorbents.

[0005] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] This invention provides an adsorption reaction bed, comprising: an inner shell having a plurality of first vent holes; an intermediate shell sleeved outside the inner shell, wherein a first gap space exists between the intermediate shell and the inner shell, the first gap space being connected to the inner shell through the plurality of first vent holes, and the intermediate shell having a plurality of second vent holes connected to the first gap space; and at least one air inlet pipe connected to the inner shell; wherein the apertures of the first vent holes and the second vent holes are both smaller than the particle size of the adsorbent particles, the intermediate shell having an adsorbent outlet and at least one adsorbent inlet, and the adsorbent particles being able to flow from the adsorbent inlet into the first gap space and flow to the adsorbent outlet.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present invention, the output end of the air input pipe extends into the inner housing and is provided with a plurality of air through holes spaced axially along the first gap space.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present invention, there are two adsorbent inlets, namely an adsorbent addition port and an adsorbent reflux port. The adsorbent addition port is used to add fresh adsorbent particles into the first gap space, and the adsorbent reflux port is used to return the regenerated adsorbent particles to the first gap space.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption reaction bed further includes an adsorbent cooling pipe, which is connected to the adsorbent reflux inlet; the adsorbent cooling pipe is provided with a cooling gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet, with the cooling gas inlet located near the output end of the adsorbent cooling pipe and the cooling gas outlet located near the input end of the adsorbent cooling pipe.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption reaction bed further includes an outer shell, which is fitted over the intermediate shell and has a second gap space between it and the intermediate shell. The outer shell is provided with at least one air output pipe, which is connected to the second gap space.

[0011] The present invention also provides a reactor for capturing carbon dioxide from air, comprising an adsorbent regeneration circulation loop, wherein an adsorption reaction bed, a heating bed, and a desorption bed are arranged along the transport direction of the adsorbent in the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop; the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop is also provided with a transport mechanism; wherein there is a height difference between the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed, and the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed are all arranged with the output end facing down and the input end facing up, wherein the lowest output end and the highest input end are connected by the transport mechanism.

[0012] In embodiments of the present invention, the adsorption reaction bed is the adsorption reaction bed described above.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present invention, the desorption bed includes a steam purge tank, an inlet pipe, and an outlet pipe. The steam purge tank is connected to the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop, and the steam purge tank is connected to the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, respectively.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present invention, the heated bed includes a heated pipeline and a heating jacket. The heated pipeline is connected to the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop, and the heating jacket is fitted onto the heated pipeline.

[0015] In embodiments of the present invention, control valves are provided between the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present invention, the conveying mechanism includes a rotating shaft, a spiral blade, and a housing. The spiral blade is disposed on the rotating shaft and installed inside the housing. The housing is connected to the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop. There is a rotation gap between the spiral blade and the inner wall surface of the housing, and the rotation gap is smaller than the particle size of the adsorbent particles.

[0017] This invention also provides a method for capturing carbon dioxide from air, using the aforementioned reactor. The method includes the following steps: Fresh adsorbent particles are introduced into an adsorption reaction bed, and air is introduced into the adsorption reaction bed. The adsorbent particles flow to the output end of the adsorption reaction bed under their own gravity and adsorb carbon dioxide from the air. The adsorbed adsorbent particles flow into a heated bed from the input end of the heated bed, and under their own gravity, flow to the output end of the heated bed and are heated to a preset temperature. The heated adsorbent particles flow into a desorption bed from the input end of the desorption bed, and steam is introduced into the desorption bed. The adsorbent particles flow to the output end of the desorption bed under their own gravity and desorb carbon dioxide under the action of steam purging and competitive adsorption. The carbon dioxide is discharged from the desorption bed with the steam and transported to the condensation structure for condensation separation and purification. The desorbed adsorbent particles are transported to the input end of the adsorption reaction bed and are cooled and regenerated during the transport process. The regenerated adsorbent particles flow back to the adsorption reaction bed from the input end of the adsorption reaction bed, thereby stopping the charging of fresh adsorbent particles into the adsorption reaction bed. The adsorbent particles in the reactor circulate in the adsorbent regeneration loop by their own gravity and the transport power provided by the conveying mechanism.

[0018] In embodiments of the present invention, the control valves between the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed are adjusted, and / or the height difference between the input and output ends of the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed is adjusted, and / or the angle at which the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed are tilted relative to the horizontal direction is adjusted, thereby controlling the time it takes for the adsorbent particles to flow through the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed.

[0019] The features and advantages of this invention are:

[0020] The adsorption reaction bed of the present invention forms a first gap space by fitting an intermediate shell over an inner shell. An adsorbent outlet and at least one adsorbent inlet are provided on the intermediate shell. Particulate adsorbent is used, allowing the adsorbent particles to flow towards the adsorbent outlet within the first gap space. The inner shell is connected to at least one air inlet pipe, allowing air to first flow into the inner shell, then through multiple first vents into the first gap space to contact the adsorbent particles, and finally exit through multiple second vents on the intermediate shell. Because the adsorbent particles in the first gap space can flow and air can pass through the adsorbent particles filling the first gap space, the adsorbent particles can fully contact the air, thereby fully adsorbing carbon dioxide from the air and achieving high efficiency in adsorption performance.

[0021] The reactor and method for capturing carbon dioxide from air of the present invention connect an adsorption reaction bed, a heating bed, and a desorption bed along the transport direction of the adsorbent to form an adsorbent regeneration circulation loop, so that air can be continuously input into the adsorption reaction bed and react with the circulating adsorbent, ensuring the continuity of the reaction. In addition, by distributing the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed at different heights and by setting them vertically or inclined relative to the horizontal direction, with the output end facing downward and the input end facing upward, the adsorbent particles can flow through the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed by their own gravity, and the transport mechanism only needs to transport the adsorbent particles from the lowest output end to the highest input end, thereby helping to reduce the energy consumption of the reactor. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the adsorption reaction bed in this invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reactor structure in this invention.

[0025] In the picture:

[0026] 1. Adsorption reaction bed; 11. Inner shell; 110. Air distribution space; 111. Inner cylinder; 112. Inner end plate; 12. Intermediate shell; 120. First gap space; 121. Intermediate cylinder; 122. Intermediate annular end plate; 123. Inner cone; 13. Outer shell; 130. Second gap space; 131. Outer cylinder; 132. Outer annular end plate; 133. Outer cone; 14. Air inlet pipe; 141. Air vent; 15. Air outlet pipe; 16. Adsorbent addition pipe; 17. Adsorbent cooling pipe; 171. Cooling gas inlet; 172. Cooling gas outlet; 173. Filter layer; 18. Output connector;

[0027] 2. Heated bed; 21. Heating pipes; 22. Heating jacket;

[0028] 3. Desorption bed; 31. Steam purging tank; 32. Inlet pipeline;

[0029] 4. Conveying mechanism; 41. Machine casing; 411. Discharge port; 42. Rotating shaft; 43. Spiral blades; 44. Rotation clearance; 45. Drive motor;

[0030] 5. Control valve; 51. First control valve; 52. Second control valve; 53. Third control valve; 54. Fourth control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Implementation Method 1

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an adsorption reaction bed 1, comprising: an inner shell 11 having a plurality of first vent holes; an intermediate shell 12 sleeved outside the inner shell 11, with a first gap space 120 between the intermediate shell 12 and the inner shell 11, the first gap space 120 being connected to the inner shell 11 through the plurality of first vent holes, and the intermediate shell 12 having a plurality of second vent holes connected to the first gap space 120; and at least one air inlet pipe 14 connected to the inner shell 11; wherein the aperture of the first vent holes and the aperture of the second vent holes are both smaller than the particle size of the adsorbent particles, the intermediate shell 12 having an adsorbent outlet and at least one adsorbent inlet, and the adsorbent particles can flow from the adsorbent inlet into the first gap space 120 and flow to the adsorbent outlet.

[0034] The adsorption reaction bed 1 of the present invention forms a first gap space 120 between the intermediate shell 12 and the inner shell 11 by fitting an intermediate shell 12 over an inner shell 11. An adsorbent outlet and at least one adsorbent inlet are provided on the intermediate shell 12. Particulate adsorbent is used, allowing the adsorbent particles to flow towards the adsorbent outlet within the first gap space 120. By connecting the inner shell 11 to at least one air inlet pipe 14, air first flows into the inner shell 11, then through multiple first vent holes into the first gap space 120 to contact the adsorbent particles, and then through the adsorbent particles to exit through multiple second vent holes on the intermediate shell 12. Because the adsorbent particles in the first gap space 120 can flow and air can pass through the adsorbent particles filling the first gap space 120, the adsorbent particles can fully contact the air, thereby fully adsorbing carbon dioxide from the air and achieving high efficiency in adsorption performance.

[0035] Furthermore, the adsorbent used in this invention is granular, which facilitates better flow of the adsorbent particles within the first gap space 120. Also, the pore diameters of the first vent and the second vent are both smaller than the particle size of the adsorbent particles, ensuring that the adsorbent particles do not flow into the inner shell 11 from the first vent or flow out from the second vent.

[0036] Specifically, the inner shell 11 includes an inner cylinder 111 arranged circumferentially thereafter and inner end plates 112 connected to the two axial ends of the inner cylinder 111. The inner shell 11 can be made of a filter screen, with filter holes on the filter screen forming the first vent holes of the inner shell 11, allowing air flowing into the inner shell 11 through the air inlet pipe 14 to flow into the first gap space 120 from the first vent holes at various locations. The intermediate shell 12 includes an intermediate cylinder 121 arranged circumferentially thereafter, with the intermediate cylinder 121 having a first end and a second end opposite each other in its axial direction. The adsorbent inlet can be located at the first end of the intermediate cylinder 121 or near the first end of the intermediate cylinder 121, and the adsorbent outlet can be located at the second end of the intermediate cylinder 121. The intermediate shell 12 can also be made of a filter screen, with filter holes on the filter screen forming the second vent holes of the intermediate shell 12. Filter screens with different pore sizes can be selected to make the inner shell 11 and the intermediate shell 12 according to the particle size of different adsorbent particles. In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the filter screens used in the intermediate cylinder 121 and the inner cylinder 111 have a pore size of 150 μm, which is slightly smaller than the particle size of the adsorbent particles; the thickness of the filter screen is less than 0.1 mm.

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption reaction bed 1 further includes an outer shell 13, which is fitted over the intermediate shell 12, and a second gap space 130 is formed between the outer shell 13 and the intermediate shell 12. At least one air outlet pipe 15 is provided on the outer shell 13, and the air outlet pipe 15 is connected to the second gap space 130. By providing the outer shell 13, the overall structural strength and pressure-bearing capacity of the adsorption reaction bed 1 can be improved. Furthermore, by providing the air outlet pipe 15 on the outer shell 13, and forming the second gap space 130 between the outer shell 13 and the intermediate shell 12, the air in the first gap space 120 after carbon dioxide adsorption by the adsorbent particles can flow into the second gap space 130 through the second vent, and then flow out through the air outlet pipe 15, which is beneficial for detecting the output air.

[0038] Specifically, there are multiple air outlet pipes 15, arranged circumferentially along the outer casing 13. Flow monitors can be installed on the air inlet pipe 14 and air outlet pipe 15 to control the flow rate of adsorbent particles within the first gap space 120 by monitoring the input and output air flow rates. Carbon dioxide concentration detectors can also be installed on the air inlet pipe 14 and air outlet pipe 15 to determine the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent particles by detecting the carbon dioxide concentration before and after adsorption. Flow regulating valves can also be installed on the air inlet pipe 14 and air outlet pipe 15 to control the time and amount of air flowing through the adsorption reaction bed 1 by adjusting the input and output air flow rates. Furthermore, the outer casing 13 includes an outer cylinder 131 and an outer conical cylinder 133. The outer cylinder 131 is arranged circumferentially around the outer casing 13. The outer cylinder 131 has a first end and a second end opposite each other in its axial direction. The first end of the outer cylinder 131 is located near the first end of the intermediate cylinder 121, and the second end of the outer cylinder 131 is located near the second end of the intermediate cylinder 121. The larger-diameter end of the outer conical cylinder 133 is connected to the second end of the outer cylinder 131, and the smaller-diameter end of the outer conical cylinder 133 is provided with an output connector 18. This output connector 18 can be connected to a control valve 5 to control the output of adsorbent particles. The second end of the intermediate cylinder 121 is fixed to the inner wall surface of the outer conical cylinder 133. In order to better guide the adsorbent particles in the first gap space 120 to flow out smoothly, the second end of the intermediate cylinder 121 is connected to an inner cone cylinder 123. The inner cone cylinder 123 is located inside the outer cone cylinder 133 and is gradually narrowed along the output direction of the adsorbent particles. The end of the inner cone cylinder 123 with the smaller radial dimension extends into the output connector 18, so that the adsorbent particles in the first gap space 120 can flow into the output connector 18 through the inner cone cylinder 123, and then flow into the control valve 5 from the output connector 18.

[0039] like Figure 1As shown, to ensure a more uniform distribution of air within the inner shell 11, in this embodiment of the invention, the output end of the air inlet pipe 14 extends into the inner shell 11 and is provided with a plurality of air passages 141 spaced apart along the axial direction of the first gap space 120. Specifically, the inner cavity of the inner shell 11 forms an air distribution space 110. The air inlet pipe 14 includes a first pipe section and a second pipe section. The input end of the first pipe section is located outside the outer shell 13, and the output end of the first pipe section passes through the outer shell 13 and the intermediate shell 12 in sequence and extends into the air distribution space 110. The second pipe section is arranged axially in the air distribution space 110 along the first gap space 120. The input end of the second pipe section is connected to the output end of the first pipe section, and the output end of the second pipe section is positioned towards the end of the inner cylinder 111 near the adsorbent inlet. A plurality of air passages 141 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the first gap space 120 on the second pipe section. In addition, in order to further improve the uniformity of air distribution in the inner shell 11, the second pipe section is arranged on the central axis of the inner shell 11, and the distance between the two ends of the second pipe section and the two inner end plates 112 of the inner shell 11 is similar.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, there are two adsorbent inlets: an adsorbent addition port and an adsorbent reflux port. The adsorbent addition port is used to add fresh adsorbent particles into the first gap space 120, and the adsorbent reflux port is used to return regenerated adsorbent particles to the first gap space 120. Specifically, the adsorbent reflux port is located at the first end of the intermediate cylinder 121, and the adsorbent addition port is located on the intermediate cylinder 121 and close to the adsorbent reflux port. The adsorbent addition port is connected to an adsorbent addition tube 16. The input end of the adsorbent addition tube 16 is located inside the outer shell 13, and the output end of the adsorbent addition tube 16 passes radially through the outer shell 13 and connects to the adsorbent addition port.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption reaction bed 1 further includes an adsorbent cooling pipe 17, which is connected to the adsorbent reflux inlet. By providing the adsorbent cooling pipe 17, the adsorbent is cooled and regenerated during transport within the adsorbent cooling pipe 17, and then flows back from the adsorbent reflux inlet to the first gap space 120.

[0042] Specifically, in combination Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the adsorbent cooling pipe 17 is provided with a cooling gas inlet 171 and a cooling gas outlet 172. The cooling gas inlet 171 is located near the output end of the adsorbent cooling pipe 17, and the cooling gas outlet 172 is located near the input end of the adsorbent cooling pipe 17. That is, the transport direction of the cooling gas in the adsorbent cooling pipe 17 is opposite to the transport direction of the adsorbent particles in the adsorbent cooling pipe 17, so that the cooling air can convectively contact the adsorbent particles for heat exchange, resulting in high heat exchange efficiency. The cooling gas can be dry air. Preferably, the air output from each air outlet pipe 15 is dried and cooled before being used as cooling gas and input into the adsorbent cooling pipe 17 through the cooling gas inlet 171 to cool the adsorbent particles. Furthermore, to prevent adsorbent particles from flowing into the cooling gas inlet 171 and cooling gas outlet 172 within the adsorbent cooling pipe 17, a filter layer 173 is arranged circumferentially within the adsorbent cooling pipe 17. Optionally, filter structures are provided at the cooling gas inlet 171 and cooling gas outlet 172.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the outer shell 13, intermediate shell 12, and inner shell 11 are coaxially arranged. The inner diameter of the adsorbent cooling pipe 17 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner shell 11 and smaller than the inner diameter of the intermediate shell 12. The first end of the outer cylinder 131 of the outer shell 13 is provided with an outer annular end plate 132, and the first end of the intermediate cylinder 121 of the intermediate shell 12 is provided with an intermediate annular end plate 122. The inner ring edge of the intermediate annular end plate 122 forms an adsorbent return port, and the inner diameter of the adsorbent return port is similar to the outer diameter of the adsorbent cooling pipe 17. The input end of the adsorbent cooling pipe 17 is located outside the outer shell 13, and the output end of the adsorbent cooling pipe 17 passes through the outer annular end plate 132 along the axial direction of the outer shell 13 and extends into the intermediate shell 12 from the adsorbent return port. The adsorbent cooling pipe 17 is connected to the inner ring edge of the outer annular end plate 132 and the inner ring edge of the intermediate annular end plate 122. The first gap space 120 includes a first circumferential gap space between the intermediate cylinder 121 and the inner cylinder 111 and a first axial gap space between the intermediate annular end plate 122 and the inner end plate 112; the second gap space 130 includes a second circumferential gap space between the outer cylinder 131 and the intermediate cylinder 121 and a second axial gap space between the outer annular end plate 132 and the intermediate annular end plate 122.

[0044] Implementation Method 2

[0045] like Figure 2As shown, the present invention also provides a reactor for capturing carbon dioxide from air, comprising an adsorbent regeneration circulation loop, wherein an adsorption reaction bed 1, a heating bed 2, and a desorption bed 3 are arranged along the adsorbent conveying direction in the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop; a conveying mechanism 4 is also provided in the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop; wherein the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2, and the desorption bed 3 all have a height difference, and are all arranged with the output end facing downwards and the input end facing upwards, wherein the lowest output end and the highest input end are connected by the conveying mechanism 4. Figure 1 As shown, the adsorption reaction bed 1 in this embodiment is preferably the same as the adsorption reaction bed 1 in embodiment 1 in terms of specific structure, working principle and beneficial effects, and will not be repeated here.

[0046] The reactor for capturing carbon dioxide from air of the present invention connects the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2, and the desorption bed 3 along the transport direction of the adsorbent to form an adsorbent regeneration circulation loop. This allows air to be continuously input into the adsorption reaction bed 1 and react with the circulating adsorbent particles, ensuring the continuity of the reaction. Furthermore, by ensuring that the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2, and the desorption bed 3 all have a height difference and are all arranged with the output end facing down and the input end facing up, the adsorbent particles can flow through the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2, and the desorption bed 3 by their own gravity. The transport mechanism 4 only needs to transport the adsorbent particles from the lowest output end to the highest input end, thereby helping to reduce the energy consumption of the reactor.

[0047] Specifically, the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2, and the desorption bed 3 all have height differences, meaning these three beds are distributed at different heights. This allows adsorbent particles in the higher beds to flow to the lower beds under their own gravity. All three beds are arranged with their output ends facing downwards and their input ends facing upwards, meaning their input ends are higher than their output ends. This allows adsorbent particles flowing into the bed from the input end to also flow to the output end under their own gravity. These three beds can be arranged vertically or tilted relative to the horizontal direction, with the output ends facing downwards and the input ends upwards.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, in the embodiments of the present invention, the conveying mechanism 4 is preferably located between the adsorption reaction bed 1 and the heating bed 2, or between the desorption bed 3 and the adsorption reaction bed 1, so that the adsorbent particles heated by the heating bed 2 can quickly reach the desorption bed 3 for desorption treatment, without cooling down due to the conveying of the conveying mechanism 4.

[0049] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the heating bed 2, the desorption bed 3, and the adsorption reaction bed 1 are arranged at different heights from top to bottom. The output end of the adsorption reaction bed 1 is the lowest output end, and the input end of the heating bed 2 is the highest input end. Therefore, the input end of the conveying mechanism 4 is connected to the output end of the adsorption reaction bed 1, and the output end of the conveying mechanism 4 is connected to the input end of the heating bed 2. Specifically, the heating bed 2 and the adsorption reaction bed 1 are arranged at an angle relative to the horizontal direction, while the desorption bed 3 is arranged vertically.

[0050] Adsorbent particles adsorb carbon dioxide from the air within the adsorption reaction bed 1. They then flow under their own gravity through the adsorption reaction bed 1 and into the conveying mechanism 4 from its input end. The conveying mechanism 4 uses its conveying power to lift the adsorbent particles to its output end, where they flow under their own gravity through the heating bed 2 and are heated to a preset temperature. They then continue to flow under their own gravity through the desorption bed 3, releasing carbon dioxide and achieving desorption. Finally, they flow back to the adsorption reaction bed 1 under their own gravity. The input end of the adsorption reaction bed 1 is equipped with an adsorbent cooling pipe 17, allowing the desorbed adsorbent particles to first flow into the cooling pipe 17 for cooling and regeneration before flowing into the first gap space 120 of the adsorption reaction bed 1 to adsorb carbon dioxide from the air.

[0051] In other embodiments of the present invention, the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2, and the desorption bed 3 are arranged at different heights from top to bottom. The output end of the desorption bed 3 is the lowest output end, and the input end of the adsorption reaction bed 1 is the highest input end. Therefore, the input end of the conveying mechanism 4 is connected to the output end of the desorption bed 3, and the output end of the conveying mechanism 4 is connected to the input end of the adsorption reaction bed 1. The input end of the adsorption reaction bed 1 may not be equipped with an adsorbent cooling pipe 17. The desorbed adsorbent particles can be cooled and regenerated during the conveying process within the conveying mechanism 4, and then directly flow into the first gap space 120 of the adsorption reaction bed 1 to adsorb carbon dioxide from the air.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, control valves 5 are connected between the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2, and the desorption bed 3. In these embodiments, a control valve 5, defined as a first control valve 51, is provided between the input end of the adsorption reaction bed 1 and the output end of the conveying mechanism 4; a control valve 5, defined as a second control valve 52, is provided between the output end of the conveying mechanism 4 and the input end of the heating bed 2; a control valve 5, defined as a third control valve 53, is provided between the output end of the heating bed 2 and the input end of the desorption bed 3; and a control valve 5, defined as a fourth control valve 54, is provided between the output end of the desorption bed 3 and the input end of the adsorption reaction bed 1. By adjusting the first control valve 51 and the fourth control valve 54, the flow rate of the adsorbent particles through the adsorption reaction bed 1 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the time it takes for the adsorbent particles to flow through the adsorption reaction bed 1 to ensure that the adsorption effect meets the requirements. By adjusting the second control valve 52 and the third control valve 53, the flow rate of the adsorbent particles through the heating bed 2 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the time it takes for the adsorbent particles to flow through the heating bed 2 to ensure that the heating effect meets the requirements. By adjusting the third control valve 53 and the fourth control valve 54, the flow rate of the adsorbent particles through the desorption bed 3 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the time for the adsorbent particles to flow through the desorption bed 3 to ensure that the desorption effect meets the requirements.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, in some other embodiments of the present invention, the height difference between the input and output ends of the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3 are adjusted, and / or the tilt angle of the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3 when they are tilted relative to the horizontal direction is adjusted, so as to control the time for adsorbent particles to flow through the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, the desorption bed 3 includes a steam purging tank 31, an inlet pipe 32, and an outlet pipe. The steam purging tank 31 is connected to the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop, and is connected to both the inlet pipe 32 and the outlet pipe. Steam is blown into the steam purging tank 31 through the inlet pipe 32, allowing the heated adsorbent particles to come into direct contact with the steam as they flow within the tank. Through the purging and competitive adsorption effects of the steam, the adsorbent particles release carbon dioxide. The steam then carries the carbon dioxide out through the outlet pipe and is transported to a condensation mechanism for condensation, separation, and purification, thereby achieving carbon dioxide capture.

[0055] Specifically, the inlet pipe 32 is located below the outlet pipe, allowing steam to flow upwards within the steam purging tank 31. In this embodiment, the inlet pipe 32 is 10mm from the bottom surface of the steam purging tank 31, and the outlet pipe is 15mm from the bottom surface of the steam purging tank 31. The steam purging tank 31 is generally a square chamber, but it can also be of other shapes. The adsorbent, heated by the heated bed 2, falls into the steam purging tank 31 from the top input end of the desorption bed 3, stacking at a repose angle of 22°–25° on the bottom surface of the steam purging tank 31. During steam purging, it releases carbon dioxide, which is discharged through the outlet pipe along with the steam. Furthermore, the steam purging tank 31 is covered with a heating tape or other heating structure to maintain its temperature and prevent internal steam condensation.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the heated bed 2 includes a heated pipe 21 and a heating jacket 22. The heated pipe 21 is connected to the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop, and the heating jacket 22 is fitted onto the heated pipe 21. The heating jacket 22 can be an electric heating jacket 22 or a heating jacket 22 heated using other heating media.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the conveying mechanism 4 includes a rotating shaft 42, a spiral blade 43, and a housing 41. The spiral blade 43 is disposed on the rotating shaft 42 and installed inside the housing 41. The housing 41 is connected to the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop. There is a rotation gap 44 between the spiral blade 43 and the inner wall surface of the housing 41, and the rotation gap 44 is smaller than the particle size of the adsorbent particles.

[0058] Specifically, the conveying mechanism 4 also includes a drive motor 45, which is installed outside the housing 41 and connected to the rotating shaft 42. The drive motor 45 drives the rotating shaft 42 to rotate, causing the rotating shaft 42 to drive the spiral blades 43 to rotate, thereby lifting the adsorbent particles inside the housing 41. The input end of the conveying mechanism 4 is an input connector provided on the housing 41, and the output end of the conveying mechanism 4 is an output connector 18 provided on the housing 41. The input connector is located near the bottom of the housing 41 and is inclined upwards, while the output connector 18 is located near the top of the housing 41 and is inclined downwards. In addition, a discharge port 411 is provided at the bottom of the housing 41 to facilitate the discharge of adsorbent particles from the reactor after the reaction is completed. In this embodiment, the housing 41 is vertically arranged, resulting in the shortest conveying distance. Of course, the housing 41 can also be inclined relative to the vertical direction.

[0059] Implementation Method 3

[0060] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for capturing carbon dioxide from air, using the reactor in Embodiment 2.

[0061] The method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0062] Initial adsorption: Fresh adsorbent particles are introduced into the adsorption reaction bed 1, and air is introduced into the adsorption reaction bed 1. Under the action of their own gravity, the adsorbent particles flow to the output end of the adsorption reaction bed 1 and adsorb carbon dioxide in the air.

[0063] Heating: After adsorption, the adsorbent particles flow into the heated bed 2 from the input end. Under their own gravity, the adsorbent particles flow to the output end of the heated bed 2 and are heated to the preset temperature. Specifically, the heating temperature of the heated bed 2 is controlled at 105℃~110℃, so that the adsorbent particles are heated to 100℃~105℃ in the heated bed 2.

[0064] Desorption: The heated adsorbent particles flow into the desorption bed 3 from the inlet end, and steam is introduced into the desorption bed 3. Under their own gravity, the adsorbent particles flow to the outlet end of the desorption bed 3 and desorb, releasing carbon dioxide, under the purging and competitive adsorption of the steam. The carbon dioxide is discharged from the desorption bed 3 with the steam and transported to the condensation structure for condensation separation and purification. Specifically, the steam temperature is 105℃-110℃.

[0065] Cooling: The desorbed adsorbent particles are transported to the input end of the adsorption reaction bed 1 and are cooled and regenerated during the transport process. Specifically, dry air is introduced into the adsorbent cooling pipe 17 between the output end of the desorption bed 3 and the input end of the adsorption reaction bed 1 to cool the adsorbent particles inside.

[0066] Circulation: The regenerated adsorbent particles flow back from the input end of the adsorption reaction bed 1 to the adsorption reaction bed 1, thereby stopping the feeding of fresh adsorbent particles into the adsorption reaction bed 1. The adsorbent particles in the carbon capture regeneration reactor circulate in the adsorbent regeneration loop using their own gravity and the conveying power provided by the conveying mechanism 4. That is, the adsorbent particles repeatedly perform adsorption, heating, desorption and cooling in the adsorbent regeneration loop, while air can be continuously input into the adsorption reaction bed 1, thereby achieving continuous capture of carbon dioxide from air.

[0067] Combination Figure 2 As shown, in the embodiments of the present invention, the time for adsorbent particles to flow through the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3 is controlled so that the treatment of adsorbent particles in the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3 meets the requirements, thereby improving the efficiency of carbon dioxide capture.

[0068] Combination Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the following steps are also included: adjusting the control valve 5 between the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3 to control the time when the adsorbent particles flow through the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3.

[0069] Combination Figure 2 As shown, in some other embodiments of the present invention, the following steps are also included: adjusting the height difference between the input and output ends of the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3 to control the time it takes for the adsorbent particles to flow through the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3.

[0070] Combination Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the following steps are also included: adjusting the angle of inclination of the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3 relative to the horizontal direction to control the time for adsorbent particles to flow through the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2 and / or the desorption bed 3.

[0071] Specifically, the residence time of the adsorbent in each bed is adjusted based on the adsorption rate, heating rate, desorption rate, circulation rate, and engineering experience to improve the yield of CO2 capture in the cyclic reaction; this includes adjusting the adsorbent transport rate in the reactor and adjusting the residence time of the adsorbent in different beds within the reactor.

[0072] The adjustment of the adsorbent transport rate within the reactor includes: adjusting the inclination angle of the inner cone 123 in the adsorption reaction bed 1 to regulate the output amount and rate of the adsorbent during the adsorption reaction stage; adjusting the rotation speed of the shaft 42 of the conveying mechanism 4 to control the transport rate of the adsorbent within the conveying mechanism 4; and adjusting the inclination angle of the heated bed 2 to adapt to different flow rates of adsorbent transport efficiency. For example, a higher adsorbent lifting rate can be achieved by increasing the rotation speed of the shaft 42 of the conveying mechanism 4, thereby increasing the material circulation rate of the adsorbent within the reactor to meet the higher packing requirements between each bed layer.

[0073] Adjusting the residence time of the adsorbent in different beds within the reactor includes: adjusting the opening and closing times of each control valve 5 to achieve the desired reaction time for the adsorbent in different beds; for example, for adsorbents with slower adsorption rates, the air purging flux in adsorption reaction bed 1 can be appropriately increased, and the residence time of the adsorbent in adsorption reaction bed 1 can be extended to improve the CO2 capture rate of the adsorbent during the adsorption stage in a single cycle; or, by adjusting the inclination angle of adsorption reaction bed 1 and shortening the opening and closing times of control valve 5, staged discharge can be achieved in adsorption reaction bed 1, allowing a portion of the adsorbent with higher adsorption saturation to enter the cycle first, while the other portion of the adsorbent remains in adsorption reaction bed 1 to continue adsorption. Additionally, for adsorbents with slower heating rates, their residence time in the heating bed 2 can be extended; for adsorbents with slower desorption rates, the steam purging flow rate can be increased, and their residence time in the desorption bed 3 can be extended to achieve a higher CO2 recycling yield.

[0074] To facilitate understanding and implementation of the reactor and method for capturing carbon dioxide from air according to the present invention, a specific embodiment is provided below for detailed description:

[0075] I. The reactor's operating conditions are as follows:

[0076] Adsorption reaction bed 1: The bed temperature is 25℃, the air purge flux is 18L / min, the purge time is 40min, and the total CO2 adsorption capacity is 16mmol~18mmol.

[0077] The adsorbent in adsorption reaction bed 1 is discharged in stages, with each discharge consisting of 20g of adsorbent.

[0078] Conveying mechanism 4: internal temperature is 25℃, rotation speed is 75r / min, and transmission rate is 10g / min;

[0079] Heated bed 2: Adsorbent circulation rate is 20g, heating temperature is 105℃, and heating time is 10min;

[0080] Desorption bed 3: The adsorbent circulation rate is 20g, the heating temperature of the steam purging tank 31 is 105℃, the steam temperature is 110℃, the water consumption for generating steam is 4mL / min, the purging time is 10min, and the desorption amount of CO2 in a single cycle is 9mmol~11mmol.

[0081] Regeneration bed: Adsorbent circulation rate is 20g, ambient temperature is 25℃, air purging flux is 25L / min, and purging time is 10min;

[0082] Adsorbent cycle time: 40 min;

[0083] Carbon dioxide capture yield: 0.95 mmol·g -1 h -1That is, each gram of adsorbent captures 0.95 millimoles of carbon dioxide per hour.

[0084] It should be noted that the capacity of the adsorption reaction bed 1, the heating bed 2, the desorption bed 3 and the conveying mechanism 4 in this invention can be adjusted according to actual needs. Furthermore, the segmented discharge rate of the adsorbent in the adsorption reaction bed 1 and the adsorbent circulation rate in the heating bed 2 and the desorption bed 3 can also be adjusted adaptively, and similar carbon dioxide capture yields can be achieved.

[0085] II. The operation process is shown in the table below:

[0086]

[0087] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations to the embodiments of the present invention based on the content disclosed in the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adsorption reaction bed, characterized in that, include: The inner shell is provided with multiple first vent holes; An intermediate shell is fitted outside the inner shell, and there is a first gap space between the intermediate shell and the inner shell. The first gap space is connected to the inner shell through a plurality of first vent holes, and the intermediate shell is provided with a plurality of second vent holes connected to the first gap space. At least one air inlet pipe is connected to the inner housing; Wherein, the aperture of the first vent and the aperture of the second vent are both smaller than the particle size of the adsorbent particles. The intermediate shell is provided with an adsorbent outlet and at least one adsorbent inlet. The adsorbent particles can flow from the adsorbent inlet into the first gap space and flow to the adsorbent outlet. The output end of the air input pipe extends into the inner housing and is provided with a plurality of air through holes spaced apart along the axial direction of the first gap space; The adsorbent has two inlets, namely an adsorbent addition port and an adsorbent return port. The adsorbent addition port is used to add fresh adsorbent particles into the first gap space, and the adsorbent return port is used to return the regenerated adsorbent particles to the first gap space. The adsorption reaction bed also includes an adsorbent cooling pipe, which is connected to the adsorbent reflux inlet; the adsorbent cooling pipe is provided with a cooling gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet, with the cooling gas inlet located near the output end of the adsorbent cooling pipe and the cooling gas outlet located near the input end of the adsorbent cooling pipe; The adsorption reaction bed also includes an outer shell, which is fitted over the intermediate shell and has a second gap space between the outer shell and the intermediate shell. The outer shell is provided with at least one air output pipe, and the air output pipe is connected to the second gap space.

2. A reactor for capturing carbon dioxide from air, characterized in that, The device includes an adsorbent regeneration circulation loop, wherein the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop is provided with the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed and the desorption bed as described in claim 1 along the adsorbent conveying direction; the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop is also provided with a conveying mechanism; The adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed are all arranged with the output end facing down and the input end facing up. The lowest output end and the highest input end are connected by the conveying mechanism.

3. The reactor as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The desorption bed includes a steam purge tank, an inlet pipe, and an outlet pipe. The steam purge tank is connected to the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop and is connected to both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe.

4. The reactor as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The heated bed includes a heated pipeline and a heating jacket. The heated pipeline is connected to the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop, and the heating jacket is fitted onto the heated pipeline.

5. The reactor as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Control valves are provided between the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed.

6. The reactor as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The conveying mechanism includes a rotating shaft, a spiral blade, and a housing. The spiral blade is disposed on the rotating shaft and installed inside the housing. The housing is connected to the adsorbent regeneration circulation loop. There is a rotation gap between the spiral blade and the inner wall of the housing, and the rotation gap is smaller than the particle size of the adsorbent particles.

7. A method for capturing carbon dioxide from air, characterized in that, Using the reactor described in any one of claims 2-6, the method comprises the following steps: Fresh adsorbent particles are introduced into the adsorption reaction bed, and air is introduced into the adsorption reaction bed. The adsorbent particles flow to the output end of the adsorption reaction bed under their own gravity and adsorb carbon dioxide in the air. After adsorption, the adsorbent particles flow into the heated bed from the input end of the heated bed. Under their own gravity, the adsorbent particles flow to the output end of the heated bed and are heated to the preset temperature. After being heated, the adsorbent particles flow into the desorption bed from the input end, and steam is introduced into the desorption bed. The adsorbent particles flow to the output end of the desorption bed under their own gravity and desorb and release carbon dioxide under the purging and competitive adsorption of steam. The carbon dioxide is discharged from the desorption bed with the steam and transported to the condensation structure for condensation separation and purification. The desorbed adsorbent particles are transported to the input end of the adsorption reaction bed and cooled and regenerated during the transport process; The regenerated adsorbent particles are returned to the adsorption reaction bed from the input end, and the feeding of fresh adsorbent particles into the adsorption reaction bed is stopped. The adsorbent particles in the reactor circulate in the adsorbent regeneration loop by their own gravity and the conveying power provided by the conveying mechanism.

8. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: Adjust the control valves between the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed, and / or adjust the height difference between the input and output ends of the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed, and / or adjust the angle at which the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed are tilted relative to the horizontal direction, thereby controlling the time it takes for the adsorbent particles to flow through the adsorption reaction bed, the heating bed, and the desorption bed.

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