A steel pipe rapid positioning and punching device for metal processing

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device for quickly positioning and punching a steel pipe for metal processing, which relates to the technical field of metal product processing, and comprises a workbench and a positioning device, wherein a processing frame is fixedly installed on the top of the workbench, a processing hole is opened on the top of the processing frame, a drilling device is arranged on the inner wall of the processing hole, a transportation groove is opened on the top of the workbench, a transportation device is arranged on the inner wall of the transportation groove, and a fixing plate is fixedly installed on the surface of the processing frame, wherein the positioning device comprises an electric push rod, a clamping plate, a clamping groove, a sliding rod, a detection rod, a positioning groove, a placing plate, a placing rod, a sliding plate, a hollow block, a limiting rod and a limiting groove, the placing rod cannot move so that the placing plate and the clamping plate cannot continue to extrude the steel pipe, and the clamping force is reasonably adjusted by limiting the clamping plate to ensure that the steel pipe maintains the required position and stability during the punching process, and the processing accuracy is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal product processing, in particular to a steel pipe rapid positioning and punching device for metal processing. Background Art

[0002] A quick positioning and punching device for steel pipes used in metal processing usually consists of a base, a positioning fixture, a fixing device, a guiding device and other parts.

[0003] The patent with patent announcement number CN220659311U relates to a punching device for metal product processing. The patent can adjust the standby height and drilling height of the drill through an electro-hydraulic push rod, a top plate, a displacement mechanism and an electric push rod B, and can be suitable for metal processing parts of different heights. The metal processing parts placed on the surface of the processing table can be fixed and clamped through a fixing mechanism to prevent the metal processing parts from shifting during the drilling process and affecting the drilling effect. The metal debris on the surface of the processing table can be quickly cleaned up through a debris removal groove and a debris discharge groove, and discharged to the outside of the base plate, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency of the punching device for metal product processing, paving the way for subsequent drilling work of metal processing parts, and improving the drilling efficiency of the punching device for metal product processing.

[0004] In the above patent, the metal workpiece placed on the surface of the processing table can be fixed and clamped by a fixing mechanism to prevent the metal workpiece from shifting during the drilling process and affecting the drilling effect. However, it is difficult to quickly position the steel pipe and it is easy to over-clamp the steel pipe during clamping. Over-clamping will cause the steel pipe to be unstable or move during the processing, thereby affecting the processing accuracy. At the same time, inaccurate positioning or difficulty in quick positioning will require additional adjustments, which will increase the processing time and reduce the drilling efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a device for quickly positioning and punching a steel pipe for metal processing, which solves the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a device for quickly positioning and punching steel pipes for metal processing, comprising a workbench and a positioning device, wherein a processing frame is fixedly installed on the top of the workbench, a processing hole is opened on the top of the processing frame, a drilling device is arranged on the inner wall of the processing hole, a transportation groove is opened on the top of the workbench, a transportation device is arranged on the inner wall of the transportation groove, and a fixed plate is fixedly installed on the surface of the processing frame, wherein the positioning device comprises an electric push rod, a clamping plate, a clamping groove, a sliding rod, a detection rod, a positioning groove, a placement plate, a placement rod, a slide plate, a hollow block, a limiting rod and a limiting groove, the limiting rod moves downward and contacts with the limiting groove to limit the hollow block from moving in a direction close to the steel pipe, the hollow block cannot move in a direction close to the steel pipe, so that the slide plate and the placement rod cannot move. The placing rod cannot move, so that the placing plate and the clamping plate cannot continue to extrude the steel pipe, the electric push rod is fixed through the surface of the fixed plate, the clamping plate is fixedly installed at the output end of the electric push rod, the clamping groove is opened on the surface of the clamping plate, the sliding rod slides through the inner wall of the clamping groove, the positioning groove is opened on the top of the workbench, the placing plate is fixedly installed on the surface of the clamping plate, the placing rod is fixedly installed on the bottom of the placing plate, the sliding plate is slidably installed on the circumferential surface of the placing rod, the hollow block is fixedly installed on the surface of the sliding plate, the limiting rod is slidably installed on the inner wall of the hollow block, and the limiting groove is opened on the top of the workbench, wherein the fastening device includes a U-shaped plate, a protective hole and a protective rod, the U-shaped plate is slidably installed on the circumferential surface of the placing rod, the protective hole is opened on the top of the U-shaped plate, and the protective rod is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protective hole.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, a No. 1 spring is arranged between the sliding rod and the clamping groove, and the No. 1 spring can drive the sliding rod to reset. A No. 2 spring is arranged between the placing rod and the sliding plate, and the No. 2 spring can drive the sliding plate to reset. The hollow block is in contact with the clamping plate.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, a No. 3 spring is arranged between the hollow block and the limit rod, one end of the No. 3 spring is arranged on the inner wall of the hollow block and the other end is arranged on the surface of the limit rod. The No. 3 spring can drive the limit rod to reset, and the end of the hollow block away from the workbench is set as an inclined surface, and the sliding rod is in contact with the hollow block.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, it also includes a fastening device and a protective device, and the fastening device also includes a protective plate, a reset spring and a connecting plate. The two protective plates are squeezed by the reaction force of the reset spring to assist in fixing the side of the steel pipe. The connecting plate is slidably installed on the circumferential surface of the protective rod, and the protective plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting plate. The reset spring is arranged between the protective rod and the connecting plate.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, a vibration groove is opened on the surface of the connecting plate, and a protrusion is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protection hole. The protrusion is elastic, and the vibration of the protection plate drives the steel pipe to vibrate slightly.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, a No. 4 spring is arranged between the U-shaped plate and the placing rod, one end of the No. 4 spring is arranged at the bottom of the U-shaped plate and the other end is arranged at the circumferential surface of the placing rod. The No. 4 spring can drive the U-shaped plate to reset, and the end of the protection plate close to the workbench is set as a slope, and the connecting plate is in contact with the inner wall of the protection hole.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the protective device includes a slide groove, an L-shaped rod, a U-shaped rod, a protective plate, a stabilizing plate and a button. The L-shaped rod moves toward the direction close to the slide rod to scrape the inner wall of the clamping groove, and the protective plate moves toward the direction close to the stabilizing plate to contact the button and press the button. The slide groove is opened at the top of the clamping plate, the L-shaped rod is slidably installed on the inner wall of the slide groove, the U-shaped rod is fixedly installed on the surface of the clamping plate, the protective plate is slidably installed on the surface of the U-shaped rod, the stabilizing plate is fixedly installed on the surface of the clamping plate, and the button is fixedly installed on the surface of the stabilizing plate.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, a No. 5 spring is arranged between the protective plate and the U-shaped rod, and the No. 5 spring can drive the protective plate to reset, the button is electrically connected to the drilling device, and the L-shaped rod is in contact with the protective plate.

[0014] The present invention provides a steel pipe rapid positioning and punching device for metal processing, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] (1) The metal processing steel pipe rapid positioning and punching device limits the steel pipe by the positioning groove. The steel pipe is limited by the positioning groove and cannot roll freely to perform the initial positioning. The positioning groove provides a stable support reference, which makes the steel pipe more stable during punching and helps to reduce the shaking or movement of the steel pipe during the processing, thereby ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the punching. At the same time, the hollow block cannot move in the direction close to the steel pipe, so that the slide plate and the placement rod cannot move. The placement rod cannot move, so that the placement plate and the clamping plate cannot continue to squeeze the steel pipe. Excessive clamping will cause the position of the steel pipe to shift or deform during the processing, affecting the accuracy of the hole position and the processing precision. By limiting the clamping plate and reasonably adjusting the clamping force, it is ensured that the steel pipe maintains the required position and stability during the punching process, and the processing precision is maintained.

[0016] (2) The metal processing steel pipe rapid positioning and punching device uses two protective plates to assist in fixing the side of the steel pipe by the reaction force of the extrusion return spring. The protective plates and the return spring can provide additional support force, so that the steel pipe to be punched is more stable during the processing, and the irregular steel pipes at both ends are prevented from shifting or shaking due to their own weight or vibration during processing. At the same time, the vibration of the connecting plate drives the vibration of the protective plate, and the vibration of the protective plate drives the steel pipe to vibrate slightly. Through the slight vibration, a slight friction can be generated between the protective plate and the surface of the steel pipe, which helps to improve the tightness of the auxiliary fixation.

[0017] (3) The device for quickly positioning and punching a steel pipe for metal processing uses an L-shaped rod that is squeezed by a protective plate and moves toward the sliding rod to scrape the inner wall of the clamping groove. The design of the L-shaped rod can effectively scrape the inner wall of the clamping groove to clean up drill cuttings and other debris, thereby ensuring that the next steel pipe can be stably positioned and clamped, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the punching process. At the same time, the protective plate moves toward the stabilizing plate to contact and press the button, ensuring that the steel pipe can only be punched after it is accurately positioned and clamped. Pressing the button ensures that the punching process is started only after the clamping plate accurately clamps the steel pipe, thereby preventing misoperation when the steel pipe is not correctly fixed, thereby reducing the possibility of accidental injury and damage to the steel pipe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the workbench and the transport device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure enlargement of part A;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the electric push rod and the clamping plate of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the sliding rod and the detection rod of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of part B in the middle is enlarged;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the slide bar and the hollow block of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part C in the middle.

[0026] In the figure: 1. workbench; 2. processing frame; 3. processing hole; 4. drilling device; 5. transportation device; 6. fixing plate; 7. electric push rod; 8. clamping plate; 9. clamping groove; 10. sliding rod; 11. detection rod; 12. positioning groove; 13. placement plate; 14. placement rod; 15. sliding plate; 16. hollow block; 17. limiting rod; 18. limiting groove; 191. U-shaped plate; 192. protection hole; 193. protection rod; 194. protection plate; 195. bump; 196. reset spring; 197. connecting plate; 201. sliding groove; 202. L-shaped rod; 203. U-shaped rod; 204. protective plate; 205. stabilizing plate; 206. button. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 , one embodiment of the present invention is: a fast positioning and punching device for steel pipes for metal processing, comprising a workbench 1, and also comprising a positioning device, wherein a processing frame 2 is fixedly installed on the top of the workbench 1, a processing hole 3 is opened on the top of the processing frame 2, and a drilling device 4 is arranged on the inner wall of the processing hole 3, a transportation groove is opened on the top of the workbench 1, and a transportation device 5 is arranged on the inner wall of the transportation groove, and a fixed plate 6 is fixedly installed on the surface of the processing frame 2, wherein the positioning device comprises an electric push rod 7, a clamping plate 8, a clamping groove 9, a slide bar 10, a detection rod 11, a positioning groove 12, a placement plate 13, a placement rod 14, a slide plate 15, a hollow block 16, a limit rod 17 and a limit groove 18, the electric push rod 7 is fixedly penetrated through the surface of the fixed plate 6, the clamping plate 8 is fixedly installed at the output end of the electric push rod 7, the clamping groove 9 is opened on the surface of the clamping plate 8, the slide bar 10 slides through the inner wall of the clamping groove 9, and the positioning groove 1 2 is opened on the top of the workbench 1, the placing plate 13 is fixedly installed on the surface of the clamping plate 8, the placing rod 14 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the placing plate 13, the slide plate 15 is slidably installed on the circumferential surface of the placing rod 14, the hollow block 16 is fixedly installed on the surface of the slide plate 15, the limiting rod 17 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the hollow block 16, and the limiting groove 18 is opened on the top of the workbench 1, wherein the fastening device includes a U-shaped plate 191, a protection hole 192 and a protection rod 193, the U-shaped plate 191 is slidably installed on the circumferential surface of the placing rod 14, the protection hole 192 is opened on the top of the U-shaped plate 191, and the protection rod 193 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protection hole 192, and the positioning groove 12 provides a stable support reference, so that the steel pipe is more stable when punching, and the clamping force is reasonably adjusted by limiting the clamping plate 8 to ensure that the steel pipe maintains the required position and stability during the punching process, and maintains the processing accuracy.

[0029] A No. 1 spring is arranged between the slide bar 10 and the clamping groove 9, and the slide bar 10 can be reset by the No. 1 spring. A No. 2 spring is arranged between the placement rod 14 and the slide plate 15, and the slide plate 15 can be reset by the No. 2 spring. The hollow block 16 is in contact with the clamping plate 8.

[0030] A No. 3 spring is arranged between the hollow block 16 and the limit rod 17. One end of the No. 3 spring is arranged on the inner wall of the hollow block 16 and the other end is arranged on the surface of the limit rod 17. The No. 3 spring can drive the limit rod 17 to reset. The end of the hollow block 16 away from the workbench 1 is set as an inclined surface, and the sliding rod 10 is in contact with the hollow block 16.

[0031] When the present embodiment is working, the steel pipe to be punched is transported to the bottom of the processing frame 2 by the transport device 5, and the steel pipe moved to the bottom of the processing frame 2 contacts the positioning groove 12 and is limited by the positioning groove 12. The steel pipe is limited by the positioning groove 12 and cannot roll freely to perform preliminary positioning. At the same time, the electric push rod 7 drives the clamping plate 8 to move in the direction close to the steel pipe to further position and clamp the steel pipe. The clamping plate 8 moves in the direction close to the steel pipe and drives the sliding rod 10 to move. The movement of the sliding rod 10 drives the detection rod 11 to move. The detection rod 11 moves to contact the steel pipe and squeeze the steel pipe. At the same time, the detection rod 11 is subjected to the reaction force of squeezing the steel pipe and moves to the electric push rod 7. The detection rod 11 moves in the direction close to the electric push rod 7 and contacts with the hollow block 16 and squeezes the hollow block 16. The hollow block 16 moves downward due to the squeezing of the detection rod 11. The downward movement of the hollow block 16 drives the limit rod 17 to move downward. The limit rod 17 moves downward and contacts with the limit groove 18 to restrict the hollow block 16 from moving in the direction close to the steel pipe. The hollow block 16 cannot move in the direction close to the steel pipe, making it impossible for the slide plate 15 and the placing rod 14 to move. The placing rod 14 cannot move, making it impossible for the placing plate 13 and the clamping plate 8 to continue to squeeze the steel pipe. After the steel pipe is fixed by the clamping plate 8, the drilling device 4 operates to drill holes in the steel pipe.

[0032] See also Figure 1-Figure 8 On the basis of the above embodiment, another embodiment of the present invention further includes a fastening device and a protective device, the fastening device also includes a protective plate 194, a reset spring 196 and a connecting plate 197, the connecting plate 197 is slidably installed on the circumferential surface of the protective rod 193, the protective plate 194 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting plate 197, the reset spring 196 is arranged between the protective rod 193 and the connecting plate 197, the protective plate 194 and the reset spring 196 can provide additional supporting force, so that the steel pipe to be punched is more stable during the processing.

[0033] A vibration groove is provided on the surface of the connecting plate 197, and a protrusion 195 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protection hole 192. The protrusion 195 is elastic, and the vibration of the protection plate 194 drives the steel pipe to vibrate slightly. Through the slight vibration, a slight friction can be generated between the protection plate 194 and the surface of the steel pipe, which helps to improve the tightness of the auxiliary fixation.

[0034] A No. 4 spring is arranged between the U-shaped plate 191 and the placing rod 14, one end of the No. 4 spring is arranged at the bottom of the U-shaped plate 191 and the other end is arranged at the circumferential surface of the placing rod 14. The No. 4 spring can drive the U-shaped plate 191 to reset, and the end of the protection plate 194 close to the workbench 1 is set as a slope, and the connecting plate 197 is in contact with the inner wall of the protection hole 192.

[0035] The protective device includes a slide groove 201, an L-shaped rod 202, a U-shaped rod 203, a protective plate 204, a stabilizing plate 205 and a button 206. The slide groove 201 is opened at the top of the clamping plate 8, the L-shaped rod 202 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the slide groove 201, the U-shaped rod 203 is fixedly installed on the surface of the clamping plate 8, the protective plate 204 is slidably installed on the surface of the U-shaped rod 203, the stabilizing plate 205 is fixedly installed on the surface of the clamping plate 8, and the button 206 is fixedly installed on the surface of the stabilizing plate 205. The design of the L-shaped rod 202 can effectively scrape the inner wall of the clamping groove 9 to clean up drill cuttings and other debris. Pressing the button 206 ensures that the clamping plate 8 starts the punching process only after accurately clamping the steel pipe, thereby preventing misoperation when the steel pipe is not correctly fixed.

[0036] A No. 5 spring is provided between the protective plate 204 and the U-shaped rod 203 , and the No. 5 spring can drive the protective plate 204 to reset, the button 206 is electrically connected to the drilling device 4 , and the L-shaped rod 202 is in contact with the protective plate 204 .

[0037] When the present embodiment is working, the hollow block 16 is squeezed by the detection rod 11 and moves downward, the hollow block 16 moves downward and drives the slide plate 15 to move downward, the slide plate 15 moves downward and contacts the U-shaped plate 191 and squeezes the U-shaped plate 191 to move downward, the U-shaped plate 191 moves downward and drives the protection rod 193 to move downward, the protection rod 193 moves downward and drives the connecting plate 197 to move downward, the connecting plate 197 moves downward and drives the two protection plates 194 to move downward, the two protection plates 194 move downward and contact the steel pipe and squeeze the top of the steel pipe, and at the same time At the same time, the two protection plates 194 move away from each other due to the reaction force of the extruded steel pipe, and the two protection plates 194 move away from each other to squeeze the reset spring 196. At the same time, the two protection plates 194 are squeezed by the reaction force of the reset spring 196 to assist in fixing the side of the steel pipe. At the same time, the two protection plates 194 move away from each other to drive the two connecting plates 197 to move away from each other. The movement of the connecting plate 197 makes the protrusion 195 hit the vibration groove to generate vibration. The vibration of the connecting plate 197 drives the protection plate 194 to vibrate, and the vibration of the protection plate 194 drives the steel pipe to vibrate slightly together.

[0038] The two protection plates 194 move away from each other and contact and squeeze the L-shaped rod 202. The L-shaped rod 202 is squeezed by the protection plates 194 and moves toward the direction close to the slide bar 10. The L-shaped rod 202 moves toward the direction close to the slide bar 10 to scrape the inner wall of the clamping groove 9. At the same time, the L-shaped rod 202 moves toward the direction close to the slide bar 10 and contacts and squeezes the protection plate 204. The protection plate 204 is squeezed by the L-shaped rod 202 and moves toward the direction close to the stabilizing plate 205. The protection plate 204 moves toward the direction close to the stabilizing plate 205, contacts and presses the button 206 to ensure that the steel pipe can be punched only after it is accurately positioned and clamped.

[0039] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for quickly positioning and punching a steel pipe for metal processing, comprising a workbench (1), characterized in that: It also includes positioning devices, fastening devices and protective devices; A processing frame (2) is fixedly mounted on the top of the workbench (1), a processing hole (3) is opened on the top of the processing frame (2), a drilling device (4) is arranged on the inner wall of the processing hole (3), a transport trough is opened on the top of the workbench (1), a transport device (5) is arranged on the inner wall of the transport trough, and a fixing plate (6) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the processing frame (2); The positioning device comprises an electric push rod (7), a clamping plate (8), a clamping groove (9), a sliding rod (10), a detection rod (11), a positioning groove (12), a placement plate (13), a placement rod (14), a sliding plate (15), a hollow block (16), a limiting rod (17) and a limiting groove (18), wherein the electric push rod (7) is fixedly passed through the surface of the fixing plate (6), the clamping plate (8) is fixedly installed at the output end of the electric push rod (7), the clamping groove (9) is provided on the surface of the clamping plate (8), the sliding rod (10) slides through the inner wall of the clamping groove (9), and the positioning groove (12) is opened. The workbench (1) is arranged on the top of the workbench, the placement plate (13) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the clamping plate (8), the placement rod (14) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the placement plate (13), the slide plate (15) is slidably mounted on the circumferential surface of the placement rod (14), the hollow block (16) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the slide plate (15), the limit rod (17) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the hollow block (16), the limit groove (18) is opened on the top of the workbench (1), and the detection rod (11) is arranged at one end of the slide rod (10), and the movement of the slide rod (10) drives the detection rod (11) to move and contact the steel pipe; The fastening device comprises a U-shaped plate (191), a protection hole (192) and a protection rod (193); the U-shaped plate (191) is slidably mounted on the circumferential surface of the placement rod (14); the protection hole (192) is opened at the top of the U-shaped plate (191); and the protection rod (193) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the protection hole (192); A first spring is provided between the slide bar (10) and the clamping groove (9), a second spring is provided between the placement bar (14) and the slide plate (15), and the hollow block (16) is in contact with the clamping plate (8); A No. 3 spring is arranged between the hollow block (16) and the limiting rod (17); an end of the hollow block (16) away from the workbench (1) is arranged as an inclined surface, and the sliding rod (10) is in contact with the hollow block (16); The fastening device further comprises a protection plate (194), a return spring (196) and a connection plate (197); the connection plate (197) is slidably mounted on the circumferential surface of the protection rod (193); the protection plate (194) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connection plate (197); and the return spring (196) is arranged between the protection rod (193) and the connection plate (197); The protective device comprises a slide groove (201), an L-shaped rod (202), a U-shaped rod (203), a protective plate (204), a stabilizing plate (205) and a button (206); the slide groove (201) is opened at the top of the clamping plate (8); the L-shaped rod (202) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the slide groove (201); the U-shaped rod (203) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the clamping plate (8); the protective plate (204) is slidably mounted on the surface of the U-shaped rod (203); the stabilizing plate (205) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the clamping plate (8); and the button (206) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the stabilizing plate (205).

2. A metal processing steel pipe rapid positioning and punching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vibration groove is provided on the surface of the connection plate (197), and a protrusion (195) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the protection hole (192), wherein the protrusion (195) is elastic.

3. A metal processing steel pipe rapid positioning and punching device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A No. 4 spring is provided between the U-shaped plate (191) and the placement rod (14); one end of the protection plate (194) close to the workbench (1) is provided as an inclined surface; and the connecting plate (197) is in contact with the inner wall of the protection hole (192).

4. A metal processing steel pipe rapid positioning and punching device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A No. 5 spring is provided between the protective plate (204) and the U-shaped rod (203), the button (206) is electrically connected to the drilling device (4), and the L-shaped rod (202) is in contact with the protective plate (204).

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