Coaxial wire powder laser beam welding apparatus and method based on continuous, interrupted wire feeding

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a coaxial wire-powder double laser beam welding device and method based on continuous and discontinuous wire feeding, which comprises a control system, a control cabinet, a laser generating system and a welding head, the welding head comprises an outer shell and a wire-powder coaxial conveying mechanism arranged in the outer shell; the wire-powder coaxial conveying mechanism comprises one powder sprayer and at least two wire feeders, the intersection points of the welding wires fed by all the wire feeders on the surface of a welding piece are uniformly distributed on a circle with the center of the position where the metal powder falls on the surface of the welding piece as the center; one laser beam adjusting mechanism is arranged between the outer shell and the wire-powder coaxial conveying mechanism corresponding to each wire feeder, and the laser beam adjusting mechanism is used for converging the laser beam generated by the laser generator and the welding wire fed by the wire feeder on the surface of the welding piece. By changing the wire feeding condition of one or more wire materials and moving the laser beam, the wire-powder welding in the laser beam is completed, the welding degree at different positions is inconsistent, and the innovation requirement of the experiment is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding technology, specifically to a coaxial wire-powder dual-laser beam welding apparatus and method based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding. Background Technology

[0002] In metal welding, wire laser welding is highly efficient, but its effectiveness is limited by power, which can easily lead to surface problems in the welded material. Furthermore, some metals, such as titanium alloys, have poor surface wear resistance, restricting their application. To address the issue of poor post-weld surface wear resistance, filler materials can be used to mitigate this problem. Powder metals, due to their large heating area and high energy absorption rate, have been widely studied, leading to the development of a new welding process that combines wire and powder materials.

[0003] Patent CN113084347B proposes a wire-powder hybrid laser welding device that feeds wire and powder separately, aiming to reduce residual stress and improve the performance of welded joints. However, during the welding process, this device can only weld wire on one side and powder on the other, which cannot meet the needs of experimental microstructure research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, a coaxial wire-powder dual-laser beam welding device and method based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding is provided. By changing the wire feeding conditions of one or more wires and completing the wire-powder welding within the laser beam through laser beam movement, the welding degree at different positions is made inconsistent, allowing for microstructure control and meeting the innovative requirements of experiments.

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding, comprising a control system, a control cabinet, a laser generating system, and a welding head. The control cabinet is electrically connected to the control system, and the laser generating system and the welding head are electrically connected to the control cabinet. The welding head includes a housing and a wire powder coaxial conveying mechanism disposed within the housing. The wire powder coaxial conveying mechanism includes: a powder sprayer, having one, for spraying metal powder perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece; and at least two wire feeders, for independently conveying welding wire perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece. The intersection points of the welding wires conveyed by all wire feeders on the surface of the workpiece are evenly distributed on a circle centered on the center of the position where the metal powder falls onto the weld surface. A laser beam adjustment mechanism is provided between the housing and the wire powder coaxial conveying mechanism for each wire feeder, and the laser beam adjustment mechanism is used to converge the laser beam generated by the laser generator and the welding wire conveyed by the wire feeder on the surface of the workpiece.

[0006] Preferably, the laser generating system has at least two laser generators, and the laser beam emitted by each laser generator is converged with the welding wire after passing through a laser beam adjustment mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the laser generating system has a laser generator and a beam splitting mechanism is provided inside the housing. The beam splitting mechanism splits a laser beam generated by the laser generator into at least two identical laser beams. Each laser beam generated by the beam splitting mechanism is then connected to the welding wire through a laser beam adjustment mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, the welding head includes a vertically cylindrical inner shell disposed inside the outer shell, the powder sprayer has a powder spraying pipe coaxially disposed in the inner shell, and the powder feeder is disposed in the gap between the inner shell and the powder spraying pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the inner shell is a cylindrical structure.

[0010] Preferably, the inner shell is a multi-faceted cylindrical structure with A ridges and N wire feeders; when N>=3, A is an integer multiple of N.

[0011] Preferably, a straightening block is provided between the outer shell and the inner shell for each wire feeder, and the straightening block has a straightening hole for the welding wire to pass through.

[0012] Preferably, the laser beam adjustment mechanism has at least one movable reflector, and the inner wall of the housing is provided with a drive seat for driving the movable reflector to change the position of the intersection point between the laser beam and the surface of the workpiece.

[0013] Preferably, the drive base has a linear drive mechanism for driving the movable reflector to move along the wire feeding direction; or, it has a rotary drive mechanism for driving the movable reflector to rotate about a rotation axis.

[0014] A coaxial wire powder laser beam welding method based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding, applied to a coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding, includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Move and fix the welding head according to the part to be welded, install the welding wire spool according to the material to be welded, and connect the powder feeding pipe;

[0016] Step 2: Start the control system and control cabinet, and input the laser beam into the welding head;

[0017] Step 3: Control the welding path through the control system to perform wire-powder composite welding;

[0018] Step 4: Select different welding conditions according to welding needs. After welding is completed, turn off the control system and laser generation system.

[0019] In step four, the wire-powder composite welding conditions include:

[0020] Condition A: All wire feeders feed wire continuously, and all welding wires converge with the laser beam on the surface of the workpiece;

[0021] Condition B: At least one wire feeder interrupts wire feeding, and the welding wire fed by the other wire feeders converges with the laser beam on the surface of the workpiece.

[0022] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: by changing the feeding conditions of one or more filaments and completing laser beam optical wire powder welding by moving the laser beam, the degree of welding at different positions is inconsistent, and the microstructure is controlled to meet the innovative requirements of the experiment.

[0023] With dual welding wires and dual laser beams, the wire feeding situation on one side can be changed in real time, so that the welding wire on one side is intermittent or continuous, while the other side is clad with powder, thereby realizing the microstructure control during the welding process and meeting experimental or production needs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the coaxial wire powder dual laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the control method for the coaxial wire powder dual laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding of the present invention, which has two wire feeders.

[0026] The diagram is labeled as follows: 100, Control system; 200, Control cabinet; 300, Laser generating system; 400, Welding head; 401, Outer shell; 402, Inner shell; 403, Wire feeder; 404, Powder feeder; 405, Beam splitting mechanism; 406, Straightening block; 407, Movable reflector; 408, Drive base; 500, Laser beam; 600, Welding wire; 700, Metal powder. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Reference Figure 1As shown, a coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding includes a control system 100, a control cabinet 200, a laser generating system 300, and a welding head 400. The control cabinet 200 is electrically connected to the control system 100, and the laser generating system 300 and the welding head 400 are electrically connected to the control cabinet 200. The welding head 400 includes a housing 401 and a coaxial wire powder conveying mechanism disposed within the housing 401. The coaxial wire powder conveying mechanism includes a powder sprayer 404, which has one unit for spraying metal in a state perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece. Powder 700; wire feeders 403, at least two, for independently feeding welding wire 600 in a state perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece, the intersection points of the welding wire 600 fed by all wire feeders 403 on the surface of the workpiece are evenly distributed on a circle with the center of the position where the metal powder 700 falls on the weld surface as the center; a laser beam adjustment mechanism is provided between the housing 401 and the wire and powder coaxial conveying mechanism for each wire feeder 403, the laser beam adjustment mechanism is used to converge the laser beam 500 generated by the laser generator and the welding wire 600 fed by the wire feeder 403 on the surface of the workpiece.

[0029] As a first specific embodiment of the present invention, the laser generating system 300 has at least two laser generators. The laser beam 500 emitted by each laser generator is converged with the welding wire 600 after passing through a laser beam adjustment mechanism. Taking a system with only two wire feeders 403 as an example, the two generated laser beams 500 can be converged with the welding wire 600 fed to the surface of the workpiece by the wire feeders 403, respectively, to heat the welding wire 600. Since the welding wire 600 is actually very close to the metal powder 700, the laser beam 500 can also heat the metal powder 700. It should be noted that since two independent laser generators emit laser beams 500 respectively, two laser beams 500 with the same or different energies can be generated by controlling the laser generators to meet experimental requirements. Alternatively, depending on the needs of the experiment, the feeding of welding wire 600 from one of the wire feeders 403 can be interrupted. At the same time, the laser beam 500 corresponding to the interrupted welding wire 600 can be adjusted by the laser beam adjustment mechanism to align with the metal powder 700 sprayed onto the surface of the workpiece and heat the metal powder 700. Alternatively, the laser beam 500 can be removed without heating the metal powder 700.

[0030] In a second specific embodiment of the present invention, the laser generating system 300 has a laser generator, and a beam splitting mechanism 405 is provided inside the housing 401. The beam splitting mechanism 405 splits a laser beam 500 generated by the laser generator into at least two identical laser beams 500. Each laser beam 500 generated by the beam splitting mechanism 405 is then connected to the welding wire 600 after passing through a laser beam adjustment mechanism. Again, taking only two wire feeders 403 as an example, unlike the first specific embodiment, one laser beam 500 is split into two identical laser beams 500 by the beam splitting mechanism 405. This ensures that when both wire feeders 403 are continuously feeding wire, the two welding wires 600 are subjected to the same heating conditions.

[0031] Preferably, the welding head 400 includes a vertically cylindrical inner shell 402 disposed inside the outer shell 401, and the powder sprayer 404 has a powder spraying tube coaxially disposed in the inner shell 402, and the powder sprayer 404 is disposed in the gap between the inner shell 402 and the powder spraying tube.

[0032] Preferably, the inner shell 402 is a cylindrical structure. As one embodiment of the inner shell 402, the inner shell 402 is a polygonal prism cylindrical structure, the number of ridges of the inner shell 402 is A, and the number of wire feeders 403 is N; when N>=3, A is an integer multiple of N.

[0033] If there are three wire feeders 403, the inner shell 402 is a triangular prism-shaped cylindrical structure, and one wire feeder 403 is provided on the inner wall of the inner shell 402.

[0034] If there are three wire feeders 403, the inner shell 402 is a hexagonal prism cylindrical structure, and a wire feeder 403 is arranged at intervals on the inner wall of the inner shell 402, that is, the inner shell 402 consists of six inner walls, and a wire feeder 403 is arranged on each inner wall at intervals.

[0035] If there are four wire feeders 403, the inner shell 402 is a quadrangular prism cylindrical structure, and one wire feeder 403 is provided on the inner wall of the inner shell 402.

[0036] If there are three wire feeders 403, the inner shell 402 is an octagonal prism cylindrical structure, and a wire feeder 403 is arranged at intervals on the inner wall of the inner shell 402, that is, the inner shell 402 consists of eight inner walls, and a wire feeder 403 is arranged on each inner wall at intervals.

[0037] Since the laser beam 500 needs to converge with the welding wire 600 on the surface of the workpiece, the position adjustment of the laser beam 500 is relatively convenient. However, the position of the welding wire 600 at the end of the feed is prone to displacement. Therefore, a straightening block 406 is provided between the outer shell 401 and the inner shell 402 for each wire feeder 403. The straightening block 406 has a straightening hole for the welding wire 600 to pass through, to ensure that the end of the welding wire 600 is relatively straight and can converge with the laser beam 500.

[0038] The straightening block 406 includes a fixed block and a movable block that can move relative to the fixed block along a direction perpendicular to the wire feeding direction. Both the fixed block and the movable block are provided with straightening grooves. When the movable block and the fixed block are combined, the two straightening grooves are combined into the straightening hole.

[0039] Because the diameter of the straightening hole is small, the straightening block 406 is designed as a split structure to facilitate the passing of the welding wire 600 through the straightening hole during the preparation process.

[0040] Preferably, the laser beam adjustment mechanism has at least one movable reflector 407, and the inner wall of the housing 401 is provided with a drive seat 408 for driving the movable reflector 407 to change the position of the intersection point between the laser beam 500 and the surface of the workpiece. The drive seat 408 mainly changes the position of the laser beam 500 projected onto the surface of the workpiece, whether it converges with the welding wire 600, or with the metal powder 700, or neither with the welding wire 600 nor with the metal powder 700.

[0041] Preferably, the drive base 408 has a linear drive mechanism for driving the movable reflector to move along the wire feeding direction; or, it has a rotary drive mechanism for driving the movable reflector to rotate about a rotation axis.

[0042] When the movable reflector 407 is moved by a linear drive mechanism to change the projection position of the laser beam 500, the reflective surface of the movable reflector 407 is not parallel to the conveying direction of the welding wire 600. Therefore, when the linear drive mechanism moves along the conveying direction of the welding wire 600, the position of the laser beam 500 at the projection point reflected by the movable reflector 407 will change.

[0043] When the movable reflector 407 is moved by the rotary drive mechanism, it is actually driven to rotate around an axis perpendicular to the plane defined by the axis of the jet tube and the axis of the welding wire 600. That is, when the rotary drive mechanism drives the movable reflector 407 to rotate around the rotation axis, the trajectory of the projection point of the laser beam 500 on the surface of the workpiece coincides with the projection of the laser beam 500 onto the surface of the workpiece in the plane defined by the axis of the jet tube and the axis of the welding wire 600. This ensures that by changing the position of the movable reflector 407, the laser beam 500 can be selected to converge with the welding wire 600, the laser beam 500 with the metal powder 700, or neither.

[0044] A coaxial wire powder laser beam welding method based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding, applied to a coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding, includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: According to the part to be welded, move and fix the welding head 400, install the welding wire 600 spool according to the material to be welded, and connect the powder feeding pipe;

[0046] Step 2: Start the control system 100 and control cabinet 200, and input the laser beam 500 into the welding head 400;

[0047] Step 3: Control the welding path through the control system 100 to perform wire-powder composite welding;

[0048] Step 4: Select different welding conditions according to welding needs. After welding is completed, turn off the control system 100 and the laser generation system 300.

[0049] In step four, the wire-powder composite welding conditions include:

[0050] Condition A: All wire feeders 403 continuously feed wire, and all welding wires 600 converge with the laser beam 500 on the surface of the workpiece;

[0051] Condition B: At least one wire feeder 403 interrupts wire feeding, and the welding wire 600 fed by the other wire feeders 403 converges with the laser beam 500 on the surface of the workpiece.

[0052] Reference Figure 2 As shown, this is a coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding, which has two wire feeders 403. It can conduct comparative experiments on the welding effect of continuous feeding and synchronous heating of welding wire 600 on both sides and the welding effect of continuous feeding and independent heating of welding wire 600 on one side.

[0053] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding, comprising a control system (100), a control cabinet (200), a laser generating system (300), and a welding head (400), wherein the control cabinet (200) is electrically connected to the control system (100), and the laser generating system (300) and the welding head (400) are electrically connected to the control cabinet (200), characterized in that, The welding head (400) includes a housing (401) and a wire powder coaxial conveying mechanism disposed within the housing (401); The coaxial conveying mechanism for silk powder includes: The powder sprayer (404) has one for spraying metal powder (700) in a state perpendicular to the surface of the weldment. At least two wire feeders (403) are used to independently feed welding wire (600) in a state perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece. The intersections of the welding wires (600) fed by all wire feeders (403) on the surface of the workpiece are evenly distributed on a circle centered on the center of the location where the metal powder (700) falls onto the weld surface. A laser beam adjustment mechanism is provided between the housing (401) and the wire powder coaxial conveying mechanism for each wire feeder (403). The laser beam adjustment mechanism is used to gather the laser beam (500) generated by the laser emitter and the welding wire (600) conveyed by the wire feeder (403) on the surface of the workpiece.

2. The coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser generating system (300) has at least two laser emitters, and the laser beams (500) emitted by each laser emitter are respectively converged with the welding wire (600) after passing through a laser beam adjustment mechanism.

3. The coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser generating system (300) has a laser generator and a beam splitting mechanism (405) is provided inside the housing (401). The beam splitting mechanism (405) splits a laser beam (500) generated by the laser emitter into at least two identical laser beams (500). Each laser beam (500) generated by the beam splitting mechanism (405) is then connected to the welding wire (600) through a laser beam adjustment mechanism.

4. The coaxial wire powder laser beam welding apparatus based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The welding head (400) includes a vertically cylindrical inner shell (402) disposed inside the outer shell (401), and a powder sprayer (404) having a powder spraying tube coaxially disposed in the inner shell (402), with the powder sprayer (404) disposed in the gap between the inner shell (402) and the powder spraying tube.

5. The coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner shell (402) is a cylindrical structure.

6. The coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner shell (402) is a multi-faceted cylindrical structure, with A being the number of ridges and N being the number of wire feeders (403). When N>=3, A is an integer multiple of N.

7. The coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding according to claim 4, characterized in that, A straightening block (406) is provided between the outer shell (401) and the inner shell (402) for each wire feeder (403), the straightening block (406) having a straightening hole for the welding wire (600) to pass through.

8. The coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding according to claim 4, characterized in that, The laser beam adjustment mechanism has at least one movable reflector (407), and the inner wall of the housing (401) is provided with a drive seat (408) for driving the movable reflector (407) to change the position of the intersection point between the laser beam (500) and the surface of the workpiece.

9. The coaxial wire powder laser beam welding device based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drive base (408) has a linear drive mechanism that drives the active reflector to move along the wire feeding direction; Alternatively, it has a rotary drive mechanism that drives the active reflector to rotate about a rotation axis.

10. A coaxial wire powder laser beam welding method based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding, applied to the coaxial wire powder laser beam welding apparatus based on continuous and intermittent wire feeding as described in claim 1, comprising the following steps: Step 1: According to the part to be welded, move and fix the welding head (400), install the welding wire (600) spool according to the material to be welded, and connect the powder feeding pipe; Step 2: Start the control system (100) and control cabinet (200), and input the laser beam (500) into the welding head (400); Step 3: Control the welding path through the control system (100) to perform wire-powder composite welding; Step 4: Select different welding conditions according to welding needs. After welding is completed, turn off the control system (100) and the laser generation system (300). In step four, the wire-powder composite welding conditions include: Condition A: All wire feeders (403) feed wire continuously, and all welding wires (600) converge with the laser beam (500) on the surface of the workpiece; Condition B: At least one wire feeder (403) interrupts wire feeding, and the welding wire (600) fed by the other wire feeders (403) converges with the laser beam (500) on the surface of the workpiece.

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