Three-layer tube-type biomass thermal cracking reaction device

Abstract

The present invention has applied for a three-layer sleeve-type biomass pyrolysis reaction device, which relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis to prepare biochar. The device includes a mounting plate, an inlet and outlet anti-blocking assembly, and an inner tube anti-blocking assembly. The outer tube of the present invention has a flue gas heat exchange space with a heat storage function, which effectively avoids the influence of flue gas temperature fluctuations on the pyrolysis process and greatly reduces the influence of ambient temperature. The middle tube is a biomass raw material conveying channel with a spiral groove structure. On the one hand, the middle tube reduces the thickness of the material stacking layer, and on the other hand, the unique spiral groove structure can effectively avoid mutual friction during the rotation of the material. The inner tube is a conveying channel for pyrolysis combustible gas, and the surface adopts a porous pipeline structure with evenly distributed holes. The pyrolysis pores are smaller than the size of the biomass material, allowing the pyrolysis combustible gas to pass through while avoiding the material from passing through, realizing the rapid separation of the pyrolysis combustible gas from the biochar surface, avoiding the occurrence of secondary pyrolysis reaction, and improving the carbon yield of the pyrolysis process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of preparing biochar by thermal cracking of biomass, in particular to a three-layer sleeve-type biomass thermal cracking reaction device. Background Art

[0002] As the only renewable carbon source, biomass resources offer significant advantages, including abundant reserves, easy access, and a wide variety. The energy utilization of biomass resources is key to achieving the green and rapid development of industrial society. Within the energy utilization of biomass resources, thermochemical conversion processes have garnered widespread attention, particularly the production of biochar from biomass pyrolysis. This is primarily due to biochar's strong coal-like properties. In coal-based applications, biochar can effectively replace coal without requiring major modifications to combustion equipment.

[0003] Traditional biomass pyrolysis biochar production typically utilizes a batch-based production process involving smoldering in reactors or earthen kilns. The biomass feedstock is placed in a sealed chamber and subjected to sufficient external heat to initiate the pyrolysis process. Within this sealed chamber, the biomass undergoes a slow thermochemical transformation over several days to several dozen days, gradually transforming into the target product, biochar. This biochar production process has significant drawbacks: first, the discontinuous nature of the production process; second, the instability of product quality; and third, the long production cycle. Clearly, it is unsuitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0004] Compared with the intermittent production process, a continuous biomass pyrolysis process for preparing biochar has been developed in recent years: the biomass raw materials are distributed inside the rotary kiln, and a certain material-lifting baffle is used to fully stir the biomass raw materials during the rotation of the rotary kiln to ensure that the biomass raw materials are fully in contact with the external heat source. However, this production method has the following shortcomings: First, after the biomass is pyrolyzed to form biochar, the grindability of the product is significantly enhanced, and the products rub against each other during the lifting process, resulting in a significant increase in the proportion of powder in the output product; second, the pyrolysis combustible gas and the material are transported in the same space, and a secondary pyrolysis process occurs, which reduces the carbon yield of the biochar; third, the pyrolysis gas is separated from the system through the material layer, which will bring out the light powder in the product, further reducing the carbon yield of the biochar product.

[0005] Based on this, a three-layer sleeve-type biomass thermal cracking reaction device is now provided, which can eliminate the disadvantages of the existing devices. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-layer sleeve-type biomass thermal cracking reaction device to solve the shortcomings of the current product in the background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The cam is fixedly provided with an axially extending outer wall of the cylinder, and the cam is fixedly provided with an axially extending outer wall of the cylinder.

[0009] The inlet and outlet anti-blocking components are arranged at the feed pipe and the outlet pipe to prevent the feed pipe and the outlet pipe from being blocked;

[0010] The inner cylinder anti-blocking component is arranged in the inner cylinder to prevent the pyrolysis pores of the inner cylinder from being blocked.

[0011] On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions:

[0012] In an optional solution: the upper surface of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to a motor, two connecting plates are fixedly connected to the circumference of the outer cylinder, the two connecting plates are commonly connected to a first rotating shaft through a bearing, the motor is connected to the first rotating shaft through a synchronous belt transmission member, both ends of the first rotating shaft are fixedly connected to a first gear, the fixed circular plate is connected to a gear ring through a bearing, the gear ring is provided with internal teeth and external teeth, the first gear is engaged with the outer teeth of the gear ring, and the gear ring is fixedly connected to the middle cylinder.

[0013] In an optional solution: the feed and discharge anti-blocking component includes a second gear, the inner side walls of the feed pipe and the discharge pipe are both provided with spiral grooves, the feed pipe and the discharge pipe are both fixedly connected to the second gear, and the second gear is engaged with the inner ring of the gear ring.

[0014] In an optional scheme: the inner cylinder anti-blocking assembly includes a second rotating shaft and a third gear, the two fixed circular plates are commonly connected to the second rotating shaft through a bearing, one end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the third gear, the third gear is meshed with the second gear, the part of the second rotating shaft located in the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to a cam, a number of protrusions are provided on the circumference of the cam, the side walls of the pyrolysis holes of the inner cylinder are each provided with a sleeve, the sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner cylinder through two connecting blocks, the sleeve is slidably connected to an anti-blocking rod, the side wall of the anti-blocking rod is fixedly connected to a spring plate, a spring is fixedly connected between the spring plate and the sleeve, the anti-blocking rod passes through the pyrolysis hole of the inner cylinder, and the anti-blocking rod abuts against the cam.

[0015] In an optional solution, a ball is provided on the side wall of the anti-blocking rod close to the cam.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The outer cylinder of the present invention has a flue gas heat exchange space with heat storage function, which can effectively avoid the influence of flue gas temperature fluctuation on the pyrolysis process and greatly reduce the influence of ambient temperature.

[0018] 2. The middle cylinder of the present invention is a biomass raw material conveying channel with a spiral groove structure. On the one hand, the middle cylinder reduces the thickness of the material accumulation layer, and on the other hand, the unique spiral groove structure can effectively avoid mutual friction during the rotation of the material;

[0019] 3. The inner cylinder of the present invention is a conveying channel for pyrolysis combustible gas. The surface of the inner cylinder adopts a porous pipeline structure with evenly distributed holes. The pyrolysis pores are smaller than the size of the biomass material. In actual application, the pyrolysis combustible gas is allowed to pass through while preventing the material from passing through, thereby achieving rapid separation of the pyrolysis combustible gas from the biochar surface, avoiding the occurrence of secondary pyrolysis reactions, and improving the carbon yield of the pyrolysis process.

[0020] 4. The present invention drives the second gear to rotate while the ring gear rotates, and the second gear drives the feed pipe and the discharge pipe to rotate. Since spiral grooves are provided in the feed pipe and the discharge pipe, the biomass material can be assisted in entering and exiting to avoid clogging the feed pipe and the discharge pipe.

[0021] 5. In the present invention, the rotation of the second gear simultaneously drives the rotation of the third gear, which in turn drives the rotation of the second rotating shaft, which in turn drives the rotation of the cam. The concave and convex parts of the cam cooperate with the spring to drive the anti-blocking rod to reciprocate up and down. The anti-blocking rod moves within the pyrolysis pores of the inner cylinder to prevent biomass materials from clogging the pyrolysis pores, preventing the pyrolysis combustible gas from passing through the pores and entering the inner cylinder, thereby affecting the output of the pyrolysis combustible gas.

[0022] 6. The present invention can simultaneously drive the outer cylinder, cam, feed pipe and discharge pipe to rotate through a servo motor. The additional provision of a drive motor helps to reduce the weight of the equipment and reduce costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a first viewing angle diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a second viewing angle diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the middle tube of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the inner cylinder anti-blocking assembly of the present invention.

[0030] Notes on figure numbers: 1 mounting plate, 2 fixing plate, 3 motor, 4 synchronous belt transmission, 5 first rotating shaft, 6 connecting plate, 7 flue gas outlet box, 8 first gear, 9 outer cylinder, 10 ashtray, 11 ring gear, 12 second gear, 13 feed pipe, 14 second rotating shaft, 15 third gear, 16 fixing ring, 17 fixing circular plate, 18 middle cylinder, 19 inner cylinder, 20 cam, 21 sleeve, 22 anti-blocking rod, 23 spring plate, 24 connecting block, 25 discharge pipe, 26 pyrolysis gas pipe, 27 inlet and outlet anti-blocking assembly, 28 inner cylinder anti-blocking assembly, 29 ball, 30 flue gas inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] In one embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 7As shown, a three-layer sleeve-type biomass thermal cracking reaction device includes a mounting plate 1, an inlet and outlet anti-blocking component 27, and an inner tube anti-blocking component 28. The side wall of the mounting plate 1 is fixedly connected to a fixing plate 2, and the side wall of the fixing plate 2 is fixedly connected to an outer tube 9. Two symmetrical fixing rings 16 are fixedly connected to the circumference of the outer tube 9. The fixing ring 16 is fixedly connected to a fixing circular plate 17 through a connecting frame. The two fixing circular plates 17 are connected to a middle tube 18 through a bearing. The inner wall of the middle tube 18 is provided with a spiral groove. The middle tube 18 and the outer tube 9 are connected through a bearing. Next, the two fixed circular plates 17 are fixedly connected to the inner cylinder 19. The side wall of the inner cylinder 19 is provided with a plurality of pyrolysis holes. One of the fixed circular plates 17 is connected to the feed pipe 13 via a bearing, and the other fixed circular plate 17 is connected to the discharge pipe 25 via a bearing. The side wall of the fixed circular plate 17 near the discharge pipe 25 is penetrated and fixedly connected with the pyrolysis pipe 26. The outer cylinder 9 is provided with a flue gas outlet box 7 and an ash box 10. The side wall of the ash box 10 is provided with a flue gas inlet 30, and the top wall of the flue gas outlet box 7 is provided with a flue gas outlet.

[0033] First, the biomass is fed into the space between the middle cylinder 18 and the inner cylinder 19 through the feed pipe 13, and the flue gas is discharged into the space between the outer cylinder 9 and the middle cylinder 18 through the flue gas inlet 30 to heat the biomass. The flue gas can be discharged from the flue gas outlet of the flue gas outlet box 7, and the bottom of the ash box 10 can be opened to clean the ash;

[0034] The outer cylinder 9 has a flue gas heat exchange space with a heat storage function, which effectively avoids the influence of flue gas temperature fluctuations on the pyrolysis process, and greatly reduces the influence of ambient temperature. The middle cylinder 18 is a biomass raw material conveying channel with a spiral groove structure. On the one hand, the middle cylinder 18 reduces the thickness of the material stacking layer, and on the other hand, the unique spiral groove structure can effectively avoid mutual friction during the rotation of the material. The inner cylinder 19 is a conveying channel for pyrolysis combustible gas. The surface of the inner cylinder 19 adopts a porous pipeline structure with evenly distributed holes. The pyrolysis pores are smaller than the size of the biomass material. In actual application, the pyrolysis combustible gas is allowed to pass through while the material is prevented from passing through, thereby realizing the rapid separation of the pyrolysis combustible gas from the surface of the biochar, avoiding the occurrence of secondary pyrolysis reactions, and improving the carbon yield of the pyrolysis process.

[0035] The feed and discharge anti-blocking assembly 27 is provided at the feed pipe 13 and the discharge pipe 25 to prevent the feed pipe 13 and the discharge pipe 25 from being blocked;

[0036] The inner cylinder anti-blocking assembly 28 is disposed in the inner cylinder 19 to prevent the pyrolysis pores of the inner cylinder 19 from being blocked.

[0037] In one embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the upper surface of the fixed plate 2 is fixedly connected to the motor 3, and two connecting plates 6 are fixedly connected to the circumference of the outer cylinder 9. The two connecting plates 6 are commonly connected to the first rotating shaft 5 through a bearing. The motor 3 is connected to the first rotating shaft 5 through a synchronous belt transmission member 4. Both ends of the first rotating shaft 5 are fixedly connected to the first gear 8. The fixed circular plate 17 is connected to the ring gear 11 through a bearing. The ring gear 11 is provided with internal teeth and external teeth. The first gear 8 is engaged with the external teeth of the ring gear 11, and the ring gear 11 is fixedly connected to the middle cylinder 18.

[0038] The motor 3 is started, and the motor 3 drives the first rotating shaft 5 to rotate through the synchronous belt transmission member 4. The first rotating shaft 5 drives the two first gears 8 to rotate, and the two first gears 8 drive the two ring gears 11 to rotate. The two ring gears 11 drive the middle cylinder 18 to rotate. Since a spiral groove is provided in the middle cylinder 18, during the rotation of the middle cylinder 18, the biomass material spirally advances along the spiral groove in the middle cylinder 18, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the heating of the biomass can be extracted from the pyrolysis gas pipe 26 by an air pump.

[0039] In one embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the feed and discharge anti-blocking assembly 27 includes a second gear 12, and the inner walls of the feed pipe 13 and the discharge pipe 25 are both provided with spiral grooves. The feed pipe 13 and the discharge pipe 25 are both fixedly connected to the second gear 12, and the second gear 12 is engaged with the inner ring of the gear ring 11.

[0040] As the ring gear 11 rotates, it drives the second gear 12 to rotate, and the second gear 12 drives the feed pipe 13 and the discharge pipe 25 to rotate. Since spiral grooves are provided in the feed pipe 13 and the discharge pipe 25, they can assist the biomass material in entering and exiting, avoiding blockage of the feed pipe 13 and the discharge pipe 25.

[0041] In one embodiment, Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the inner cylinder anti-blocking assembly 28 includes a second rotating shaft 14 and a third gear 15. The two fixed circular plates 17 are connected to the second rotating shaft 14 through a bearing. One end of the second rotating shaft 14 is fixedly connected to the third gear 15. The third gear 15 is engaged with the second gear 12. The part of the second rotating shaft 14 located in the inner cylinder 19 is fixedly connected to the cam 20. A number of protrusions are provided on the circumference of the cam 20. The side walls of the pyrolysis holes of the inner cylinder 19 are provided with sleeves 21. The sleeves 21 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner cylinder 19 through two connecting blocks 24. The sleeve 21 is slidably connected to an anti-blocking rod 22. The side wall of the anti-blocking rod 22 is fixedly connected to a spring plate 23. A spring is fixedly connected between the spring plate 23 and the sleeve 21. The anti-blocking rod 22 passes through the pyrolysis holes of the inner cylinder 19 and abuts against the cam 20.

[0042] The rotation of the second gear 12 simultaneously drives the rotation of the third gear 15, which in turn drives the rotation of the second rotating shaft 14, which in turn drives the rotation of the cam 20. The concave and convex parts of the cam 20 cooperate with the spring to drive the anti-blocking rod 22 to reciprocate up and down. The anti-blocking rod 22 moves within the pyrolysis pores of the inner cylinder 19 to prevent biomass materials from clogging the pyrolysis pores, preventing the pyrolysis combustible gas from passing through the pores and entering the inner cylinder 19, thereby affecting the output of the pyrolysis combustible gas.

[0043] In one embodiment, Figure 7 As shown, the anti-blocking rod 22 is provided with a ball 29 near the side wall of the cam 20 to reduce the friction loss of the anti-blocking rod 22.

[0044] The above embodiment discloses a three-layer tube-type biomass thermal cracking reaction device.

[0045] S1: First, biomass is fed into the space between the middle cylinder 18 and the inner cylinder 19 through the feed pipe 13, and smoke is discharged into the space between the outer cylinder 9 and the middle cylinder 18 through the smoke inlet 30 to heat the biomass. The smoke can be discharged from the smoke outlet of the smoke outlet box 7, and the bottom of the ash box 10 can be opened to clean the ash;

[0046] S2: Start the motor 3, which drives the first rotating shaft 5 to rotate via the synchronous belt transmission 4. The first rotating shaft 5 drives the two first gears 8 to rotate, which in turn drive the two ring gears 11 to rotate, which in turn drive the middle cylinder 18 to rotate. Since the middle cylinder 18 is provided with a spiral groove, the biomass material spirals along the spiral groove during the rotation of the middle cylinder 18. The pyrolysis gas generated by the heating of the biomass can be pumped out of the pyrolysis gas pipe 26 by the air pump.

[0047] The outer cylinder 9 has a flue gas heat exchange space with a heat storage function, which effectively avoids the influence of flue gas temperature fluctuations on the pyrolysis process, and greatly reduces the influence of ambient temperature. The middle cylinder 18 is a biomass raw material conveying channel with a spiral groove structure. On the one hand, the middle cylinder 18 reduces the thickness of the stacking layer of the material, and on the other hand, the unique spiral groove structure can effectively avoid mutual friction during the rotation of the material. The inner cylinder 19 is a conveying channel for pyrolysis combustible gas. The surface of the inner cylinder 19 adopts a porous pipeline structure with evenly distributed holes. The pyrolysis pores are smaller than the size of biomass materials. In actual application, the pyrolysis combustible gas is allowed to pass through while the material is prevented from passing through, thereby realizing the rapid separation of the pyrolysis combustible gas from the surface of the biochar, avoiding the occurrence of secondary pyrolysis reactions, and improving the carbon yield of the pyrolysis process;

[0048] S3: The ring gear 11 rotates while driving the second gear 12 to rotate. The second gear 12 drives the feed pipe 13 and the discharge pipe 25 to rotate. Since the feed pipe 13 and the discharge pipe 25 are both provided with spiral grooves, they can assist the biomass material in entering and exiting, avoiding blockage of the feed pipe 13 and the discharge pipe 25.

[0049] S4: The second gear 12 rotates while driving the third gear 15 to rotate. The third gear 15 drives the second rotating shaft 14 to rotate. The second rotating shaft 14 drives the cam 20 to rotate. The concave and convex parts of the cam 20 cooperate with the spring to drive the anti-blocking rod 22 to reciprocate up and down. The anti-blocking rod 22 moves within the pyrolysis pores of the inner cylinder 19 to prevent biomass materials from blocking the pyrolysis pores, preventing the pyrolysis combustible gas from passing through the pores and entering the inner cylinder 19, thereby affecting the output of the pyrolysis combustible gas.

[0050] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A three-layer tube-type biomass thermal cracking reaction device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mounting plate (1), an inlet and outlet anti-blocking assembly (27), and an inner cylinder anti-blocking assembly (28); the side wall of the mounting plate (1) is fixedly connected to a fixing plate (2); the side wall of the fixing plate (2) is fixedly connected to an outer cylinder (9); two symmetrical fixing rings (16) are fixedly connected to the circumference of the outer cylinder (9); the fixing rings (16) are fixedly connected to a fixing circular plate (17) through a connecting frame; the two fixing circular plates (17) are connected to a middle cylinder (18) through a bearing; the inner side wall of the middle cylinder (18) is provided with a spiral groove; the middle cylinder (18) and the outer cylinder (9) are connected through a bearing; the two fixing circular plates ( 17) are fixedly connected to an inner cylinder (19), and a plurality of pyrolysis holes are opened on the side wall of the inner cylinder (19), one of the fixed circular plates (17) is connected to a feed pipe (13) through a bearing, and the other fixed circular plate (17) is connected to a discharge pipe (25) through a bearing, and a pyrolysis pipe (26) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixed circular plate (17) near the discharge pipe (25), and a smoke outlet box (7) and an ash box (10) are provided on the circumference of the outer cylinder (9), a smoke inlet (30) is provided on the side wall of the ash box (10), and a smoke outlet is provided on the top wall of the smoke outlet box (7); The feed and discharge anti-blocking assembly (27) is arranged at the feed pipe (13) and the discharge pipe (25) to prevent the feed pipe (13) and the discharge pipe (25) from being blocked; The inner cylinder anti-blocking component (28) is arranged in the inner cylinder (19) to prevent the pyrolysis pores of the inner cylinder (19) from being blocked; The inner cylinder anti-blocking assembly (28) includes a second rotating shaft (14) and a third gear (15). The two fixed circular plates (17) are connected to the second rotating shaft (14) through a bearing. One end of the second rotating shaft (14) is fixedly connected to the third gear (15). The third gear (15) is meshed with the second gear (12). The portion of the second rotating shaft (14) located in the inner cylinder (19) is fixedly connected to a cam (20). A plurality of protrusions are provided on the circumference of the cam (20). The inner cylinder (19) The side walls of the pyrolysis pores are provided with sleeves (21), the sleeves (21) are fixedly connected to the inner side walls of the inner cylinder (19) through two connecting blocks (24), the sleeves (21) are slidably connected to an anti-blocking rod (22), the side walls of the anti-blocking rod (22) are fixedly connected to a spring plate (23), a spring is fixedly connected between the spring plate (23) and the sleeve (21), the anti-blocking rod (22) passes through the pyrolysis pores of the inner cylinder (19), and the anti-blocking rod (22) abuts against the cam (20).

2. The three-layer sleeve-type biomass thermal cracking reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the fixed plate (2) is fixedly connected to a motor (3), and two connecting plates (6) are fixedly connected to the circumference of the outer cylinder (9). The two connecting plates (6) are commonly connected to a first rotating shaft (5) through a bearing. The motor (3) is transmission-connected to the first rotating shaft (5) through a synchronous belt transmission member (4). Both ends of the first rotating shaft (5) are fixedly connected to a first gear (8). The fixed circular plate (17) is connected to a gear ring (11) through a bearing. The gear ring (11) is provided with internal teeth and external teeth. The first gear (8) meshes with the external teeth of the gear ring (11). The gear ring (11) is fixedly connected to the middle cylinder (18).

3. The three-layer sleeve-type biomass thermal cracking reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed and discharge anti-blocking assembly (27) includes a second gear (12), the inner side walls of the feed pipe (13) and the discharge pipe (25) are both provided with spiral grooves, the feed pipe (13) and the discharge pipe (25) are both fixedly connected to the second gear (12), and the second gear (12) is engaged with the inner ring of the gear ring (11).

4. The three-layer tube-type biomass thermal cracking reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ball (29) is provided on the side wall of the anti-blocking rod (22) close to the cam (20).

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