Design method of bench blasting drilling to improve the safety of open-pit bench blasting drilling

Abstract

The present invention discloses a step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling, comprising: obtaining the drilling data information of the shadow holes in the upper horizontal area of ​​the step blasting area connected to the proposed blasting area directly above the proposed blasting area, and obtaining the trajectory of all the shadow holes in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area, that is, the blasted blasting holes; selecting the measured surface of the upper horizontal area of ​​the next step blasting area as the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area; calculating the intersection of the shadow hole trajectory of the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area and the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, and obtaining the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all the intersections; when blasting holes are arranged in batches on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, avoiding the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all the intersections. This method can obtain the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of the intersections of all the shadow holes in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area of ​​the next step, so that when blasting holes are arranged in batches on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, these positions can be avoided to prevent the explosion accident of residual explosives in the blasting holes during the drilling operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of engineering blasting, and more specifically, to a step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling. Background Art

[0002] Step blasting refers to a stone blasting method that advances in the form of steps. Step blasting is generally used in earthwork excavation construction projects such as mines, railways, roads, and water conservancy, and is the mainstream blasting technology in the engineering industry. Step blasting usually focuses on the following blasting goals: first, obtaining good blasting quality; second, ensuring blasting safety; third, reasonable or minimized economic costs. At present, some large open-pit mines use large-diameter drills to achieve batch deep hole blasting. Step blasting technology has greatly improved the comprehensive production efficiency of open-pit mining. However, for a large number of deep hole blasting, there will be residual explosives at the bottom of a very small number of blastholes. If step blastholes are continued to be arranged in the upper horizontal area of ​​the next step blasting area, when the drill bit is used to impact the blasthole, if the explosives remaining at the bottom of the previous step blasthole are impacted, it is easy to cause an explosion accident. As a high-risk industry, safety is of vital importance in the civil explosives industry. Therefore, how to avoid the occurrence of explosion accidents caused by residual explosives in blastholes is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling. The method can obtain the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of the intersection points of all shadow holes in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area of ​​the next step, so that when blast holes are arranged in batches on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, these positions can be avoided, thereby preventing the explosion accident of residual explosives in the blast holes caused by the residual explosives in the shadow holes of the previous step when the drilling rig is drilling.

[0004] In order to achieve these objects and other advantages of the present invention, a step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Obtain the drilling data information of all blasted blast holes, i.e., shadow holes, in the upper horizontal area of ​​the blasting area of ​​the step directly above the proposed blasting area, and obtain the trajectories of all shadow holes in the upper horizontal area of ​​the blasting area of ​​the previous step;

[0006] Selecting the measured surface of the upper horizontal area of ​​the next step blasting area as the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, wherein the elevation of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area is higher than the elevation of the bottom of the shadow hole;

[0007] Calculate the intersection points of the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area and the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all the intersection points;

[0008] When blast holes are arranged in batches on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all the intersection points are avoided to prevent residual explosives from remaining in the shadow hole of the upper step from causing explosion accidents when the drilling rig is drilling.

[0009] Preferably, in the step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling, the drilling data information includes the top three-dimensional coordinate value and the bottom three-dimensional coordinate value of each shadow hole; the acquired upper horizontal area range of the blasting area of ​​the step connected directly above the proposed blasting area is expanded on the XY plane by 1 to 2 times the row spacing or hole spacing compared with the peripheral hole connection range of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area.

[0010] Preferably, the step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling, the calculation of the intersection of the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area and the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all intersections specifically includes:

[0011] Obtain a triangulated network of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, which is composed of N triangulated networks, each of which includes multiple triangles;

[0012] Determine whether the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area has an intersection with one of the triangulated networks on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, and if so, calculate the three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection;

[0013] Determine whether the calculated three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection point is inside the triangulated network. If not, it is not a true intersection point. If it is, it is a true intersection point.

[0014] Loop through all triangulated networks and find the 3D coordinate values ​​of all intersection points that meet the conditions.

[0015] Preferably, in the step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling, the specific calculation process of judging whether the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area intersects with one of the triangulated networks on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area is:

[0016] The top coordinate of the shadow hole is P1 (x1, y1, z1), and the bottom coordinate of the shadow hole is P2 (x2, y2, z2). Then the shadow hole trajectory equation is: r = P1 + t (P2-P1), where r and t are parameters;

[0017] The equation of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area is n·(r-P3)=0, n is the normal vector of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, and P3 is an end point of the triangulated network on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area;

[0018] If the equation of the shadow hole trajectory and the equation of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area have a solution with respect to t, it means that the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area has an intersection with the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area; if there is no solution, there is no intersection.

[0019] Preferably, in the step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling, the specific process of determining whether the calculated three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection point is inside the triangulated network is as follows:

[0020] Calculate the area S of a triangle, and then calculate the areas S1, S2, and S3 formed by the intersection point and any two vertices of the triangle respectively;

[0021] If S=S1+S2+S3, the intersection point is inside, otherwise it is outside.

[0022] Preferably, the step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling, the step of judging whether the three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection point is inside the triangulated network, further comprises the steps of:

[0023] Calculate the length L of the shadow hole trajectory. The distance between the top coordinate point of the shadow hole and the intersection is L1, and the distance between the bottom coordinate point of the shadow hole and the intersection is L2. If L=L1+L2, then determine the three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area.

[0024] Preferably, the step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling is to avoid all the obtained three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of the intersections when arranging blast holes in batches on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, and the specific process is:

[0025] A circle with radius R is formed around each intersection point;

[0026] If the three-dimensional coordinates of the arranged blastholes are within a circle with a radius of R, it will be prompted that the hole arrangement does not meet the requirements;

[0027] Re-arrange the holes or change the positions of the blast holes until the distance between all the newly arranged blast holes and the intersection point is greater than R.

[0028] Preferably, in the step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling, the shadow hole trajectory is an inclined line segment or a vertical line segment.

[0029] The present invention at least includes the following beneficial effects: the present invention first obtains the top three-dimensional coordinate values ​​and the bottom three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all shadow holes in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area, thereby obtaining each shadow hole trajectory, and then determines the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area of ​​the next step, and calculates the intersection points of the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area and the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all intersection points. In this way, when blast holes are arranged in batches on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area of ​​the next step, the obtained three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of the intersection points can be avoided, thereby preventing the occurrence of explosion accidents of residual explosives in blast holes.

[0030] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the process of calculating the intersection point of the shadow hole trajectory and the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0034] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0035] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected or set, or detachably connected or set, or connected or set in one piece. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 1-2As shown, the step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0037] S100, obtaining drilling data information of all blasted blast holes, i.e., shadow holes, in the upper horizontal area of ​​the blasting area of ​​the step directly above the planned blasting area, and obtaining the trajectories of all shadow holes in the upper horizontal area of ​​the blasting area of ​​the previous step.

[0038] In the above steps, the blasted blast holes are usually called shadow holes. The drilling data information includes the top three-dimensional coordinate value and the bottom three-dimensional coordinate value of each shadow hole, and the shadow hole trajectory can be obtained through the top three-dimensional coordinate value and the bottom three-dimensional coordinate value. The upper horizontal area range of the blasting area of ​​the step connected to the proposed blasting area directly above the proposed blasting area is expanded by 1 to 2 times the row spacing or hole spacing on the XY plane compared with the peripheral hole connection range of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area. That is to say, when designing, try to make the upper horizontal area of ​​the blasting area of ​​the upper step larger than the upper horizontal area of ​​the proposed blasting area of ​​the next step. The shadow hole trajectory can be vertical or inclined, that is, the blasting hole impacted by the drill bit of the drilling rig can be impacted vertically downward or tilted. The bottom coordinates of the blasting hole can be obtained by the impact distance of the drill bit and the tilt angle.

[0039] S200, selecting the measured surface of the upper horizontal area of ​​the next step blasting area as the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, wherein the elevation of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area is higher than the elevation of the bottom of the shadow hole.

[0040] In the above steps, usually the elevation of the upper horizontal surface of the planned blasting area of ​​the next step is 8 to 12 times the borehole diameter higher than the elevation of the bottom of the shadow hole in the upper horizontal area of ​​the blasting area of ​​the previous step.

[0041] S300, calculating the intersection points of the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area and the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, and obtaining the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all the intersection points.

[0042] Specifically, the calculation process is:

[0043] S310, obtaining a triangulated network of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, which is composed of N triangulated networks, each of which includes a plurality of triangles.

[0044] Among them, in order to calculate the intersection of the shadow hole trajectory and the upper horizontal surface of the proposed explosion area of ​​the next step, it is necessary to obtain the triangulated network of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed explosion area of ​​the next step, and the upper horizontal surface of the proposed explosion area of ​​the next step is composed of multiple triangulated networks, and each triangulated network includes multiple triangles. In this embodiment, the number of triangulated networks is not limited, and can be intercepted according to the actual situation according to the area requirements described in S100. The entire surface is looped to obtain each triangle. In order to determine the normal vector of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed explosion area of ​​the next step, it is necessary to determine the edge vector of the triangle, which is a vector from one vertex to another vertex. For example, for triangle ABC, the edge vector can be expressed as AB, BC and CA; then the cross product of the two edge vectors of the triangle is calculated, and the cross product of the edge vector is also a vector, whose direction is perpendicular to the plane where the two vectors are located, and its size is equal to the area of ​​the parallelogram formed by the two vectors. Therefore, for triangle ABC, the normal vector of the triangle is obtained by calculating the cross product of vector AB and vector AC; finally, the normal vector is standardized so that its length is 1.

[0045] S320, determining whether the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area has an intersection with one of the triangulated networks on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, and if so, calculating the three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection.

[0046] Furthermore, the specific calculation process is:

[0047] S321. The top coordinate of the shadow hole is P1 (x1, y1, z1), and the bottom coordinate of the shadow hole is P2 (x2, y2, z2). Then the shadow hole trajectory equation is: r=P1+t(P2-P1), where r and t are parameters.

[0048] S322. The equation of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area is n·(r-P3)=0, where n is the normal vector of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, and P3 is an end point of the triangulated network on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area.

[0049] S323. If the equation of the shadow hole trajectory and the equation of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area have a solution with respect to t, it means that the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area has an intersection with the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area; if there is no solution, there is no intersection.

[0050] S330, determining whether the calculated three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection point is inside the triangulated network; if not, it is not a true intersection point; if it is, it is a true intersection point.

[0051] Further, the specific judgment process is:

[0052] S331, calculate the area S of a triangle, and then calculate the areas S1, S2, and S3 formed by the intersection point and any two vertices of the triangle respectively;

[0053] S332. If S=S1+S2+S3, the intersection is inside, otherwise it is outside.

[0054] Also includes the steps:

[0055] S333. Calculate the length L of the shadow hole trajectory. The distance between the top coordinate point of the shadow hole and the intersection point is L1. The distance between the bottom coordinate point of the shadow hole and the intersection point is L2. If L=L1+L2, determine the three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection point on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area.

[0056] The setting of step S333 can further verify whether the calculated intersection point is a true intersection point. During the calculation process, an intersection point inside the triangle may occasionally appear to be not a true intersection point and needs further confirmation.

[0057] S340, loop through all triangulated networks to find out the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all intersection points that meet the conditions.

[0058] S400, when arranging blast holes in batches on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, avoid all obtained three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of intersection points to prevent residual explosives from remaining in the shadow hole of the previous step from causing explosion accidents when the drilling rig is drilling.

[0059] The specific process is:

[0060] S410, forming a circle with a radius R around each intersection. The radius R is the minimum distance to ensure that the new hole avoids the shadow hole or residual hole. The value of R is specifically set according to the actual project situation, and is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] S420, if the three-dimensional coordinates of the arranged blastholes are within a circle with a radius of R, it is prompted that the hole arrangement does not meet the requirements;

[0062] S430, rearrange the holes, or change the positions of the blast holes, until the distances between the positions of all newly arranged blast holes and the intersection point are greater than R.

[0063] In summary, the step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling provided by the embodiment of the present invention can obtain the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of the intersection points of all shadow holes in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area of ​​the next step, so that when arranging blast holes in batches on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, these positions can be avoided to prevent the residual explosives in the shadow holes of the previous step from causing explosion accidents when the drilling rig is drilling.

[0064] The number of devices and processing scales described here are used to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0065] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtain the drilling data information of all blasted blast holes, i.e., shadow holes, in the upper horizontal area of ​​the blasting area of ​​the step directly above the proposed blasting area, and obtain the trajectories of all shadow holes in the upper horizontal area of ​​the blasting area of ​​the previous step; Selecting the measured surface of the upper horizontal area of ​​the next step blasting area as the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, wherein the elevation of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area is higher than the elevation of the bottom of the shadow hole; Calculate the intersection points of the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area and the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all the intersection points; When arranging blast holes in batches on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, avoid all the obtained three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of the intersection points to prevent the residual explosives in the shadow hole of the upper step from causing an explosion accident when the drilling rig is drilling; The calculation of the intersection of the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area and the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of all intersections specifically includes: Obtain a triangulated network of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, which is composed of N triangulated networks, each of which includes multiple triangles; Determine whether the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area has an intersection with one of the triangulated networks on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, and if so, calculate the three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection; Determine whether the calculated three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection point is inside the triangulated network. If not, it is not a true intersection point. If it is, it is a true intersection point. Loop through all triangulated networks and find the 3D coordinate values ​​of all intersection points that meet the conditions.

2. The step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling data information includes the top three-dimensional coordinate value and the bottom three-dimensional coordinate value of each shadow hole; the upper horizontal area range of the blasting area connected to the step directly above the proposed blasting area is expanded by 1 to 2 times the row spacing or hole spacing on the XY plane compared with the peripheral hole connection range of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area.

3. The step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific calculation process of judging whether the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area intersects with one of the triangulated networks on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area is as follows: The top coordinate of the shadow hole is P1 (x1, y1, z1), and the bottom coordinate of the shadow hole is P2 (x2, y2, z2). Then the trajectory equation of the shadow hole is: , and is a parameter; The equation of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed explosion area is: , is the normal vector of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed explosion area, It is an end point of the triangulated network on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area; If the shadow hole trajectory equation is related to the equation of the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area t If there is a solution, it means that the shadow hole trajectory in the upper horizontal area of ​​the previous step blasting area intersects with the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area; If there is no solution, there is no intersection.

4. The step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific process of judging whether the calculated three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection point is inside the triangulated network is as follows: Calculate the area of ​​a triangle S , and then calculate the area of ​​the intersection point and any two vertices of the triangle S 1, S 2, S 3; like , then the intersection point is inside, otherwise it is outside.

5. The step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of determining whether the three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection point is inside the triangulated network also includes the steps of: Calculate the length L of the shadow hole trajectory. The distance between the top coordinate point of the shadow hole and the intersection is L1, and the distance between the bottom coordinate point of the shadow hole and the intersection is L2. If L=L1+L2, determine the three-dimensional coordinate value of the intersection on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area.

6. The step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: When arranging blast holes in batches on the upper horizontal surface of the proposed blasting area, avoiding all the obtained three-dimensional coordinate values ​​of the intersection points, the specific process is: A circle with radius R is formed around each intersection point; If the three-dimensional coordinates of the arranged blastholes are within a circle with a radius of R, it will be prompted that the hole arrangement does not meet the requirements; Re-arrange the holes or change the positions of the blast holes until the distance between all the newly arranged blast holes and the intersection point is greater than R.

7. The step blasting drilling design method for improving the safety of open-pit step blasting drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shadow hole trajectory is an inclined line segment or a vertical line segment.

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