Horizontal solid hydrogen storage system

Abstract

The application discloses a horizontal solid hydrogen storage system, which comprises a conical hydrogen storage cylinder, the left end of which is fixedly connected with a left end plate, and the right end of which is fixedly connected with a right end plate, more than two shrink rings are arranged on the cylinder wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the left end plate and the right end plate are composed of a center plate, an expansion ring and a fixed sealing ring, and are respectively sealedly connected with the two ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder through the fixed sealing rings; a heat exchange medium distribution and collection box is arranged on the left side of the center plate of the left end plate, the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box is divided into a heat exchange medium inlet box and a heat exchange medium outlet box which are symmetrical in upper and lower sides by a partition plate, U-shaped heat exchange pipes which are suspended in the hydrogen storage cylinder and are right end overhanging are symmetrically arranged on the corresponding center plates of the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box, the U-shaped heat exchange pipes are embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material, and the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box are communicated through the U-shaped heat exchange pipes. The application simultaneously solves the problems of heat and volume compensation in the hydrogen charging and discharging process, and improves the reliability of the device.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and particularly relates to a horizontal solid hydrogen storage system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen is considered as one of the most clean and efficient energy because it does not release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide during combustion and has high combustion heat. The use of hydrogen cannot be separated from the storage of hydrogen. At present, hydrogen storage generally has three ways of gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage. Solid hydrogen storage is to store hydrogen in solid hydrogen storage alloy materials (such as rare earth compounds (LaNi5) and the like) lattice, and to realize the physical reversible hydrogenation and dehydrogenation process by changing the temperature and pressure under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Compared with gaseous hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage, the solid hydrogen storage process does not need to consume too much energy, has the advantages of larger volume hydrogen storage density, safety, efficiency, stable dehydrogenation rate and the like, and has become a promising hydrogen storage technology.

[0003] Because the solid hydrogen storage material usually expands in volume when absorbing hydrogen, shrinks in volume when releasing hydrogen, in addition, releases a large amount of heat when absorbing hydrogen, needs to supplement a large amount of heat when releasing hydrogen, and the temperature has a great influence on the hydrogen absorption and release rate of the hydrogen storage material, therefore, in order to ensure the long-term use of the hydrogen storage material and the rapid and efficient hydrogen absorption and release, the changes of heat and volume during the hydrogen absorption and release process must be handled well, and a hydrogen storage device with high efficient heat exchange performance and volume compensation must be designed. Otherwise, the hydrogen absorption and release efficiency of the solid hydrogen storage will be reduced, and with the hydrogen charging and discharging cycle, the expansion and extrusion of the solid hydrogen storage alloy material will cause the lattice to deform, and its capacity will rapidly decay. In addition, the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material causes the storage shell to bear a large stress, and there is a risk of bulging and rupture. Solving the problems of heat absorption and release and volume change during the hydrogen absorption and release process of the solid hydrogen storage is the key to ensuring a high hydrogen absorption and release rate, and also directly affects the cost and safety of the hydrogen storage device.

[0004] Patent CN117307953A discloses a hydrogen storage and release device convenient for replacing hydrogen storage material. After the hydrogen charging and discharging capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy decays, new hydrogen storage alloy is poured into the device through the jacket inlet to replace the original hydrogen storage alloy without moving the whole device, which is convenient to operate and low in cost. However, the volume expansion of the hydrogen storage alloy during the hydrogen charging and discharging process is poor, and the capacity of the solid hydrogen storage material may rapidly decay; patent CN103883874B discloses a hydrogen storage tank with an external heat exchange structure, which has simple structure, easy manufacturing and processing, low cost, excellent heat exchange effect and excellent dehydrogenation performance. However, the hydrogen storage tank only has heat exchange effect and cannot absorb the volume expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen absorption and release process, so it cannot solve the problems of volume expansion and heat release at the same time, and the tank body has a risk of bulging and rupture. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems of poor absorption effect of volume expansion in the process of hydrogen charging and discharging, and unable to solve the problems of volume expansion and heat release simultaneously, the present application provides a horizontal solid hydrogen storage system, which solves the problems of volume expansion and heat release in the process of solid hydrogen storage.

[0006] The present application provides a horizontal solid hydrogen storage system, which comprises a horizontal hydrogen storage cylinder, the hydrogen storage cylinder is a conical cylinder with a small left end and a large right end, the left end is fixedly connected with a left end plate, and the right end is fixedly connected with a right end plate, a plurality of more than two corrugated shrink rings are uniformly arranged on the cylinder wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the length direction of the shrink rings extends along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage cylinder and is equal in length to the hydrogen storage cylinder; the left end plate and the right end plate are both circular plates and are composed of three parts, from the center outward, they are a circular flat center plate, an annular expansion ring and an annular fixed sealing ring, the left end plate and the right end plate are respectively sealed and connected with the two ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder through the fixed sealing rings thereof; the hydrogen storage cylinder is filled with solid hydrogen storage material;

[0007] A heat exchange medium distribution and collection box is arranged on the left side of the center plate of the left end plate, a partition plate is arranged in the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box along the diameter direction of the center plate of the left end plate, the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box is divided into a heat exchange medium inlet box and a heat exchange medium outlet box which are symmetrical to each other by the partition plate, a U-shaped heat exchange pipe which is suspended in the hydrogen storage cylinder is arranged on the center plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box which are respectively symmetrical to each other, the U-shaped heat exchange pipe is embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material, and the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box are connected in communication through the U-shaped heat exchange pipe; the hydrogen storage cylinder is not connected with the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box, a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe is arranged at the upper left end of the hydrogen storage cylinder, a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe is arranged at the lower right end of the hydrogen storage cylinder, and a hydrogen gas inlet and a hydrogen gas outlet are arranged on the cylinder wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder;

[0008] The heat exchange medium inlet box is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet, and the heat exchange medium outlet box is provided with a heat exchange medium outlet, the heat exchange medium inlet, the heat exchange medium inlet box, the U-shaped heat exchange pipe, the heat exchange medium outlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet form a closed and communicated cavity, and the heat exchange medium takes away or supplements heat from or to the solid hydrogen storage material filled in the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0009] The fixed sealing ring is any form of connecting piece for realizing the fixed sealing connection of the left end plate and the right end plate with the two ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0010] The fixed sealing ring can be an annular arc-shaped ring with an arc-shaped cross section, the end shape of the arc of the arc-shaped ring is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the radius of the arc of the arc-shaped ring is greater than 10% of the radius of the hydrogen storage cylinder, and the left end plate and the right end plate are respectively sealed and connected with the two ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder through the arc-shaped rings thereof, and the sealing connection can be realized by welding or bonding the end of the arc of the arc-shaped ring with the two ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0011] The fixed sealing ring can also be a circular ring-shaped flat plate with a circular ring-shaped groove, the groove has a radial width greater than the height of the shrink ring, the groove depth is preferably greater than 10 mm, the hydrogen storage cylinder end extends into the groove, and the space between the hydrogen storage cylinder end and the groove is filled with a filler to form a filler seal. When the hydrogen storage cylinder expands in diameter due to the absorption of hydrogen by the solid hydrogen storage material, the filler seal is compressed more tightly during the expansion of the hydrogen storage cylinder, resulting in a better sealing effect and a self-tightening effect. The compression and rebound of the filler seal in the radial direction of the hydrogen storage cylinder should be at least 1.1 times the expansion amount of the hydrogen storage cylinder diameter. During the expansion and contraction of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the filler seal should ensure close contact with the hydrogen storage cylinder end, and the hydrogen gas and solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder should not leak.

[0012] The U-shaped heat exchange pipes are arranged in a circular, equilateral triangular, or square shape on the cross section of the hydrogen storage cylinder to ensure that the heat in the hydrogen storage cylinder can be evenly removed or supplemented. The U-shaped heat exchange pipes are preferably circular pipes with an outer diameter of 19-80 mm. When the U-shaped heat exchange pipes are arranged in a circular shape, the spacing between the U-shaped heat exchange pipes in the circumferential direction is preferably 30-100 mm, and the spacing in the radial direction is preferably 40-150 mm. When the U-shaped heat exchange pipes are arranged in an equilateral triangular shape, the side length of the equilateral triangle is preferably 25-150 mm. When the U-shaped heat exchange pipes are arranged in a square shape, the side length of the square is preferably 30-150 mm.

[0013] The hydrogen inlet and hydrogen outlet are respectively the channels for hydrogen entering and leaving the hydrogen storage cylinder. Of course, the hydrogen inlet and hydrogen outlet can be combined into one, and only one hydrogen inlet and outlet is provided, which serves as both the hydrogen inlet and outlet. When the hydrogen inlet or hydrogen outlet is below the hydrogen storage cylinder axis, a support mesh such as a wire mesh or a slotted screen is provided in the hydrogen inlet or hydrogen outlet to prevent the solid hydrogen storage material from entering the hydrogen inlet or hydrogen outlet under the action of gravity. The wire mesh is preferably multi-layered to enhance the support effect on the solid hydrogen storage material. The gap of the wire mesh or slotted screen is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material, preferably 30-50% of the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0014] When loading the solid hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe is closed and the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe is opened. The hydrogen storage material enters the hydrogen storage cylinder from the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe under the action of gravity and is stored in the hydrogen storage cylinder. When the hydrogen storage material needs to be replaced due to its life attenuation, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe is opened, and the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder exits the hydrogen storage system from the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe under the action of gravity. The hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe are preferably cylindrical with a diameter of 50-400 mm.

[0015] According to different needs of hydrogen charging and discharging, when hydrogen is charged, the low-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet, enters the U-shaped heat exchange tube through the distribution of the heat exchange medium inlet box, absorbs the heat released from the hydrogen storage cylinder due to the absorption of hydrogen by the solid hydrogen storage material, and then converges to the heat exchange medium outlet box, and leaves the hydrogen storage system through the heat exchange medium outlet. The temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material is reduced; when hydrogen needs to be released from the solid hydrogen storage material, the high-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet, enters the U-shaped heat exchange tube through the distribution of the heat exchange medium inlet box, provides heat to the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder, so that the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs heat and releases hydrogen, and the heat exchange medium after releasing heat converges to the heat exchange medium outlet box, and leaves the hydrogen storage system through the heat exchange medium outlet. The heat exchange medium withdraws heat from the hydrogen storage system or supplements heat to the hydrogen storage system, so that the hydrogen absorption and release process can be carried out at a high rate. The heat exchange medium can be selected from water, nitrogen, air and other fluids.

[0016] When the hydrogen storage cylinder needs to increase in diameter due to the volume expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material, the expansion ring and the contraction ring will stretch to increase the diameter of the hydrogen storage cylinder; when the hydrogen storage cylinder no longer expands due to the volume reduction of the hydrogen storage material, the expansion ring and the contraction ring will retract to reduce the diameter of the hydrogen storage cylinder. The expansion ring and the contraction ring adapt to the volume change of the solid hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen charging and discharging process by stretching and retracting. When the expansion ring and the contraction ring are made of a single layer, a spring alloy is preferably used to make the expansion ring and the contraction ring have good resilience. The spring alloy can be a copper-based high-elasticity alloy, an iron-based high-elasticity alloy, a nickel-based high-elasticity alloy, etc. By virtue of its low elastic modulus and high elastic limit, the expansion ring and the contraction ring have high resilience. When the expansion ring and the contraction ring are made of multiple layers by stamping and compounding, the pressure bearing layer and the resilience layer can be arranged separately, and the pressure bearing layer can bear the pressure of the hydrogen storage system, and the resilience layer can provide resilience. The resilience layer is preferably made of a spring alloy layer. In summary, the purpose is to make the expansion ring and the contraction ring have small rigidity, can be easily deformed, and have certain resilience.

[0017] In order to better add and discharge the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder, the large end diameter of the hydrogen storage cylinder is preferably 1.2 to 2 times the small end diameter. The small end of the conical cylinder is connected to the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, and the large end is connected to the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, so that the solid hydrogen storage material flows to the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe under the action of gravity along the inclined cylinder wall.

[0018] As a preferred solution, to ensure that the solid hydrogen storage material is filled in the expandable hydrogen storage cylinder, and to avoid the solid hydrogen storage material from being blocked in the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe due to hydrogen expansion, a hydrogen storage material outlet plug can be arranged in the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe. The hydrogen storage material outlet plug is composed of a baffle, a packing seal, a blocking cylinder, a handle and a mounting ring. The blocking cylinder is a cylinder with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, generally 4-10 mm smaller. One end of the blocking cylinder is closed by the baffle, and the other end is open. The baffle is inserted into the inside of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to prevent the solid hydrogen storage material from entering the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe during non-discharge. The baffle is consistent with the shape of the bottom of the hydrogen storage cylinder. A handle is arranged at the open end, which can be a round steel or an angle steel, etc. to facilitate the installation and removal of the hydrogen storage material outlet plug. The gap between the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet plug is filled with a packing seal such as a ceramic fiber rope to prevent the solid hydrogen storage material from entering the gap. The diameter of the ceramic fiber rope is preferably 5-11 mm. To ensure that the hydrogen storage material outlet plug is fixed inside the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, a mounting ring is arranged at the end of the open end. The mounting ring is a circular ring that is sleeved outside the blocking cylinder. A circular hole is opened on the mounting ring, and a threaded hole is opened on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe at the same position to fix the mounting ring on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe with a screw.

[0019] As a preferred solution, to avoid the problems such as hardening or poor flowability of the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder, which may cause difficulty in discharge, a loosening air inlet can be arranged on the right lower side wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder. During the discharge of the solid hydrogen storage material, high-pressure nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other inert gases are introduced to make the solid hydrogen storage material discharge more smoothly.

[0020] When filling the solid hydrogen storage material into the hydrogen storage system, open the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and close the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to fill the solid hydrogen storage material into the hydrogen storage cylinder. During the hydrogen charging and discharging process, keep the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe closed. When discharging the solid hydrogen storage material from the hydrogen storage system, open the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to discharge the solid hydrogen storage material from the hydrogen storage cylinder. When discharging the solid hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe can also be opened as a ventilation port. The purpose of opening the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe is to maintain the pressure balance in the hydrogen storage cylinder, prevent the formation of negative pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder when the solid hydrogen storage material is rapidly discharged, and make it difficult to discharge the solid hydrogen storage material, or the negative pressure can cause the hydrogen storage cylinder to be crushed. If the solid hydrogen storage material has poor flowability due to hardening, extrusion or other reasons and cannot be discharged, the loosening air inlet can be opened and inert gases such as nitrogen can be introduced to loosen the solid hydrogen storage material, so that the solid hydrogen storage material can be discharged more smoothly from the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0021] The horizontal solid hydrogen storage system is opened when hydrogen is filled, the hydrogen inlet is closed, a closed cavity is formed in the hydrogen storage cylinder, hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage cylinder from the hydrogen inlet, hydrogen is stored in the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder under the action of pressure, the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material increases during the hydrogen filling process, the contraction ring and the expansion ring are stretched, the volume of the hydrogen storage cylinder increases, the increase of the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material is compensated, and the risk of bulging of the hydrogen storage cylinder is avoided. During the hydrogen filling process, the solid hydrogen storage material releases heat, when the heat released during the hydrogen filling reaches a certain degree, the temperature in the hydrogen storage cylinder rises, at this time, the low-temperature medium is input into the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet, then enters the U-shaped heat exchange pipe from the heat exchange medium inlet box, absorbs the heat released during the hydrogen filling process through the U-shaped heat exchange pipe, the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material is reduced, the temperature of the low-temperature medium is increased, and the low-temperature medium is collected into the heat exchange medium outlet box through the U-shaped heat exchange pipe, and then leaves the hydrogen storage system through the heat exchange medium outlet.

[0022] During the hydrogen release, the hydrogen outlet is opened and the hydrogen inlet is closed, a closed cavity that cannot enter and can only exit is formed in the hydrogen storage cylinder, hydrogen is released from the solid hydrogen storage material and then leaves the hydrogen storage system through the hydrogen outlet, and is used by downstream devices or external equipment. After the solid hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen, the volume decreases, the expansion ring and the contraction ring retract, and the initial state is restored under the resilience effect, so that the hydrogen storage cylinder returns to the state before hydrogen filling. Since the solid hydrogen storage material needs to absorb heat to release the hydrogen stored inside, at this time, the high-temperature heat transfer medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box through the heat exchange medium inlet, then enters the U-shaped heat exchange pipe from the heat exchange medium inlet box, inputs heat into the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder through the U-shaped heat exchange pipe, so that the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs heat and releases hydrogen, and the high-temperature heat transfer medium releases heat and then collects into the heat exchange medium outlet box through the heat exchange medium outlet and then leaves the solid hydrogen storage system.

[0023] The same medium can be used during the hydrogen filling and hydrogen releasing processes, and a heater or a cooler is arranged outside to cool the heat transfer medium during the hydrogen filling process and to heat the heat transfer medium during the hydrogen releasing process, so that the heat transfer medium can be recycled.

[0024] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1) By storing hydrogen in solid hydrogen storage material, high pressure or low temperature is not required, and a large amount of energy is not consumed during the hydrogen storage process, so that the hydrogen storage process is safe, efficient and stable in hydrogen release rate.

[0026] 2) By setting the expansion ring, shrink ring and other expansion elements and heat conducting element U-shaped heat exchange pipe, the volume and heat compensation problems in the process of hydrogen charging and discharging are solved, so that the hydrogen charging and discharging is carried out at a high speed; the expansion element makes the solid hydrogen storage alloy material expand and extrude each other less, the internal crystal lattice of the solid hydrogen storage alloy material can still maintain a good form after more hydrogen charging and discharging cycles, the hydrogen storage capacity decays more slowly, and the service life of the solid hydrogen storage material is longer;

[0027] 3) By the expansion element, the stress applied to the hydrogen storage cylinder caused by the volume expansion is greatly reduced, the risks such as bulging and rupture of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder are avoided, the safety and reliability of the solid hydrogen storage are improved, and the cost of the solid hydrogen storage is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the horizontal solid hydrogen storage system of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a structural schematic view of the left end plate in the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a structural schematic view of the shrink ring provided on the cylinder wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder in the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 is a sealing connection schematic view when the fixed sealing ring is a circular ring-shaped flat plate;

[0032] Figure 5 is Figure 1 a structural schematic view of the hydrogen storage material outlet plug in the present application.

[0033] In the figure: 1-hydrogen storage cylinder, 2-solid hydrogen storage material, 3-hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, 4-circular ring-shaped arc ring, 5-expansion ring, 6-center plate, 7-heat exchange medium inlet, 8-heat exchange medium inlet box, 9-heat exchange medium outlet, 10-heat exchange medium outlet box, 11-separation plate, 12-U-shaped heat exchange pipe, 13-hydrogen inlet, 14-wire mesh, 15-loose air inlet, 16-hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, 17-hydrogen storage material outlet plug, 18-center plate, 19-expansion ring, 20-circular ring-shaped arc ring, 21-wire mesh, 22-hydrogen outlet, 23-shrink ring, 24-circular ring-shaped flat plate, 25-groove, 26-stuffing seal, 27-baffle, 28-stuffing seal, 29-block cylinder, 30-handle, 31-mounting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Figures 1-3An embodiment of the horizontal solid hydrogen storage system is shown. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage system comprises a conical hydrogen storage cylinder 1 with a small left end and a large right end. The left end plate of the left end of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is composed of a center plate 6, an expansion ring 5 and a circular ring-shaped arc ring 4. The arc end of the circular ring-shaped arc ring 4 is connected to the left end of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 by welding to realize the sealed connection of the left end plate and the hydrogen storage cylinder. The right end plate of the right end of the hydrogen storage cylinder is composed of a center plate 18, an expansion ring 19 and a circular ring-shaped arc ring 20. The arc end of the circular ring-shaped arc ring 20 is connected to the right end of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 by welding to realize the sealed connection of the right end plate and the hydrogen storage cylinder 1. The hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is filled with solid hydrogen storage material 2.

[0036] The structure of the right end plate is different from the structure of the left end plate shown in Figure 2 The difference between the right end plate and the left end plate shown in the structure is that the center plate 18 of the right end plate is not provided with heat exchange facilities.

[0037] Six corrugated contraction rings 23 are uniformly arranged on the wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1. The length direction of the contraction ring 23 extends along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 and is equal in length to the hydrogen storage cylinder 1.

[0038] A heat exchange medium distribution and collection box is arranged on the left side of the center plate 6 of the left end plate. A partition plate 11 is arranged in the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box along the diameter direction of the center plate 6 of the left end plate. The partition plate 11 divides the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box into upper and lower symmetrical heat exchange medium inlet box 8 and heat exchange medium outlet box 10. The corresponding center plate of the heat exchange medium inlet box 8 and the heat exchange medium outlet box 10 is symmetrically provided with a right end U-shaped heat exchange pipe 12 suspended in the hydrogen storage cylinder 1. The U-shaped heat exchange pipe 12 is embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material 2. The heat exchange medium inlet box 8 and the heat exchange medium outlet box 12 are connected through the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 12. The hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is not connected with the heat exchange medium inlet box 8 and the heat exchange medium outlet box 12. The left upper end of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is provided with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 3. The right lower end of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is provided with a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16. The hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16 is provided with a hydrogen storage material outlet plug 17. The lower wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is provided with a hydrogen inlet 13. The hydrogen inlet 13 is provided with a wire mesh 14. The right upper wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is provided with a hydrogen outlet 22. The hydrogen outlet 22 is provided with a wire mesh 21. The right lower wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is provided with a loose air inlet 15.

[0039] The heat exchange medium inlet box 8 is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet 7. The heat exchange medium outlet box 10 is provided with a heat exchange medium outlet 9. The heat exchange medium inlet 7, the heat exchange medium inlet box 8, the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 12, the heat exchange medium outlet box 10 and the heat exchange medium outlet 9 form a closed and communicating cavity for the heat exchange medium to withdraw heat from the solid hydrogen storage material 2 filled in the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 or to supply heat to the solid hydrogen storage material 2.

[0040] Figure 4The fixed sealing ring is a circular plate. A circular groove is formed in the circular plate. The hydrogen storage cylinder is inserted into the groove. A packing seal is arranged in the groove to seal the hydrogen storage cylinder and the groove.

[0041] Figure 5 is Figure 1 The fixed sealing ring is a circular plate. A circular groove is formed in the circular plate. The hydrogen storage cylinder is inserted into the groove. A packing seal is arranged in the groove to seal the hydrogen storage cylinder and the groove.

[0042] The operation process of the application is described below in combination with the drawings.

[0043] 1) Loading and unloading of the solid hydrogen storage material

[0044] The hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16 is closed, and the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 3 is opened. The solid hydrogen storage material 2 enters the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 from the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 3 under the action of gravity and is stored in the hydrogen storage cylinder. When the solid hydrogen storage material 2 needs to be replaced due to its life attenuation, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16 is opened. The solid hydrogen storage material 2 in the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 exits the hydrogen storage system from the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16 under the action of gravity. If the solid hydrogen storage material 2 cannot be unloaded due to poor flowability caused by hardening or extrusion, a loosening air inlet 15 can be arranged at the lower right part of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1. Inert gas such as nitrogen is introduced as loosening air to loosen the solid hydrogen storage material 2, so that the solid hydrogen storage material 2 can be unloaded more smoothly from the hydrogen storage cylinder 1.

[0045] 2) Hydrogen charging of the solid hydrogen storage material

[0046] At the same time, the hydrogen outlet 22, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 3 and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16 are closed, and the hydrogen inlet 13 is opened. Hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 from the hydrogen inlet 13 and is absorbed and stored by the solid hydrogen storage material 2. During hydrogen charging, the low-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box 8 from the heat exchange medium inlet 7, enters the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 12 through the distribution action of the corresponding part of the center plate 6 of the heat exchange medium inlet box 8, absorbs the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage material 2 in the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 due to the absorption of hydrogen, and is collected into the heat exchange medium outlet box 10 through the center plate 6 of the corresponding part of the heat exchange medium outlet box 10. The heat exchange medium outlet 9 leaves the hydrogen storage system. During hydrogen charging, the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material 2 increases, causing the expansion ring 5 and the expansion ring 19 to stretch and contract along the radial direction of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1, and the contraction ring 23 to stretch along the circumferential direction of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1. The volume of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 increases, compensating for the increase in the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material 2, and the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 avoids the risk of bulging.

[0047] 3) Hydrogen release of solid hydrogen storage material

[0048] At the same time, the hydrogen inlet 13, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 3 and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16 are closed, and the hydrogen outlet 22 is opened. The high-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box 8 from the heat exchange medium inlet 7, enters the U-shaped heat exchange pipe 12 through the distribution action of the corresponding part of the center plate 6 of the heat exchange medium inlet box 8, provides heat to the solid hydrogen storage material 2 in the hydrogen storage cylinder 1, and releases hydrogen after the solid hydrogen storage material 2 absorbs the heat. The released hydrogen leaves the hydrogen storage system through the hydrogen outlet 22; the heat exchange medium after releasing heat is collected into the heat exchange medium outlet box 10 through the center plate 6 of the corresponding part of the heat exchange medium outlet box 10, and leaves the hydrogen storage system through the heat exchange medium outlet 9. The heat exchange medium can be selected from water, nitrogen, air and other fluids. After the solid hydrogen storage material 2 releases hydrogen, the volume decreases, and the expansion ring 5, the expansion ring 19 and the contraction ring 23 retract under the action of the elastic force, so that the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 recovers to the state before hydrogen charging as much as possible.

Claims

1. A horizontal solid hydrogen storage system, characterized in that: The system includes a horizontal hydrogen storage cylinder, which is a conical cylinder with a smaller left end and a larger right end. Its left end is fixedly connected to a left end plate, and its right end is fixedly connected to a right end plate. Two or more corrugated contraction rings are evenly distributed on the cylinder wall, extending along the axial direction of the cylinder and being the same length as the cylinder. Both the left and right end plates are circular plates, composed of three parts: a circular flat central plate, a circular expansion ring, and a circular sealing ring, arranged from the center outwards. The left and right end plates are sealed to both ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder through their respective sealing rings. The hydrogen storage cylinder is filled with solid hydrogen storage material. A heat exchange medium distribution and collection box is located on the left side of the center plate on the left end plate. A partition plate is installed inside the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box along the diameter direction of the center plate on the left end plate. The partition plate divides the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box into a heat exchange medium inlet box and a heat exchange medium outlet box that are symmetrically arranged on the center plates corresponding to the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box. The right end of the U-shaped heat exchange tube is suspended in the hydrogen storage cylinder. The U-shaped heat exchange tube is embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material. The heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box are connected by the U-shaped heat exchange tube. The hydrogen storage cylinder is not connected to the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box. The upper left end of the hydrogen storage cylinder is equipped with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, and the lower right end of the hydrogen storage cylinder is equipped with a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe. The cylinder wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder is equipped with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. The heat exchange medium inlet box is equipped with a heat exchange medium inlet, and the heat exchange medium outlet box is equipped with a heat exchange medium outlet. The heat exchange medium inlet, heat exchange medium inlet box, U-shaped heat exchange tube, heat exchange medium outlet box and heat exchange medium outlet form a closed and connected cavity, which allows the heat exchange medium to remove heat from the solid hydrogen storage material filled in the hydrogen storage cylinder or to replenish heat to the solid hydrogen storage material.

2. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed sealing ring is an annular arc ring with an arc-shaped cross-section. The shape of the arc end of the arc ring is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the hydrogen storage cylinder. The left end plate and the right end plate are respectively connected to the two ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder through their arc rings to form a sealed connection.

3. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed sealing ring is a circular plate with a circular groove. The radial width of the groove is greater than the height of the shrinkage ring. The end of the hydrogen storage cylinder extends into the groove, and filler is filled between the end of the hydrogen storage cylinder and the groove to form a filler seal.

4. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material is equipped with a hydrogen storage material outlet plug.

5. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage material outlet plug includes a baffle, a packing seal, a baffle cylinder and a handle; the baffle cylinder is a cylindrical tube with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, one end of the baffle cylinder is closed by a baffle, the other end of the baffle cylinder is open, the baffle end is inserted into the inside of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe when not unloading, and the baffle has the same shape as the bottom of the hydrogen storage cylinder. A handle, made of round steel or angle steel, is provided at the open end to facilitate the installation and removal of the hydrogen storage material outlet plug. A packing seal is installed between the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet plug to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the gap between them.

6. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The baffle is provided with a mounting ring at the open end. The mounting ring is a circular ring that is fitted over the baffle. A circular hole is made on the mounting ring, and a threaded hole is made at the same position on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe so that the mounting ring can be fixed to the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe with screws.

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