An ammonia dual-fuel marine air conditioning refrigeration system, method and marine vessel

Abstract

The application discloses an ammonia dual-fuel ship air conditioning refrigeration system and method and a ship, and relates to the field of ship air conditioning refrigeration systems. The system comprises an air conditioning cold water unit system, a liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system, an air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank and an air conditioner. The air conditioning cold water unit system, the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system, the air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank and the air conditioner are connected through circulating pipelines and corresponding valves. The air conditioning cold water unit system and the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system are arranged in an ammonia fuel supply equipment room, and the air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank and the air conditioner are arranged inside a driver's cabin. An air conditioning refrigerant water circulating pump is arranged on the circulating pipeline in the ammonia fuel supply equipment room. The application recovers and utilizes the cold energy of low-temperature stored ammonia fuel, solves the problem that a ship is difficult to maintain and replace refrigerant in the European Union region, saves electric energy of a dual-fuel ship, and plays a role in energy saving and emission reduction.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to an ammonia dual-fuel ship air conditioning refrigeration system, method and ship. BACKGROUND

[0002] The ammonia dual-fuel ship adopts a dual-fuel main engine that burns zero-carbon ammonia to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other emissions of the shipping industry. The refrigeration of the air conditioning system of the ammonia dual-fuel ship is basically direct evaporation refrigeration using a refrigerant with a GWP value greater than 1300 and less than 2000, such as R-134A, R-407C and R-407F.

[0003] At the present stage, the temperature of the ammonia fuel entering the combustion cylinder of all types of ammonia dual-fuel main engines is required to be 25℃-45℃, so the low-temperature stored ammonia fuel needs to be warmed up before entering the main engine. The cold energy released during the warming process can be recovered, but the direct evaporation refrigeration system cannot utilize the cold energy released during the warming of the ammonia fuel, resulting in the air conditioning system still needing to convert electrical energy into cold energy, which is not cost-effective for ship operation.

[0004] The EU's effective regulation, REGULATION (EU) No 517 / 2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No 842 / 2006, limits the GWP value of refrigerants: "The types of refrigerants sold in the EU market: It is stipulated that after January 1, 2022, the use of refrigerants with a GWP value of more than 150 is prohibited for the repair and maintenance of refrigeration equipment". That is, after January 1, 2022, refrigerants with a GWP value greater than 150, such as R-134A, R-407C and R-407F, will not be available for purchase within the EU. This will bring certain difficulties to the repair and replacement of refrigerants for ships in the EU region, and even cause the problem of air conditioning system not being able to refrigerate, thereby affecting the operation of the ship. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides an ammonia dual-fuel ship air conditioning refrigeration system, method and ship, which recovers and utilizes the cold energy of low-temperature stored ammonia fuel, solves the problem of difficulty in repairing and replacing refrigerants for ships in the EU region, and saves electrical energy for dual-fuel ships, thereby achieving the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.

[0006] The application aims to realize the above-mentioned technical scheme, and provides an ammonia dual-fuel ship air conditioning refrigeration system.

[0007] The air conditioning water chiller system, the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system, the air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank and the air conditioner are connected through a circulating pipeline and corresponding valves.

[0008] The air conditioning water chiller system and the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system are arranged in an ammonia fuel supply room, and the air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank and the air conditioner are arranged in a driver's cabin.

[0009] An air conditioning refrigerant water circulating pump is arranged on the circulating pipeline in the ammonia fuel supply room.

[0010] Preferably, the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system comprises a liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger and corresponding pipeline components, the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger is connected in parallel through a branch on the circulating pipeline after the outlet of the air conditioning refrigerant water circulating pump, an on-off control valve is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger, a temperature sensor is arranged on the outlet pipeline, and an on-off control valve is arranged on the circulating pipeline between the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger.

[0011] Preferably, the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger is connected with an external liquid ammonia source through an input pipeline and an output pipeline, on-off control valves are arranged on the input pipeline and the output pipeline, and a temperature sensor is arranged before the control valve of the input pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, the air conditioning water chiller system comprises an air conditioning water chiller and corresponding pipeline components, the air conditioning water chiller is connected in parallel through a branch on the circulating pipeline after the outlet of the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system, an on-off control valve is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the air conditioning water chiller, and an on-off control valve is arranged on the circulating pipeline between the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline of the air conditioning water chiller.

[0013] Preferably, the air conditioning water chiller adopts a refrigerant with a GWP value less than 150.

[0014] Preferably, the outlet pipeline of the air conditioner is connected with the inlet pipeline of the air conditioning refrigerant water circulating pump, the inlet pipeline of the air conditioner is connected with the pipeline after the outlet of the air conditioning water chiller, and the air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank is connected with the inlet pipeline of the air conditioning refrigerant water circulating pump.

[0015] Preferably, the air conditioner is arranged in a driver's cabin independent air conditioning ventilation place, and at least comprises a cabinet type air conditioner and a central air conditioner.

[0016] Preferably, the air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank is provided with a ventilation pipe extending out of the driver's cabin.

[0017] The application provides an ammonia dual-fuel ship air conditioning and refrigeration system and a method for refrigeration using the air conditioning and refrigeration system.

[0018] Step 1: when the refrigeration system is started, disconnect the air conditioning water chiller system from the circulating pipeline, and connect the circulating pipeline with the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system.

[0019] Step 2: the refrigerant water is circulated in the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system, the air conditioner and the circulating pipeline to perform refrigeration; when the temperature at the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system outlet is greater than a set threshold, disconnect the circulating water pipeline from the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system, connect the air conditioning water chiller system with the circulating pipeline, and the refrigerant water is circulated in the air conditioning water chiller system, the air conditioner and the circulating pipeline to perform refrigeration.

[0020] The application further provides an ammonia dual-fuel ship provided with the air conditioning and refrigeration system.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:

[0022] The application provides an ammonia dual-fuel ship air conditioning and refrigeration system, method and ship, by changing the refrigeration system of the indirect water chiller, and setting the ammonia fuel cold energy recovery device and the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system, the power consumption of the air conditioning and refrigeration system is saved, and the operation cost is reduced. The application uses the refrigerant R-1234yf with a GWP value of 4, which can avoid the problem that the ship cannot purchase the refrigerant with a GWP value of more than 150 in the European Union region for repairing the refrigeration equipment, and further cannot use the catering refrigeration refrigeration system. On the other hand, the influence of the ship refrigerant on the greenhouse effect is also avoided, and the carbon emission of the ship is indirectly reduced, which can be considered as a "green refrigerant".

[0023] Due to the flammability of the refrigerant R-1234yf with a GWP value of 4, safety measures (hazardous gas detection, fixed fire extinguishing system, forced ventilation system) need to be set, the application arranges the water chiller in the ammonia fuel supply system equipment room, which can share the safety measures set for the ammonia fuel supply equipment, meets the requirement of setting safety protection measures to prevent fire and other dangerous accidents caused by leakage of the flammable refrigerant R-1234yf. Finally, the cost of the safety measures required by the refrigerant R-1234yf is saved, and the cost of the equipment using the ultra-low GWP value refrigerant is greatly reduced.

[0024] In the application, the cold energy recovery can reduce the ship operation cost, and the use of the "green refrigerant" allows the ship to freely replace the refrigerant in the European Union region without affecting the normal operation.

[0025] The application solves the problem of low-temperature storage of ammonia fuel cold energy recycling, saves the electric energy of the dual-fuel ship, and plays a role in energy saving and emission reduction.

[0026] The application also solves the problem that the refrigerant type GWP value to be less than 150 during maintenance and replacement of the ship in the European Union region. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The application is an air conditioning refrigeration system composition diagram of the ammonia dual-fuel ship in the embodiment.

[0028] In the figure, 1 is an air conditioning chiller unit; 2 is an air conditioning refrigerant water circulating pump; 3 is a liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger; 4 is an air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank; 5 is a first pneumatic two-way stop valve; 6 is a first pneumatic two-way regulating valve; 7 is a second pneumatic two-way stop valve; 8 is a first temperature sensor; 9 is a third pneumatic two-way stop valve; 10 is a second temperature sensor; 11 is a fourth pneumatic two-way stop valve; 12 is a fifth pneumatic two-way stop valve; 13 is a sixth pneumatic two-way stop valve; 14 is a third temperature sensor; 15 is a cabinet air conditioner; 16 is a first electric three-way regulating valve; 17 is a second electric three-way regulating valve; and 18 is a central air conditioner. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the application, and not to limit the application. In addition, it should be noted that, in order to facilitate description, only the parts related to the application are shown in the drawings, not all structures.

[0030] The technical scheme of the application provides an ammonia dual-fuel ship air conditioning refrigeration system, which comprises an air conditioning chiller unit system, a liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system, an air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank 4, and an air conditioner.

[0031] The air conditioning chiller unit system, the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system, the air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank 4, and the air conditioner are connected through circulating pipelines and corresponding valves.

[0032] Among them, the air conditioning chiller unit system and the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system are arranged in the ammonia fuel supply room, and the air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank 4 and the air conditioner are arranged inside the driver's cabin.

[0033] The circulating pipeline in the ammonia fuel supply room is provided with an air conditioning refrigerant water circulating pump 2.

[0034] As Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a liquid ammonia cooling capacity recovery heat exchange system is provided. This system includes a liquid ammonia cooling capacity recovery heat exchanger 3 and corresponding piping components. The liquid ammonia cooling capacity recovery heat exchanger 3 is connected in parallel to the circulation pipeline after the outlet of the air conditioning refrigerant water circulation pump 2 via a branch. A first pneumatic two-way shut-off valve 5 is installed on the inlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia cooling capacity recovery heat exchanger 3, and a second temperature sensor 10 is installed on the outlet pipeline. A second pneumatic two-way shut-off valve 7 is installed on the circulation pipeline located between the inlet and outlet pipelines of the liquid ammonia cooling capacity recovery heat exchanger 3. The liquid ammonia cooling capacity recovery heat exchanger 3 is connected to an external liquid ammonia source via an input pipeline and an output pipeline. A fourth pneumatic two-way shut-off valve 11 is installed on the input pipeline, and a first pneumatic two-way regulating valve 6 and a third pneumatic two-way shut-off valve 9 are installed on the output pipeline. A first temperature sensor 8 is also installed before the control valve of the input pipeline.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, an air conditioning chiller system is provided, including an air conditioning chiller 1 and corresponding piping components. The air conditioning chiller 1 is connected in parallel via a branch to the circulation pipeline after the outlet of the liquid ammonia cooling capacity recovery heat exchange system. A fifth pneumatic two-way shut-off valve 12 is installed on the inlet pipeline of the air conditioning chiller 1, a sixth pneumatic two-way shut-off valve 13 is installed on the circulation pipeline located between the inlet and outlet pipelines of the air conditioning chiller 1, and a third temperature sensor 14 is installed on the circulation pipeline after the outlet pipeline of the air conditioning chiller 1. In this embodiment, the air conditioning chiller uses a refrigerant with a GWP value of less than 150.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the outlet pipe of the air conditioner is connected to the inlet pipe of the air conditioning refrigerant water circulating pump 2, and the inlet pipe of the air conditioner is connected to the pipe after the outlet of the air conditioning chiller unit 1; the air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank 4 is connected to the inlet pipe of the air conditioning refrigerant water circulating pump 2. In this embodiment, the air conditioner is installed in the independent air conditioning ventilation area of ​​the driver's cab, including at least a cabinet air conditioner 15 and a central air conditioner 18. A first electric three-way regulating valve 16 and a second electric three-way regulating valve 17 are respectively installed on the outlet pipe of the air conditioner. A vent pipe extending out of the driver's cab is provided on the air conditioning refrigerant water expansion tank 4, which extends to the open area.

[0037] In addition to providing an ammonia dual-fuel ship air conditioning refrigeration system, this invention further provides a method for refrigeration using the above-mentioned air conditioning refrigeration system, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0038] Step 1: When starting the refrigeration system, disconnect the air conditioning chiller system from the circulation pipeline and connect the circulation pipeline to the liquid ammonia cooling capacity recovery heat exchange system.

[0039] Step 2, the refrigerant water is circulated in the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system, the air conditioner and the circulation pipeline to carry out refrigeration; when the temperature at the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system outlet is greater than the set threshold, the circulation water pipeline is disconnected from the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system, the air conditioner cold water unit system is connected with the circulation pipeline, and the refrigerant water is circulated in the air conditioner cold water unit system, the air conditioner and the circulation pipeline to carry out refrigeration.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present application, the ammonia dual-fuel ship air conditioning refrigeration system is composed as shown in Figure 1 The method for carrying out refrigeration by using the above system is specifically as follows:

[0041] When the system starts to start: the first pneumatic two-way stop valve 5 and the sixth pneumatic two-way stop valve 13 are opened; the second pneumatic two-way stop valve and the fifth pneumatic two-way stop valve 12 are closed; the air conditioner cold water unit 1 is closed, the air conditioner refrigerant water circulation pump 2 is started, and then the third pneumatic two-way stop valve and the fourth pneumatic two-way stop valve 11 are opened.

[0042] In the embodiment, the system operation process is as follows: air conditioner refrigerant water circulation: the air conditioner refrigerant water is heat-exchanged in the central air conditioner 18 and the cabin air conditioner 15, and then is pumped back to the ammonia fuel supply system equipment room by the air conditioner refrigerant water circulation pump 2. The pumped back air conditioner refrigerant water is pressurized by the air conditioner refrigerant water circulation pump 2, enters the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger 3 to be heat-exchanged with the liquid ammonia through the first pneumatic two-way stop valve 5, and then is cooled. The cooled air conditioner refrigerant water enters the air conditioner refrigerant water circulation pipeline after passing through the second temperature sensor 10, and then continues to flow through the sixth pneumatic two-way stop valve 13, the third temperature sensor 14, the central air conditioner 18, the cabin air conditioner 15 and the air conditioner wind in the main pipeline to be heat-exchanged, and is combined to the air conditioner refrigerant water main pipeline to be pumped back to the ammonia fuel supply system equipment room through the first electric three-way regulating valve 16 and the second electric three-way regulating valve 17. Before the air conditioner refrigerant water is pumped back to the ammonia fuel supply system equipment room by the air conditioner refrigerant water circulation pump 2, the air conditioner refrigerant water flows through the interface of the air conditioner refrigerant water expansion tank 4 to release the gas (if any) in the air conditioner refrigerant water to the expansion tank, and then to the atmosphere.

[0043] Wherein:

[0044] i) The pneumatic first pneumatic two-way regulating valve 6 adjusts the flow of the liquid ammonia flowing through the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger 3 according to the signal fed back by the second temperature sensor 10, so as to control the temperature of the air conditioner refrigerant water after passing through the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger 3 to be stable at the design temperature 6℃.

[0045] ii) When the temperature measured by the second temperature sensor 10 is higher than 6℃, then the fifth pneumatic two-way stop valve 12 is opened, the sixth pneumatic two-way stop valve 13 is closed, the air conditioning water chiller 1 is started, and the refrigerating capacity of the air conditioning water chiller is adjusted through the feedback signal of the third temperature sensor 14 to refrigerate the air conditioning refrigerant water to 6℃ and maintain the temperature.

[0046] iii) When the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor 8 is higher than -5℃, then the third pneumatic two-way stop valve 9 and the fourth pneumatic two-way stop valve 11 are closed, the second pneumatic two-way stop valve and the fifth pneumatic two-way stop valve 12 are opened, the first pneumatic two-way stop valve 5 and the sixth pneumatic two-way stop valve 13 are closed, the air conditioning water chiller 1 is started, and the refrigerating capacity of the air conditioning water chiller is adjusted through the feedback signal of the third temperature sensor 14 to refrigerate the air conditioning refrigerant water in the main pipeline to 6℃ and maintain the temperature.

[0047] In the embodiment, the air conditioning refrigerant water is preferentially recovered from liquid ammonia (temperature about -33℃) through the liquid ammonia cold recovery heat exchanger; when the recovered cold from the liquid ammonia (temperature about -33℃) is insufficient, then the air conditioning water chiller is started to supplement the cold to the air conditioning refrigerant water.

[0048] Wherein:

[0049] (1) The temperature of the air conditioning refrigerant water (15% ethylene glycol solution as refrigerant): the supply water temperature is 6℃, the return water temperature is 12℃, and the air conditioning refrigerant water system maintains the constant working condition of the supply water temperature of 6℃.

[0050] (2) The air conditioning water chiller 1 uses the refrigerant R-1234yf for refrigeration, and the fresh water is condensed.

[0051] (3) The central air conditioner 18 uses the cabin steam or cabin hot water for heating.

[0052] (4) In order to meet the sales limitation requirement of the European Union that the GWP value of the refrigerant is not more than 150, the air conditioning water chiller uses the refrigerant R-1234yf (GWP value is 4; flammable). In order to avoid the fire and other dangerous accidents caused by the leakage of the flammable refrigerant R-1234yf, the cold water chiller where the refrigerant is arranged is arranged in the ammonia fuel supply system equipment room, and shares the safety protection measures with the ammonia fuel supply equipment.

[0053] The application solves the problem of low-temperature storage of ammonia fuel cold recovery and utilization, saves the electric energy of the dual-fuel ship, and plays a role in energy saving and emission reduction. The application solves the problem of the GWP value of the refrigerant type to be less than 150 when the ship is maintained and replaced in the European Union region.

[0054] The technical scheme of the application further provides an ammonia dual-fuel ship provided with the air conditioning refrigeration system of the ammonia dual-fuel ship.

[0055] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as falling within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An ammonia dual-fuel marine air conditioning and refrigeration system, characterized by: The system comprises an air conditioner water chiller system, a liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system, an air conditioner refrigerant water expansion tank (4) and an air conditioner; The air conditioner water chiller system, the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system, the air conditioner refrigerant water expansion tank (4) and the air conditioner are connected through a circulating pipeline and corresponding valves; The air conditioner water chiller system and the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system are arranged in an ammonia fuel supply room, and the air conditioner refrigerant water expansion tank (4) and the air conditioner are arranged in a cab. An air conditioner refrigerant water circulating pump (2) is arranged on the circulating pipeline in the ammonia fuel supply room. The liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system comprises a liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger (3) and corresponding pipeline components.

2. An ammonia dual-fuel marine air conditioning and refrigeration system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger (3) is connected in parallel through a branch pipeline to the circulating pipeline after the outlet of the air conditioner refrigerant water circulating pump (2).

3. An ammonia dual-fuel marine air conditioning and refrigeration system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: An on-off control valve is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger (3), and a temperature sensor is arranged on the outlet pipeline.

4. An ammonia dual-fuel marine air conditioning and refrigeration system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: An on-off control valve is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the air conditioner water chiller (1), and an on-off control valve is arranged on the circulating pipeline between the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline of the air conditioner water chiller (1).

5. An ammonia dual-fuel marine air conditioning and refrigeration system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The air conditioner water chiller adopts a refrigerant with a GWP value less than 150.

6. An ammonia-diesel dual-fuel marine air conditioning and refrigeration system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The outlet pipeline of the air conditioner is communicated with the inlet pipeline of the air conditioner refrigerant water circulating pump (2), and the inlet pipeline of the air conditioner is communicated with the pipeline after the outlet of the air conditioner water chiller (1).

7. An ammonia dual-fuel marine air conditioning and refrigeration system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The air conditioner is arranged in a separate air conditioner ventilation place in the cab and comprises at least a cabinet air conditioner (15) and a central air conditioner (18).

8. An ammonia dual-fuel marine air conditioning refrigeration method, characterized by: An air-permeable pipe extending out of the cab is arranged on the air conditioner refrigerant water expansion tank (4). The air conditioner refrigeration system is used for refrigeration, and the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: when the refrigeration system is started, disconnect the air conditioner water chiller system from the circulating pipeline, and connect the circulating pipeline with the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchanger system. Step 2, the refrigerant water circulates in the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system, the air conditioner and the circulating pipeline to carry out refrigeration; when the temperature at the water outlet of the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system is greater than a set threshold, the connection between the circulating water pipeline and the liquid ammonia cold energy recovery heat exchange system is disconnected, the air conditioning cold water chiller system is connected with the circulating pipeline, and the refrigerant water circulates in the air conditioning cold water chiller system, the air conditioner and the circulating pipeline to carry out refrigeration.

9. An ammonia dual-fuelled ship, characterized by: The ammonia dual-fuel ship is provided with the air conditioning refrigeration system according to any one of claims 1-7.

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