Bionic fractal vein micro-textured turning tool insert and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application discloses a kind of bionic fractal veinlet micro-textured lathe blade and its preparation method in the technical field of metal cutting tool, the invention is based on hard alloy lathe blade as main body, combine vein structure channel and the characteristics of hydrophobic surface that can promote cutting fluid flow, design and prepare a kind of vein surface micro-texture, its through the immersion effect of main vein to secondary vein, make capillary phenomenon more significant in wet cutting process, improve the heat concentration problem caused by the difficulty of cutting fluid to be efficiently used in cutting area.The blade rake face nose position is provided with bifurcation channel based on fractal concept and vein structure, increase the heat dissipation area of nose area under micro-nano scale, more conducive to the formation of fluid dynamic pressure lubrication effect of cutting fluid, compensate the adverse heat transfer conditions of nose area, and bifurcation through type structure, not only can discharge cutting impurities in time so that the texture maintains the effect of friction reduction for a long time, also greatly avoid the "cavitation phenomenon" in the wet processing process of micro-textured tool.The tool base is provided with liquid storage groove and stepped boss, play the role of chip breaking at the same time, enhance the guiding and storage effect of cutting fluid, ensure the cooling and friction reduction effect of micro-texture and cutting fluid, increase processing efficiency and tool life, improve cutting fluid use efficiency, meet the demand of green processing and high quality production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of metal cutting tools, and relates to a bionic fractal leaf vein micro-texture tool suitable for metal processing of materials such as nickel-based high-temperature alloys and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Nickel-based superalloys, due to their high strength, hardness, and extremely low thermal conductivity, experience high cutting forces and temperatures during the cutting process. This extremely low thermal conductivity causes a large amount of cutting heat to accumulate in the cutting area. Failure to promptly suppress this heat can exacerbate tool wear, significantly reducing tool life and machining efficiency. While conventional wet cutting can provide some cooling, the flow of a large amount of cutting fluid is blocked by chips, making it difficult for the cutting fluid to continuously and efficiently reach the cutting area. Therefore, it is essential to design a tool that can avoid chip blockage and improve the cooling effect of cutting fluid drainage.

[0003] Generally, distributed micro-pit and micro-groove textures can be used to reduce the contact area between the front cutting edge and the chips and enhance the storage capacity of the cutting fluid to achieve friction-reducing lubrication during the cutting process, thereby improving the problem of cutting heat accumulation. However, this type of texture also comes with some disadvantages: First, as continuous cutting proceeds, metal debris and impurities in the processing process will accumulate in the texture grooves, causing the originally reduced contact area to increase again. Second, the distributed texture has limited capacity to store cutting fluid. Some cutting fluid blocked by the chips still cannot penetrate into the cutting area, resulting in low utilization of the cutting fluid. Third, when the cutting fluid enters part of the texture at a certain pressure, it will cause "cavitation" in the grooves due to the negative pressure, resulting in cavitation damage to the interior of the texture and shortening the effective time of the texture. Therefore, in the face of the harsh heat dissipation conditions in the tip area, there is an urgent need for a new type of blade that can effectively reduce the temperature of the cutting area and efficiently utilize the cutting fluid to increase production efficiency, extend tool life, and achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

[0004] With the increasing research on surface wettability, researchers have discovered that hydrophobic surfaces hold broad application prospects in numerous areas of industrial production. In the field of metal cutting tool technology, the flow drag reduction, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties of hydrophobic surfaces coincide with the cooling requirements of cutting fluids during the cutting process. Therefore, hydrophobic surface treatments are used to aid the transport of cutting fluids, thereby promoting their flow through microtextures. This approach not only allows the cutting fluid to flow more smoothly into the cutting area but also enhances the service life of the microtextures.

[0005] The Chinese invention application with publication number CN116100052A and publication date May 12, 2023 discloses a bionic dovetail micro-texture tool, including a tip radius and a rake face, on which a straight groove and a plurality of bionic dovetail groove-shaped micro-textures are machined along the cutting edge direction, and the groove structure is used to discharge chips and store cutting fluid. Although the tool combines the groove shape with the surface texture to reduce the use of cutting fluid, the micro-texture is distributed on the cutting edge. When chips are entangled and block the cutting fluid, resulting in heat accumulation in the cutting area, the failure of the cutting edge will be aggravated. Moreover, the dovetail micro-texture groove may cause cavitation inside the texture due to the negative pressure during wet cutting, causing damage to the texture and reducing the service life. In addition, the function of the groove structure is relatively single, which is relatively separated from the design of the micro-texture and is not significant in achieving the dynamic pressure lubrication effect of the cutting fluid. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a bionic fractal leaf vein micro-textured turning insert, which is used to reduce the wear and heat accumulation generated by the tool cutting nickel-based high-temperature alloys and other materials, improve the use efficiency of cutting fluid, increase processing efficiency, extend the tool life and micro-texture action time, and meet the manufacturing requirements of efficient processing and green processing.

[0007] The specific scheme of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A bionic fractal leaf vein micro-texture turning blade comprises a tool base, wherein a leaf vein-shaped micro-texture groove is arranged in the cutting edge area of ​​the rake face of the tool base. Based on fractal theory, "Y"-shaped leaf veins of various sizes are connected into a through-type overall micro-texture. The closer to the cutting edge area, the smaller the leaf vein shape, the greater the number, and the "finer" the texture. Joint circular grooves are provided at the bifurcation of the leaf vein micro-texture, and rectangular connecting grooves of the same width and depth are provided between "Y"-shaped structures of the same size.

[0009] To more effectively utilize the cutting fluid's penetration into the microtexture, the tool's rake face is equipped with multi-layered stepped bosses, each with a V-shaped fluid infusion groove. During machining, the cutting fluid is channeled into the reservoirs and cutting area in a terraced irrigation pattern. The reservoirs are located around the first layer of bosses, encompassing the area where the tool tip microtexture is located.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the through-type groove-shaped leaf vein micro-texture is distributed on the front cutting edge of the cemented carbide turning insert.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the widths, lengths and areas of the multiple different levels of leaf vein groove structures are different. The closer to the tip of the knife, the more leaf veins there are, increasing exponentially by a power of two, but the length and width become smaller, that is, the closer to the tip of the knife, the "finer" the leaf vein texture.

[0012] As an optimal technical solution, the leaf vein structure is symmetrically distributed and connected as a whole. The groove width and groove length are divided into multiple levels. The angle between the fork and the trunk is 20 to 45°, that is, the angle between the two forks is 40 to 90°; circular grooves of equal depth are provided at the bifurcation, and the diameter of the circular groove is 5 to 15um larger than the trunk width of the "Y"-shaped texture, which plays a role in promoting diversion and storage of cutting fluid.

[0013] As an optimal technical solution, the leaf vein structure farthest from the tip of the knife is the micro-texture with the largest area, serving as the "main vein" of the leaf vein, including the fork above the "Y" shape and the main trunk below, with a fork groove width of 50 to 70 um, a groove length of 540 to 580 um, and a depth of 15 to 30 um; the main trunk groove connected toward the tip of the knife has a width of 50 to 70 um, a groove length of 250 to 300 um, and a depth of 15 to 30 um.

[0014] As an optimal technical solution, the leaf vein microtexture connected to the "main vein" toward the tip of the knife is called the "secondary vein", and the number of its main trunks is consistent with the number of forks of the "main vein", including the forks above the "Y" shape and the main trunk below. The bifurcation groove is 30 to 50 um wide, 250 to 300 um long, and 15 to 30 um deep; the main trunk groove connected toward the tip of the knife is 50 to 70 um wide, 125 to 150 um long, and 15 to 30 um deep.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the vein microtexture connecting the "secondary veins" is also the microtexture closest to the blade tip, known as the "branch veins." The number of their main trunks matches the number of bifurcations in the "secondary veins." The "branch veins," including the bifurcations above the "Y" shape and the complete "Y" structure, are the microtextures with the smallest individual grooves but the most distributed. Grooves are 10 to 30 μm wide, 60 to 80 μm long, and 15 to 30 μm deep.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, a rectangular connecting groove is provided between the "secondary veins" and "branch veins" of the same size and grade, and its depth and width are consistent with the depth and width of the texture in which it is located, so as to promote the flow of cutting fluid.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, circular grooves are processed at the junctions of "Y"-shaped leaf vein micro-textures of different sizes, including circular grooves at the junctions of "main veins" and "secondary veins", and circular grooves at the junctions of "secondary veins" and "branch veins", whose diameters are 5 to 15 um larger than the main trunk width of the "Y"-shaped texture.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the stepped boss is divided into three layers, each 50 to 110 μm high, with an arc-shaped cross-section to reduce the increase in cutting force caused by the "secondary cutting" of the boss during cutting. The edge of the first layer is parallel to the cutting edge, 0.5 to 0.6 mm away from the cutting edge, and its front end is a fish-mouth-shaped micro-nano-vein texture wrapped around the tip area, with a fish-mouth angle of 100 to 120°. The second and subsequent layers of stepped bosses are "V"-shaped, with the top facing the tip. The angle increases as the step rises, and the area of ​​the boss decreases as the step rises.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the V-shaped infusion grooves on the bosses are located on the second and subsequent V-shaped bosses, with an angle of 40 to 90 degrees, a spacing of 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm, and a cross-sectional width of 0.3 to 0.6 mm. The groove depth is equal to the height of the boss, and the cross-section is semi-elliptical. The groove width increases with the number of boss layers.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the reservoir groove surrounds the first layer of bosses, including the tip and cutting edge. The reservoir groove at the cutting edge is 0.5-0.6mm wide and gradually deepens from the cutting edge toward the boss. The reservoir groove in the tip area is the area from the first layer of bosses to the tip, and the groove depth also gradually deepens from the tip to the boss mouth, following the same trend as the groove at the cutting edge, with a peak depth of 50-80μm.

[0021] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a bionic fractal leaf vein micro-texture turning blade, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Determine the tool base.

[0023] Step 2: Processing the stepped boss and liquid storage groove on the base.

[0024] Step 3: The tool substrate is then placed in a mixed solution of acetone and anhydrous ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 20 to 30 minutes in preparation for laser processing of the microtexture.

[0025] Step 4: Laser-machine the "main vein" of the fractal vein microtexture on the rake face of the tool body. At the intersection, 1.20 mm from the primary cutting edge and 1.20 mm from the secondary cutting edge, a "V"-shaped structure is machined toward the tool tip. The bifurcation angle is 60°, the groove width is 60 μm, the length is 560 μm, and the depth is 20 μm. The "Y" main stem is then machined using the same parameters, with a length of 280 μm.

[0026] Step 5: Process the "secondary veins." Starting from the "main vein," machine a "Y"-shaped bifurcation toward the tool tip, maintaining a 60° angle. The groove width is 40 microns, the length is 280 microns, and the depth is 20 microns. Continue machining the main stem below the next "Y," maintaining the same width and depth, with a groove length of 140 microns. At this point, the leaf vein structure has taken shape. A rectangular connecting groove is machined between the two bifurcations, using parameters consistent with the "secondary vein" microtexture to connect the "branch veins."

[0027] Step 6: Continue machining "branch veins" on the machined leaf vein structure toward the tool tip, similar to step 3. First, machine the "Y" bifurcation with a groove width of 20μm, a groove length of 140μm, and a groove depth of 20μm. Then, machine a complete "Y"-shaped leaf vein on the bifurcation with a groove width of 20μm, a groove length of 70μm, and a groove depth of 20μm. Machine rectangular connecting grooves between the branch veins, with the groove width and depth consistent with the "branch veins."

[0028] Step 7: To ensure the patency of the microfluidic joints, circular grooves are processed at the connections of "Y"-shaped leaf vein microtextures of different sizes, including circular grooves at the connection of "main vein" and "secondary vein", and circular grooves at the connection of "secondary vein" and "branch vein". The diameters are 70um and 50um respectively, and the depth is 20um.

[0029] After the micro-textured tool is machined, the wettability of the tool texture surface is controlled by fluorination technology to make it hydrophobic. The method includes the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Place the tool with the leaf vein microtexture processed into a mixed solution of acetone and anhydrous ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning and drying for later use.

[0031] Step 2: Prepare a 1.0% fluorosilane solution, with tritylfluorosilane as the solute and anhydrous ethanol as the solvent, respectively. Stir the solution in a magnetic stirrer for 5 hours before use.

[0032] Step 3: Soak the ultrasonically cleaned textured specimen in a fluorosilane solution for 24 hours.

[0033] Step 4: After removing the tool, place it in an oven and dry it at 120°C for 20 minutes to ensure that the solvent on the surface of the specimen is completely evaporated.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0035] Based on fractal theory and bionics principles, the present invention sets up a through-type leaf-vein-shaped micro-texture, combines hydrophobic surface control treatment, and matches it with stepped bosses and liquid storage grooves, which significantly reduces the heat accumulation problem generated during the cutting process, increases the efficiency of cutting fluid use, and avoids the damage caused by the "cavitation phenomenon" during conventional micro-texture wet cutting, thereby extending the tool life and the texture action time, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing costs and increasing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a tool structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a bionic fractal leaf vein microtexture provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 A bionic fractal leaf vein micro-texture groove cross section provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a liquid storage groove provided for an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the section line is Figure 1 As shown in AA;

[0041] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a liquid storage groove provided for an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the section line is Figure 1 As shown in the middle BB;

[0042] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a stepped boss provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a V-shaped infusion trough provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a bionic fractal leaf vein micro-texture tool provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9 A flow chart for preparing a bionic fractal leaf vein micro-texture tool provided as an embodiment of the present invention

[0046] Explanation of the accompanying figures: 1- tool base; 21- first layer of stepped boss; 22- second layer of stepped boss; 23- third layer of stepped boss; 24- "V"-shaped infusion groove; 31- main vein of leaf vein microtexture; 32- secondary vein of leaf vein microtexture; 33- branch vein of leaf vein microtexture; 34- circular groove; 35- rectangular connecting groove; 4- liquid storage groove; 5- cutting edge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] The purpose of this invention is to improve the cutting performance of the tool by combining the chip breaking and liquid storage structure on the front cutting edge with micro-texture, improve the efficiency of cutting fluid use, significantly reduce cutting heat and machine tool energy consumption, thereby meeting the needs of processing difficult-to-cut materials and energy-saving and emission-reduction green production.

[0049] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a bionic fractal leaf vein micro-textured turning blade suitable for cutting difficult-to-machine materials such as nickel-based metals, comprising a tool base (1); a stepped boss including a liquid infusion groove (2) on the boss; a surface micro-nano texture (3) and a liquid storage groove (4).

[0051] The model of the tool base (1) can be selected according to actual needs, for example, the tool base of model DNMG09T304 or TNMG160408; in this example, DNMG150408 is selected, which is a 55° diamond turning blade, and the material is WC-type cemented carbide YG4C, which has a specific composition of 96% tungsten carbide (WC) and 4% cobalt (Co) elements for bonding. It is also a type of tool material with a large output and a wide range of uses.

[0052] After the tool base is selected, its stepped bosses and liquid storage grooves can be processed by laser or formed along with the tool base. The liquid storage groove (4) surrounding the first layer of stepped bosses can not only store cutting fluid, but also play a certain role in chip breaking, reducing the contact area between the chips and the front cutting edge of the tool, and promoting the cutting fluid in the liquid storage groove to flow more quickly into the vein micro-texture. When the front cutting edge stepped boss (2) is faced with chips that are not easily broken by the liquid storage groove, the height of the boss can play a role in secondary chip breaking, and the cross section of the boss is set as Figure 6As shown, its structure adopts arc transition, which can reduce the derivative cutting force during chip breaking.

[0053] The bionic leaf vein micro-texture (3) on the rake face plays the role of storing and transporting cutting fluid, which not only effectively reduces the contact area between the chips and the rake face and reduces friction, but also promptly flushes away impurities and fine metal debris in the micro-nano grooves. The through-type leaf vein groove micro-texture greatly avoids the "cavitation phenomenon" caused by the negative pressure inside the texture due to the impact of the cutting fluid, thereby preventing cavitation from eroding the inner wall of the texture.

[0054] The bionic fractal leaf vein microtexture (3) combines fractal concepts and micro-nano channels. Compared with traditional parallel microchannels, this fractal topology microchannel can improve the overall heat transfer efficiency and reduce the total pressure drop of the cutting fluid flow. The fractal microchannel increases the heat transfer area of ​​the downstream channel structure through the bifurcated structure, compensating for the deterioration of the heat transfer conditions caused by the inability of the cutting fluid to penetrate. In addition, the closer the fractal leaf vein microtexture is to the tool tip, the finer its structure and the larger its heat dissipation area, which is consistent with the heat distribution of the tool tip area during the cutting process. In addition, in the convergent wedge space formed by the friction surfaces of the tool and the workpiece during the cutting process, the capillary phenomenon can be made more significant, promoting the cutting fluid oil film to play a friction-reducing and lubricating role.

[0055] Furthermore, the bionic fractal vein micro-texture (3) of this embodiment is distributed in the cutting area of ​​the 55° rhombus turning tool rake face. Figure 2 The leaf vein micro texture shown is processed step by step. The leaf vein structure is symmetrically distributed and is connected by multiple "Y" shaped structures into a whole. The groove width is divided into multiple levels. The angle between the bifurcation and the main trunk is 30 degrees, that is, the angle between the bifurcation is 60 degrees. Circular grooves (34) of equal depth are provided at the bifurcation. The diameter of the circular groove is 10um larger than the width of the main trunk of the "Y" shaped texture, which plays a role in promoting diversion and storage of cutting fluid. Figure 2 As shown, the micro texture of the leaf vein structure farthest from the tip of the knife is the "main vein" (31) of the leaf vein texture, with a groove width of 60um and a depth of 20um, of which the bifurcation groove is 560um long and the main groove is 280um long; the "secondary vein" (32) connects the bifurcations of the main vein, and the number is the same as the number of bifurcations of the main vein, with a groove width of 40um and a depth of 20um, of which the bifurcation groove is 280um long and the main groove is 140um long; the "branch vein" micro texture (33) closest to the tip of the knife is the most "densely" distributed branch vein, with a groove width of 20um and a depth of 20um. The "branch vein" is a "Y"-shaped bifurcation and a "Y" combined leaf vein structure, of which the bifurcation groove is 140um long and the last "Y"-shaped leaf vein structure groove is 70um long. The cross-sectional shape of the leaf vein micro texture is as follows Figure 3There are rectangular grooves (35) connecting the "Y" textures of the same size, with the groove width and groove depth being consistent, in order to connect the leaf vein textures and promote the flow of cutting fluid.

[0056] Furthermore, the stepped boss structure (2) of this embodiment is distributed on the front blade surface. Its principle is derived from the terraced irrigation method. The cutting fluid flows down from the top-layer infusion tank layer by layer, and finally converges in the liquid storage groove (4) and the leaf vein micro texture (3), completing the effective use of the cutting fluid. The stepped boss, the first layer of the step edge is parallel to the cutting edge, 0.6mm away from the cutting edge, and 50um in height. Its front end is in the shape of a fish mouth, wrapping the micro-nano leaf vein texture in the tip area, and the fish mouth angle is 110°; the second and third layers of the stepped boss are in the shape of a "V" step, with the top facing the tip direction, the angles are 75° and 90° respectively, and the height is 100um. The edge cross section is Figure 6 The arc transition shown in the figure, where R1 and R2 are both 50 μm, is intended to reduce the incremental cutting force caused by the "secondary cutting" of the boss during the cutting process. In addition, three "V"-shaped infusion grooves (24) are provided on the second and third layers, with an angle of 60°, a gap of 1.00 mm, and a groove depth of 100 μm. The cross-section is shown in FIG. Figure 7 shown.

[0057] Furthermore, the liquid storage groove (4) of this embodiment is provided on the rake face, surrounding the first layer of boss. The width of the liquid storage groove at the cutting edge is 0.60 mm, and the depth gradually deepens from the cutting edge to the boss. Its cross section is as follows: Figure 5 The liquid storage groove in the tool tip area is between the first layer of boss fish mouth and the tool tip. The depth of the groove gradually deepens from the tool tip to the boss fish mouth. Its trend is consistent with the groove at the cutting edge. Its cross section is shown in Figure 4 shown.

[0058] In order to ensure that the cutting tool has better cutting and cooling capabilities, the wettability of the tool surface needs to be regulated after the preparation of the tool is completed. According to research, the hydrophobic surface has a lower surface energy, which can reduce the adhesion of the friction surface, reduce the friction resistance caused by adhesion, reduce the generation of chip nodules, and also play the role of flow resistance reduction, auxiliary liquid transportation, anti-corrosion, and antibacterial functions. However, after the micro-texture of the tool is processed using a femtosecond laser, the surface of the micro-texture will temporarily have hydrophilic properties. Therefore, it is also necessary to regulate its surface wettability. In order to obtain the desired hydrophobic surface without damaging the processed micro-texture, this embodiment adopts a fluorination surface treatment technology, and uses the prepared fluorosilane solution to modify the tool surface. Although the treated surface does not have the good surface performance of the super-hydrophobic structure, it can still obtain a larger water contact angle to meet the requirements of use.

[0059] The tool preparation process described in this embodiment can refer to Figure 9The first step is to select the tool base, then process the stepped bosses and liquid reservoir grooves on the base. After ultrasonic cleaning, laser processing is used to create the bionic fractal leaf vein microtexture. The microtexture processing is divided into four steps: the first step is to process the "main vein," the second step is to process the "secondary vein" and rectangular connecting grooves, the third step is to process the "branch vein" and rectangular connecting grooves, and the fourth step is to process the circular grooves. After the tool is processed, the surface is fluorinated to control the wettability and obtain a hydrophobic surface.

[0060] The overall structure of the tool in this embodiment is as follows Figure 8 As shown, for the finishing and semi-finishing of difficult-to-cut materials, a wet cutting method is adopted. The tool's stepped boss (2) and liquid storage groove (4) are combined with a bionic fractal leaf vein microtexture (3), which can effectively cool the accumulated heat in the tool tip area, reducing the use of cutting fluid while improving the tool's heat resistance and wear resistance during the cutting process. Moreover, the through-type leaf vein microtexture, because it avoids "cavitation" and has the antibacterial and corrosion resistance of a hydrophobic surface, greatly reduces damage and corrosion within the micro-nano texture, improves the action time of the microtexture and the tool's service life, and plays a huge role in continuous cutting.

[0061] In high-speed cutting, the tool speed and feed rate of high-speed cutting are much faster than those of traditional cutting, which can save 30% of the time. The feed rate is 5 to 10 times that of traditional cutting. The cutting speed has a great influence on the tool life.

[0062] Investigations have shown that a 20% increase in cutting speed reduces tool life by approximately 1 / 2, and a 50% increase in cutting speed reduces tool life to approximately 1 / 5 of its original value. Tool life decreases with increasing cutting speed for different materials, primarily because increasing cutting speed increases cutting temperature, leading to increased tool wear. Furthermore, high-speed cutting creates intense compression between the tool and the chips, further exacerbating tool wear. The bionic fractal leaf-vein micro-textured turning insert proposed in this embodiment, combined with the stepped bosses and fluid reservoirs, reduces cutting fluid usage while achieving efficient cooling of the cutting area, providing a friction-reducing and lubricating effect. Therefore, it is also suitable for high-speed cutting environments.

[0063] Furthermore, when faced with medium-carbon steel with high strength, good toughness, strong plasticity, and good hardenability, such as 12CrNi3A, 12Cr2Ni4A, 38CrMoAlA and other materials, the tool of this embodiment can still play a role. The liquid storage groove and stepped boss of the tool have excellent chip breaking ability. The combination of the vein microtexture and the hydrophobic surface reduces the possibility of built-up edge at the tip of the tool. The combination of the through-type vein microtexture and the liquid storage groove can also promptly wash away the impurities and debris generated during cutting, thereby reducing the interaction between the chips and the tool, avoiding chips scratching the workpiece surface, and improving the processing quality and tool life. In addition, the tool provided by this embodiment also reduces the cutting force during processing due to friction reduction and lubrication, and improves the phenomenon of workpiece deformation caused by cutting force when cutting thin-walled parts of the above materials.

[0064] This embodiment combines a boss structure (2), a groove structure (4) and a micro-texture (3) on a tool base (1). Through the dynamic pressure lubrication effect of the micro-texture, the efficient heat dissipation effect of the fractal microchannel, the pressure drop drainage effect of the bionic leaf vein, and the liquid storage and chip breaking effect of the boss and groove, the tool has excellent friction reduction and lubrication capabilities, improves the heat resistance and wear resistance of the tool during the cutting process, and avoids erosion damage inside the micro-texture. The tool provided by this embodiment extends the tool life and texture action time, increases the efficiency of cutting fluid use, meets the processing requirements of difficult-to-cut alloys, and achieves the purpose of energy saving, emission reduction and green processing.

[0065] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this specification using specific examples. The above implementation examples are only intended to facilitate understanding. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed implementation examples, but may be varied and modified within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A bionic fractal leaf vein micro-textured turning blade, characterized in that: include: Tool base; The stepped boss located on the tool base includes three layers of bosses on the tool base and multiple "V"-shaped infusion grooves on the bosses; The liquid storage groove is located around the first-layer boss, surrounding the tool, including the area where the blade tip leaf vein micro-texture is located; The micro-nano groove structure of the fractal leaf vein located on the liquid storage groove, that is, the leaf vein micro-texture, is shaped like an abstract geometric figure of real leaf vein tissue. It is composed of multiple "Y"-shaped structures connected end to end, with the trunk and fork connected, fanning out in a certain direction, and finally pieced together into a symmetrical whole to form a through groove. The "Y"-shaped structure gradually shrinks while diverging. There is a circular groove transition between the trunk and fork of the "Y"-shaped structure, and a connecting groove is provided between the "Y"-shaped structures of the same size. The "Y"-shaped structure is divided into three levels of size and spreads toward the tip of the knife. At the same time, an increasingly "fine" tissue is formed. The original leaf vein is regarded as the "main vein", which is the widest and longest groove structure; the "secondary vein" is connected to the fork of the "main vein", and its number is the same as the number of forks of the "main vein", which is twice the number of the "main vein" trunk, and its width and length are reduced; the leaf vein structure closest to the tip of the tool is the "branch vein", which is the texture with the largest number but the smallest width and length. The leaf vein micro-texture diffuses and connects toward the tip of the tool, and the area of ​​a single texture gradually becomes smaller, but the overall area tends to increase, which is consistent with the heat distribution of the tool during the cutting process.

2. The bionic fractal leaf vein micro-textured turning blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leaf vein micro-texture is located in the cutting area of ​​the front blade tip; the "Y"-shaped structure has a bifurcation angle of 40 to 90 degrees, extending and spreading toward the blade tip, and the groove length and width gradually decrease.

3. The bionic fractal leaf vein micro-textured turning blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the circular groove is consistent with the leaf vein microtexture, and the diameter is 5 to 15 μm larger than the trunk width of the "Y"-shaped structure; rectangular connecting grooves are provided between "Y"-shaped structures of the same size, and their width and depth are consistent with those of the "Y"-shaped structure.

4. The bionic fractal leaf vein micro-textured turning blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom layer of the stepped boss is the tool base. The edge of the first step is parallel to the cutting edge and is 0.5 to 0.6 mm away from the cutting edge. Its front end is in a fish-mouth shape, wrapping the leaf vein micro-texture in the tip area, with a fish-mouth angle of 100 to 120°; the second and above stepped bosses are "V"-shaped steps, with the top facing the tip, and the angle increases as the step rises, which is opposite to the direction of the "V"-shaped infusion groove.

5. The bionic fractal leaf vein micro-textured turning blade according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The stepped boss is divided into three layers except the tool base, and is terraced. The higher the number of layers, the smaller the area. The height of each layer is 50um~110um; the angle of the second layer "V"-shaped step is 60~80°, and the angle of the third layer "V"-shaped step is 80~110°; the direction of the "V"-shaped infusion groove on the step is opposite to the direction of the "V"-shaped boss. Each layer can be provided with 2~4 infusion grooves, with an angle of 50~70°; the depth of the infusion groove is consistent with the height of the boss, the cross-section is a circular arc, the width is 0.3~0.6mm, and the spacing is 0.8mm~1.2mm.

6. The bionic fractal leaf vein micro-textured turning blade according to claim 4, characterized in that: The liquid storage groove surrounds the first layer of boss, including the tip and cutting edge. The width of the liquid storage groove at the cutting edge is 0.5~0.6mm, and the depth gradually deepens from the cutting edge to the boss; the liquid storage groove at the tip is in the area from the fish mouth of the first layer of boss to the tip, and the depth of the liquid storage groove gradually deepens from the tip to the fish mouth of the boss, and its trend is consistent with the groove at the cutting edge, with a depth peak between 50~80um.

7. A method for preparing a bionic fractal leaf vein micro-textured turning blade, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select the tool base; Step 2: Processing the stepped boss and liquid storage groove structure on the rake face of the fractal vein micro-textured turning insert according to any one of claims 1 to 6; Step 3: Ultrasonic cleaning with a mixed solution of acetone and anhydrous ethanol for 20 to 30 minutes and drying for later use; Step 4: Use laser to process the "main vein" of the fractal leaf vein micro-texture on the rake face of the tool base. At the intersection position 1.20-1.50mm away from the main cutting edge and 1.20-1.50mm away from the secondary cutting edge, a "V"-shaped structure is machined toward the tool tip with a bifurcation angle of 40-90°, a groove width of 50-70um, a groove length of 540-580um, and a depth of 15-30um. Then continue to process the "Y"-shaped structure trunk with the same width and depth, and a groove length of 250-300um; Step 5: Process the "secondary veins". Starting from the "main vein" toward the tool tip, a "Y"-shaped bifurcation is machined, with an angle of 40-90°, a groove width of 30-50 μm, a groove length of 250-300 μm, and a depth of 15-30 μm. Then, the main trunk below the "Y" structure is machined, keeping the width and depth consistent, and the groove length is 125-150 μm. At this point, the symmetrically distributed leaf vein microtexture has taken shape. A rectangular connecting groove is machined between the two "secondary vein" bifurcations, with the parameters consistent with the "secondary vein" microtexture, so that the grooves are interconnected. Step 6: Continue to process the "branch veins" on the processed leaf vein structure towards the tool tip. First, process the bifurcation of the "Y" structure with a groove width of 10-30um, a groove length of 125-150um, and a groove depth of 15-30um. Then, process a complete "Y"-shaped structure on the bifurcation with the same groove width and depth of 60-80um. Process rectangular connecting grooves between the "branch veins" with the groove width and depth consistent with the "branch veins"; Step 7: To ensure the patency of the microchannel joints, circular grooves are machined at the connections of the "Y"-shaped structures of different sizes, including the circular grooves at the connection between the "main vein" and the "secondary vein", and the circular grooves at the connection between the "secondary vein" and the "branch vein". The diameter of the grooves is 5 to 15 μm larger than the width of the main trunk of the "Y"-shaped structure. Step 8: After completing the surface microtexture processing, the hydrophobic surface is regulated by fluorination treatment. After the tool is cleaned and dried, it is immersed in a mixed solution of 1% trityl fluorosilane and anhydrous ethanol for 24 hours and dried again to obtain the required tool.

Images