Heat insulation component, battery module and electrical equipment

Abstract

The present application provides a heat insulation component, a battery module and an electrical device, relating to the technical field of batteries. Among them, the heat insulation component includes a first heat absorption layer, one side of the first heat absorption layer can be attached to the battery cell, and the heat generated by the battery cell can be first conducted to the side of the first heat absorption layer close to the battery cell. The temperature of the part of the first heat absorption layer close to the battery cell is relatively high, and the temperature of the part of the first heat absorption layer far from the battery cell is relatively low. The first heat absorption layer at least includes a first heat absorption sub-layer and a second heat absorption sub-layer stacked on top of each other. The first heat absorption sub-layer is close to the battery cell, and the second heat absorption sub-layer is relatively far from the battery cell. The heat reaction temperature of the first heat absorption sub-layer is higher than that of the second self-heat absorption layer, so that the first heat absorption sub-layer can first absorb part of the high heat released by the battery cell, reducing the heat. The reduced heat can be absorbed by the second heat absorption sub-layer, so that the heat released by the battery cell can be fully absorbed by the heat absorption layer, avoiding the heat from dissipating in the battery module and affecting other battery cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a heat insulation component, a battery module and an electrical device, and belongs to the technical field of battery modules. Background Art

[0002] A battery module is a module structure formed by stacking multiple battery cells. During the charging and discharging process of the battery module, some battery cells may experience thermal runaway due to accidents. The thermally runaway battery cells will release a large amount of heat, and the heat will also be conducted to adjacent battery cells, causing the temperature of the adjacent battery cells to rise, which may further lead to thermal runaway of other battery cells, and ultimately resulting in an explosion risk for the battery module.

[0003] Currently, in order to avoid the spread of thermal runaway in the battery module, a heat insulation layer can be provided between adjacent battery cells to block the heat released by the thermally runaway battery cells. However, the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation layer is not good, and only part of the heat can be blocked, resulting in some heat still being conducted to adjacent battery cells, thus making the risk of thermal runaway spread in the battery module relatively high. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a heat insulation component, a battery module and an electrical device, which solve the problem that the battery module in the related art is prone to thermal runaway spread.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a heat insulation component, including:

[0006] A first heat absorption layer, the first heat absorption layer includes at least a first heat absorption sub-layer and a second heat absorption sub-layer, and the first heat absorption sub-layer and the second heat absorption sub-layer are stacked;

[0007] Wherein, the thermal reaction temperature of the first heat absorption sub-layer adjacent to the heat source is higher than the thermal reaction temperature of the second heat absorption sub-layer away from the heat source.

[0008] In some embodiments, the heat insulation component further includes a first heat insulation layer, and the first heat insulation layer is stacked on a side of the first heat absorption sub-layer facing away from the second heat absorption sub-layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the heat insulation component further includes a second heat absorption layer, and the second heat absorption layer is stacked on a side of the first heat absorption layer facing away from the first heat insulation layer;

[0010] The second heat absorption layer includes at least a third heat absorption sub-layer and a fourth heat absorption sub-layer, the third heat absorption sub-layer and the fourth heat absorption sub-layer are stacked, and the thermal reaction temperature of the third heat absorption sub-layer adjacent to the first heat absorption layer is lower than the thermal reaction temperature of the fourth heat absorption sub-layer away from the first heat absorption layer.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first heat-absorbing sub-layer away from the first heat-insulating layer and the second heat-absorbing sub-layer close to the first heat-insulating layer are of an integral structure.

[0012] In some embodiments, the heat-insulating assembly further includes a second heat-insulating layer, and the second heat-insulating layer is stacked on the side of the second heat-absorbing layer facing away from the first heat-absorbing layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, the material of the first heat-absorbing layer is a phase change material and / or a chemical heat storage material;

[0014] The material of the second heat-absorbing layer is a phase change material and / or a chemical heat storage material.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the material of the first heat-absorbing sub-layer is a chemical heat storage material, the material of the first heat-absorbing sub-layer includes at least one of Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4, and PbCO3;

[0016] When the material of the first heat-absorbing sub-layer is a phase change material, the material of the first heat-absorbing sub-layer includes at least one of a mixture of Li2CO3, Na2CO3, and K2CO3, a mixture of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2, a mixture of MgCl2 and NaCl, a mixture of MgCl2 and KCl, and a mixture of Li2CO3 and K2CO3;

[0017] When the material of the fourth heat-absorbing sub-layer is a chemical heat storage material, the material of the fourth heat-absorbing sub-layer includes at least one of Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4, and PbCO3;

[0018] When the material of the fourth heat-absorbing sub-layer is a phase change material, the material of the fourth heat-absorbing sub-layer includes at least one of a mixture of Li2CO3, Na2CO3, and K2CO3, a mixture of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2, a mixture of MgCl2 and NaCl, a mixture of MgCl2 and KCl, and a mixture of Li2CO3 and K2CO3.

[0019] In some embodiments, when the material of the second heat-absorbing sub-layer is a chemical heat storage material, the material of the second heat-absorbing sub-layer includes at least one of Ni(OH)2, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, MgAl(OH)5, and Mg(OH)2;

[0020] When the material of the second heat absorption layer is a phase change material, the material of the second heat absorption layer includes at least one of a mixture of LiNO3 and KCl, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of KNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaCl, and a mixture of NaNO3 and KNO3;

[0021] When the material of the third heat absorption layer is a chemical heat storage material, the material of the third heat absorption layer includes at least one of Ni(OH)2, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, MgAl(OH)5, and Mg(OH)2;

[0022] When the material of the third heat absorption layer is a phase change material, the material of the third heat absorption layer includes at least one of a mixture of LiNO3 and KCl, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of KNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaCl, and a mixture of NaNO3 and KNO3.

[0023] In some embodiments, the material of the first heat insulation layer includes at least one of aerogel heat insulation cotton, mica sheet, vacuum heat insulation panel, asbestos, glass wool, expanded pearl cotton, slag wool, and foamed ceramics;

[0024] The material of the second heat insulation layer includes at least one of aerogel heat insulation cotton, mica sheet, vacuum heat insulation panel, asbestos, glass wool, expanded pearl cotton, slag wool, and foamed ceramics.

[0025] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm;

[0026] The thickness of the first heat absorption layer and the second heat absorption layer is greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0027] In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the first heat absorption sub-layer to the thickness of the second heat absorption sub-layer is between 1:100 and 100:1;

[0028] The ratio of the thickness of the fourth heat absorption sub-layer to the thickness of the third heat absorption sub-layer is between 1:100 and 100:1.

[0029] In a second aspect, based on the above heat insulation component, the present application provides a battery module, including a housing, a plurality of battery cells, and the above heat insulation component. The plurality of battery cells are stacked in the housing along the thickness direction of the battery cells, and the heat insulation component is located between adjacent battery cells.

[0030] In a third aspect, based on the above battery module, the present application further proposes an electrical device, including the above battery module.

[0031] The heat insulation component provided by the present application can be applied to a battery module and is disposed on the battery cell. Among them, one side of the first heat absorption layer can be attached to the battery cell, and the heat generated by the battery cell can be first conducted to the side of the first heat absorption layer close to the battery cell. The temperature of the part of the first heat absorption layer close to the battery cell is relatively high, and the temperature of the part of the first heat absorption layer far from the battery cell is relatively low. The first heat absorption layer at least includes a first heat absorption sub-layer and a second heat absorption sub-layer stacked on top of each other. The first heat absorption sub-layer is close to the battery cell, and the second heat absorption sub-layer is relatively far from the battery cell. The thermal reaction temperature of the first heat absorption sub-layer is higher than that of the second self-heat absorption layer, so that the first heat absorption sub-layer can first absorb part of the high heat released by the battery cell, reducing the heat, and the reduced heat can be absorbed by the second heat absorption sub-layer, so that the heat released by the battery cell can be fully absorbed by the heat absorption layer, avoiding the heat from dissipating in the battery module and affecting other battery cells.

[0032] For the battery module proposed by the present application, due to the application of the above heat insulation component, when some battery cells in the battery module have thermal runaway, the heat can be effectively blocked and absorbed, preventing the heat from being conducted to adjacent battery cells, thereby effectively reducing the explosion risk of the battery module. Description of the Drawings

[0033] Through the following detailed description with reference to the drawings, the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application will become more easily understood. In the drawings, multiple embodiments of the present application will be illustrated by way of example and not limitation, where:

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the battery module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the heat insulation component according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first heat absorption layer of the heat insulation component according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the second heat absorption layer of the heat insulation component according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the third heat absorption sub-layer and the fourth heat absorption sub-layer of the heat insulation component according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the second heat absorption sub-layer and the third heat absorption sub-layer of the heat insulation component being integrated according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Reference Signs:

[0041] 10 - Heat insulation component,

[0042] 100 - The first heat insulation layer,

[0043] 200 - The first heat absorption layer, 210 - The first heat absorption sub - layer, 220 - The second heat absorption sub - layer,

[0044] 300 - The second heat absorption layer, 310 - The third heat absorption sub - layer, 320 - The fourth heat absorption sub - layer,

[0045] 400 - The second heat insulation layer,

[0046] 500 - The battery cell,

[0047] 600 - The housing. Detailed implementation manners

[0048] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0049] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0050] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0051] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, terms such as "installed", "connected", "joined", "fixed", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communicable with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature can be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely means that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely means that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0053] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0054] A battery module is a module structure formed by stacking multiple battery cells. During the charging and discharging process of the battery module, some battery cells may experience thermal runaway due to accidents. The thermally runaway battery cells will release a large amount of heat, and the heat will also conduct to adjacent battery cells, causing the temperature of the adjacent battery cells to rise, which may in turn cause other battery cells to also experience thermal runaway, ultimately resulting in an explosion risk for the battery module.

[0055] Currently, in order to avoid the spread of thermal runaway in the battery module, a heat insulation layer can be provided between adjacent battery cells to block the heat released by the battery cell in thermal runaway. However, the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation layer is not good. In order to make the heat insulation layer have a good heat insulation effect, the thickness of the heat insulation layer needs to be set relatively thick, which will correspondingly lead to the heat insulation layer occupying too much space in the battery module, thereby reducing the space available for arranging the battery cells, and ultimately reducing the energy density of the battery module.

[0056] The heat insulation component proposed in this application can be applied to the battery module and is arranged on the battery cell. Among them, one side of the first heat absorption layer can be attached to the battery cell, and the heat generated by the battery cell can be first conducted to the side of the first heat absorption layer close to the battery cell. The part of the first heat absorption layer close to the battery cell has a relatively high temperature, and the part of the first heat absorption layer far from the battery cell has a relatively low temperature. The first heat absorption layer at least includes a first heat absorption sub-layer and a second heat absorption sub-layer stacked on top of each other. The first heat absorption sub-layer is close to the battery cell, and the second heat absorption sub-layer is relatively far from the battery cell. The thermal reaction temperature of the first heat absorption sub-layer is higher than that of the second self-heat absorption layer, so that the first heat absorption sub-layer can first absorb some of the high heat released by the battery cell, reducing the heat, and the reduced heat can be absorbed by the second heat absorption sub-layer, so that the heat released by the battery cell can be fully absorbed by the heat absorption layer, avoiding the heat from dissipating in the battery module and affecting other battery cells.

[0057] For the battery module proposed in this application, due to the application of the above heat insulation component, when some battery cells in the battery module are in thermal runaway, the heat can be effectively blocked and absorbed, avoiding the heat conduction to adjacent battery cells, thereby effectively reducing the explosion risk of the battery module.

[0058] The following will specifically describe the heat insulation component, battery module and electrical equipment provided by this application in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0059] An embodiment of this application provides a battery module, as shown in Figure 1 including a housing 600, a plurality of battery cells 500 and a heat insulation component.

[0060] Among them, the housing 600 is the basic component of the battery module of this application. The housing 600 can provide an installation basis for at least some other components of the battery module and serve the purpose of protecting at least some other components. The housing 600 can be prepared from a metal material, so that the housing 600 has better structural strength, thereby making the durability and reliability of the housing 600 better. Of course, the housing 600 can also be prepared from a composite material, so that the housing 600 has a certain structural strength while being relatively light in weight.

[0061] A plurality of battery cells 500 can be stacked in the housing 600 along the thickness direction of the battery cells 500, that is Figure 1In the X direction, multiple battery cells 500 are electrically connected so that the multiple battery cells 500 can output electric energy simultaneously. The multiple battery cells 500 are stacked along the thickness direction of the battery cells 500, which can make the structure of the battery module relatively more compact. The heat insulation component is arranged between adjacent battery cells 500. When some battery cells 500 in the battery module have a thermal runaway condition and release heat, the heat insulation component can be used to block the heat released by the battery cells 500, so as to reduce the heat conducted to adjacent battery cells 500, avoid the temperature of the battery cells 500 adjacent to the thermally runaway battery cells 500 from being too high, and further avoid the spread of thermal runaway in the battery module.

[0062] To make the safety and reliability of the battery module of the present application better, referring to Figures 2 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present application further provides a heat insulation component 10, including a first heat absorption layer 200. The heat insulation component 10 can be applied to the battery module of the present application, and the heat insulation component is arranged between adjacent battery cells 500.

[0063] The first heat absorption layer 200 in the present application can be set to at least include a first heat absorption sub-layer 210 and a second heat absorption sub-layer 220. The first heat absorption sub-layer 210 is stacked on the first heat insulation layer 100, and the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 is stacked on the battery cell 500. The second heat absorption sub-layer 220 is located on the side of the first heat absorption layer 210 facing away from the battery cell 500. The thermal reaction temperature of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 is higher than that of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220. Among them, the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 is stacked on the battery cell 500, so that the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 can be attached to the battery cell 500. The second heat absorption sub-layer 220 is stacked on the side of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 facing away from the battery cell 500, so that the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 is closer to the battery cell 500 than the second heat absorption sub-layer 220, and the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 is farther from the battery cell 500 than the first heat absorption sub-layer 210.

[0064] The thermal reaction temperature of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 is higher than that of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220. When the thermally runaway battery cell 500 releases heat, the heat is first conducted to the first heat absorption sub-layer 210. Correspondingly, more heat is conducted to the first heat absorption sub-layer 210, making the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 heated more fully by the heat released by the thermally runaway battery cell 500 and having a higher temperature. The first heat absorption sub-layer 210 can absorb the higher heat. The relatively high thermal reaction temperature of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 enables the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 to fully absorb the higher heat. The remaining heat after being absorbed by the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 is lower, and the remaining heat is conducted to the second heat absorption sub-layer 220. The thermal reaction temperature of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 is lower, so that the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 can fully absorb the lower heat, so that the heat released by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 500 can be fully absorbed.

[0065] In addition, the first heat absorption layer 200 may also be provided with a larger number of heat absorption sub-layers. For example, a heat absorption sub-layer may be stacked on the side of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 facing away from the first heat absorption sub-layer 210, and the thermal reaction temperature of this heat absorption sub-layer is lower than that of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220. Thus, the multiple heat absorption sub-layers in the first heat absorption layer 200 can sequentially absorb the gradually decreasing heat, so that the effect of the first heat absorption layer 200 absorbing heat is better.

[0066] In some embodiments, the heat insulation component 10 of the present application may also be provided with a first heat insulation layer 100. The first heat insulation layer 100 is a basic component of the heat insulation component of the present application. The first heat insulation layer 100 can provide an installation basis for at least some other components of the heat insulation component. The first heat insulation layer 100 is prepared from a heat insulation material, so that the first heat insulation layer 100 can block heat. The first heat insulation layer 100 can be arranged in contact with the battery cell 500 of the battery module, specifically in contact with the large surface of the battery cell 500. When the battery cell 500 has a thermal runaway condition and releases heat, the heat will first be blocked by the first heat insulation layer 100, so that the heat conducted through the first heat insulation layer 100 to the battery cell 500 adjacent to the thermally runaway battery cell 500 is reduced to a certain extent. The first heat absorption layer 200 is stacked on the first heat insulation layer 100 and is located on the side of the first heat insulation layer 100 facing away from the battery cell 500. Specifically, the stacking direction of the first heat absorption layer 200 and the first heat insulation layer 100 is the thickness direction of the battery cell 500, that is Figure 2 the X direction in. Correspondingly, a part of the heat released by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 500 that is not blocked by the first heat insulation layer 100 can be conducted to the first heat absorption layer 200. The first heat absorption layer 200 is prepared from a heat absorption material, so that the first heat absorption layer 200 can absorb the heat released by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 500, thereby reducing the heat conducted from the thermally runaway battery cell 500 to the adjacent battery cell 500.

[0067] Therefore, when some battery cells 500 in the battery module have a thermal runaway condition and release heat, part of the heat can be blocked by the first heat insulation layer 100, and another part of the heat can be gradually absorbed by the first heat absorption layer 200, so that the heat finally conducted to the adjacent battery cell 500 is relatively low, avoiding the adjacent battery cell 500 from overheating and having a thermal runaway, effectively preventing the probability of the thermal runaway spread condition of the battery module, and improving the safety and reliability of the battery module.

[0068] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 4As shown, the heat insulation component of the present application may further include a second heat absorption layer 300. The second heat absorption layer 300 is stacked on the side of the first heat absorption layer 200 facing away from the first heat insulation layer 100. In the direction away from the first heat insulation layer 100, the heat reaction temperature of the second heat absorption layer 300 increases, so that the heat reaction temperature on the side of the second heat absorption layer 300 away from the first heat absorption layer 200 is higher than the heat reaction temperature on the side of the second heat absorption layer 300 close to the first heat absorption layer 200. Among them, since the heat insulation component can be arranged between adjacent battery cells 500 in the battery module, and the second heat absorption layer 300 is stacked on the side of the first heat absorption layer 200 facing away from the first heat insulation layer 100, the first heat insulation layer 100 is attached to one of the adjacent two battery cells 500, and the side of the second heat absorption layer 300 away from the first heat absorption layer 200 can be attached to the other of the adjacent two battery cells 500.

[0069] In this way, when the other battery cell 500 among the adjacent two battery cells 500 has a thermal runaway condition and releases heat, the released heat can be conducted to the second heat absorption layer 300. The heat reaction temperature on the side of the second heat absorption layer 300 away from the first heat absorption layer 200 is relatively high, so that the second heat absorption layer 300 can absorb the higher heat. The remaining heat after being absorbed by the side of the second heat absorption layer 300 away from the first heat absorption layer 200 is conducted to the side of the second heat absorption layer 300 close to the first heat absorption layer 200. The side of the second heat absorption layer 300 close to the first heat absorption layer 200 can reduce the absorption of the remaining reduced heat, so that the heat released by the thermal runaway of the other battery cell 500 can also be effectively absorbed. Thus, when the adjacent two battery cells 500 in the battery module have a thermal runaway, the heat can be fully and effectively absorbed by the heat insulation component, further improving the performance of the battery module in preventing the spread of thermal runaway and making the safety and reliability of the battery module better.

[0070] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 5 As shown, the second heat absorption layer 300 in the present application may be provided to include a third heat absorption sub-layer 310 and a fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320. The third heat absorption sub-layer 310 is stacked on the side of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 facing away from the first heat absorption sub-layer 210, and the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320 is stacked on the side of the third heat absorption sub-layer 310 facing away from the second heat absorption sub-layer 220. The heat reaction temperature of the third heat absorption sub-layer 310 is lower than the heat reaction temperature of the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320. Correspondingly, the third heat absorption sub-layer 310 is stacked on the side of the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320 facing away from the battery cell 500, so that the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320 is closer to the battery cell 500 than the third heat absorption sub-layer 310, and the third heat absorption sub-layer 310 is farther away from the battery cell 500 than the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320.

[0071] When the heat - out - of - control battery cell 500 releases heat, the heat is first conducted to the fourth heat - absorbing sub - layer 320. Correspondingly, more sufficient heat is conducted to the fourth heat - absorbing sub - layer 320, making the fourth heat - absorbing sub - layer 320 heated more fully by the heat released by the heat - out - of - control battery cell 500, with a higher temperature. The fourth heat - absorbing sub - layer 320 can absorb a relatively high amount of heat. The thermal reaction temperature of the fourth heat - absorbing sub - layer 320 is relatively high, enabling the fourth heat - absorbing sub - layer 320 to fully absorb a relatively high amount of heat. After the heat is absorbed by the fourth heat - absorbing sub - layer 320, the remaining heat is relatively low, and the remaining heat is conducted to the third heat - absorbing sub - layer 310. The thermal reaction temperature of the third heat - absorbing sub - layer 310 is relatively low, enabling the third heat - absorbing sub - layer 310 to fully absorb the relatively low amount of heat, so that the heat released by the heat - out - of - control of the battery cell 500 can be fully absorbed.

[0072] In addition, the second heat - absorbing layer 300 can also be provided with a larger number of heat - absorbing sub - layers. For example, another heat - absorbing sub - layer is stacked on the side of the third heat - absorbing sub - layer 310 facing away from the fourth heat - absorbing sub - layer 320, and the thermal reaction temperature of this heat - absorbing sub - layer is lower than that of the third heat - absorbing sub - layer 310. Thus, the multiple heat - absorbing sub - layers in the second heat - absorbing layer 300 can sequentially absorb the gradually decreasing heat, making the heat - absorbing effect of the second heat - absorbing layer 300 better.

[0073] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 5 As shown, the heat - insulation component of the present application can also be provided with a second heat - insulation layer 400, and the second heat - insulation layer 400 can be stacked on the side of the second heat - absorbing layer 300 facing away from the first heat - absorbing layer 200. Specifically, the second heat - insulation layer 400 can be stacked on the side of the fourth heat - absorbing sub - layer 320 facing away from the third heat - absorbing sub - layer 310, and the side of the second heat - insulation layer 400 facing the fourth heat - absorbing sub - layer 320 can be attached to another battery cell 500 among two adjacent battery cells 500. The second heat - insulation layer 400 is made of heat - insulation material. When another battery cell 500 has a heat - out - of - control condition and releases heat, part of the heat can be blocked by the second heat - insulation layer 400 first, and the remaining heat is then conducted to the fourth heat - insulation part, thereby further reducing the amount of heat conduction between adjacent battery cells 500.

[0074] In some embodiments, this reference Figure 6As shown, the second heat-absorbing sub-layer 220 and the third heat-absorbing sub-layer 310 of the application can be set as an integral structure, that is, the second heat-absorbing sub-layer 220 and the third heat-absorbing sub-layer 310 are connected as a whole and can be integrally prepared and formed. When preparing the heat-insulating component of the present application, after the second heat-absorbing sub-layer 220 and the third heat-absorbing sub-layer 310 are integrally formed, the first heat-absorbing sub-layer 210 and the fourth heat-absorbing sub-layer 320 can be respectively stacked on both sides of the integral structure of the second heat-absorbing sub-layer 220 and the third heat-absorbing sub-layer 310, and then the first heat-insulating layer 100 is stacked on the first heat-absorbing sub-layer 210, and the second heat-insulating layer 400 is stacked on the fourth heat-absorbing sub-layer 320. In this way, it is not necessary to separately prepare the second heat-absorbing sub-layer 220 and the third heat-absorbing sub-layer 310, making the preparation process of the heat-insulating component simpler and the structure more compact.

[0075] In some embodiments, in order to enable the first heat-absorbing layer 200 and the second heat-absorbing layer 300 in the present application to absorb heat, the material of the first heat-absorbing layer 200 can be a phase change material and / or a chemical heat storage material, and the material of the second heat-absorbing layer 300 can also be a phase change material and / or a chemical heat storage material. The phase change material can absorb heat through a physical reaction, and the chemical heat storage material can absorb heat through a chemical reaction, so that both the first heat-absorbing layer 200 and the second heat-absorbing layer 300 can absorb heat.

[0076] Specifically, the first heat-absorbing layer 200 can use a phase change material, a chemical material, or part of the first heat-absorbing layer 200 uses a phase change material, and another part of the first heat-absorbing layer 200 uses a chemical heat storage material. The second heat-absorbing layer 300 can use a phase change material, a chemical material, or part of the first heat-absorbing layer 200 uses a phase change material, and another part of the first heat-absorbing layer 200 uses a chemical heat storage material.

[0077] In some embodiments, the first heat-absorbing sub-layer 210 of the first heat-absorbing layer 200 in the present application can be prepared using a phase change material or a chemical heat storage material. When the first heat-absorbing sub-layer 210 uses a chemical heat storage material, the material of the first heat-absorbing sub-layer 210 includes at least one of Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4, and PbCO3. That is, the first heat-absorbing sub-layer 210 can be prepared using any single material among the above-mentioned multiple chemical heat storage materials, or prepared by mixing multiple materials among the above-mentioned multiple chemical heat storage materials. In this way, both can enable the first heat-absorbing sub-layer 210 to absorb heat and make the thermal reaction temperature of the first heat-absorbing sub-layer 210 relatively high.

[0078] When the first endothermic layer 210 uses a phase change material, the material of the first endothermic layer 210 includes at least one of a mixture of Li2CO3, Na2CO3, and K2CO3, a mixture of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2, a mixture of MgCl2 and NaCl, a mixture of MgCl2 and KCl, and a mixture of Li2CO3 and K2CO3. This enables the first endothermic layer 210 to absorb heat and makes the thermal reaction temperature of the first endothermic layer 210 relatively high.

[0079] In this application, the fourth endothermic layer 320 of the second endothermic layer 300 can be prepared using a phase change material or a chemical heat storage material. When the fourth endothermic layer 320 uses a chemical heat storage material, the material of the fourth endothermic layer 320 includes at least one of Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4, and PbCO3. That is, the fourth endothermic layer 320 can be prepared using any single one of the above-mentioned multiple chemical heat storage materials, or using a mixture of multiple materials among the above-mentioned multiple chemical heat storage materials. This can enable the fourth endothermic layer 320 to absorb heat and makes the thermal reaction temperature of the fourth endothermic layer 320 relatively high.

[0080] When the fourth endothermic layer 320 uses a phase change material, the material of the fourth endothermic layer 320 includes at least one of a mixture of Li2CO3, Na2CO3, and K2CO3, a mixture of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2, a mixture of MgCl2 and NaCl, a mixture of MgCl2 and KCl, and a mixture of Li2CO3 and K2CO3. This enables the fourth endothermic layer 320 to absorb heat and makes the thermal reaction temperature of the fourth endothermic layer 320 relatively high.

[0081] In some embodiments, the second endothermic layer 220 of the first endothermic layer 200 in this application can be prepared using a phase change material or a chemical heat storage material. When the second endothermic layer 220 uses a chemical heat storage material, the material of the second endothermic layer 220 includes at least one of Ni(OH)2, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, MgAl(OH)5, and Mg(OH)2. That is, the second endothermic layer 220 can be prepared using any single one of the above-mentioned multiple chemical heat storage materials, or using a mixture of multiple materials among the above-mentioned multiple chemical heat storage materials. This can enable the second endothermic layer 220 to absorb heat and makes the thermal reaction temperature of the second endothermic layer 220 lower than that of the first endothermic layer 210.

[0082] When the second endothermic layer 220 uses a phase change material, the material of the second endothermic layer 220 includes at least one of a mixture of LiNO3 and KCl, a mixture of LiNO3 and KCl, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of KNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaCl, and a mixture of NaNO3 and KNO3. This enables the second endothermic layer 220 to absorb heat and makes the thermal reaction temperature of the second endothermic layer 220 lower than that of the first endothermic layer 210.

[0083] The third endothermic layer 310 of the second endothermic layer 300 in the present application can be prepared using a phase change material or a chemical heat storage material. When the third endothermic layer 310 uses a chemical heat storage material, the material of the third endothermic layer 310 includes at least one of Ni(OH)2, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, MgAl(OH)5, and Mg(OH)2. That is, the third endothermic layer 310 can be prepared using any single one of the above-mentioned multiple chemical heat storage materials, or prepared by mixing multiple materials among the above-mentioned multiple chemical heat storage materials. This can enable the third endothermic layer 310 to absorb heat and makes the thermal reaction temperature of the third endothermic layer 310 lower than that of the fourth endothermic layer 320.

[0084] When the third endothermic layer 310 uses a phase change material, the material of the third endothermic layer 310 includes at least one of a mixture of LiNO3 and KCl, a mixture of LiNO3 and KCl, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of KNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaCl, and a mixture of NaNO3 and KNO3. This enables the third endothermic layer 310 to absorb heat and makes the thermal reaction temperature of the third endothermic layer 310 lower than that of the fourth endothermic layer 320.

[0085] In some embodiments, in order to enable the first heat insulation layer 100 to block the heat released by the thermal runaway cell 500, the material of the first heat insulation layer 100 can include at least one of aerogel heat insulation cotton, mica sheet, vacuum heat insulation panel, asbestos, glass wool, expanded pearl cotton, slag wool, and foamed ceramics. That is, the first heat insulation layer 100 can be prepared using any single one of the above-mentioned multiple materials, or prepared by mixing multiple materials among the above-mentioned multiple materials. This can enable the first heat insulation layer 100 to have good heat insulation performance.

[0086] To enable the second heat insulation layer 400 to block the heat released by the thermal runaway cell 500, the material of the second heat insulation layer 400 may include at least one of aerogel heat insulation cotton, mica sheet, vacuum heat insulation panel, asbestos, glass wool, expanded pearl cotton, slag wool, and foamed ceramics. That is, the second heat insulation layer 400 can be prepared from any single material among the above-mentioned multiple materials, or from a mixture of multiple materials among the above-mentioned multiple materials, so that the second heat insulation layer 400 can have good heat insulation performance.

[0087] In some embodiments, the thickness dimension of the first heat absorption layer 200 of the present application can be set to be greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm, and the thickness dimension of the second heat absorption layer 300 can also be set to be greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0088] The thickness dimension of the first heat insulation layer 100 can be set to be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm, and the thickness dimension of the second heat insulation layer 400 can also be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0089] Thus, the heat insulation component of the present application can have a relatively more compact structure while having good heat insulation performance, thereby reducing the space occupied by the heat insulation component in the housing 600 of the battery module, making the space available for installing the cell 500 in the housing 600 larger, and further making the electric energy of the battery module more sufficient.

[0090] In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness dimension of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 to the thickness dimension of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 of the present application is between 1:100 and 100:1. The ratio of the thickness dimension of the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320 to the thickness dimension of the third heat absorption sub-layer 310 is between 1:100 and 100:1.

[0091] Next, the heat insulation performance of the heat insulation component of the present application will be further described through three groups of experiments.

[0092] In Experiment 1, the thickness dimensions of the first heat insulation layer 100 and the second heat insulation layer 400 of the heat insulation component are both set to 1 mm, the thickness of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 is 0.3 mm, the sum of the thicknesses of the integrated structure of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 and the third heat absorption sub-layer 310 is 0.4 mm, and the thickness of the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320 is 0.3 mm. The main material of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210, the second heat absorption sub-layer 220, the third heat absorption sub-layer 310, and the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320 is Mg(OH)2, and the additive is epoxy resin, where the epoxy resin can form the powdery Mg(OH)2. The materials of the first heat insulation layer 100 and the second heat insulation layer 400 are silica aerogel heat insulation cotton made of glass fiber.

[0093] Install the heat insulation component between adjacent battery cells 500 of the battery module. After overcharging a certain battery cell 500 to cause a thermal runaway situation in this battery cell 500 and release heat, detect the temperature of this battery cell 500 and the temperatures of other battery cells 500. The highest temperature of the battery cell 500 with thermal runaway is 562 °C, and the battery cell 500 with thermal runaway does not catch fire or explode. The highest temperature of the battery cells 500 adjacent to the battery cell 500 with thermal runaway is 186 °C, and the adjacent battery cells 500 do not trigger a thermal runaway situation. Other battery cells 500 in the battery module that are not adjacent to the battery cell 500 with thermal runaway remain at room temperature, and the battery module does not show a spread of thermal runaway.

[0094] In Experiment 2, the thickness dimensions of the first heat insulation layer 100 and the second heat insulation layer 400 of the heat insulation component are both set to 1 mm, the thickness of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 is 0.4 mm, the total thickness of the integrated structure of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 and the third heat absorption sub-layer 310 is 0.2 mm, and the thickness of the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320 is 0.4 mm. The main materials of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 and the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320 are Mg(OH)2, and the additive is epoxy resin, where the epoxy resin can form the powdery Mg(OH)2. The main materials of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 and the third heat absorption sub-layer 310 are NaHCO3, and the additive is epoxy resin. The materials of the first heat insulation layer 100 and the second heat insulation layer 400 are silica aerogel heat insulation cotton made of glass fiber material.

[0095] Install the heat insulation component between adjacent battery cells 500 of the battery module. After overcharging a certain battery cell 500 to cause a thermal runaway situation in this battery cell 500 and release heat, detect the temperature of this battery cell 500 and the temperatures of other battery cells 500. The highest temperature of the battery cell 500 with thermal runaway is 558 °C, and the battery cell 500 with thermal runaway does not catch fire or explode. The highest temperature of the battery cells 500 adjacent to the battery cell 500 with thermal runaway is 238 °C, and the adjacent battery cells 500 do not trigger a thermal runaway situation. Other battery cells 500 in the battery module that are not adjacent to the battery cell 500 with thermal runaway remain at room temperature, and the battery module does not show a spread of thermal runaway.

[0096] In Experiment 3, the thickness dimensions of the first heat insulation layer 100 and the second heat insulation layer 400 of the heat insulation component are both set to 1 mm. The thickness of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 is 0.3 mm. The sum of the thicknesses of the integrated structure of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 and the third heat absorption sub-layer 310 is 0.4 mm. The thickness of the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320 is 0.3 mm. The main materials of the first heat absorption sub-layer 210 and the fourth heat absorption sub-layer 320 are MgH2, and the additive is epoxy resin, where the epoxy resin can form powdered Mg(OH)2. The main materials of the second heat absorption sub-layer 220 and the third heat absorption sub-layer 310 are Al(OH)3, and the additive is epoxy resin. The materials of the first heat insulation layer 100 and the second heat insulation layer 400 are silica aerogel heat insulation cotton made of glass fiber.

[0097] Install this heat insulation component between adjacent battery cells 500 of the battery module. After a certain battery cell 500 is overcharged and a thermal runaway condition occurs in this battery cell 500, releasing heat, the temperature of this battery cell 500 and the temperatures of other battery cells 500 are detected. The highest temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell 500 is 545 °C, and the thermally runaway battery cell 500 does not catch fire or explode. The highest temperature of the battery cell 500 adjacent to the thermally runaway battery cell 500 is 213 °C, and the adjacent battery cells 500 do not trigger a thermal runaway condition. Other battery cells 500 in the battery module that are not adjacent to the thermally runaway battery cell 500 remain at room temperature, and the battery module does not show a spread of thermal runaway.

[0098] In the control experiment, the heat insulation component does not have the first heat absorption layer 200 and the second heat absorption layer 300, and only a heat insulation layer is provided. The material of the heat insulation layer is silica aerogel heat insulation cotton made of glass fiber, and the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 3 mm.

[0099] Install this heat insulation component between adjacent battery cells of the battery module. After a certain battery cell is overcharged and a thermal runaway condition occurs in this battery cell, releasing heat, the temperature of this battery cell and the temperatures of other battery cells are detected. The highest temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell is 550 °C, and the thermally runaway battery cell does not catch fire or explode. The highest temperature of the battery cell adjacent to the thermally runaway battery cell is 286 °C, and the adjacent battery cells show a thermal runaway condition. The temperatures of other battery cells in the battery module that are not adjacent to the thermally runaway battery cell also increase, and the battery module shows a spread of thermal runaway.

[0100] Therefore, by providing the first heat absorption layer 200 and the second heat absorption layer 300, the heat insulation component of the present application can effectively absorb the heat released by the thermally runaway battery cell 500, reduce the heat conducted to the adjacent battery cells 500, making the safety and reliability of the battery module better.

[0101] The embodiment of the present application also proposes an electrical device, including the above-mentioned battery module. This electrical device can specifically be an electric vehicle, an energy storage device, etc.

[0102] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation component, characterized in that: include: A first heat absorption layer, wherein the first heat absorption layer comprises at least a first heat absorption sublayer and a second heat absorption sublayer, wherein the first heat absorption sublayer and the second heat absorption sublayer are stacked; The thermal reaction temperature of the first heat absorption sublayer adjacent to the battery core is higher than the thermal reaction temperature of the second heat absorption sublayer away from the battery core, so that the heat that can be absorbed by the first heat absorption sublayer is greater than the heat that can be absorbed by the second heat absorption sublayer; a second heat absorbing layer, the second heat absorbing layer being stacked on a side of the second heat absorbing sub-layer facing away from the first heat absorbing sub-layer; The second heat absorption layer at least includes a third heat absorption sublayer and a fourth heat absorption sublayer, which are stacked, and the thermal reaction temperature of the third heat absorption sublayer adjacent to the first heat absorption layer is lower than the thermal reaction temperature of the fourth heat absorption sublayer away from the first heat absorption layer, so that the heat that can be absorbed by the fourth heat absorption sublayer is greater than the heat that can be absorbed by the third heat absorption sublayer.

2. The thermal insulation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that The thermal insulation assembly further includes a first thermal insulation layer, which is stacked on a side of the first heat absorption sub-layer facing away from the second heat absorption sub-layer.

3. The thermal insulation assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first heat absorption sublayer far away from the first heat insulation layer and the second heat absorption sublayer close to the first heat insulation layer are an integrated structure.

4. The thermal insulation assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat insulation assembly further comprises a second heat insulation layer, which is stacked on a side of the second heat absorption layer facing away from the first heat absorption layer.

5. The thermal insulation assembly according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The material of the first heat absorption layer is phase change material and / or chemical heat storage material; The material of the second heat absorption layer is phase change material and / or chemical heat storage material.

6. The thermal insulation assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that When the material of the first heat absorption sublayer is a chemical heat storage material, the material of the first heat absorption sublayer includes at least one of Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4 and PbCO3; When the material of the first heat absorption sublayer is a phase change material, the material of the first heat absorption sublayer includes at least one of a mixture of Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3, a mixture of NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2, a mixture of MgCl2 and NaCl, a mixture of MgCl2 and KCl, and a mixture of Li2CO3 and K2CO3; When the material of the fourth heat absorption sublayer is a chemical heat storage material, the material of the fourth heat absorption sublayer includes at least one of Mg(OH)2, MgH2, Co3O4 and PbCO3; When the material of the fourth heat absorption sublayer is a phase change material, the material of the fourth heat absorption sublayer includes at least one of a mixture of Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3, a mixture of NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2, a mixture of MgCl2 and NaCl, a mixture of MgCl2 and KCl, and a mixture of Li2CO3 and K2CO3.

7. The thermal insulation assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the material of the second heat absorption sublayer is a chemical heat storage material, the material of the second heat absorption sublayer includes at least one of Ni(OH)2, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, MgAl(OH)5 and Mg(OH)2; When the material of the second heat absorption sublayer is a phase change material, the material of the second heat absorption sublayer includes at least one of a mixture of LiNO3 and KCl, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of KNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaCl, and a mixture of NaNO3 and KNO3; When the material of the third heat absorption sublayer is a chemical heat storage material, the material of the third heat absorption sublayer includes at least one of Ni(OH)2, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, MgAl(OH)5 and Mg(OH)2; When the material of the third heat absorption sublayer is a phase change material, the material of the third heat absorption sublayer includes at least one of a mixture of LiNO3 and KCl, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of KNO3 and NaNO3, a mixture of LiNO3 and NaCl, and a mixture of NaNO3 and KNO3.

8. The thermal insulation assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that The material of the first heat insulation layer includes at least one of aerogel insulation wool, mica sheet, vacuum insulation board, asbestos, glass wool, expanded pearl wool, slag wool and foamed ceramics; The material of the second thermal insulation layer includes at least one of aerogel thermal insulation wool, mica sheet, vacuum insulation board, asbestos, glass wool, expanded pearl wool, slag wool and foamed ceramic.

9. The thermal insulation assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that The thickness of the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm; The thickness of the first heat absorption layer and the second heat absorption layer is greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm.

10. The thermal insulation assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that The ratio of the thickness of the first heat absorption sublayer to the thickness of the second heat absorption sublayer is between 1:100 and 100:1; The ratio of the thickness of the fourth heat absorption sublayer to the thickness of the third heat absorption sublayer is between 1:100 and 100:

1.

11. A battery module, characterized in that: It comprises a shell, a plurality of battery cells and a thermal insulation component as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the plurality of battery cells are stacked in the shell along the thickness direction of the battery cells, and the thermal insulation component is located between adjacent battery cells.

12. An electrical device, characterized in that: Includes the thermal insulation assembly as described in any one of claims 1-10, or includes the battery module as described in claim 11.

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