A high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of forging process technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method. The present invention obtains point cloud data of a plurality of points of a blank in a forging area where a single forging is completed, determines whether the single forging of the blank is insufficiently deformed and determines the deformation characteristic area according to the coordinate values ​​of each point in the forging area in a preset direction, calculates an angle fluctuation value through the angle between the normal vector of each rectangular sub-area in the deformation characteristic area and a preset reference vector, so as to determine whether the internal spatial structure of the blank is uniform, selects a forging adjustment mode of the blank according to the angle fluctuation value, and further realizes the analysis of the deformation degree of different areas of the blank during the forging process, and adaptively adjusts the forging mode according to the quantified result of the difference in the deformation degree of the blank, so as to avoid energy waste of blank heating caused by excessive reserved processing allowance, and improves the stability of material forming and the forging heating efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of forging technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency energy-saving forging heating method. Background Art

[0002] Metal material forging is an application scenario that integrates material science, mechanical engineering and automatic control technology. With the increasingly higher process requirements for forging technology for high-precision components and the in-depth application of computer science in various fields, the forging process of metal materials has also been empowered by various new technologies.

[0003] The forging of special materials requires a heating furnace with stable heating temperature and controllable temperature change rate, as well as high-precision forging equipment. As technicians in related fields pay more attention to the forging process, controlling the details in the forging process has become the key to ensuring the quality of forgings. Using feedback parameters in the forging process to analyze the process quality of the billet before forging is a new development direction of current forging technology.

[0004] For example, the Chinese patent publication number: CN116809830A, the invention discloses a forging method of an elliptical ring, belongs to the field of steel forging technology, and provides a forging method of an elliptical ring, wherein the steel ingot is heated to the forging temperature, the steel ingot is upset by the first forging, the steel ingot is stretched to the required size by the second forging, the steel ingot is punched in the center after being upset by the third forging, the steel ingot is expanded, stretched and flattened to the required size by the fourth forging with a mandrel, and the finished elliptical ring is forged by the fifth forging with an upper V and lower flat anvil. The invention can reduce the forging allowance of the elliptical ring, thereby saving the use of raw materials, and achieving cost reduction, efficiency improvement, energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0005] The prior art still has the following problems:

[0006] The existing technology does not take into account that too much reserved processing allowance in actual forging will increase the consumption of raw materials and the energy waste in the heating process, which does not meet the requirements of energy-saving production. It will also affect the uniformity of the internal structure of the blank, the stability of material forming and the forging heating efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0007] To this end, the present invention provides a high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method to overcome the problems in the prior art that the degree of deformation of different areas of the blank during the forging process cannot be analyzed, and the forging method cannot be adaptively adjusted by quantifying the results of the difference in the degree of deformation of the blank.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method, comprising:

[0009] The blank with reserved processing allowance is heated and kept warm by a heating furnace, and the heated and kept warm blank is forged;

[0010] After the hydraulic press completes a single forging of the blank, point cloud data of a plurality of points in the forging area of ​​the single forging are obtained;

[0011] Determining whether the single forging of the blank is insufficiently deformed based on the coordinate values ​​of each point in the forging area in a preset direction, and selecting a number of deformation feature points according to the coordinate values, and determining the area where the deformation feature points are located as the deformation feature area;

[0012] Wherein, the coordinate values ​​are determined based on point cloud data of a number of points in the forging area;

[0013] Dividing the deformation feature area into a plurality of rectangular sub-areas and determining the normal vector of each rectangular sub-area, calculating an angle fluctuation value according to the angle between the normal vectors of the plurality of rectangular sub-areas and a preset reference vector, and determining whether the internal spatial structure of the blank is uniform based on the angle fluctuation value;

[0014] Wherein, the reference vector is a vector perpendicular to the surface of the blank;

[0015] If the internal space structure of the blank is uneven, a forging adjustment method of the blank is selected according to the angle fluctuation value, including:

[0016] Adjusting the time for which the blank is kept warm in the heating furnace;

[0017] Or, adjust the reserved machining allowance of the blank.

[0018] Furthermore, the process of determining the coordinate values ​​of each point in the forging area in a preset direction includes:

[0019] Based on the point cloud data of several points in the forging area, the coordinate value of each point in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the blank is determined.

[0020] Further, the process of determining whether the single forging of the blank is insufficiently deformed includes:

[0021] Determine a maximum coordinate value and a minimum coordinate value based on the coordinate values ​​of several points in the forging area, determine the difference between the maximum coordinate value and the minimum coordinate value as a coordinate difference value, and compare the coordinate difference value with a preset coordinate difference value reference value;

[0022] If the coordinate difference is less than the coordinate difference reference value, it is determined that the single forging deformation of the blank is insufficient.

[0023] Furthermore, the process of screening a number of deformation feature points includes:

[0024] Determine the distance between each point and the surface of the blank in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the blank based on the coordinate values ​​of the points in the forging area, and compare the distance with a preset distance reference value;

[0025] If the distance is less than the distance reference value, the point corresponding to the distance is selected as a deformation feature point;

[0026] Wherein, the distance reference value is determined based on the coordinate difference value.

[0027] Furthermore, the process of determining the deformation feature area includes:

[0028] Taking the deformation feature point as the center of the quadrilateral, determining a quadrilateral area with a preset side length;

[0029] An area composed of quadrilateral areas corresponding to a number of deformation feature points is determined as the deformation feature area.

[0030] Furthermore, the process of determining the normal vector of each rectangular sub-region includes:

[0031] Determine the vertices of each rectangular sub-region;

[0032] Determine a diagonal line of the rectangular sub-region according to the vertices of the rectangular sub-region, and divide the rectangular sub-region into a first sub-region and a second sub-region based on the diagonal line;

[0033] Determine the normal vector of the first sub-region as a first normal vector, and determine the normal vector of the second sub-region as a second normal vector;

[0034] A vector obtained by adding the first normal vector and the second normal vector is determined as the normal vector of the rectangular sub-region.

[0035] Furthermore, the process of calculating the angle fluctuation value includes:

[0036] The angle between the normal vector of each rectangular sub-region and a preset reference vector is obtained, the standard deviation of the angles between the normal vectors of a plurality of rectangular sub-regions and the preset reference vector is calculated, and the standard deviation is determined as the angle fluctuation value.

[0037] Furthermore, the process of determining whether the internal spatial structure of the blank is uniform includes:

[0038] Comparing the angle fluctuation value with a preset angle fluctuation value threshold;

[0039] If the angle fluctuation value is greater than the angle fluctuation value threshold, it is determined that the internal space structure of the blank is uneven.

[0040] Further, the process of selecting the forging adjustment method of the billet includes:

[0041] Comparing the angle fluctuation value with a preset angle fluctuation value reference value;

[0042] If the angle fluctuation value is less than or equal to the angle fluctuation value reference value, the forging adjustment method of the blank is selected to be adjusting the time for which the blank is kept warm in the heating furnace;

[0043] If the angle fluctuation value is greater than the angle fluctuation value reference value, the forging adjustment method of the blank is selected to adjust the reserved machining allowance of the blank.

[0044] Furthermore, the time for which the blank is kept warm in the heating furnace is positively correlated with the angle fluctuation value, and the reserved machining allowance of the blank is negatively correlated with the angle fluctuation value.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention lies in that, by acquiring point cloud data of several points in a forging area of ​​a billet obtained by melting and heating a metal raw material and completing a single forging, the present invention determines whether the single forging of the billet is insufficiently deformed according to the coordinate values ​​of each point in the forging area in a preset direction and screens several deformation feature points, and determines the area where the deformation feature points are located as the deformation feature area, by determining the normal vectors of each rectangular sub-area of ​​the deformation feature area, and calculating the angle fluctuation value according to the angle between the normal vectors of several rectangular sub-areas and a preset reference vector, so as to determine whether the internal spatial structure of the billet is uniform, and selecting the forging adjustment method of the billet according to the angle fluctuation value, thereby realizing the analysis of the deformation degree of different areas of the billet during the forging process, and adaptively adjusting the forging method according to the quantified results of the difference in the deformation degree of the billet, avoiding the waste of energy consumption of billet heating caused by the reserved excessive processing allowance, and improving the stability of material forming and the forging heating efficiency.

[0046] In particular, the present invention determines whether the single forging of the billet is insufficiently deformed based on the coordinate values ​​of each point in the forging area in a preset direction. Those skilled in the art will understand that, in the process of forging the billet on the billet surface using a hydraulic press, there will be obvious differences between the coordinate values ​​of each point in the area where the hydraulic press contacts the billet in a direction perpendicular to the billet surface and the coordinate values ​​of the points on the billet surface. The present invention can determine the deformation of the billet in a direction perpendicular to the billet surface when forged by the hydraulic press by obtaining the difference in coordinate values ​​of the points in the forging area in a direction perpendicular to the billet surface. If the difference in coordinate values ​​is less than a preset value, it indicates that the deformation of the billet is insufficient, thereby realizing the analysis of the degree of deformation of the billet during the forging process.

[0047] In particular, the present invention screens a number of deformation feature points and determines the area where the deformation feature points are located as the deformation feature area. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that, during the process of forging the billet by the hydraulic press, the edge area where the hydraulic press contacts the billet will undergo different degrees of deformation due to the downward pressure of the hydraulic press, and the size of the coordinate value of the point in the edge area in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the billet is between the coordinate value of the point in the contact area between the hydraulic press and the billet and the coordinate value of the point on the billet surface. Therefore, the deformation feature points at the edge position where the hydraulic press contacts the billet can be screened according to the size characteristics of the coordinate values, and the areas with different degrees of deformation can be determined as the deformation feature areas, thereby realizing the analysis of the deformation degree of different areas of the billet during the forging process.

[0048] In particular, the present invention calculates the angle fluctuation value through the angle between the normal vector of each rectangular sub-region in the deformation feature area and a preset reference vector to determine whether the internal space structure of the blank is uniform. Those skilled in the art will understand that excessive reserved processing allowances may cause differences in deformation of each sub-region in the deformation feature area. The present invention characterizes the degree of deformation of each sub-region in the deformation feature area by determining the angle between the normal vector of each rectangular sub-region and the preset reference vector. The larger the angle between the normal vector of the rectangular sub-region and the preset reference vector, the more obvious the deformation of the rectangular sub-region; the smaller the angle between the normal vector of the rectangular sub-region and the preset reference vector, the more the deformation of the rectangular sub-region is affected by the saturation of the internal space, resulting in only slight deformation. Furthermore, the difference in the degree of deformation of the blank is intuitively quantified through representative data.

[0049] In particular, in the present invention, when the difference in deformation of each sub-region within the deformation characteristic region is small due to reserved processing allowance, the temperature inside the billet can be made more uniform by extending the insulation time of the billet in the heating furnace. In particular, for large or complex-shaped billets, extending the insulation time is helpful to fully transfer heat, reduce temperature differences, and thus reduce thermal stress, avoiding the problem of uneven deformation in subsequent forging processes. Similarly, extending the insulation time can make the phase change sufficient, thereby obtaining uniform internal structural performance, so that billets with more reserved processing allowances can avoid uneven internal structural performance caused by insufficient heating of the internal structure under sufficient insulation time. Furthermore, the forging method is adaptively adjusted according to the quantified results of the difference in the degree of deformation of the billet, avoiding energy waste in billet heating caused by excessive reserved processing allowances, and improving the stability of material forming and the forging heating efficiency.

[0050] In particular, when the deformation of each sub-region within the deformation characteristic region is greatly different due to the reserved processing allowance, the present invention can avoid uneven heat distribution during heating and uneven stress distribution during forging by reducing the reserved processing allowance of the billet, avoid uneven internal spatial structure of local areas and differences in local deformation, and further, achieve adaptive adjustment of the forging method based on the quantified results of the difference in the degree of deformation of the billet, avoid energy waste in billet heating caused by excessive reserved processing allowance, and improve the stability of material forming and forging heating efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 This is a step diagram of a high-efficiency energy-saving forging heating method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 A diagram showing the steps of determining the normal vectors of each rectangular sub-region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a first sub-region and a second sub-region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 4 A logic flow chart for selecting a forging adjustment method for the blank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] In the figure, 1: first sub-region, 2: second sub-region. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0057] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0058] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0059] See also Figure 1 As shown, it is a step diagram of a high-efficiency energy-saving forging heating method according to an embodiment of the present invention. A high-efficiency energy-saving forging heating method according to the present invention comprises:

[0060] Step S100, heating and keeping the blank with reserved machining allowance in a heating furnace, and forging the blank after heating and keeping the temperature;

[0061] Step S200, after the hydraulic press completes a single forging of the billet, obtaining point cloud data of a plurality of points within the forging area of ​​the single forging;

[0062] Step S300, determining whether the single forging of the billet is insufficiently deformed based on the coordinate values ​​of each point in the forging area in a preset direction, and selecting a number of deformation feature points according to the coordinate values, and determining the area where the deformation feature points are located as the deformation feature area;

[0063] Wherein, the coordinate values ​​are determined based on point cloud data of a number of points in the forging area;

[0064] Step S400, dividing the deformation feature area into a plurality of rectangular sub-areas and determining the normal vector of each rectangular sub-area, calculating the angle fluctuation value according to the angle between the normal vectors of the plurality of rectangular sub-areas and a preset reference vector, and judging whether the internal spatial structure of the blank is uniform based on the angle fluctuation value;

[0065] Wherein, the reference vector is a vector perpendicular to the surface of the blank;

[0066] Step S500, if the internal space structure of the blank is uneven, selecting a forging adjustment method for the blank according to the angle fluctuation value, including:

[0067] Adjusting the time for which the blank is kept warm in the heating furnace;

[0068] Or, adjust the reserved machining allowance of the blank.

[0069] Specifically, the present invention does not limit the specific structure of the heating furnace. Preferably, a natural gas heating furnace can be used to heat and keep the billet warm. The natural gas heating furnace is a commonly used equipment in the forging field. This is a prior art and will not be described here.

[0070] Specifically, the present invention does not limit the specific structure of the hydraulic press. The hydraulic press presses the hydraulic oil through a hydraulic pump and then delivers it to the working cylinder to push the cylinder piston to generate huge pressure to achieve forging processing of the billet. The hydraulic press is a commonly used equipment in the forging processing field and will not be described in detail here.

[0071] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the forging area where the hydraulic press performs a single forging on the blank is the area where the hydraulic press contacts the blank.

[0072] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, point cloud data of several points within the forging area of ​​a single forging can be obtained by a laser scanner. The point cloud data of the surface of the area determined by a laser scanner is widely used in fields such as material repair and industrial inspection, and will not be elaborated here.

[0073] Specifically, the process of determining the coordinate values ​​of each point in the forging area in a preset direction includes:

[0074] Based on the point cloud data of several points in the forging area, the coordinate value of each point in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the blank is determined.

[0075] Specifically, the process of determining whether the single forging of the blank is insufficiently deformed includes:

[0076] Determine the maximum coordinate value Z based on the coordinate values ​​of several points in the forging area max And the minimum coordinate value Z min , the maximum coordinate value Z max With the minimum coordinate value Z min The difference is determined as the coordinate difference Z c , Z c =Z max -Z min , the coordinate difference Z c The coordinate difference with the preset reference value Z c0 Make a comparison;

[0077] If the coordinate difference Z c Greater than or equal to the coordinate difference reference value Z c0 , it is determined that the single forging deformation of the billet is sufficient;

[0078] If the coordinate difference Z c Less than the coordinate difference reference value Z c0 , it is determined that the single forging deformation of the billet is insufficient.

[0079] Preferably, the coordinate difference reference value Z c0 Based on the pre-test calculation, the coordinate difference of several points in the forging area after the hydraulic press performs a single forging on the billet under the same working conditions is pre-tested, and the average coordinate difference is calculated based on the coordinate difference of several points, and the average coordinate difference is determined as the coordinate difference reference value Z c0 .

[0080] Specifically, the present invention determines whether the single forging of the billet is insufficiently deformed based on the coordinate values ​​of each point in the forging area in a preset direction. Those skilled in the art will understand that, in the process of forging the billet on the billet surface using a hydraulic press, there will be obvious differences between the coordinate values ​​of each point in the area where the hydraulic press contacts the billet in a direction perpendicular to the billet surface and the coordinate values ​​of the points on the billet surface. The present invention can determine the deformation of the billet in a direction perpendicular to the billet surface when forged by the hydraulic press by obtaining the difference in coordinate values ​​of the points in the forging area in a direction perpendicular to the billet surface. If the difference in coordinate values ​​is less than a preset value, it indicates that the deformation of the billet is insufficient, thereby realizing the analysis of the degree of deformation of the billet during the forging process.

[0081] Specifically, the process of screening several deformation feature points includes:

[0082] Determine the distance between each point and the surface of the blank in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the blank based on the coordinate values ​​of the points in the forging area, and compare the distance with a preset distance reference value;

[0083] If the distance is greater than or equal to the distance reference value, determining that the point corresponding to the distance is not a deformation feature point;

[0084] If the distance is less than the distance reference value, the point corresponding to the distance is selected as a deformation feature point;

[0085] Wherein, the distance reference value D is based on the coordinate difference value Z c Determine, distance reference value D = λ × Z c , λ is the distance reference value factor, and the value range of λ is [0.8, 0.85];

[0086] Preferably, the distance may be determined as a difference between the coordinate values ​​of a plurality of points in the forging area and the coordinate values ​​of a point on the surface of the blank.

[0087] Specifically, the process of determining the deformation feature area includes:

[0088] Taking the deformation feature point as the center of the quadrilateral, determining a quadrilateral area with a preset side length;

[0089] An area composed of quadrilateral areas corresponding to a number of deformation feature points is determined as the deformation feature area.

[0090] The preset side length of the quadrilateral area can be set by those skilled in the art according to the detection accuracy requirements. Preferably, the preset side length D 1 It can be determined according to the size of the contact surface between the hydraulic press and the blank, D 1=γ×L, γ is the side length factor, λ is in the range of [0.01, 0.02], and L is the maximum size of the contact surface between the hydraulic press and the blank. For example, if the contact surface between the hydraulic press and the blank is a quadrilateral, then L is the average of the length and width of the quadrilateral; if the contact surface between the hydraulic press and the blank is a circle, then L is the diameter of the circle.

[0091] Specifically, the present invention screens a number of deformation feature points and determines the area where the deformation feature points are located as the deformation feature area. Those skilled in the art can understand that, in the process of forging the billet by the hydraulic press, the edge area where the hydraulic press contacts the billet will undergo different degrees of deformation due to the downward pressure of the hydraulic press, and the size of the coordinate value of the point in the edge area in the direction perpendicular to the billet surface is between the coordinate value of the point in the contact area between the hydraulic press and the billet and the coordinate value of the point on the billet surface. Therefore, the deformation feature points at the edge position where the hydraulic press contacts the billet can be screened according to the size characteristics of the coordinate values, and the areas with different degrees of deformation can be determined as the deformation feature areas, thereby achieving effective analysis of the deformation degree of different areas of the billet during the forging process.

[0092] Specifically, see Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 A diagram showing the steps of determining the normal vectors of each rectangular sub-region according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first sub-region and the second sub-region in an embodiment of the present invention. The process of determining the normal vector of each rectangular sub-region includes:

[0093] Step S401, determining the vertices of each rectangular sub-area, vertex a, vertex b, vertex c and vertex d;

[0094] Step S402, determining a diagonal line ac of the rectangular sub-region according to vertices a, b, c and d of the rectangular sub-region, and dividing the rectangular sub-region into a first sub-region 1 and a second sub-region 2 based on the diagonal line ac;

[0095] Step S403, determining the normal vector of the first sub-region 1 as a first normal vector, and determining the normal vector of the second sub-region 2 as a second normal vector;

[0096] Step S404: Determine a vector obtained by adding the first normal vector and the second normal vector as the normal vector of the rectangular sub-region.

[0097] Specifically, the process of calculating the angle fluctuation value includes:

[0098] The angle between the normal vector of each rectangular sub-region and a preset reference vector is obtained, the standard deviation of the angles between the normal vectors of a plurality of rectangular sub-regions and the preset reference vector is calculated, and the standard deviation is determined as the angle fluctuation value.

[0099] Specifically, the process of determining whether the internal spatial structure of the blank is uniform includes:

[0100] The angle fluctuation value Δθ is compared with the preset angle fluctuation value threshold Δθ. 0 Make a comparison;

[0101] If the angle fluctuation value Δθ is less than or equal to the angle fluctuation value threshold Δθ 0 , it is determined that the structure of the internal space of the blank is uniform;

[0102] If the angle fluctuation value Δθ is greater than the angle fluctuation value threshold Δθ 0 , it is determined that the internal space structure of the blank is uneven.

[0103] Preferably, the angle fluctuation value threshold Δθ 0 Based on the pre-test calculation, the angle between the normal vector of each rectangular sub-area in the forging area and the preset reference vector after the hydraulic press performs a single forging on the billet under the same working conditions is pre-determined, and the angle average is calculated according to the angle between the normal vector of several rectangular sub-areas and the preset reference vector, and the angle average is determined as the angle fluctuation value threshold Δθ 0 .

[0104] Specifically, the present invention calculates the angle fluctuation value through the angle between the normal vector of each rectangular sub-region in the deformation feature area and a preset reference vector to determine whether the internal space structure of the blank is uniform. Those skilled in the art will understand that excessive reserved processing allowances may cause differences in deformation of each sub-region in the deformation feature area. The present invention characterizes the degree of deformation of each sub-region in the deformation feature area by determining the angle between the normal vector of each rectangular sub-region and the preset reference vector. The larger the angle between the normal vector of the rectangular sub-region and the preset reference vector, the more obvious the deformation of the rectangular sub-region; the smaller the angle between the normal vector of the rectangular sub-region and the preset reference vector, the more the rectangular sub-region is affected by the internal space saturation and only produces a slight deformation. Furthermore, the difference in the degree of deformation of the blank is intuitively quantified through representative data.

[0105] Specifically, see Figure 4 As shown, it is a logic flow chart of selecting the forging adjustment method of the billet in an embodiment of the present invention. The process of selecting the forging adjustment method of the billet includes:

[0106] The angle fluctuation value Δθ is compared with the preset angle fluctuation value reference value Δθ. 1 Make a comparison;

[0107] If the angle fluctuation value Δθ is less than or equal to the angle fluctuation reference value Δθ1 , then the forging adjustment method of the blank is selected to adjust the time for which the blank is kept warm in the heating furnace;

[0108] If the angle fluctuation value Δθ is greater than the angle fluctuation reference value Δθ 1 , then the forging adjustment method of the blank is selected to adjust the reserved processing allowance of the blank.

[0109] Preferably, the angle fluctuation reference value Δθ 1 The value range is [1.08×Δθ 0 ,1.12×Δθ 0 ].

[0110] Specifically, the time for which the blank is kept warm in the heating furnace is positively correlated with the angle fluctuation value Δθ, and the reserved machining allowance of the blank is negatively correlated with the angle fluctuation value Δθ.

[0111] Specifically, in the present invention, when the difference in deformation of each sub-region within the deformation characteristic region is small due to reserved processing allowance, the temperature inside the billet can be made more uniform by extending the insulation time of the billet in the heating furnace. In particular, for large billets or billets with complex shapes, extending the insulation time is conducive to sufficient heat transfer, reducing temperature differences, thereby reducing thermal stress and avoiding the problem of uneven deformation in subsequent forging processes. Similarly, extending the insulation time can make the phase change sufficient, thereby obtaining uniform internal structural performance, so that billets with more reserved processing allowances can avoid uneven internal structural performance caused by insufficient heating of the internal structure under sufficient insulation time. Furthermore, the forging method is adaptively adjusted according to the quantified results of the difference in the degree of deformation of the billet, thereby avoiding energy waste in billet heating caused by excessive reserved processing allowances, and improving the stability of material forming and the forging heating efficiency.

[0112] Specifically, the present invention can avoid uneven heat distribution during heating and uneven stress distribution during forging by reducing the reserved machining allowance of the blank, when there is a large difference in deformation of each sub-region within the deformation feature region due to the reserved machining allowance, avoid uneven internal spatial structure of the local region and differences in local deformation, and further, adaptively adjust the forging method based on the quantified results of the difference in the degree of deformation of the blank, avoid energy waste in heating the blank due to excessive reserved machining allowance, and improve the stability of material forming and the forging heating efficiency.

[0113] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0114] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method, characterized in that: include: The blank with reserved processing allowance is heated and kept warm by a heating furnace, and the heated and kept warm blank is forged; After the hydraulic press completes a single forging of the blank, point cloud data of a plurality of points in the forging area of ​​the single forging are obtained; Determining whether the single forging of the blank is insufficiently deformed based on the coordinate values ​​of each point in the forging area in a preset direction, and selecting a number of deformation feature points according to the coordinate values, and determining the area where the deformation feature points are located as the deformation feature area; Wherein, the coordinate values ​​are determined based on point cloud data of a number of points in the forging area; Dividing the deformation feature area into a plurality of rectangular sub-areas and determining the normal vector of each rectangular sub-area, calculating an angle fluctuation value according to the angle between the normal vectors of the plurality of rectangular sub-areas and a preset reference vector, and determining whether the internal spatial structure of the blank is uniform based on the angle fluctuation value; Wherein, the reference vector is a vector perpendicular to the surface of the blank; If the internal space structure of the blank is uneven, a forging adjustment method of the blank is selected according to the angle fluctuation value, including: Adjusting the time for which the blank is kept warm in the heating furnace; Or, adjust the reserved machining allowance of the blank.

2. The high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of determining the coordinate values ​​of each point in the forging area in a preset direction includes: Based on the point cloud data of several points in the forging area, the coordinate value of each point in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the blank is determined.

3. The high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The process of determining whether the single forging of the blank is insufficiently deformed includes: Determine a maximum coordinate value and a minimum coordinate value based on the coordinate values ​​of several points in the forging area, determine the difference between the maximum coordinate value and the minimum coordinate value as a coordinate difference value, and compare the coordinate difference value with a preset coordinate difference value reference value; If the coordinate difference is less than the coordinate difference reference value, it is determined that the single forging deformation of the blank is insufficient.

4. The high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The process of screening several deformation feature points includes: Determine the distance between each point and the surface of the blank in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the blank based on the coordinate values ​​of the points in the forging area, and compare the distance with a preset distance reference value; If the distance is less than the distance reference value, the point corresponding to the distance is selected as a deformation feature point; Wherein, the distance reference value is determined based on the coordinate difference value.

5. The high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of determining the deformation feature area includes: Taking the deformation feature point as the center of the quadrilateral, determining a quadrilateral area with a preset side length; An area composed of quadrilateral areas corresponding to a number of deformation feature points is determined as the deformation feature area.

6. The high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of determining the normal vector of each rectangular sub-region includes: Determine the vertices of each rectangular sub-region; Determine a diagonal line of the rectangular sub-region according to the vertices of the rectangular sub-region, and divide the rectangular sub-region into a first sub-region and a second sub-region based on the diagonal line; Determine the normal vector of the first sub-region as a first normal vector, and determine the normal vector of the second sub-region as a second normal vector; A vector obtained by adding the first normal vector and the second normal vector is determined as the normal vector of the rectangular sub-region.

7. The high-efficiency energy-saving forging heating method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of calculating the angle fluctuation value includes: The angle between the normal vector of each rectangular sub-region and a preset reference vector is obtained, the standard deviation of the angles between the normal vectors of a plurality of rectangular sub-regions and the preset reference vector is calculated, and the standard deviation is determined as the angle fluctuation value.

8. The high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of determining whether the internal spatial structure of the blank is uniform includes: Comparing the angle fluctuation value with a preset angle fluctuation value threshold; If the angle fluctuation value is greater than the angle fluctuation value threshold, it is determined that the internal space structure of the blank is uneven.

9. The high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of selecting the forging adjustment method of the billet includes: Comparing the angle fluctuation value with a preset angle fluctuation value reference value; If the angle fluctuation value is less than or equal to the angle fluctuation value reference value, the forging adjustment method of the blank is selected to be adjusting the time for which the blank is kept warm in the heating furnace; If the angle fluctuation value is greater than the angle fluctuation value reference value, the forging adjustment method of the blank is selected to adjust the reserved machining allowance of the blank.

10. The high-efficiency and energy-saving forging heating method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The time period for which the blank is kept warm in the heating furnace is positively correlated with the angle fluctuation value, and the reserved machining allowance of the blank is negatively correlated with the angle fluctuation value.

Images