A perovskite photovoltaic packaging material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material and a preparation method thereof, relating to the field of perovskite battery technology, and is made of the following raw materials: 25-35 parts of polyvinyl butyral, 10-15 parts of terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, 30-40 parts of functional copolymer, 1-3 parts of 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 2-4 parts of tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, 3-5 parts of isocyanoethyl methacrylate, 1-2 parts of catalyst, 1-2 parts of photoinitiator, and 35-45 parts of diluent; the functional copolymer includes a structural unit introduced by free radical copolymerization of the following monomers: N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and octafluoropentyl methacrylate. The material has good resistance to wet heat aging, good high temperature resistance, and good adhesion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of perovskite cell packaging, and in particular to a perovskite photovoltaic packaging material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At a critical juncture in the global energy transition, an emerging high-efficiency solar technology—perovskite-based solar cells—is leading the charge in clean energy innovation with its unique advantages. This innovative photovoltaic technology not only breaks through the technological bottlenecks of traditional silicon-based solar cells but also offers new possibilities for achieving sustainable, low-cost, and large-scale green energy.

[0003] The core advantage of perovskite-based solar cells lies in their perfect combination of high photoelectric conversion efficiency and low manufacturing costs. The core of perovskite photovoltaic solar cells is the perovskite material. Perovskite materials are organic-inorganic hybrid ionic crystal materials that rapidly decompose under the coupled conditions of water, oxygen, light, and heat, resulting in poor stability. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to develop a robust packaging technology that uses suitable materials and structures with high barrier properties to the external environment to protect the perovskite material.

[0004] The packaging temperature of existing perovskite photovoltaic packaging materials is too high, which has a great impact on the crystal structure and phase of perovskite, resulting in low bonding strength, limited high temperature resistance, and resistance to wet and hot aging. The efficiency of perovskite batteries using these packaging materials is low. For example, the Chinese invention patent with authorization announcement number CN114874731B discloses a perovskite photovoltaic packaging material, device and preparation method thereof. The packaging material includes a solar cell backplane, a photovoltaic adhesive film and a hot melt adhesive layer arranged in sequence; the packaging material is suitable for packaging PSC batteries. The packaged battery provided by the invention has good impact resistance; it can be seen from the lead leakage test that the invention can effectively suppress the lead leakage of damaged PSCs in heavy rainfall; the battery efficiency before and after packaging shows that the PSC still maintains good stability after packaging; the hot melt adhesive has good bonding strength with each layer of the PSC packaging device material. However, the wet and hot aging resistance and high temperature resistance of the packaging material still need to be further improved.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to seek more effective methods to prepare perovskite photovoltaic packaging materials with good resistance to moisture and heat aging, good high temperature resistance, low packaging temperature, good adhesion, and significant packaging effect. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a perovskite photovoltaic packaging material and a preparation method thereof with good resistance to moisture and heat aging, excellent high temperature resistance, low packaging temperature, good adhesion, and significant packaging effect.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material, which is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of polyvinyl butyral, 10-15 parts of terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, 30-40 parts of a functional copolymer, 1-3 parts of 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 2-4 parts of tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, 3-5 parts of isocyanoethyl methacrylate, 1-2 parts of a catalyst, 1-2 parts of a photoinitiator, and 35-45 parts of a diluent; the functional copolymer includes structural units introduced by free radical copolymerization of the following monomers: N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and octafluoropentyl methacrylate.

[0008] Preferably, the polyvinyl butyral is a polyvinyl butyral resin with a model number of Mowital B30H.

[0009] Preferably, there is no special requirement for the source of the terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate. In one embodiment of the present invention, the terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate is prepared according to the method of Example 5 of Chinese invention patent application number 201710466507.X.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the functional copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile to a high-boiling point solvent, stirring and reacting at 50-65° C. in an inert gas atmosphere for 4-6 hours, precipitating in water after the reaction, washing the precipitated polymer with ethanol 3-6 times, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 85-95° C. to constant weight to obtain a functional copolymer.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile, and high boiling point solvent is 1:(0.8-1.2):(3-5):(0.5-0.8):(0.05-0.09):(20-35).

[0012] Preferably, the high boiling point solvent is at least one of dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone; and the inert gas is any one of nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon.

[0013] Preferably, the catalyst is at least one of dibutyltin dilaurate and stannous octoate.

[0014] Preferably, the photoinitiator is at least one of benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin dimethyl ether, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone.

[0015] Preferably, the diluent is one or more of methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and hydroxypropyl methacrylate.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material, comprising the following steps: mixing the raw materials uniformly by weight to obtain an encapsulation slurry; then coating the encapsulation slurry on a substrate, and irradiating the substrate under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 200-260nm for 20-40 minutes to obtain a perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material.

[0017] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The preparation method of the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material disclosed in the present invention has a simple process, convenient operation, high preparation efficiency and finished product qualification rate, low dependence on equipment, small impact on the environment, is suitable for continuous large-scale production, and has high promotion and application value.

[0019] (2) The perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material disclosed in the present invention is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of polyvinyl butyral, 10-15 parts of terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, 30-40 parts of functional copolymer, 1-3 parts of 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 2-4 parts of tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, 3-5 parts of isocyanoethyl methacrylate, 1-2 parts of catalyst, 1-2 parts of photoinitiator, and 35-45 parts of diluent; through the mutual cooperation between the raw materials, the prepared encapsulation material has good resistance to moisture and heat aging, good high temperature resistance, low encapsulation temperature, good adhesion, and significant encapsulation effect.

[0020] (3) The perovskite photovoltaic packaging material disclosed in the present invention comprises a functional copolymer comprising structural units introduced by free radical copolymerization of the following monomers: N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and octafluoropentyl methacrylate. The simultaneously introduced carbazole, benzimidazol-2-one, octafluoropentyl ester, and hydroxyethyl ester structures cooperate with the tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, isocyanurate, and hyperbranched polycarbonate introduced from other raw materials under the multiple effects of electronic effect, steric effect, and conjugation effect, so that the prepared packaging material has better resistance to wet and hot aging, better high temperature resistance, lower packaging temperature, good adhesion, and more significant packaging effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and those skilled in the art may conceive of other obvious variations. Example 1

[0022] A perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of polyvinyl butyral, 10 parts of terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, 30 parts of a functional copolymer, 1 part of 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 2 parts of tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, 3 parts of isocyanoethyl methacrylate, 1 part of a catalyst, 1 part of a photoinitiator, and 35 parts of a diluent; the functional copolymer comprises structural units introduced by free radical copolymerization of the following monomers: N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and octafluoropentyl methacrylate.

[0023] The polyvinyl butyral is a polyvinyl butyral resin with a model number of Mowital B30H; the terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate is prepared according to the method of Example 5 of the Chinese invention patent application number 201710466507.X.

[0024] The preparation method of the functional copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile to a high-boiling-point solvent, stirring and reacting at 50°C in an inert gas atmosphere for 4 hours, precipitating the polymer in water after the reaction, washing the precipitated polymer three times with ethanol, and finally drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 85°C to a constant weight to obtain the functional copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile, and the high-boiling-point solvent is 1:0.8:3:0.5:0.05:20; the high-boiling-point solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide; and the inert gas is nitrogen. The functional polymer was tested by GPC and its Mn was 14920 g / mol. W / M n =1.303; through elemental analysis and weight change calculation, the mass ratio of the structural units introduced by N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and octafluoropentyl methacrylate in the functional copolymer is 0.99:0.78:2.99:0.5, respectively.

[0025] The catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate; the photoinitiator is benzoin ethyl ether; and the diluent is methyl methacrylate.

[0026] A method for preparing the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the raw materials according to parts by weight to obtain an encapsulation slurry; then coating the encapsulation slurry on a substrate, and irradiating the substrate under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 200 nm for 20 minutes to obtain the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material. Example 2

[0027] A perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of polyvinyl butyral, 11 parts of terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, 33 parts of a functional copolymer, 1.5 parts of 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 2.5 parts of tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, 3.5 parts of isocyanoethyl methacrylate, 1.2 parts of a catalyst, 1.2 parts of a photoinitiator, and 37 parts of a diluent; the functional copolymer comprises structural units introduced by free radical copolymerization of the following monomers: N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and octafluoropentyl methacrylate.

[0028] The polyvinyl butyral is a polyvinyl butyral resin with a model number of Mowital B30H; the terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate is prepared according to the method of Example 5 of the Chinese invention patent application number 201710466507.X.

[0029] The preparation method of the functional copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile to a high-boiling-point solvent, stirring and reacting at 55° C. for 4.5 hours in an inert gas atmosphere, precipitating the polymer in water after the reaction, washing the precipitated polymer with ethanol four times, and finally drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 87° C. to a constant weight to obtain the functional copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile, and the high-boiling-point solvent is 1:0.9:3.5:0.6:0.06:25; the high-boiling-point solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide; and the inert gas is helium.

[0030] The catalyst is stannous octoate; the photoinitiator is benzoin dimethyl ether; and the diluent is butyl methacrylate.

[0031] A method for preparing the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the raw materials in parts by weight to obtain an encapsulation slurry; then coating the encapsulation slurry on a substrate, and irradiating the substrate under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 220 nm for 25 minutes to obtain the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material. Example 3

[0032] A perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of polyvinyl butyral, 13 parts of terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, 35 parts of a functional copolymer, 2 parts of 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 3 parts of tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, 4 parts of isocyanoethyl methacrylate, 1.5 parts of a catalyst, 1.5 parts of a photoinitiator, and 40 parts of a diluent; the functional copolymer comprises structural units introduced by free radical copolymerization of the following monomers: N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and octafluoropentyl methacrylate.

[0033] The polyvinyl butyral is a polyvinyl butyral resin with a model number of Mowital B30H; the terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate is prepared according to the method of Example 5 of the Chinese invention patent application number 201710466507.X.

[0034] The preparation method of the functional copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile to a high-boiling-point solvent, stirring and reacting at 59° C. for 5 hours in an inert gas atmosphere, precipitating the polymer in water after the reaction, washing the precipitated polymer with ethanol five times, and finally drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 90° C. to a constant weight to obtain the functional copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile, and the high-boiling-point solvent is 1:1:4:0.65:0.07:29; the high-boiling-point solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone; and the inert gas is neon.

[0035] The catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate; the photoinitiator is 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone; and the diluent is hydroxypropyl methacrylate.

[0036] A method for preparing the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the raw materials in parts by weight to obtain an encapsulation slurry; then coating the encapsulation slurry on a substrate, and irradiating the substrate under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 230 nm for 30 minutes to obtain the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material. Example 4

[0037] A perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33 parts of polyvinyl butyral, 14 parts of terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, 38 parts of a functional copolymer, 2.5 parts of 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 3.5 parts of tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, 4.5 parts of isocyanoethyl methacrylate, 1.8 parts of a catalyst, 1.8 parts of a photoinitiator, and 43 parts of a diluent; the functional copolymer includes structural units introduced by free radical copolymerization of the following monomers: N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and octafluoropentyl methacrylate.

[0038] The polyvinyl butyral is a polyvinyl butyral resin with a model number of Mowital B30H; the terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate is prepared according to the method of Example 5 of the Chinese invention patent application number 201710466507.X.

[0039] The preparation method of the functional copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate and azobisisobutyronitrile to a high boiling point solvent, stirring and reacting at 63°C in an inert gas atmosphere for 5.5 hours, precipitating the polymer in water after the reaction is completed, washing the precipitated polymer with ethanol for 6 times, and finally drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 93°C to a constant weight to obtain the functional copolymer. The copolymer comprises N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile, and a high-boiling-point solvent in a mass ratio of 1:1.1:4.5:0.75:0.085:33; the high-boiling-point solvent is a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone in a mass ratio of 1:2:3; and the inert gas is argon.

[0040] The catalyst is a mixture of dibutyltin dilaurate and stannous octoate in a mass ratio of 3:5; the photoinitiator is a mixture of benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin dimethyl ether, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone in a mass ratio of 1:1:2; and the diluent is a mixture of methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and hydroxypropyl methacrylate in a mass ratio of 2:1:3.

[0041] A method for preparing the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the raw materials in parts by weight to obtain an encapsulation slurry; then coating the encapsulation slurry on a substrate, and irradiating the substrate under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 250 nm for 35 minutes to obtain the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material. Example 5

[0042] A perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of polyvinyl butyral, 15 parts of terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, 40 parts of a functional copolymer, 3 parts of 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 4 parts of tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, 5 parts of isocyanoethyl methacrylate, 2 parts of a catalyst, 2 parts of a photoinitiator, and 45 parts of a diluent; the functional copolymer comprises structural units introduced by free radical copolymerization of the following monomers: N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and octafluoropentyl methacrylate.

[0043] The polyvinyl butyral is a polyvinyl butyral resin with a model number of Mowital B30H; the terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate is prepared according to the method of Example 5 of the Chinese invention patent application number 201710466507.X.

[0044] The preparation method of the functional copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile to a high-boiling-point solvent, stirring and reacting at 65°C in an inert gas atmosphere for 6 hours, precipitating the polymer in water after the reaction, washing the precipitated polymer with ethanol 6 times, and finally drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 95°C to a constant weight to obtain the functional copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile, and the high-boiling-point solvent is 1:1.2:5:0.8:0.09:35; the high-boiling-point solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide; and the inert gas is nitrogen.

[0045] The catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate; the photoinitiator is benzoin ethyl ether; and the diluent is methyl methacrylate.

[0046] A method for preparing the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the raw materials in parts by weight to obtain an encapsulation slurry; then coating the encapsulation slurry on a substrate, and irradiating the substrate under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 260 nm for 40 minutes to obtain the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] A perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material and a preparation method thereof are similar to Example 1, except that polyvinyl butyral is used instead of terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, and 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one is not added.

[0049] Comparative Example 2

[0050] A perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material and a preparation method thereof are similar to Example 1, except that terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate is used instead of polyvinyl butyral, and 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane and octafluoropentyl methacrylate are not added.

[0051] In order to further illustrate the beneficial technical effects of the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation materials involved in each embodiment of the present invention, relevant performance tests were conducted on the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation materials involved in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2. During the test process, the thickness of each perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material was controlled to be 2 mm. The test results are shown in Table 1. The test method is as follows:

[0052] (1) Peel strength: 180-degree peel strength test of SUS steel plate was conducted according to GB / T2792-2014;

[0053] (2) Resistance to moisture and heat aging: Each perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material sample was placed in an environment of 90°C and 95% relative humidity for 150 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the 180-degree peel strength was tested again according to the method in (1), and the retention rate of the 180-degree peel strength was calculated. The larger the value, the better the resistance to moisture and heat aging.

[0054] (3) High temperature resistance: Place each test sample in an aging box at 150°C for 2 hours, cool to room temperature, and then test the 180-degree peel strength according to the method in (1). Calculate the retention rate of the 180-degree peel strength. The larger the value, the better the high temperature resistance.

[0055] As can be seen from Table 1, the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation materials involved in each embodiment of the present invention have more excellent high temperature resistance, peel strength and resistance to moist heat aging. The combined use of polyvinyl butyral, terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane and octafluoropentyl methacrylate is beneficial to improving the above properties.

[0056] Table 1

[0057] project 180 degree peel strength Resistance to heat and humidity aging High temperature resistance unit N / m % % Example 1 23.5 99.74 97.81 Example 2 23.8 99.80 98.25 Example 3 24.0 99.88 98.53 Example 4 24.5 99.92 98.67 Example 5 24.7 99.99 98.93 Comparative Example 1 22.5 97.63 96.22 Comparative Example 2 20.9 95.88 95.17

[0058] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions merely illustrate the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of polyvinyl butyral, 10-15 parts of terminal hydroxyl hyperbranched polycarbonate, 30-40 parts of functional copolymer, 1-3 parts of 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane, 2-4 parts of tris(2-acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, 3-5 parts of isocyanoethyl methacrylate, 1-2 parts of catalyst, 1-2 parts of photoinitiator, and 35-45 parts of diluent; The preparation method of the functional copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile to a high-boiling-point solvent, stirring and reacting at 50-65° C. in an inert gas atmosphere for 4-6 hours, precipitating the polymer in water after the reaction, washing the precipitated polymer with ethanol 3-6 times, and finally drying the polymer in a vacuum drying oven at 85-95° C. to a constant weight to obtain the functional copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinylcarbazole, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-methylethynyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile, and the high-boiling-point solvent is 1:(0.8-1.2):(3-5):(0.5-0.8):(0.05-0.09):(20-35).

2. The perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that The polyvinyl butyral is a polyvinyl butyral resin with a model number of Mowital B30H.

3. The perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that The high boiling point solvent is at least one of dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone; and the inert gas is any one of nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon.

4. The perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that The catalyst is at least one of dibutyltin dilaurate and stannous octoate.

5. The perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoinitiator is at least one of benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin dimethyl ether and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone.

6. The perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diluent is one or more of methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and hydroxypropyl methacrylate.

7. A method for preparing the perovskite photovoltaic encapsulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the raw materials according to parts by weight to obtain a packaging slurry; then coating the packaging slurry on a substrate, and irradiating the substrate under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 200-260nm for 20-40 minutes to obtain a perovskite photovoltaic packaging material.