Horizontal solid state hydrogen storage device

Abstract

The application discloses a horizontal solid hydrogen storage device, which comprises a horizontal tank body and a conical hydrogen storage cylinder, wherein the hydrogen storage cylinder is rolled by a slitted screen; the hydrogen storage cylinder is closed and fixed on the cylinder wall of the horizontal tank body through a distribution plate and a collecting plate, the distribution plate and the collecting plate divide the horizontal tank body into a heat exchange medium inlet box, a hydrogen charging and discharging cavity and a heat exchange medium outlet box; the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box are communicated through heat exchange pipes; the hydrogen storage cylinder is filled with solid hydrogen storage materials, the heat exchange pipes are embedded in the solid hydrogen storage materials, the cylinder wall of the horizontal tank body is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet; the distribution plate and the collecting plate between the outermost heat exchange pipe in the hydrogen storage cylinder and the inner side of the hydrogen storage cylinder are provided with expansion rings, and the distribution plate and the collecting plate in the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity are also provided with expansion rings; the hydrogen storage cylinder is provided with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, and the hydrogen storage cylinder is communicated with the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity through slits; the application simultaneously solves the heat and volume compensation problems in the hydrogen charging and discharging process, and improves the reliability of the device.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and particularly relates to a horizontal solid hydrogen storage device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen is considered as one of the most clean and efficient energy because it does not release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide during combustion process and has high combustion heat value. The utilization of hydrogen is inseparable from the storage of hydrogen. At present, hydrogen storage generally has three modes of gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage. Solid hydrogen storage is to store hydrogen in a solid hydrogen storage alloy material (such as a rare earth compound (LaNi5) and the like) lattice, and to realize the physical reversible hydrogenation and dehydrogenation process by changing the temperature and pressure under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Compared with gaseous hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage, the solid hydrogen storage process does not need to consume too much energy, has the advantages of larger volume hydrogen storage density, safety, efficiency, stable dehydrogenation rate and the like, and has become a promising hydrogen storage technology.

[0003] Because the solid hydrogen storage material generally expands in volume when absorbing hydrogen and shrinks in volume when releasing hydrogen, in addition, a large amount of heat is released when absorbing hydrogen and a large amount of heat needs to be supplemented when releasing hydrogen, and the temperature has a great influence on the hydrogen absorption and release rate of the hydrogen storage material, therefore, in order to ensure the long-term use of the hydrogen storage material and the rapid and efficient hydrogen absorption and release, the changes of heat and volume during the hydrogen absorption and release process must be handled well, and a hydrogen storage device with high efficient heat exchange performance and volume compensation must be designed. Otherwise, the hydrogen absorption and release efficiency of the solid hydrogen storage will be reduced, and with the hydrogen charging and discharging cycle, the expansion and extrusion of the solid hydrogen storage alloy material will cause the lattice to deform, and its capacity will rapidly decay. In addition, the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material causes the storage shell to bear a large stress, and there is a risk of bulging and rupture. Solving the problems of heat absorption and release and volume change during the hydrogen absorption and release process of the solid hydrogen storage is the key to ensuring a high hydrogen absorption and release rate, and also directly affects the cost and safety of the hydrogen storage device.

[0004] Patent CN117307953A discloses a hydrogen storage and release device convenient for replacing hydrogen storage material. After the hydrogen charging and discharging capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy decays, new hydrogen storage alloy is poured into the device through the jacket inlet to replace the original hydrogen storage alloy without moving the whole device, which is convenient to operate and low in cost. However, the volume expansion absorption of the hydrogen storage alloy during the hydrogen charging and discharging process is poor, and the capacity of the solid hydrogen storage material may rapidly decay; patent CN103883874B discloses a hydrogen storage tank with an external heat exchange structure, which has simple structure, easy manufacturing and processing, low cost, excellent heat exchange effect and excellent dehydrogenation performance. However, the hydrogen storage tank only has heat exchange effect and cannot absorb the volume expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen absorption and release process, so it cannot solve the problems of volume expansion and heat release at the same time, and the tank body has a risk of bulging and rupture. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the poor absorption effect of volume expansion in the process of hydrogen charging and discharging, and the technical problems of being unable to simultaneously solve the volume expansion and heat release of the existing solid hydrogen storage device, the present application provides a horizontal solid hydrogen storage device, which solves the problems of volume expansion and heat release in the process of solid hydrogen storage.

[0006] The present application provides a horizontal solid hydrogen storage device, which comprises a cylindrical horizontal tank body, a hydrogen storage cylinder coaxially arranged in the horizontal tank body; the hydrogen storage cylinder is a conical cylinder with a small left end and a large right end, which is rolled from a slotted screen, and the slits of the slotted screen are along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage cylinder; the left end of the hydrogen storage cylinder is closed and fixed by a distribution plate fixed on the cylinder wall of the horizontal tank body through the outer edge, and the right end of the hydrogen storage cylinder is closed and fixed by a collection plate fixed on the cylinder wall of the horizontal tank body through the outer edge; the distribution plate and the collection plate divide the internal space of the horizontal tank body into three parts, namely a heat exchange medium inlet box on the left side, an annular hydrogen charging and discharging cavity between the outside of the hydrogen storage cylinder and the inner wall of the horizontal tank body in the middle, and a heat exchange medium outlet box on the right side; the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity is not connected with the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box, and the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box are connected through a heat exchange pipe penetrating the internal space of the hydrogen storage cylinder and fixed on the distribution plate and the collection plate; the hydrogen storage cylinder is filled with solid hydrogen storage material, the slits of the slotted screen of the hydrogen storage cylinder are wedge-shaped, which are wedge-shaped gaps, the width of the tip of the wedge-shaped gap is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen storage cylinder is connected with the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity through the slits for hydrogen to enter and exit the hydrogen storage cylinder; the heat exchange pipe is embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material, and the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are arranged on the tank wall of the horizontal tank body corresponding to the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity;

[0007] The part of the distribution plate and the part of the collection plate between the outermost heat exchange pipe in the hydrogen storage cylinder and the inner side of the hydrogen storage cylinder are provided with expansion rings, and the part of the distribution plate and the part of the collection plate located in the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity are also provided with expansion rings;

[0008] A hydrogen storage material inlet pipe is arranged on the upper part of the left end of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe penetrates the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity and the tank wall of the horizontal tank body and extends to the outside of the horizontal tank body, a sliding seal moving along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe is arranged between the outer wall of the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and the tank wall of the horizontal tank body, a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe is arranged on the lower part of the right end of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe penetrates the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity and the tank wall of the horizontal tank body and extends to the outside of the horizontal tank body, and a sliding seal moving along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe is arranged between the outer wall of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe and the tank wall of the horizontal tank body;

[0009] The heat exchange medium inlet box is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet, and the heat exchange medium outlet box is provided with a heat exchange medium outlet; the heat exchange medium inlet, the heat exchange medium inlet box, the heat exchange pipe, the heat exchange medium outlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet form a closed and connected cavity, which is used for the heat exchange medium to withdraw heat from the solid hydrogen storage material filled in the hydrogen storage cylinder or to supplement heat to the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0010] The slotted mesh, also known as Johnson mesh, is existing technology. Its structure involves spirally welding wound wires onto straight ribs, forming a continuously open wedge-shaped mesh with continuous wedge gaps, providing a larger flow area and filtration gaps. The ribs have a V-shaped cross-section, and their sharp corners are typically used for spot welding to integrate with the wound wires. To ensure that the solid hydrogen storage material inside the storage tank does not leak from the wedge gaps, the tips of the wedge gaps face the axis of the storage tank, allowing hydrogen to pass through and contact the solid hydrogen storage material with a larger area. Considering that the expansion of the storage tank will increase the size of the wedge gaps, the width at the tip of the wedge gap should ideally be 30% to 50% of the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material. To accommodate changes in the volume of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the winding wire is made of an elastic alloy, such as copper-based high-elasticity alloy, iron-based high-elasticity alloy, or nickel-based high-elasticity alloy. Utilizing their low elastic modulus and high elastic limit, the winding wire exhibits high resilience. Furthermore, as a preferred option, a certain residual tensile stress should be formed inside the winding wire before it connects to the reinforcing ribs, tightening the strip screen and maintaining its shrinkage characteristics. This way, when the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material inside the hydrogen storage cylinder decreases, the winding wire can reduce the diameter of the hydrogen storage cylinder to accommodate the next hydrogen filling and discharging process.

[0011] Different connection methods can be used when the left and right ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder are sealed by the distribution plate and the collection plate, respectively. One method is to directly weld the left and right ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder to the distribution plate and the collection plate, respectively; another method is to open annular grooves on the distribution plate and the collection plate, and embed the left and right ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder into the grooves on the distribution plate and the collection plate, respectively. To ensure that the solid hydrogen storage material inside the cylinder does not leak out during the expansion and contraction of the hydrogen storage cylinder, filler can be filled and sealed in the gap between the groove and the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0012] The sliding seal between the outer wall of the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, the outer wall of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe and the tank wall of the horizontal tank, which moves axially along the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, can be a packing seal. The packing seal ensures the sealing between the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and the tank wall of the horizontal tank as the hydrogen storage cylinder expands and contracts radially.

[0013] The distribution plate and the collection plate are circular plates with the same diameter as the horizontal tank body and are sealed to the inner wall of the horizontal tank body. The portion of the distribution plate and the collection plate located inside the hydrogen storage cylinder has openings. The heat exchange tubes are open at both ends, with one end connected to the opening on the distribution plate and the other end connected to the opening on the collection plate.

[0014] The heat exchange pipes are arranged in a ring shape, an equilateral triangle shape, or a square shape on the cross section of the hydrogen storage cylinder to ensure that the heat in the hydrogen storage cylinder can be uniformly withdrawn or supplemented. The heat exchange pipes are preferably circular pipes with an outer diameter of 19-80 mm. When the heat exchange pipes are arranged in a ring shape, the spacing between the heat exchange pipes in the circumferential direction is preferably 30-100 mm, and the spacing in the radial direction is preferably 40-150 mm. When the heat exchange pipes are arranged in an equilateral triangle shape, the side length of the equilateral triangle is preferably 25-150 mm. When the heat exchange pipes are arranged in a square shape, the side length of the square is preferably 30-150 mm.

[0015] The hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are respectively used as a passage for hydrogen to enter the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity and a passage for hydrogen to leave the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity. Of course, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet can be combined into one hydrogen inlet / outlet which is used as both the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet.

[0016] When the solid hydrogen storage material is loaded, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe is closed, and the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe is opened. The hydrogen storage material enters the hydrogen storage cylinder from the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe under the action of gravity and is stored in the hydrogen storage cylinder. When the hydrogen storage material needs to be replaced due to the attenuation of the service life, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe is opened. The hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder leaves the hydrogen storage device from the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe under the action of gravity. The hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe are preferably cylindrical with a diameter of 50-400 mm.

[0017] According to different needs of hydrogen charging and discharging, when hydrogen is charged, low-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet and enters the heat exchange pipes through the distribution of the heat exchange medium inlet box. The heat exchange medium absorbs the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage material due to the absorption of hydrogen and is collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box. The heat exchange medium exits the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet, and the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material is reduced. When hydrogen needs to be released from the solid hydrogen storage material, high-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet and enters the heat exchange pipes through the distribution of the heat exchange medium inlet box. The heat exchange medium provides heat to the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder, so that the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs heat and releases hydrogen. The heat exchange medium after releasing heat is collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box and exits the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet. The heat exchange medium withdraws or supplements heat from or to the hydrogen storage device, ensuring that the hydrogen absorption and release process proceeds at a high rate. The heat exchange medium can be selected from fluids such as water, nitrogen, and air.

[0018] When the hydrogen storage cylinder needs to increase in diameter due to the volume expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material, the expansion ring between the outermost heat exchange tube inside the hydrogen storage cylinder and the inner side of the hydrogen storage cylinder will stretch, increasing the diameter of the hydrogen storage cylinder. At this time, the expansion ring in the hydrogen gas charging and discharging cavity will be compressed to compensate for the increased volume inside the hydrogen storage cylinder. When the hydrogen storage cylinder no longer expands due to the volume reduction of the hydrogen storage material, the compressed expansion ring in the hydrogen gas charging and discharging cavity will rebound and restore, preparing for the next contraction. At the same time, the stretched expansion ring between the outermost heat exchange tube inside the hydrogen storage cylinder and the inner side of the hydrogen storage cylinder will contract inward, reducing the diameter of the hydrogen storage cylinder. The expansion ring can stretch or contract in the radial direction of the distribution plate or the collection plate to change the diameter of the hydrogen storage cylinder connected to the distribution plate and the collection plate, thereby adjusting the storage volume of the hydrogen storage cylinder and adapting to the volume change of the solid hydrogen storage material during hydrogen charging and discharging. When the expansion ring is made of a single layer, it is appropriate to use an elastic alloy to make the expansion ring have good rebound performance. The elastic alloy can be a copper-based high-elasticity alloy, an iron-based high-elasticity alloy, a nickel-based high-elasticity alloy, etc. By taking advantage of its low elastic modulus and high elastic limit, the expansion ring has high rebound characteristics. When the expansion ring is made of multiple layers of material by stamping and compounding, it can be made by separating the pressure-bearing layer and the rebound layer, with the pressure-bearing layer bearing the pressure of the hydrogen storage system and the rebound layer providing rebound performance. The rebound layer is preferably made of an elastic alloy layer. In summary, the purpose is to make the expansion ring have small stiffness, be easily deformed, and have certain rebound performance.

[0019] The large end diameter of the hydrogen storage cylinder is preferably 0.6-0.9 times the diameter of the horizontal tank body, and the hydrogen storage cylinder is filled with solid hydrogen storage material. To better add and remove the solid hydrogen storage material inside the hydrogen storage cylinder, the large end diameter of the hydrogen storage cylinder is preferably 1.2-2 times the small end diameter. The small end of the conical cylinder is connected to the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, and the large end is connected to the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, so that the solid hydrogen storage material flows to the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe under the action of gravity along the inclined cylinder wall.

[0020] As a preferred solution, to ensure that the solid hydrogen storage material is filled in the expandable hydrogen storage cylinder, and to avoid the solid hydrogen storage material from being blocked in the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe due to hydrogen expansion, a hydrogen storage material outlet plug can be arranged in the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe. The hydrogen storage material outlet plug is composed of a baffle, a packing seal, a blocking cylinder, a handle and a mounting ring. The blocking cylinder is a cylinder with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, generally 4-10 mm smaller. One end of the blocking cylinder is closed by the baffle, and the other end is open. The baffle is inserted into the inside of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to prevent the solid hydrogen storage material from entering the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe during non-discharge. The baffle is consistent with the shape of the bottom of the hydrogen storage cylinder. A handle is arranged at the open end, which can be a round steel or an angle steel, etc. to facilitate the installation and removal of the hydrogen storage material outlet plug. The gap between the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet plug is filled with a packing seal such as a ceramic fiber rope to prevent the solid hydrogen storage material from entering the gap. The diameter of the ceramic fiber rope is preferably 5-11 mm. To ensure that the hydrogen storage material outlet plug is fixed inside the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, a mounting ring is arranged at the end of the open end. The mounting ring is a circular ring that is sleeved outside the blocking cylinder. A circular hole is opened on the mounting ring, and a threaded hole is opened on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe at the same position to fix the mounting ring on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe with a screw.

[0021] As a preferred solution, to avoid the problems such as hardening or poor flowability of the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder, which may cause difficulty in discharge, a loosening air inlet can be arranged on the right lower side wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder. During the discharge of the solid hydrogen storage material, high-pressure nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other inert gases are introduced to make the solid hydrogen storage material discharge more smoothly.

[0022] When filling the solid hydrogen storage material into the hydrogen storage device, open the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and close the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, and fill the solid hydrogen storage material into the hydrogen storage cylinder. Keep the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe closed during the hydrogen charging and discharging process. When discharging the solid hydrogen storage material from the hydrogen storage device, open the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe and discharge the solid hydrogen storage material from the hydrogen storage cylinder. When discharging the solid hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe can also be opened as a ventilation port. The purpose of opening the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe is to maintain the pressure balance in the hydrogen storage cylinder, prevent the formation of negative pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder when the solid hydrogen storage material is discharged rapidly, and make it difficult to discharge the solid hydrogen storage material, or the negative pressure can cause the hydrogen storage cylinder to be crushed. If the solid hydrogen storage material has poor flowability due to hardening, extrusion or other reasons and cannot be discharged, the loosening air inlet can be opened and inert gases such as nitrogen can be introduced to loosen the solid hydrogen storage material, and the solid hydrogen storage material can be discharged more smoothly from the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0023] The horizontal solid hydrogen storage device is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. When hydrogen is filled, the hydrogen inlet is opened and the hydrogen outlet is closed, so that a closed cavity is formed in the hydrogen storage cylinder. Hydrogen enters the hydrogen filling and discharging cavity from the hydrogen inlet and enters the hydrogen storage cylinder from the slits on the hydrogen storage cylinder. Under the action of pressure, hydrogen is stored in the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder. During the hydrogen filling process, the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material increases, so that the slits of the hydrogen storage cylinder expand, the winding wire expands, the expansion ring between the outermost heat exchange tube in the hydrogen storage cylinder and the inner side of the hydrogen storage cylinder stretches, the expansion ring in the hydrogen filling and discharging cavity compresses, the volume of the hydrogen storage cylinder increases, the increase in the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material is compensated, and the risk of bulging of the hydrogen storage cylinder is avoided. During the hydrogen filling process, heat is released. When the released heat reaches a certain level, the temperature in the hydrogen storage cylinder rises. At this time, low-temperature medium is input into the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet, then enters the heat exchange tube from the heat exchange medium inlet box, absorbs the heat released during the hydrogen filling process through the heat exchange tube, and reduces the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material. The temperature of the low-temperature medium rises, is collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box through the heat exchange tube, and then leaves the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet.

[0024] When hydrogen is discharged, the hydrogen outlet is opened and the hydrogen inlet is closed, so that a closed cavity is formed in the hydrogen storage cylinder, hydrogen is discharged from the solid hydrogen storage material, enters the hydrogen filling and discharging cavity through the slits, and fills the hydrogen filling and discharging cavity. After a certain pressure is formed, hydrogen leaves the hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen outlet and is used by downstream devices or external equipment. After the solid hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen, the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material decreases, the expansion ring in the hydrogen filling and discharging cavity rebounds, the expansion ring between the outermost heat exchange tube in the hydrogen storage cylinder and the inner side of the hydrogen storage cylinder and the winding wire of the slits return to the initial state under the action of the rebound, so that the hydrogen storage cylinder returns to the state before hydrogen is filled. Since the solid hydrogen storage material needs to absorb heat to release the hydrogen stored therein, at this time, high-temperature heat-conducting medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box through the heat exchange medium inlet, then enters the heat exchange tube from the heat exchange medium inlet box, inputs heat into the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage cylinder through the heat exchange tube, so that the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs heat, heats up, and releases hydrogen. After the high-temperature heat-conducting medium releases heat, it is collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box and then leaves the solid hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet.

[0025] The same medium can be used during the hydrogen filling and discharging process. By externally arranging a heater or a cooler, the heat exchange medium can be cooled during the hydrogen filling process and heated during the hydrogen discharging process, so that the heat exchange medium can be recycled.

[0026] The present application has the following advantages:

[0027] 1) By storing hydrogen in solid hydrogen storage material, high pressure or low temperature is not required, and a large amount of energy is not consumed during the hydrogen storage process, so that the hydrogen storage process is safe, efficient, and has a stable hydrogen discharging rate.

[0028] 2) By setting the expansion ring, slotted screen and other expansion elements and heat conducting elements, the volume and heat compensation problems in the process of hydrogen charging and discharging are solved, so that the hydrogen charging and discharging is carried out at a high speed; the expansion elements make the solid hydrogen storage alloy materials expand and extrude each other less, the internal crystal lattice of the solid hydrogen storage alloy materials can still maintain a good form after more hydrogen charging and discharging cycles, the hydrogen storage capacity decays more slowly, and the service life of the solid hydrogen storage material is longer;

[0029] 3) The stress applied to the hydrogen storage shell caused by the volume expansion is greatly reduced by the internal volume change formed by the expansion elements, the risks such as bulging and rupture of the solid hydrogen storage shell are avoided, the safety and reliability of the solid hydrogen storage are improved, and the cost of the solid hydrogen storage is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of a horizontal solid hydrogen storage device of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a structural schematic view of a distribution plate or a collection plate in the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a structural schematic view of a radial section view of a hydrogen storage cylinder in the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 is Figure 1 a structural schematic view of a hydrogen storage material outlet plug in the present application.

[0034] In the figure: 1-hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, 2-horizontal tank body, 3-sliding seal, 4-expansion ring, 5-expansion ring, 6-heat exchange medium inlet, 7-heat exchange medium inlet box, 8-distribution plate, 9-hydrogen inlet, 10-hydrogen charging and discharging cavity, 11-winding wire, 12-loose air inlet, 13-sliding seal, 14-hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, 15-hydrogen storage material outlet plug, 16-collection plate, 17-heat exchange medium outlet box, 18-heat exchange medium outlet, 19-heat exchange pipe, 20-hydrogen outlet, 21-hydrogen storage cylinder, 22-solid hydrogen storage material, 23-rib, 24-baffle, 25-packing seal, 26-block cylinder, 27-handle, 28-mounting ring, 29-wedge-shaped gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Figures 1-3An embodiment of the horizontal solid hydrogen storage device is given. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage device comprises a cylindrical horizontal tank body 2, a hydrogen storage cylinder 21 coaxially arranged in the horizontal tank body 2; the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 is a conical cylinder with a small left end and a large right end, the left end of the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 is fixedly closed by a distribution plate 8 fixed on the tank wall of the horizontal tank body 2, the right end of the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 is fixedly closed by a collection plate 16 fixed on the tank wall of the horizontal tank body 2, the distribution plate 8 and the collection plate 16 divide the internal space of the horizontal tank body 2 into three parts, i.e., a heat exchange medium inlet box 7 on the left side, an annular hydrogen charging and discharging cavity 10 between the outside of the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 and the inner wall of the horizontal tank body 2 in the middle, and a heat exchange medium outlet box 17 on the right side; the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity 10 is not communicated with the heat exchange medium inlet box 7 and the heat exchange medium outlet box 17, the heat exchange medium inlet box 7 and the heat exchange medium outlet box 17 are communicated through heat exchange pipes 19 penetrating the internal space of the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 and fixed on the distribution plate 8 and the collection plate 16; the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 is filled with solid hydrogen storage material 22, the heat exchange pipes 19 are embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material 22, and the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity 10 is provided with a hydrogen inlet 9 and a hydrogen outlet 20 on the corresponding tank wall of the horizontal tank body 2.

[0037] The hydrogen storage cylinder 21 is rolled from a slotted screen, the slotted screen is composed of a winding wire 11 wound and welded on the sharp corners of straight ribs 23, the slits are continuous wedge-shaped gaps 29, the width of the wedge-shaped gaps 29 at the sharp end is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material 22, the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 is communicated with the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity 10 through the wedge-shaped gaps 29, and the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 is provided for hydrogen to enter and exit.

[0038] The outermost heat exchange pipes 19 in the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 and the part of the distribution plate 8 and the part of the collection plate 16 between the inner side of the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 are provided as expansion rings 5, and the part of the distribution plate 8 and the part of the collection plate 16 located in the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity 10 are provided as expansion rings 4.

[0039] The upper left end of the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 is provided with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 1, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 1 penetrates the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity 10 and the tank wall of the horizontal tank body 2 to extend to the outside of the horizontal tank body, a sliding seal 3 moving along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 1 is arranged between the outer wall of the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 1 and the tank wall of the horizontal tank body 2, the lower right end of the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 is provided with a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 penetrates the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity 10 and the tank wall of the horizontal tank body 2 to extend to the outside of the horizontal tank body, a sliding seal 13 moving along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 is arranged between the outer wall of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 and the tank wall of the horizontal tank body 2, and a loosening air inlet 12 is arranged at the bottom of the right end of the hydrogen storage cylinder 21.

[0040] The heat exchange medium inlet box 7 is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet 6, and the heat exchange medium outlet box 17 is provided with a heat exchange medium outlet 18; the heat exchange medium inlet 6, the heat exchange medium inlet box 7, the heat exchange pipe 19, the heat exchange medium outlet box 17 and the heat exchange medium outlet 18 form a closed cavity in communication, for the heat exchange medium to withdraw heat from the solid hydrogen storage material 22 filled in the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 or to supply heat to the solid hydrogen storage material 22.

[0041] Figure 4 is Figure 1 A structure diagram of the hydrogen storage material outlet plug is shown in the figure. As shown in the figure, the hydrogen storage material outlet plug comprises a baffle 24, a packing seal 25, a blocking cylinder 26, a handle 27 and a mounting ring 28; the blocking cylinder 26 is a cylinder, and the outer diameter of the cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14, generally by 4-10 mm; one end of the blocking cylinder 26 is closed with the baffle 24, and the other end is open, the baffle end is inserted into the inside of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 to prevent the solid hydrogen storage material from entering the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 when not discharging, and the baffle 24 is consistent with the shape of the bottom of the hydrogen storage cylinder 21; the open end of the blocking cylinder 26 is provided with the handle 27, which can be round steel or angle steel; the gap between the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 and the hydrogen storage material outlet plug is filled with the packing seal 25 such as ceramic fiber rope, and the diameter of the ceramic fiber rope is preferably 5-11 mm; the mounting ring 28 is a circular ring, which is sleeved on the outside of the blocking cylinder 26, and a circular hole is opened on the mounting ring 28, and a threaded hole is opened on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 at the same position, so that the mounting ring 28 is fixed on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 by a screw.

[0042] The operation process of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings:

[0043] 1) Filling and unloading of solid hydrogen storage material

[0044] The hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 is closed, and the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 1 is opened, and the solid hydrogen storage material 22 enters the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 from the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 1 under the action of gravity and is stored in the hydrogen storage cylinder. When the solid hydrogen storage material 22 needs to be replaced due to life attenuation, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 is opened, and the solid hydrogen storage material 22 in the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 leaves the hydrogen storage device from the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 under the action of gravity. If the solid hydrogen storage material 22 cannot be unloaded due to poor flowability caused by hardening, extrusion and other reasons, the loosening air inlet 12 can be opened and inert gas such as nitrogen is introduced to loosen the solid hydrogen storage material 22, so that the solid hydrogen storage material 22 is more smoothly unloaded from the hydrogen storage cylinder 21.

[0045] 2) Hydrogen charging of solid hydrogen storage material

[0046] At the same time, the hydrogen outlet 20, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 1, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 and the loose air inlet 12 are closed, and the hydrogen inlet 9 is opened. Hydrogen enters from the hydrogen inlet 9 and fills the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity 10, and then enters the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 through the wedge-shaped gap 29 on the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 and is absorbed and stored by the solid hydrogen storage material 22. During the hydrogen charging process, the low-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box 7 from the heat exchange medium inlet 6, enters the heat exchange pipe 19 through the distribution of the distribution plate 8, absorbs the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage material 22 in the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 due to the absorption of hydrogen, and is collected into the heat exchange medium outlet box 17 through the collection plate 16, and then leaves the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet 18. During the hydrogen charging process, the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material 22 increases, which causes the expansion ring 5 to stretch and expand along the horizontal tank body 2, the expansion ring 4 to contract along the horizontal tank body 2, and the winding wire 11 to expand circumferentially along the hydrogen storage cylinder 21. The volume of the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 increases to compensate for the increase in the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material 22, and the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 avoids the risk of bulging.

[0047] 3) Hydrogen release of solid hydrogen storage material

[0048] At the same time, the hydrogen inlet 9, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 1, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 14 and the loose air inlet 12 are closed, and the hydrogen outlet 20 is opened. The high-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box 7 from the heat exchange medium inlet 6, enters the heat exchange pipe 19 through the distribution of the distribution plate 8, provides heat to the solid hydrogen storage material 22 in the hydrogen storage cylinder 21, and releases hydrogen after absorbing heat. The released hydrogen enters and fills the hydrogen charging and discharging cavity 10 through the wedge-shaped gap 29 and then leaves the hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen outlet 20; the heat exchange medium after releasing heat is collected into the heat exchange medium outlet box 17 through the collection plate 16, and then leaves the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet 18. The heat exchange medium can be selected from fluids such as water, nitrogen and air. After the hydrogen is released from the solid hydrogen storage material 22, the volume decreases, the expansion ring 5 and the winding wire 11 contract and expand under the action of elastic force, and the expansion ring 4 stretches along the horizontal tank body, so that the hydrogen storage cylinder 21 recovers to the state before hydrogen charging as much as possible.

Claims

1. A horizontal solid hydrogen storage device, characterized in that: The system includes a cylindrical horizontal tank and a hydrogen storage cylinder coaxially arranged inside the horizontal tank. The hydrogen storage cylinder is a conical cylinder, smaller at the left end and larger at the right end, made of a slotted screen with slots running along the axial direction of the cylinder. The left end of the hydrogen storage cylinder is closed and fixed to the wall of the horizontal tank via a distribution plate, and the right end is closed and fixed to the wall of the horizontal tank via a collection plate. The distribution plate and collection plate divide the internal space of the horizontal tank into a heat exchange medium inlet box on the left, an annular hydrogen charging and discharging chamber located between the outer side of the hydrogen storage cylinder and the inner wall of the horizontal tank in the middle, and a heat exchange medium outlet box on the right. The system consists of three parts: the hydrogen charging / discharging chamber is not connected to the heat exchange medium inlet box or the heat exchange medium outlet box; the heat exchange medium inlet box and the heat exchange medium outlet box are connected by heat exchange tubes that penetrate the internal space of the hydrogen storage cylinder and are fixed to the distribution plate and the collection plate; the hydrogen storage cylinder is filled with solid hydrogen storage material, and the slots of its slotted screen are wedge-shaped, forming wedge gaps. The width at the tip of the wedge gap is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage cylinder is connected to the hydrogen charging / discharging chamber through the slots, allowing hydrogen to enter and exit the hydrogen storage cylinder; the heat exchange tubes are embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material; and the horizontal tank wall corresponding to the hydrogen charging / discharging chamber is equipped with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. The outermost heat exchange tube inside the hydrogen storage cylinder and the part of the distribution plate and part of the collection plate between the inner side of the hydrogen storage cylinder are set as expansion rings. The part of the distribution plate and part of the collection plate located in the hydrogen charging and discharging chamber are also set as expansion rings. The upper left end of the hydrogen storage cylinder is provided with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, which passes through the hydrogen filling and discharging chamber and the tank wall of the horizontal tank and extends to the outside of the horizontal tank. A sliding seal that moves along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe is provided between the outer wall of the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and the tank wall of the horizontal tank. The lower right end of the hydrogen storage cylinder is provided with a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, which passes through the hydrogen filling and discharging chamber and the tank wall of the horizontal tank and extends to the outside of the horizontal tank. A sliding seal that moves along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe is provided between the outer wall of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe and the tank wall of the horizontal tank. The heat exchange medium inlet box is equipped with a heat exchange medium inlet, and the heat exchange medium outlet box is equipped with a heat exchange medium outlet; the heat exchange medium inlet, heat exchange medium inlet box, heat exchange tube, heat exchange medium outlet box and heat exchange medium outlet form a closed and connected cavity, which allows the heat exchange medium to remove heat from the solid hydrogen storage material filled in the hydrogen storage cylinder or to replenish heat to the solid hydrogen storage material.

2. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material is equipped with a hydrogen storage material outlet plug.

3. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage material outlet plug includes a baffle, a packing seal, a baffle cylinder and a handle; the baffle cylinder is a cylindrical tube with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, one end of the baffle cylinder is closed by a baffle, the other end of the baffle cylinder is open, the baffle end is inserted into the inside of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe when not unloading, and the baffle has the same shape as the bottom of the hydrogen storage cylinder. A handle, made of round steel or angle steel, is provided at the open end to facilitate the installation and removal of the hydrogen storage material outlet plug. The gap between the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet plug is sealed with packing to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the gap between them.

4. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The baffle is provided with a mounting ring at the open end. The mounting ring is a circular ring that is fitted over the baffle. A circular hole is made on the mounting ring, and a threaded hole is made at the same position on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe so that the mounting ring can be fixed to the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe with screws.

5. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding seal is a packing seal.

6. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tip of the wedge-shaped gap faces the axis of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

7. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width at the tip of the wedge-shaped gap is 30% to 50% of the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material.

8. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder are directly welded to the distribution plate and the collection plate, respectively.

9. The horizontal solid hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distribution plate and the collection plate have annular grooves, and the left and right ends of the hydrogen storage cylinder are respectively embedded in the grooves on the distribution plate and the collection plate.

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