A water-based lubricating additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a lubricating liquid

Abstract

The application provides a water-based lubricating additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a lubricating liquid. The preparation method of the water-based lubricating additive comprises the following steps: mixing and uniformly dispersing a water dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite and an ionic liquid, and performing intercalation modification to obtain the water-based lubricating additive. The sodium-based montmorillonite is intercalation modified by using a functional ionic liquid, wherein the intercalation modification treatment can weaken the interlayer force of the sodium-based montmorillonite, and is beneficial to improving the lubricating performance of the montmorillonite. The preparation method provided by the application is simple in operation, low in cost, easy to clean, and good in repeatability. The water-based lubricating additive obtained by the method is prepared into a lubricating liquid, the lubricating liquid has excellent friction reduction and wear resistance, a small amount of the water-based lubricating additive can obviously reduce the friction coefficient, and the lubricating additive can meet the requirements of various application scenarios and can be prepared in large quantities and rapidly.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of lubricating additives, and particularly relates to a water-based lubricating additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a lubricating liquid. BACKGROUND

[0002] The water-based lubricant is an important material widely used in the fields of mechanical processing, metal cutting, mechanical transmission and biological lubrication, which is made of mineral oil, synthetic hydrocarbon and animal and plant oil and can be truly dissolved in water. The water-based lubricant has low manufacturing and using costs and strong renewability. Meanwhile, the water-based lubricant has a low friction coefficient and can reduce the wear of machine parts. Moreover, the water-based lubricant is an environmentally friendly lubricant with the characteristics of easy degradation and no pollution to the environment.

[0003] However, the lubricating performance of the water-based lubricant is lower than that of oil because of its low surface tension and poor viscosity. It is difficult to form an effective lubricating film even at low speed, and it is usually accompanied by strong corrosion of the friction surface. Based on this, researchers in the field have studied the addition of various functional water-soluble lubricating additives to improve the tribological performance, such as the temperature-sensitive microgel containing graphene disclosed in Chinese Patent CN113061477A, the water-based cetyl alcohol lubricant disclosed in Chinese Patent CN103897794A, and the carbon-based lubricating additive. However, the manufacturing process of the currently reported functional water-soluble lubricating additive often needs expensive devices or harsh conditions. For example, in the synthesis method of the carbon-based lubricating additive, most of the traditional carbon-based lubricating additives use commercial or self-made graphene powder or suspension. The manufacturing cost of graphene is high, and the synthesis process is also complex, which limits its wide application in the industrial field. SUMMARY

[0004] The application aims to provide a water-based lubricating additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a lubricating liquid. The preparation method provided by the application is simple in operation, low in cost, easy to clean, and good in repeatability. The water-based lubricating additive obtained therefrom is prepared into a lubricating liquid, and the lubricating liquid has excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear capacity.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the application provides the following technical solutions.

[0006] The application provides a preparation method of a water-based lubricating additive, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The water dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite and the ionic liquid are mixed to perform intercalation modification, so as to obtain the water-based lubricating additive. The mass fraction of the water dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite is 1-3 wt%.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the sodium-based montmorillonite comprises the following steps:

[0009] The calcium-based montmorillonite, sodium carbonate and water are mixed to carry out ion exchange reaction to obtain the sodium-based montmorillonite.

[0010] Preferably, the particle size of the calcium-based montmorillonite is 300-350 mesh, and the cation exchange capacity is 100-200 mmol / 100g; the mass ratio of the sodium carbonate to the calcium-based montmorillonite is 9-15:120-180.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature of the ion exchange reaction is 20-35℃, and the time is 20-30h.

[0012] Preferably, the ionic liquid comprises at least one of triisopropanolamine type ionic liquid, triethanolamine type ionic liquid, ricinoleic acid type ionic liquid and eicosanoic acid type ionic liquid.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature of the intercalation modification is 40-80℃, and the time is 20-30h.

[0014] The application provides a water-based lubricating additive prepared by the preparation method.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of the ionic liquid to the sodium-based montmorillonite in the water-based lubricating additive is 1:4-8.

[0016] The application provides an application of the water-based lubricating additive in a lubricating liquid.

[0017] The application provides a lubricating liquid comprising the water-based lubricating additive; and the mass fraction of the water-based lubricating additive in the lubricating liquid is 0.05-0.5wt%.

[0018] The application provides a preparation method of a water-based lubricating additive, comprising the following steps: mixing a water dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite and an ionic liquid, and performing intercalation modification to obtain the water-based lubricating additive; the mass fraction of the water dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite is 1-3 wt%. In the application, the sodium-based montmorillonite, as a layered silicate mineral, has good lubricating performance, can be used as a basic lubricating component of the water-based lubricating additive, and provides necessary lubricating effect; meanwhile, the sodium-based montmorillonite has good stability, unique layered nanostructure and cation exchange characteristics, which enable the sodium-based montmorillonite to effectively stabilize the water-based lubricating system and prevent the water-based lubricating additive from delaminating or precipitating during use. In the application, the intercalation modification can promote uniform dispersion of the sodium-based montmorillonite in the system, and also can weaken the interlayer force of the sodium-based montmorillonite, which is helpful to improving the lubricating performance of the sodium-based montmorillonite. The preparation method has the advantages of simple operation, easy cleaning, low cost, good repeatability, and no need of reagents such as acid and alkali for synthesis. The water-based lubricating additive obtained by the method is used to prepare a lubricating liquid, and the lubricating liquid has excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear capacity, is green and non-polluting, and has no harm to the skin, and can meet the demand for lubricating additives in various application scenarios and large-batch rapid preparation. In the examples, the lubricating liquid containing the water-based lubricating additive is subjected to tribological performance test, and the results show that a small amount of the water-based lubricating additive can significantly reduce the friction coefficient.

[0019] Further, the sodium-based montmorillonite is obtained by mixing calcium-based montmorillonite, sodium carbonate and water to perform ion exchange reaction. In the application, the montmorillonite has the advantages of low cost, comprehensive function and non-pollution in use, and the use of the montmorillonite to prepare the water-based lubricating additive can reduce cost, reduce pollution and damage to the environment, and meet the requirements of green production and environmental protection. Meanwhile, the sodium-based montmorillonite has small particle size, weak interlayer bonding force and material exchange with the friction pair, so as to achieve excellent tribological performance. When the water-based lubricating additive containing the sodium-based montmorillonite is added to the lubricating liquid, the sodium-based montmorillonite can be dispersed on the contact surfaces of each friction pair with the lubricating liquid, and under the action of friction mechanics, friction chemistry and friction electrochemistry, the sodium-based montmorillonite molecules are deposited, crystallized, penetrated and spread into a film on the surface of the friction pair, and form eutectic with the microscopic particles of the metal surface, fill the microscopic grooves on the surface, and form a "non-sacrificial" protective film, so as to have good friction-reducing and anti-wear effect, and can form a certain compensation and repair effect on wear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 A photograph of the water-based lubricant additive water dispersion obtained in Application Example 1 to 4;

[0022] Figure 2 A photograph of the sodium-based montmorillonite water dispersion obtained in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 3 A photograph of the pure water, the sodium-based montmorillonite water dispersion, and the water-based lubricant additive water dispersion obtained in Application Example 1 to 4 before and after standing for 72 hours;

[0024] Figure 4 A graph of the friction coefficient data of the ILl-MMT water dispersion obtained in Application Example 1;

[0025] Figure 5 A graph of the friction coefficient data of the IL2-MMT water dispersion obtained in Application Example 2;

[0026] Figure 6 A graph of the friction coefficient data of the IL3-MMT water dispersion obtained in Application Example 3;

[0027] Figure 7 A graph of the friction coefficient data of the IL4-MMT water dispersion obtained in Application Example 4;

[0028] Figure 8 A three-dimensional friction and wear profile of a sample of the sodium-based montmorillonite water dispersion;

[0029] Figure 9 A three-dimensional friction and wear profile of a sample to which the ILl-MMT water dispersion is added;

[0030] Figure 10 A three-dimensional friction and wear profile of a sample to which the IL2-MMT water dispersion is added;

[0031] Figure 11 A three-dimensional friction and wear profile of a sample to which the IL3-MMT water dispersion is added;

[0032] Figure 12 A three-dimensional friction and wear profile of a sample to which the IL4-MMT water dispersion is added;

[0033] Figure 13 A graph of the wear rate data of the water-based lubricant additive water dispersion obtained in Application Example 1 to 4 and the sodium-based montmorillonite water dispersion;

[0034] Figure 14 A graph of the infrared data analysis of ILl-MMT obtained in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 15 A graph of the infrared data analysis of IL2-MMT obtained in Example 2;

[0036] Figure 16 Infrared data analysis chart of IL3-MMT obtained in Example 3;

[0037] Figure 17 Infrared data analysis chart of IL4-MMT obtained in Example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The application provides a preparation method of a water-based lubricating additive, comprising the following steps:

[0039] The water dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite and the ionic liquid are mixed to perform intercalation modification, so that the water-based lubricating additive is obtained; the mass fraction of the water dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite is 1-3 wt%.

[0040] In the application, if no special description is given, the raw materials used are all commercially available goods known to those skilled in the art or are prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0041] In the application, the preparation method of the sodium-based montmorillonite preferably comprises the following steps: the calcium-based montmorillonite, sodium carbonate and water are mixed to perform ion exchange reaction, so that the sodium-based montmorillonite is obtained.

[0042] In the application, the particle size of the calcium-based montmorillonite is preferably 300-350 mesh, and more preferably 325 mesh; the cation exchange capacity is preferably 100-120 mmol / 100g, and more preferably 110.45 mmol / 100g. The purity of the montmorillonite used in the examples of the application is 90%, the particle size is 325 mesh, and the cation exchange capacity is 110.45 mmol / 100g.

[0043] In the application, the mass ratio of the sodium carbonate to the calcium-based montmorillonite is preferably 9-15:120-180, and more preferably 11-13:140-160.

[0044] In the application, the calcium-based montmorillonite is mixed with water, and the calcium-based montmorillonite is uniformly dispersed in water by stirring, so that a montmorillonite dispersion is obtained; the montmorillonite dispersion is mixed with a sodium carbonate aqueous solution to perform ion exchange reaction.

[0045] In the application, the mass ratio of the calcium-based montmorillonite to water is preferably 1-3:6-20, and more preferably 1-3:6-10. In the application, the calcium-based montmorillonite with the above specifications can ensure that the water-based lubricating additive has optimal friction-reducing and anti-wear properties.

[0046] In the application, the concentration of the sodium carbonate aqueous solution is preferably 10-15 wt%, and specifically can be 11 wt%, 12 wt% or 13 wt%.

[0047] The ion exchange reaction of the present application preferably has a temperature of 20-35℃, more preferably 20-25℃; a time of 20-30h, more preferably 24h; and a pressure of 0.1-0.5MPa, more preferably 0.1MPa. The ion exchange reaction of the present application is preferably carried out under conditions of alternating stirring and standing. In the present application, the stirring preferably has a rate of 800-1200rpm, more preferably 1000rpm; each time of stirring preferably has a time of 20-60min, more preferably 25-40min; and each time of standing preferably has a time of 3-5h, specifically 3h, 4h or 5h. The stirring of the present application is preferably magnetic stirring. The ion exchange reaction under the above conditions of the present application can ensure sufficient sodiumization of the montmorillonite, improve the cation exchange capacity and ion exchange rate of the montmorillonite, optimize the effect of layer peeling, and make the montmorillonite have good swelling and ion exchange properties.

[0048] After the ion exchange reaction, the present application preferably subjects the obtained slurry to ball milling, mixes the obtained ball-milled slurry with water, and then carries out centrifugation to collect the supernatant, thereby obtaining an aqueous dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite. In the present application, the concentration of the slurry before ball milling is preferably 10-20wt%, more preferably 15wt%. The ball milling of the present application preferably has a rotation speed of 500-700rpm, more preferably 550-650rpm; and a time of 11-13h, more preferably 12h. The centrifugation of the present application preferably has a rotation speed of 1000-3000rpm, more preferably 2000rpm. In the present application, the particle size of the sodium-based montmorillonite in the aqueous dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite is preferably 10-200mesh; and the concentration of the sodium-based montmorillonite in the aqueous dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite is 1-3wt%, preferably 2wt%.

[0049] The ionic liquid of the present application preferably includes at least one of triisopropanolamine type ionic liquid, triethanolamine type ionic liquid, ricinoleic acid type ionic liquid and eicosanoic acid type ionic liquid, more preferably triisopropanolamine type ionic liquid, triethanolamine type ionic liquid, ricinoleic acid type ionic liquid or eicosanoic acid type ionic liquid.

[0050] In the present application, the triisopropanolamine type ionic liquid is preferably triisopropanolamine ionic liquid (IL1), which is preferably prepared with reference to Chinese patent CN116574555A.

[0051] In the present application, the triethanolamine type ionic liquid is preferably triethanolamine ionic liquid (IL2), which is preferably prepared with reference to Chinese patent CN116143829A.

[0052] In the present application, the ricinoleic acid type ionic liquid is preferably a ricinoleic acid ionic liquid (IL3), which is preferably prepared according to the literature with DOI: 10.1007 / s11249-023-01775-8.

[0053] In the present application, the eicosanoic acid type ionic liquid is preferably an eicosanoic acid ionic liquid (IL4), which is preferably prepared according to the literature with DOI: 10.1007 / s11249-023-01775-8.

[0054] After obtaining the aqueous dispersion of the sodium-based montmorillonite, the present application mixes the aqueous dispersion of the sodium-based montmorillonite and the ionic liquid to perform intercalation modification to obtain the water-based lubricating additive.

[0055] In the present application, the mass ratio of the ionic liquid to the sodium-based montmorillonite is preferably 4-6:3-5, and more preferably 5:4. The present application uses the ionic liquid and the sodium-based montmorillonite in the above ratio to fully intercalate and modify the sodium-based montmorillonite.

[0056] The present application preferably disperses the aqueous dispersion of the sodium-based montmorillonite under the condition of the first ultrasonic, then adds the ionic liquid into the aqueous dispersion of the sodium-based montmorillonite under the condition of the second ultrasonic and the first stirring, continues to disperse under the condition of the second ultrasonic and the first stirring after the ionic liquid is added completely, and then performs intercalation modification under the condition of the second stirring.

[0057] In the present application, the power of the first ultrasonic is preferably 200-300 W, and more preferably 250 W; the temperature of the first ultrasonic is preferably 20-25℃, and more preferably 22-25℃; and the time is preferably 5-15 min, and more preferably 10 min.

[0058] In the present application, the power of the second ultrasonic is preferably 200-300 W, and more preferably 250 W; the rotating speed of the first stirring is preferably 1000-2000 rpm, and more preferably 1500 rpm. The number of times of the second ultrasonic and the first stirring is preferably independently 3 times; the second ultrasonic and the first stirring are preferably alternately performed; the temperature of each of the second ultrasonic and the first stirring is preferably independently 20-25℃, and more preferably 22-25℃, and the time is preferably 20-30 min, and more preferably 25-30 min. In the ultrasonic dispersion and mixing process of the ionic liquid and the aqueous dispersion of the sodium-based montmorillonite, the ultrasonic tank can be replaced with water or ice blocks for cooling multiple times to prevent the water temperature from overheating and causing the sodium-based montmorillonite nanosheets to agglomerate. The second ultrasonic and the first stirring are alternately repeated in the present application to make the ionic liquid better dispersed in the aqueous solution and to provide a good physical environment for further intercalation modification.

[0059] In the present application, the intercalation modification is preferably carried out in a magnetic stirring oil bath. The temperature of the intercalation modification in the present application is preferably 40-80℃, more preferably 50-60℃; the time is preferably 20-30h, more preferably 24h. The rotation speed of the second stirring in the present application is preferably 1000-2000rpm, more preferably 1500rpm.

[0060] After the intercalation modification, the present application preferably sequentially carries out first centrifugation and washing on the obtained reaction liquid, collects the solid material; mixes the solid material with water and disperses under the condition of ultrasonic, then carries out second centrifugation on the obtained liquid, collects the liquid material, and obtains the water-based lubricating additive.

[0061] In the present application, the rotation speed of the first centrifugation is preferably 8000-12000rpm, more preferably 10000rpm; the reagent used for the washing is preferably deionized water; the number of times of the first centrifugation and washing is independently preferably 2-4 times, more preferably 3 times.

[0062] In the present application, the mass ratio of the solid material to water is preferably 1:1000. The power of the ultrasonic in the present application is preferably 200-300W, more preferably 250W; the time of the ultrasonic is preferably 2-4h, more preferably 3h.

[0063] In the present application, the rotation speed of the second centrifugation is preferably 1000-3000rpm, more preferably 2000rpm.

[0064] The present application also provides a water-based lubricating additive prepared by the preparation method in the above technical solution.

[0065] The mass ratio of the ionic liquid to the sodium-based montmorillonite in the water-based lubricating additive in the present application is preferably 1:4-8, more preferably 1:4-5.

[0066] The present application also provides the application of the water-based lubricating additive in the above technical solution in a lubricating liquid.

[0067] The present application also provides a lubricating liquid comprising the water-based lubricating additive in the above technical solution. The lubricating liquid in the present application preferably comprises water and the water-based lubricating additive; the mass fraction of the water-based lubricating additive in the lubricating liquid is preferably 0.05-0.5wt%, more preferably 0.1%.

[0068] The technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the embodiments in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0069] The parameters of the calcium-based montmorillonite used in the examples are as follows: Ca-MMT, purity 90%, particle size 325 mesh, cation exchange capacity (CEC) 110.45 mmol / 100 g, produced by Shanlinsi Mineral Products Co., Ltd. of Guzhang County, Hunan Province.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] (1) The triisopropanolamine type ionic liquid (IL1) was prepared according to Example 1 of Chinese Patent CN116574555A, and the specific operation was as follows:

[0072] 30 g of triisopropanolamine and 30 mL of acetonitrile were added to a reaction kettle and stirred uniformly, and an equal amount of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was added, and stirred at 80°C for 24 h, and the solvent was removed by reduced pressure distillation to obtain IL1 (colorless or yellowish viscous solid).

[0073] (2) 150 g of calcium-based montmorillonite (Ca-MMT) was mixed with 900 mL of deionized water to obtain a montmorillonite dispersion liquid; the montmorillonite dispersion liquid was mixed with 100 mL of a sodium carbonate aqueous solution (concentration of 12 wt%), and was subjected to magnetic stirring under the conditions of a pressure of 0.1 MPa and a temperature of 20°C for 24 h (the specific stirring process was as follows: first, magnetic stirring at a speed of 1000 rpm for 40 min, then stopping stirring, and placing the obtained slurry for 3 h, after the end of the standing, again magnetic stirring at a speed of 1000 rpm for 30 min, repeating the above stirring- standing-stirring operation until the reaction time reached 24 h). After the end of the stirring reaction, the obtained slurry was placed in a ball mill for ball milling (the concentration of the slurry was 15 wt%), to obtain a pulverized material. The pulverized material was diluted with deionized water and placed in a centrifuge for centrifugation at a speed of 2000 rpm, and the supernatant was collected to obtain a sodium-based montmorillonite water dispersion liquid (the particle size of the sodium-based montmorillonite (Na-MMT) was 10-200 mesh, and the concentration of the sodium-based montmorillonite was 0.5 wt%), which was placed in a crock for storage for later use.

[0074] (3) Under the condition of 25℃, the Na-MMT aqueous dispersion obtained in step (2) (0.2 L, 0.5 wt%) was placed in a screw glass sample bottle and ultrasonicated for 10 min (ultrasonic power was 250 W), then IL1 (5 g) obtained in step (1) was added into the Na-MMT aqueous dispersion at a constant speed under the condition of ultrasonic stirring at 25℃, after the addition of IL1 was completed, the obtained mixture was first ultrasonicated for 30 min under the condition of 250 W power, then the ultrasonic was stopped and stirring was continued for 30 min under the condition of 1500 rpm rotation speed, the ultrasonic and stirring were alternately carried out for 3 times (i.e. the total time of ultrasonic stirring was 180 min). After the ultrasonic stirring was completed, the obtained reaction liquid was placed in a magnetic stirring oil bath, and the intercalation modification was carried out under the condition of magnetic stirring at 60℃ and 1500 rpm for 24 h. After the magnetic stirring was completed, the obtained reaction liquid was placed in a centrifuge, and centrifuged under the condition of 10000 rpm rotation speed and washed with deionized water, which was repeated for 3 times, and the centrifugal precipitate was collected. The centrifugal precipitate was diluted with 80-120 g of water and mixed uniformly, and then ultrasonically dispersed (ultrasonic power was 250 W) for 3 h. Then the obtained liquid was centrifuged under the condition of 2000 rpm rotation speed, and the supernatant was collected, thereby the water-based lubricating additive was obtained, which was recorded as IL1-MMT.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] (1) The triethanolamine type ionic liquid (IL2) was prepared according to Chinese patent CN116143829A, and the specific operation was as follows:

[0077] 30 g of triethanolamine and 30 mL of acetonitrile were added into a reaction kettle and stirred uniformly, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate with the same mass as triethanolamine was added, and stirred at 80℃ for 24 h, and then the solvent was removed by reduced pressure distillation, thereby IL2 (colorless or light yellow viscous solid) was obtained.

[0078] (2) IL1 in example 1 was replaced by IL2 in step (1), and the rest of the conditions were the same as example 1, thereby the water-based lubricating additive (IL2-MMT) was prepared.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] (1) The ricinoleic acid type ionic liquid (IL3) was prepared according to the literature DOI: 10.1007 / s11249-023-01775-8, and the specific operation was as follows:

[0081] 30 g of DBU and 30 mL of acetonitrile were added into a reaction kettle and stirred uniformly, and ricinoleic acid with the same mass as DBU was added, and stirred at 80℃ for 12 h, and then the solvent was removed by reduced pressure distillation, thereby IL3 (light yellow viscous solid) was obtained.

[0082] The specific information of the document is as follows: Bai Z, Qiu J, Zhang D, et al. Tribological Behavior of 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0] Undecane-7-Ene-Organophosphoric Acid-Based Protic Ionic Liquids as Lubricant Additives [J]. Tribology Letters, 2023, 71(4). DOI: 10.1007 / s11249-023-01775-8.

[0083] (2) Replace IL1 in Example 1 with IL3 in step (1), and the rest of the conditions are the same as in Example 1 to prepare a water-based lubricating additive (IL3-MMT).

[0084] Example 4

[0085] (1) Refer to the document DOI: 10.1007 / s11249-023-01775-8 to prepare eicosanoic acid type ionic liquid (IL4), the specific operation is as follows:

[0086] Into a reaction kettle, 30 g of DBU and 30 mL of acetonitrile were added and stirred uniformly, and an amount of eicosanoic acid equal to the mass of DBU was added, stirred at 80°C for 12 h, and the solvent was removed by reduced pressure distillation to obtain IL4 (light yellow viscous solid).

[0087] The specific information of the document is as follows: Bai Z, Qiu J, Zhang D, et al. Tribological Behavior of 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0] Undecane-7-Ene-Organophosphoric Acid-Based Protic Ionic Liquids as Lubricant Additives [J]. Tribology Letters, 2023, 71(4). DOI: 10.1007 / s11249-023-01775-8.

[0088] (2) Replace IL1 in Example 1 with IL4 in step (1), and the rest of the conditions are the same as in Example 1 to prepare a water-based lubricating additive (IL4-MMT).

[0089] Application Example 1

[0090] The IL1-MMT obtained in Example 1 was mixed with pure water to prepare a water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersion with a mass fraction of 0.1 wt%, which was recorded as IL1-MMT aqueous dispersion.

[0091] Application Example 2

[0092] The IL2-MMT obtained in Example 2 was mixed with pure water to prepare a water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersion with a mass fraction of 0.1 wt%, which was recorded as IL2-MMT aqueous dispersion.

[0093] Application Example 3

[0094] The IL3-MMT obtained in Example 3 was mixed with pure water to prepare a water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersion with a mass fraction of 0.1 wt%, which was recorded as IL3-MMT aqueous dispersion.

[0095] Application Example 4

[0096] The IL4-MMT obtained in Example 4 was mixed with pure water to prepare a water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersion with a mass fraction of 0.1 wt%, which was recorded as IL4-MMT aqueous dispersion.

[0097] Test Example 1: Dispersion Test

[0098] 100 mL of the water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersion obtained in each of Application Examples 1 to 4 was added into four screw-neck glass reagent bottles, respectively, and stirred slowly with a glass rod for 10 min, and then left to stand, and the dispersion of the water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersion was observed.

[0099] The actual photos of the water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersions obtained in Application Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Figure 1 , in which, from left to right, are IL1-MMT aqueous dispersion, IL2-MMT aqueous dispersion, IL3-MMT aqueous dispersion and IL4-MMT aqueous dispersion. As can be seen from Figure 1 , the water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersions obtained in Application Examples 1 to 4 are all milky white, and no precipitate or stratification is observed after standing for a long time.

[0100] The actual photo of the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion obtained in Example 1 is shown in Figure 2 . As can be seen from Figure 2 , the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion is uniformly dispersed, and no sedimentation or dispersion is observed.

[0101] The actual photos of pure water, the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion and the water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersions obtained in Application Examples 1 to 4 before and after standing for 72 h are shown in Figure 3 , in which, from left to right, are pure water, the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion, the IL1-MMT aqueous dispersion, the IL2-MMT aqueous dispersion, the IL3-MMT aqueous dispersion and the IL4-MMT aqueous dispersion. As can be seen from Figure 3(A), (B) from left to right in sequence are pure water, sodium-based montmorillonite water dispersion, IL1-MMT water dispersion, IL2-MMT water dispersion, IL3-MMT water dispersion and IL4-MMT water dispersion. From Figure 3 It can be seen that the water-based lubricating additive water dispersion obtained by application examples 1-4 did not appear obvious sedimentation and stratification after standing at room temperature and normal pressure for 72h.

[0102] In addition, the sodium-based montmorillonite water dispersion was placed at room temperature and normal pressure for 15 days, and stratification and sedimentation appeared, and the bottom layer was mainly brick red flake silicate mineral impurities.

[0103] Test example 2 friction and wear resistance test

[0104] Under the condition of 25℃, the friction performance of pure water, sodium-based montmorillonite water dispersion and water-based lubricating additive water dispersion obtained by application examples 1-4 was evaluated by using the reciprocating mode of multifunctional friction and wear tester RTEC-MFT-5000, and the specific friction pair was a commercially available 6mm diameter bearing steel ball (GGr15), the same material steel block (thickness of 5mm) as the friction substrate, and 500μL water-based lubricating additive water dispersion (0.1wt%) was added as the friction medium. The parameters of the friction test are as follows: sliding distance is 3mm, load is 10N, sliding frequency is 3Hz, and test time is 600s. Before the test, the surface of the steel ball and the surface of the steel block were cleaned with ethanol and petroleum ether, and the friction test of each water dispersion sample was repeated 3 times. After the friction test, the wear amount and surface morphology of the wear scar were analyzed by using the online three-dimensional profilometer of multifunctional friction and wear tester RTEC-MFT-5000, wherein the wear rate was calculated by formula 1:

[0105]

[0106] In formula 1, K is the wear rate;△V is the volume wear amount; P is the load; L is the reciprocating sliding distance.

[0107] Figure 4 The friction coefficient (COF) data graph of IL1-MMT water dispersion obtained by application example 1 is as follows: Figure 4 It can be seen that the average friction coefficient of the pure water blank control sample is 0.374, the average friction coefficient of the sample added with sodium-based montmorillonite water dispersion is 0.299, and the average friction coefficient of the sample added with IL1-MMT water dispersion is 0.087. After calculation, it can be seen that the lubricating performance of IL1-MMT water dispersion is improved by 70.90% compared with sodium-based montmorillonite water dispersion, and improved by 76.74% compared with pure water.

[0108] Figure 5The coefficient of friction (COF) data graph of the IL2-MMT aqueous dispersion obtained in Application Example 2 is shown in FIG. 2. Figure 5 As can be seen, the average coefficient of friction of the pure water blank sample was 0.374, the average coefficient of friction of the sample added with the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion was 0.299, and the average coefficient of friction of the sample added with the IL2-MMT aqueous dispersion was 0.110. After calculation, it was found that the lubricating property of the IL2-MMT aqueous dispersion was improved by 63.21% compared with the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion, and by 70.59% compared with pure water.

[0109] Figure 6 The coefficient of friction (COF) data graph of the IL3-MMT aqueous dispersion obtained in Application Example 3 is shown in FIG. 3. Figure 6 As can be seen, the average coefficient of friction of the pure water blank sample was 0.374, the average coefficient of friction of the sample added with the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion was 0.299, and the average coefficient of friction of the sample added with the IL3-MMT aqueous dispersion was 0.143. After calculation, it was found that the lubricating property of the IL3-MMT aqueous dispersion was improved by 52.17% compared with the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion, and by 61.76% compared with pure water.

[0110] Figure 7 The coefficient of friction (COF) data graph of the IL4-MMT aqueous dispersion obtained in Application Example 4 is shown in FIG. 4. Figure 7 As can be seen, the average coefficient of friction of the pure water blank sample was 0.374, the average coefficient of friction of the sample added with the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion was 0.299, and the average coefficient of friction of the sample added with the IL4-MMT aqueous dispersion was 0.107. After calculation, it was found that the lubricating property of the IL4-MMT aqueous dispersion was improved by 64.21% compared with the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion, and by 71.39% compared with pure water.

[0111] Figure 8 The three-dimensional friction and wear profile of the sample added with the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion is shown in FIG. 5. Figure 9 The three-dimensional friction and wear profile of the sample added with the IL1-MMT aqueous dispersion (triisopropanolamine IL-MMT) is shown in FIG. 6. Figure 10 The three-dimensional friction and wear profile of the sample added with the IL2-MMT aqueous dispersion (triethanolamine IL-MMT) is shown in FIG. 7. Figure 11 The three-dimensional friction and wear profile of the sample added with the IL3-MMT aqueous dispersion (ricinoleic acid IL-MMT) is shown in FIG. 8. Figure 12 The three-dimensional friction and wear profile of the sample added with the IL4-MMT aqueous dispersion (eicosanoic acid IL-MMT) is shown in FIG. 9. Figure 13 The wear rate data graph of the aqueous lubricating additive aqueous dispersions obtained in Application Examples 1 to 4 and the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion is shown in FIG. 10. Figures 8 to 13It can be seen that the water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersion prepared by modifying montmorillonite with icosanoic acid type ionic liquid (IL4) has the lowest wear rate in the friction process, and the wear performance is improved by 90.5% compared with the sodium-based montmorillonite aqueous dispersion.

[0112] The friction and wear resistance test shows that the water-based lubricating additive aqueous dispersion prepared by examples 1-4 has excellent friction and wear resistance, and a small amount of water-based lubricating additive can significantly reduce the friction coefficient.

[0113] In addition, the present application can realize high lubricating performance of the micro-amount water-based lubricating additive by simple ultrasonic assistance and heating stirring, meet the demand for lubricating additives in various application scenarios, and facilitate mass rapid preparation.

[0114] Spectrum analysis test of test example 3

[0115] The Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR spectrum) of the water-based lubricating additive obtained in examples 1-4 was measured by an infrared spectrometer (Germany BrukerTENSOR 27) in the range of 600cm -1 -4000cm -1 , and the resolution was 4cm -1 .

[0116] The infrared data analysis diagram of IL1-MMT obtained in example 1 is shown in Figure 14 . As can be seen from Figure 14 , the water-based lubricating additive obtained after IL1 intercalation modification appears absorption peaks of C-H stretching and bending vibration near 2900cm -1 and 1750-1500cm -1 , which is basically consistent with the absorption peaks of C-H stretching and bending vibration near 2900cm -1 and 1750-1500cm -1 in the infrared spectrum of IL1. Therefore, it is indicated that the sodium-based montmorillonite interlayer of IL1 modification adsorbs modifier triisopropanolamine cation.

[0117] The infrared data analysis diagram of IL2-MMT obtained in example 2 is shown in Figure 15 . As can be seen from Figure 15 , the water-based lubricating additive obtained after IL2 intercalation modification appears absorption peaks of C-H stretching and bending vibration near 2900cm -1 and 1750-1500cm -1 , which is basically consistent with the absorption peaks of C-H stretching and bending vibration near 2900cm -1 and 1750-1500cm -1The absorption peaks of stretching and bending vibrations of CH in the vicinity are basically consistent. Therefore, it indicates that the sodium-based montmorillonite modified with IL2 has triethanolamine cations as a modifier adsorbed in the interlayer.

[0118] The infrared data analysis diagram of IL3-MMT obtained in Example 3 is shown below. Figure 16 As shown. By Figure 16 It can be seen that the water-based lubricant additive obtained after IL3 intercalation modification has a viscosity of 2900 cm⁻¹. -1 and 1300~1700cm -1 Absorption peaks for CH stretching and bending vibrations appear nearby, which correspond to the 2900 cm⁻¹ peak in the infrared spectrum of IL₃. -1 and 1300~1700cm -1 The absorption peaks of stretching and bending vibrations of CH in the vicinity are basically consistent. Therefore, it indicates that the sodium-based montmorillonite modified with IL3 has DBU ricinoleic acid cations adsorbed in the interlayer.

[0119] The infrared data analysis diagram of IL4-MMT obtained in Example 4 is shown below. Figure 17 As shown. By Figure 17 It can be seen that the water-based lubricant additive obtained after IL4 intercalation modification has a viscosity of 2750–2900 cm⁻¹. -1 and 1400~1600cm -1 Absorption peaks for CH stretching and bending vibrations appear nearby, which correspond to the 2750–2900 cm⁻¹ range in the infrared spectrum of IL₄. -1 and 1400~1600cm -1 The absorption peaks of stretching and bending vibrations of CH in the vicinity are basically consistent. Therefore, it indicates that the sodium montmorillonite modified with IL4 has DBU eicosanoic acid cations adsorbed in the interlayer.

[0120] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a water-based lubricity additive, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: The water dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite and the ionic liquid are mixed to carry out intercalation modification, so as to obtain the water-based lubricating additive; the mass fraction of the water dispersion of sodium-based montmorillonite is 1-3 wt%; the ionic liquid comprises at least one of triisopropanolamine type ionic liquid, triethanolamine type ionic liquid, ricinoleic acid type ionic liquid and eicosanoic acid type ionic liquid.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, The preparation method of the sodium-based montmorillonite comprises the following steps: The calcium-based montmorillonite, sodium carbonate and water are mixed to carry out ion exchange reaction, so as to obtain the sodium-based montmorillonite.

3. The production method according to claim 2, characterized by, The particle size of the calcium-based montmorillonite is 300-350 mesh, and the cation exchange capacity is 100-120 mmol / 100 g; the mass ratio of the sodium carbonate to the calcium-based montmorillonite is 9-15:120-180.

4. The production method according to claim 2, characterized by, The temperature of the ion exchange reaction is 20-35 ℃, and the time is 20-30 h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the intercalation modification is 40-80 ℃, and the time is 20-30 h.

6. The water-based lubricating additive obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-5.

7. The water-based lubricant additive according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the ionic liquid to the sodium-based montmorillonite in the water-based lubricating additive is 1:4-8.

8. The water-based lubricating additive according to claim 6 or 7 is applied to a lubricating liquid.

9. A lubricating liquid comprising the water-based lubricating additive according to claim 6 or 7; the mass fraction of the water-based lubricating additive in the lubricating liquid is 0.05-0.5 wt%.

Images