Hydrogen fuel cell engine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation method and system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy conversion and utilization, and discloses a hydrogen fuel cell electromechanical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model simulation method and system. The method comprises establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the actual geometric structure of the hydrogen fuel cell, and dividing the three-dimensional geometric model into discrete grid units; establishing a mathematical model of multiple physical fields based on the grid units, defining boundary conditions for the mathematical model, substituting the established physical model and boundary conditions into the coupled equations, solving them using numerical methods, and obtaining the distribution and changes of different physical fields through iterative calculations; and evaluating the key parameters of the fuel cell and the mutual influence and coupling effects of each physical field based on the results of the distribution and changes of different physical fields obtained by solving the problems. The system comprises a model division module, an iterative calculation module, and a result output module. The present invention can provide a comprehensive description of system behavior and evaluate key parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy conversion and utilization, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell machine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation method and system. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells are devices that react hydrogen with oxygen to generate electricity. They are highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and renewable, and are widely used in the automotive and power sectors. In actual production, simulation can avoid extensive trials and tests before actual construction or production to avoid costly modifications and adjustments later on, saving time and costs while also identifying and resolving issues during the design phase. However, these simulations consider fewer physical field factors and cannot fully and accurately reflect the simulation results. Furthermore, existing technologies for multiple physical field simulations lack the support of mathematical models, resulting in low simulation efficiency.

[0003] Prior Art 1, application number: CN 202310973111.X, discloses a modeling method and system for a lithium battery electrothermal coupling model. The method includes: constructing a dynamic model of the lithium battery open circuit voltage based on the measured open circuit voltage data of the lithium battery, with the current stored capacity of the lithium battery as the independent variable and the open circuit voltage of the lithium battery as the dependent variable; constructing a dynamic temperature rise model of the lithium battery using the Foster equivalent temperature rise model based on the internal resistance loss power, thermal resistance, and thermal melt of the lithium battery; constructing a lithium battery discharge internal resistance electrothermal coupling model based on the measured internal resistance value of the lithium battery under preset operating conditions, with the lithium battery temperature, charge load, and discharge rate as independent variables and the lithium battery discharge internal resistance value as the dependent variable; and establishing a lithium battery electrothermal coupling model based on the dynamic model of the lithium battery open circuit voltage, the dynamic temperature rise model of the lithium battery, and the electrothermal coupling model of the lithium battery discharge internal resistance. Although this method can improve the accuracy of lithium battery electrothermal coupling model simulation research, it only considers voltage, temperature, and internal resistance, and lacks physical field factors, making it unsuitable for coupling model simulation of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0004] Prior art 2, application number CN202410101319.7, discloses a simulation method and simulation model device for a battery thermal-electric network coupling model. The method comprises obtaining a battery temperature-capacity relationship value set, performing an HPPC test on the battery under predetermined conditions and performing data processing to obtain a test-generated operating condition data set and a first processed value set generated after the data processing; performing parameter identification on a preset circuit module within a preset simulation model to obtain a first identification value set; and entering the battery temperature-capacity relationship value set, the first identification value set, the first processed value set, and multiple temperature measurement parameters into each module within the preset simulation model, thereby completing the model construction. Although the thermal-electric network coupling simulation model considers the effect of temperature on battery capacity and DC internal resistance, improving the accuracy of SOC estimation and terminal voltage simulation, it is targeted at sodium / lithium-ion batteries. Due to their different performance and structure compared to hydrogen fuel cells, their application in fuel cells can easily lead to low simulation accuracy.

[0005] Prior art three, application number: CN 202311386061.1, discloses a battery state of energy estimation method based on a thermal-electric-lifetime coupling model. The method includes invoking an equivalent circuit model, outputting the calculation results of the equivalent circuit model to a thermal model, then outputting the calculation results of the thermal model to a life model, and finally outputting the calculation results of the life model to an equivalent circuit model. The above steps are repeated until Ut reaches the discharge cut-off voltage Uend. The discharge energy ΔEt corresponding to all time elements Δt in the discharge interval is accumulated to obtain the remaining available energy of the battery in the current state. Although the coupling relationship between battery temperature, battery characteristics, and battery life is established to solve the problem of unreliable SOE estimation accuracy under large temperature changes throughout the battery life cycle, it is suitable for practical use scenarios, has a wide temperature and time range, and has high estimation accuracy. However, the coupled model does not consider the physical field, and its application in hydrogen fuel cells leads to inaccurate simulation results.

[0006] Currently, existing technologies 1, 2, and 3 fail to fully and accurately reflect the simulation results due to insufficient consideration of the required physical field factors. Furthermore, the simulations of multiple physical fields in existing technologies lack mathematical model support, resulting in low simulation efficiency. Therefore, the present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupled model simulation method and system to simulate and analyze the interactions and coupling effects of multiple physical fields, including mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid, in a hydrogen fuel cell system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model simulation method and system to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot fully and accurately reflect the simulation results.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A hydrogen fuel cell engine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation method, the hydrogen fuel cell engine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation method comprising:

[0010] Based on the actual geometric structure of the hydrogen fuel cell, a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell is established. The three-dimensional geometric model includes the hydrogen fuel cell stack, electrolyte membrane, hydrogen and oxygen supply channels, cooling system, and current collector components; the three-dimensional geometric model is divided into discrete grid cells;

[0011] Based on the grid cells, mathematical models of multiple physical fields, including mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid, are established. Boundary conditions are defined for the mathematical models, including inlet conditions, outlet conditions, boundary temperature, and boundary pressure. The established physical models and boundary conditions are substituted into the coupled equations and solved using numerical methods. Through iterative calculations, the distribution and changes of different physical fields are obtained.

[0012] Based on the results of the distribution and changes of different physical fields, the key parameters of the fuel cell's output voltage, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution, as well as the mutual influence and coupling effects of various physical fields, are evaluated.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of dividing the three-dimensional geometric model into discrete grid units includes the following steps:

[0014] Collect actual geometric data of the hydrogen fuel cell through scanning; use computer-aided design software to build a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the collected data, and draw the shape and size of each component based on the actual geometric data;

[0015] For each component, detailed modeling is performed based on its specific geometry and structure, including the internal structure of the component, the size and shape of the channel, and the position of the electrolyte membrane; each component is assembled according to the actual situation;

[0016] Using CAD software, the refined models of the various components are combined to generate a complete three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell; the hydrogen fuel cell stack, supply channel and cooling system are separated, and each block is independently meshed.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, each block is independently meshed, comprising the following steps:

[0018] The hydrogen fuel cell stack, supply channel, and cooling system components are extracted separately to obtain the geometric model of each component. The geometric model of each component is independently meshed using a structured grid.

[0019] After the meshing is completed, the meshes of different components are connected; the mesh quality assessment tool is used to adjust and correct the meshes;

[0020] Save the divided discrete grid units.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the area for grid division is determined according to the geometric shape and structure of each component, and the size of the grid division is determined, including the size and shape of the grid unit; based on the orthogonal grid, the area is divided into regular grid units.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of obtaining the distribution and change of different physical fields includes the following steps:

[0023] For each physical field, set initial conditions, including initial temperature, initial pressure, and initial concentration; use the finite difference method to substitute the established mathematical model and boundary conditions into the coupled equations; based on the initial conditions, perform time stepping from the initial moment to gradually update the distribution of the physical field;

[0024] In each time step, the boundary values of the physical field are updated according to the boundary conditions, including inlet conditions, outlet conditions, boundary temperature and boundary pressure. In each time step, the influence between different physical fields is taken into account according to the coupling terms in the coupled equations, and the distribution of each physical field is updated at the same time. In each time step, it is necessary to judge whether the iterative calculation has converged, and an error threshold is set. When the change of the physical field is less than the threshold, the calculation is considered to have converged. If the iterative calculation has not converged, continue to the next time step. If the iterative calculation has converged, the calculation ends.

[0025] According to the results of iterative calculation, the distribution and changes of different physical fields are obtained.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of establishing the mathematical model includes the following steps:

[0027] According to the physical processes of mechanical, electrical, thermal and fluid fields in hydrogen fuel cells, select the corresponding physical equations to describe each physical field;

[0028] Use the finite difference method to transform continuous physical equations into discrete numerical equations, and discretize the physical equations into algebraic equations on the grid cells; obtain the boundary conditions defined by the mathematical model to constrain the solution of the numerical model;

[0029] Substitute the established mathematical model and boundary conditions into the coupling equations to establish the coupling relationship between multiple physical fields.

[0030] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of converting the continuous physical equation into a discrete numerical equation using the finite difference method includes the following steps:

[0031] Divide the solution domain into discrete grid cells, discretize the independent variables on the grid, and convert the continuous independent variables into discrete points;

[0032] According to the discretized independent variables, the derivative terms are solved using the difference approximation; the derivative terms in the continuous differential equation are replaced by the discretized derivative approximation to obtain the discrete numerical equation;

[0033] According to the physical meaning of the boundary conditions, the boundary conditions are processed in discrete numerical equations; the obtained discrete numerical equations are formed into an equation group and solved using an iterative solution method.

[0034] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of evaluating key parameters of a fuel cell comprises the following steps:

[0035] The calculated physical field distribution is received, and based on the distribution of the electric potential field, an electric potential difference exists between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the fuel cell, and the output voltage is obtained by calculating the electric potential difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the fuel cell; based on the distribution of the temperature field, the temperature distribution is obtained by calculating the temperature at different positions, and the temperature distribution of the fuel cell is calculated; based on the distribution of the pressure field, the pressure distribution of the fuel cell is calculated by calculating the pressure at different positions;

[0036] In each time step, the distribution of each physical field is updated according to the coupling terms in the coupled equations. This is done by iterative calculation until the convergence condition or the specified number of time steps is reached.

[0037] The results and reference data of numerical simulation of physical fields through coupling equations and boundary conditions are used to analyze the mutual influence and coupling effects between different physical fields.

[0038] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of analyzing the mutual influence and coupling effect between different physical fields includes the following steps:

[0039] Establish a coupled equation system to connect the equations of different physical fields through coupling terms; coupling terms describe the interaction and influence between different physical fields; by solving the coupled equation system, the distribution and change of the physical field are obtained;

[0040] During the numerical simulation process, boundary conditions are set to consider the constraints and coupling relationships between different physical fields. Sensitivity analysis is performed to observe the response changes of other physical fields by changing the initial conditions or parameters of a physical field. Sensitivity analysis reveals the sensitivity and correlation between different physical fields.

[0041] Through visualization and data analysis methods, the distribution of different physical fields is visualized; by drawing vector diagrams of temperature and fluid velocity, the correlation and coupling effect between them are observed; by minimizing the objective function, the parameters of the model are adjusted to find the coupling relationship and parameter values between different physical fields.

[0042] To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions:

[0043] A hydrogen fuel cell machine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation system is applied to the hydrogen fuel cell machine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation method. The hydrogen fuel cell machine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation system includes:

[0044] A model partitioning module is used to establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell based on its actual geometric structure. The three-dimensional geometric model includes the hydrogen fuel cell stack, electrolyte membrane, hydrogen and oxygen supply channels, cooling system, and current collector components; and divide the three-dimensional geometric model into discrete grid cells.

[0045] The iterative calculation module is used to establish mathematical models of multiple physical fields such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid based on grid cells, and define boundary conditions for the mathematical models, including inlet conditions, outlet conditions, boundary temperature, and boundary pressure. The established physical models and boundary conditions are substituted into the coupled equations and solved using numerical methods. Through iterative calculations, the distribution and changes of different physical fields are obtained.

[0046] The result output module is used to evaluate the key parameters of the fuel cell's output voltage, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution, as well as the mutual influence and coupling effects of various physical fields based on the distribution and change results of different physical fields.

[0047] The present invention converts the actual geometric structure of a hydrogen fuel cell into a numerical model and discretizes the model; it provides the geometric information required for simulation, laying the foundation for subsequent physical model establishment and numerical calculations. By establishing mathematical models and boundary conditions, the coupling effects of multiple physical fields are taken into consideration and solved using numerical methods; the interactions and influences of multiple physical fields such as mechanical, electrical, thermal and fluid in hydrogen fuel cells are simulated and analyzed to obtain the distribution and changes of each physical field. By analyzing the distribution and changes of the different physical fields obtained, key parameters such as the output voltage, temperature distribution and pressure distribution of the hydrogen fuel cell, as well as the mutual influence and coupling effects between the various physical fields, are evaluated; this helps researchers gain a deeper understanding of the working principles and performance characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells, optimize design, and improve efficiency and reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic flow chart of steps in one embodiment of a method for simulating a hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model according to the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic flow chart of the steps of dividing a three-dimensional geometric model into discrete grid units in one embodiment of a method for simulating a hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupled model of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 A schematic flow chart of the steps for obtaining the distribution and change of different physical fields in one embodiment of the hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupled model simulation method of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 A schematic flow chart of the steps for evaluating key parameters of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of a method for simulating a hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluidic multi-field coupled model of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a functional module diagram of an embodiment of a hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupled model simulation system of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a storage medium of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] The terms "first", "second" and "third" in the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. All directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units that are not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units that are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a hydrogen fuel cell engine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation method. In this embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell engine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation method specifically includes the following steps:

[0058] Step S1: Based on the actual geometric structure of the hydrogen fuel cell, a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell is established. The three-dimensional geometric model includes components such as the hydrogen fuel cell stack, the electrolyte membrane, hydrogen and oxygen supply channels, the cooling system, and the current collector; the three-dimensional geometric model is divided into discrete grid cells;

[0059] Step S2: Based on the grid cells, mathematical models of multiple physical fields such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid are established, and boundary conditions are defined for the mathematical models, including inlet conditions, outlet conditions, boundary temperature, boundary pressure, etc. The established physical models and boundary conditions are substituted into the coupled equations, and numerical methods are used to solve them. Through iterative calculations, the distribution and changes of different physical fields are obtained;

[0060] Step S3: Based on the distribution and change results of different physical fields, key parameters such as the output voltage, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution of the fuel cell, as well as the mutual influence and coupling effect of various physical fields are evaluated.

[0061] Preferably, step S1 of this embodiment converts the actual geometric structure of the hydrogen fuel cell into a numerical model and discretizes the model; it provides the geometric information required for simulation, and provides a basis for the subsequent physical model establishment and numerical calculation. Step S2 takes into account the coupling effects of multiple physical fields by establishing mathematical models and boundary conditions, and solves them through numerical methods; simulates and analyzes the interactions and influences of multiple physical fields such as mechanical, electrical, thermal and fluid in hydrogen fuel cells, and obtains the distribution and changes of each physical field. Step S3 evaluates the key parameters such as the output voltage, temperature distribution and pressure distribution of the hydrogen fuel cell, as well as the mutual influence and coupling effects between the various physical fields by analyzing the distribution and changes of the different physical fields obtained by solution; it helps researchers to deeply understand the working principles and performance characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells, optimize the design, and improve efficiency and reliability.

[0062] In summary, this embodiment, by comprehensively considering the interactions of multiple physical fields such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid, can provide a comprehensive description of system behavior and evaluate key parameters; optimize the design and performance of hydrogen fuel cells, improve efficiency and reliability, and provide a basis for system optimization and decision-making. Through the above simulation methods, we can deeply understand the internal operating mechanism of the hydrogen fuel cell system, optimize the system design and control strategy, and improve the efficiency and reliability of the system. In addition, through simulation, we can also study the performance changes and response characteristics under different operating conditions, providing a scientific basis for system optimization and performance improvement.

[0063] Further, if Figure 2 As shown, the process of dividing the three-dimensional geometric model into discrete grid units in step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0064] Step S11: collecting actual geometric structure data of the hydrogen fuel cell by scanning; using computer-aided design (CAD) software or other modeling tools, establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the collected data, and drawing the shape and size of each component based on the actual geometric structure data;

[0065] Step S12: For each component, perform detailed modeling based on its specific geometry and structure, including the internal structure of the component, the size and shape of the channel, the position of the electrolyte membrane, etc.; assemble the components according to the actual situation;

[0066] Step S13: Using CAD software or other modeling tools, combine the refined models of the various components to generate a complete three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell; separate the hydrogen fuel cell stack, supply channel, cooling system, etc., and perform independent meshing on each block.

[0067] Preferably, step S1 of this embodiment can accurately establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell by collecting actual geometric structure data and using CAD software or other modeling tools; draw out the shape and size of each component to provide an accurate geometric description for subsequent meshing and numerical simulation; an accurate three-dimensional geometric model is the basis for hydrogen fuel cell simulation and analysis. By establishing a geometric model, the relationship between the structure and components of the hydrogen fuel cell can be better understood, and accurate boundary conditions and geometric information can be provided for subsequent multi-field coupling simulation. Step S12 can more accurately describe the internal structure and geometric characteristics of the component by fine-tuning the modeling of each component. At the same time, assembly is performed according to actual conditions to ensure accurate connection and coordination between components; refined modeling and assembly can better reflect the actual situation and working principle of the hydrogen fuel cell. Accurate internal structure and connection between components are crucial for subsequent multi-field coupling simulation and performance analysis. Step S13 combines the refined models of each component to generate a complete 3D geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell. Simultaneously, the hydrogen fuel cell stack, supply channels, and cooling system are separated, and each block is independently meshed, converting the complex geometric model into discrete grid cells. Generating a complete 3D geometric model and performing independent meshing provide the foundation for subsequent multi-field coupling simulations and numerical calculations. Accurate geometric models and discretized grid cells are key to hydrogen fuel cell performance analysis and optimal design.

[0068] Furthermore, the independent grid division of each block in step S13 specifically includes the following steps:

[0069] Step S131: extract components such as the hydrogen fuel cell stack, supply channel, and cooling system separately to obtain a geometric model of each component; and use structured meshing to independently mesh the geometric model of each component;

[0070] According to the geometric shape and structure of each component, the area to be meshed is determined, and the size of the meshing, including the size and shape of the mesh cells, is determined; based on the orthogonal grid, the area is divided into regular mesh cells;

[0071] Step S132: After the mesh division is completed, the meshes of different components are connected; and the mesh quality assessment tool is used to adjust and correct the divided meshes;

[0072] Step S133: Save the divided discrete grid units.

[0073] Preferably, step S131 of this embodiment separates the different components of the hydrogen fuel cell to obtain the geometric model of each component; through the structured meshing method, the geometric model of each component is independently meshed to generate regular mesh units; by meshing different components independently, the geometric characteristics and physical processes of each component can be better described; independent meshing can improve computing efficiency and provide accurate mesh data for subsequent numerical simulation and analysis. Step S132 connects the meshes of different components to ensure that the mesh interfaces between the components match, and adjusts and corrects the divided meshes through the mesh quality assessment tool to improve the quality and accuracy of the mesh; reasonable mesh connection can take into account the interaction and coupling effects between components, improve the accuracy and reliability of the simulation; through mesh quality assessment and adjustment, the shape and distribution of the mesh can be optimized, and the accuracy of the numerical calculation can be improved. Step S133 saves the divided grid cells in an appropriate data format for subsequent numerical simulation and analysis. Saving the divided discrete grid cells can facilitate the subsequent physical model establishment and numerical calculation, thereby improving work efficiency. The discretized grid cells can convert continuous geometric structures into discrete data points, so that the mathematical model can perform discrete numerical calculations, thereby analyzing the behavior of the system and evaluating key parameters.

[0074] In summary, this embodiment uses structured grids to independently mesh the geometric model of each component, which can better describe the characteristics and physical processes of the components and perform refined simulation and analysis on each component. At the same time, through reasonable grid connection, the interaction and coupling effects between components can be taken into account, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the simulation. By separately meshing components such as hydrogen fuel cell stacks, supply channels, and cooling systems, the characteristics and physical processes of each component can be better described, and refined simulation and analysis can be performed on each component. At the same time, through reasonable grid connection, the interaction and coupling effects between components can be taken into account, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the simulation.

[0075] Further, if Figure 3 As shown, the process of obtaining the distribution and change of different physical fields in step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0076] Step S21: For each physical field, set initial conditions, including initial temperature, initial pressure, and initial concentration; use the finite difference method to substitute the established mathematical model and boundary conditions into the coupled equations; based on the initial conditions, perform time stepping from the initial moment to gradually update the distribution of the physical field;

[0077] Among them, the finite difference method discretizes the continuous physical model into a difference equation on a discrete grid to approximately represent the changes and distribution of the physical field.

[0078] Divide the computational domain into discrete grid nodes, using either uniform or non-uniform grids;

[0079] For each grid node, the continuous partial differential equation is discretized using a difference approximation method, such as central difference, forward difference or backward difference;

[0080] During the differential approximation process, special treatment is performed on the nodes on the grid boundary according to the type of boundary conditions, such as using a specific differential format or directly substituting the boundary conditions into the differential equation. Through the discretization and iterative calculation of the finite difference method, the physical model can be approximately solved and the distribution and changes of different physical fields can be obtained, providing an important numerical tool for the analysis, optimization and design of fuel cells.

[0081] Step S22: In each time step, the boundary values of the physical field are updated according to the boundary conditions, including the inlet condition, outlet condition, boundary temperature and boundary pressure, etc.; in each time step, the influence between different physical fields is taken into account according to the coupling terms in the coupled equations, and the distribution of each physical field is updated at the same time; in each time step, it is necessary to judge whether the iterative calculation has converged, and an error threshold is set. When the change of the physical field is less than the threshold, the calculation is considered to have converged; if the iterative calculation has not converged, continue to the next time step; if the iterative calculation has converged, the calculation can be terminated;

[0082] Among them, the parameters and expressions in the boundary conditions and coupled equations are:

[0083] Parameters and expressions of temperature field: Temperature: T, Heat transfer coefficient: k, Heat source term: Q, Boundary temperature: T boundary , thermal convection coefficient: h; convection boundary condition: h(TT inf );

[0084] Parameters and expressions of pressure field: Pressure: P, pressure gradient: Inlet pressure: P inlet , outlet pressure: P outlet , boundary pressure: P boundary ;

[0085] Parameters and expressions of mechanical-electrical coupling: current: I, stress: σ, resistivity of material: ρ, resistance: R = ρL / A, current density: J = I / A, coupling term of stress and current density: σ = αJ;

[0086] Parameters and expressions of thermal-fluid coupling: fluid density: ρ, fluid velocity: v, fluid temperature: T, fluid specific heat capacity: Cp, fluid dynamic viscosity: μ, coupling terms of heat conduction equation and fluid flow equation:

[0087] Parameters and expressions of electrical-thermal coupling: Heat generated by current: Q = I 2 R, the heat generated by the current is considered in the heat source term: Q = I 2 R+Q external ;

[0088] Step S23: According to the results of iterative calculation, the distribution and change of different physical fields are obtained.

[0089] Preferably, step S21 of this embodiment can start the simulation calculation by setting the initial conditions and substituting the coupling equations, and gradually update the distribution of the physical field; the time stepping method can take into account the dynamic changes of the physical field, so that the simulation calculation is closer to the actual situation. By updating the distribution of the physical field, the changes of different physical fields over time can be obtained, which helps to understand the dynamic behavior of the fuel cell system and reveal the mutual influence and coupling effects between various physical fields. Step S22 can more accurately describe the interaction and coupling effects between physical fields by updating the boundary conditions and considering the coupling terms, and judging the convergence situation can control the stability and accuracy of the calculation; updating the boundary conditions and considering the coupling terms can more realistically simulate the behavior of the fuel cell system, and by judging the convergence situation, it can be determined whether the simulation calculation tends to be stable, thereby ensuring the reliability of the results. Step S23 can quantitatively analyze the performance of the fuel cell system by evaluating key parameters, such as output voltage, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution. Analyzing the mutual influence and coupling effects of physical fields can reveal the overall behavior and performance characteristics of the system. Evaluating key parameters and analyzing the mutual influence and coupling effects of physical fields help optimize the design and operation of the fuel cell system, and can provide guidance and decision-making basis for improving system performance, thereby promoting the development and application of fuel cell technology.

[0090] In summary, this embodiment uses iterative calculations to simulate and analyze the behavior and performance of fuel cells under the influence of different physical fields. Iterative calculations can take into account the interactions and coupling effects between different physical fields, providing accurate simulation results and providing a basis for fuel cell design and optimization.

[0091] Furthermore, the process of establishing the mathematical model in step S21 specifically includes the following steps:

[0092] Step S211: According to the physical processes of multiple physical fields such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid in the hydrogen fuel cell, corresponding physical equations are selected to describe each physical field; the mechanical equation uses Hooke's law, the electrical equation uses Ohm's law, the thermal equation uses Fourier's heat conduction law, and the fluid equation uses Navier-Stokes equations, etc.;

[0093] Step S212: using the finite difference method to convert the continuous physical equation into a discrete numerical equation, and discretizing the physical equation into an algebraic equation on the grid cells; obtaining the boundary conditions of the mathematical model to constrain the solution of the numerical model;

[0094] Step S213: Substituting the established mathematical model and boundary conditions into the coupling equations to establish a coupling relationship between multiple physical fields;

[0095] When variables from multiple physical fields, such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid, appear simultaneously in equations of different physical fields for coupling, the following physical fields and variables are involved:

[0096] Mechanical field: displacement field u(x,y,z);

[0097] Electric field: electric potential field V(x,y,z);

[0098] Thermal field: temperature field T(x,y,z);

[0099] Fluid field: velocity field Vf(x,y,z);

[0100] Mechanical-electrical coupling: This coupling is achieved by defining the relationship between the displacement of the mechanical field and the potential of the electrical field. For example, assuming that the voltage drop of a battery is coupled to the mechanical deformation, the following expression can be used to express the coupling term:

[0101]

[0102] Where σ is the conductivity, ε is the strain-voltage coefficient, and α is the coupling coefficient.

[0103] Mechanical-thermal coupling: Coupling can be achieved by defining the relationship between the displacement of the mechanical field and the temperature of the thermal field. For example, assuming that mechanical deformation causes heat conduction, the coupling term can be expressed as follows:

[0104]

[0105] Where κ is the thermal conductivity and β is the coupling coefficient.

[0106] Fluid-thermal coupling: Coupling can be achieved by defining the relationship between the velocity of the fluid field and the temperature of the thermal field. For example, assuming that the flow of the fluid causes a temperature change, the following expression can be used to express the coupling term:

[0107]

[0108] Where ρ is the density, Cp is the specific heat, and γ is the coupling coefficient.

[0109] Preferably, step S211 of this embodiment converts the physical process into a mathematical equation, realizes the mathematical description of the physical process, clarifies the physical process to be studied and the physical field to be considered, and provides a basis for subsequent mathematical modeling. Step S212 converts the continuous physical equation into a discrete numerical equation, realizes the numerical solution of the physical equation; simplifies the complex physical problem into a discrete algebraic problem, and provides a basis for subsequent numerical solution. Step S213 combines the equations of multiple physical fields into a coupled equation group, realizes the description of the mutual influence and coupling effect between multiple physical fields; comprehensively considers the interaction between different physical fields, and improves the accuracy and authenticity of the model.

[0110] In summary, through the above steps, the establishment of the mathematical model in this embodiment realizes the comprehensive description and coupled solution of multiple physical fields in the hydrogen fuel cell; it is of great significance for in-depth understanding of the working principle, optimization design and performance prediction of hydrogen fuel cells. The mathematical model can obtain the distribution and changes of the physical field through numerical solution methods, providing a theoretical basis and guidance for the design, optimization and control of hydrogen fuel cells. At the same time, the mathematical model also provides tools and methods for further research and improvement of the performance of hydrogen fuel cells. In short, the establishment of a mathematical model is to abstract the physical process into mathematical equations, convert the physical model into a numerical model through discretization and definition of boundary conditions, and use numerical methods to solve it to obtain the distribution and changes of different physical fields.

[0111] Furthermore, the process of converting the continuous physical equation into a discrete numerical equation using the finite difference method in step S212 specifically includes the following steps:

[0112] Step S2121: Divide the solution domain into discrete grid cells, discretize the independent variables on the grid, and convert the continuous independent variables into discrete points;

[0113] Step S2122: Based on the discretized independent variables, use the difference approximation to solve the derivative term; for example, for a one-dimensional derivative, the central difference can be expressed as: f'(x)≈(f(x+Δx)-f(x-Δx)) / (2Δx); replace the derivative term in the continuous differential equation with the discretized derivative approximation to obtain a discrete numerical equation; for the one-dimensional heat conduction equation Discretize the spatial and temporal derivatives using central differences to obtain the difference equations;

[0114] Step S2123: Process the boundary conditions in the discrete numerical equations according to their physical meanings; form the obtained discrete numerical equations into a system of equations, and solve them using an iterative solution method.

[0115] Preferably, step S2121 of this embodiment discretizes the continuous independent variable into a finite number of discrete points, converts the continuous physical domain into discrete grid units; simplifies the continuous physical problem into a discrete algebraic problem, and provides a basis for subsequent numerical calculations. Step S2122 converts the continuous physical equation into a discrete numerical equation, and approximately solves the derivative term by difference, converts the continuity in the differential equation into a discrete algebraic form; converts the complex differential equation problem into a discrete algebraic problem, and provides a basis for subsequent numerical solutions. Step S2123 processes the boundary conditions in the discretized numerical equation and forms a set of equations for solving unknowns; through the iterative solution method, the solution of the set of equations can be gradually approximated; the solution of the numerical equation is obtained through the numerical solution method, and the distribution and change of the physical field are obtained, providing numerical results for the analysis and application of physical problems.

[0116] In summary, this embodiment uses the finite difference method through the above steps to convert continuous physical equations into discrete numerical equations, thereby achieving numerical solutions to physical problems. The establishment and solution of numerical models can help us better understand physical processes, optimize designs, and predict performance. Numerical models can be used to analyze physical phenomena, verify theoretical assumptions, optimize design parameters, and predict system responses. At the same time, numerical models also provide an efficient, economical, and feasible method for solving practical problems.

[0117] Further, if Figure 4 As shown, the process of evaluating the key parameters of the fuel cell in step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0118] Step S31: receiving the calculated physical field distribution, and according to the distribution of the electric potential field, obtaining an output voltage by calculating the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell; obtaining a temperature distribution by calculating the temperatures at different positions according to the distribution of the temperature field, and calculating the temperature distribution of the fuel cell; and calculating a pressure distribution of the fuel cell by calculating the pressures at different positions according to the distribution of the pressure field;

[0119] Step S32: In each time step, the distribution of each physical field is updated according to the coupling terms in the coupled equations; this is done by iterative calculation until the convergence condition or the specified number of time steps is reached;

[0120] Step S33: Analyze the mutual influence and coupling effect between different physical fields based on the results and reference data of the numerical simulation of the physical field through the coupling equation group and boundary conditions; for example, the influence of the mechanical field on the electrical field can be analyzed, and the coupling effect between them can be determined by calculating the relationship between the displacement of the mechanical field and the electric potential of the electrical field; similarly, the influence of the thermal field on the fluid field can be analyzed, and the coupling effect between them can be determined by calculating the relationship between the temperature of the thermal field and the velocity of the fluid field.

[0121] Preferably, step S31 of this embodiment can obtain key parameters such as the output voltage, temperature distribution and pressure distribution of the fuel cell by calculating the distribution of different physical fields. These parameters are very important for evaluating the performance and efficiency of the fuel cell. The output voltage is one of the core indicators of the fuel cell and can be used to evaluate the efficiency of energy conversion. The temperature distribution and pressure distribution can provide important information about the operating status and thermal management of the fuel cell. Step S32 updates and converges the physical field through iterative calculation to obtain the stability and consistency of the physical field, which helps to accurately simulate the operation process of the fuel cell and provide reliable numerical results. Step S33 analyzes the mutual influence and coupling effects between different physical fields, which can provide a deep understanding of the behavior and performance of the fuel cell system. For example, analyzing the influence of the mechanical field on the electrical field can help understand the influence of the deformation of the fuel cell component on the potential distribution; analyzing the influence of the thermal field on the fluid field can help understand the interaction between the temperature and flow inside the fuel cell; these analysis results provide important guidance for the design, optimization and control of the fuel cell.

[0122] In summary, the combination of steps S31, S32, and S33 in this embodiment provides comprehensive numerical analysis capabilities for evaluating fuel cell performance and behavior. These steps enable key parameters to be acquired, coupling effects to be understood, and fuel cell systems to be optimized and improved. This can help improve fuel cell efficiency, reliability, and lifespan, promoting the development and application of fuel cell technology.

[0123] Furthermore, the process of analyzing the mutual influence and coupling effect between different physical fields in step S32 specifically includes the following steps:

[0124] Step S321: Establishing a coupled equation system to link equations of different physical fields through coupling terms; the coupling terms describe the interaction and influence between different physical fields; by solving the coupled equation system, the distribution and change of the physical fields are obtained;

[0125] Step S322: During the numerical simulation, boundary conditions are set to consider the constraints and coupling relationships between different physical fields. Sensitivity analysis is performed to observe the response changes of other physical fields by changing the initial conditions or parameters of a physical field. Sensitivity analysis reveals the sensitivity and correlation between different physical fields.

[0126] Step S323: Visualize the distribution of different physical fields through visualization and data analysis methods; for example, by drawing vector diagrams of temperature and fluid velocity, observe the correlation and coupling effect between them; adjust the parameters of the model by minimizing the objective function to find the coupling relationship and parameter values between different physical fields.

[0127] Preferably, step S321 of this embodiment: By establishing a coupled set of equations, the equations of different physical fields are linked to describe the interactions and influences between different physical fields. Solving the coupled set of equations can obtain the distribution and changes of the physical fields, thereby revealing the coupling effects between different physical fields, helping to gain a deeper understanding of the complex behavior of the system and providing quantitative information about the mutual influence between the physical fields. Step S322, by setting appropriate boundary conditions, can consider the constraints and coupling relationships between different physical fields. Boundary conditions can reflect the interactions between different physical fields at the boundary and have a significant impact on the overall behavior of the system. Sensitivity analysis can reveal the sensitivity and correlation between different physical fields by changing the initial conditions or parameters of one physical field and observing the response changes of other physical fields. This helps understand the coupling effects between different physical fields and provides guidance for system optimization and improvement. Step S323 visualizes the distribution of different physical fields through visualization and data analysis methods, allowing for intuitive observation of the mutual influence and coupling effects between different physical fields. For example, drawing a vector diagram of temperature and fluid velocity can help understand the correlation and coupling effects between them. By minimizing the objective function and adjusting the model parameters, the optimal coupling relationship and parameter values between different physical fields can be found, thereby optimizing the performance and efficiency of the system.

[0128] In summary, through the above steps, this embodiment can comprehensively analyze the mutual influence and coupling effects between different physical fields, and gain an in-depth understanding of the complexity of system behavior and performance; it helps to optimize the design of fuel cell systems, improve operation control strategies, and improve the performance and efficiency of fuel cells. In addition, an in-depth understanding of the coupling relationship and coupling effects between different physical fields also provides reference and guidance for multi-physical field coupling problems in other fields. Through the above method, the mutual influence and coupling effects between different physical fields can be comprehensively analyzed. This helps to deeply understand the behavior and performance of fuel cell systems and provides important guidance for the design, optimization and control of fuel cells.

[0129] like Figure 5As shown, this embodiment also provides an embodiment of a hydrogen fuel cell machine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation system. In this embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell machine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation system is applied to the hydrogen fuel cell machine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation method as in the above embodiment. The device includes a model division module 1, an iterative calculation module 2, and a result output module 3 that are electrically connected in sequence.

[0130] Among them, the model division module 1 is used to establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the actual geometric structure of the hydrogen fuel cell. The three-dimensional geometric model includes components such as the hydrogen fuel cell stack, electrolyte membrane, hydrogen and oxygen supply channels, cooling system and current collector; the three-dimensional geometric model is divided into discrete grid units; the iterative calculation module 2 is used to establish mathematical models of multiple physical fields such as mechanical, electrical, thermal and fluid based on the grid units, and define boundary conditions for the mathematical model. The boundary conditions include inlet conditions, outlet conditions, boundary temperature, boundary pressure, etc.; the established physical model and boundary conditions are substituted into the coupled equation group, and the numerical method is used to solve them. Through iterative calculation, the distribution and change of different physical fields are obtained; the result output module 3 is used to evaluate key parameters such as the output voltage, temperature distribution and pressure distribution of the fuel cell, as well as the mutual influence and coupling effect of each physical field based on the results of the distribution and change of different physical fields obtained by solving.

[0131] Preferably, the model division module 1 of this embodiment divides the geometric model into discrete grid units, provides accurate boundary conditions for subsequent mathematical models and numerical calculations, and helps to achieve accurate modeling and simulation analysis of actual hydrogen fuel cell systems. The iterative calculation module 2 substitutes the physical model and boundary conditions into the coupling equations and uses numerical methods to perform iterative calculations to obtain the distribution and changes of different physical fields, which helps to reveal the mutual influence and coupling effects between different physical fields and provide evaluation and analysis of key parameters. The result output module 3 evaluates key parameters such as the output voltage, temperature distribution and pressure distribution of the fuel cell based on the distribution and changes of different physical fields obtained by iterative calculation. At the same time, analyzing the mutual influence and coupling effects of various physical fields helps to fully understand the performance and behavior of the fuel cell and guide the design, optimization and control of the system.

[0132] In summary, this embodiment, through the synergistic effect of the above modules, enables comprehensive simulation and analysis of the hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupled model. This helps to deepen understanding of the complexity and coupling effects of hydrogen fuel cell systems, provides scientific basis and guidance, and promotes the development and application of hydrogen fuel cell technology. Furthermore, this model and method also provide reference and inspiration for the simulation and analysis of other multi-physics field coupled systems.

[0133] Furthermore, the model division module 1 specifically includes:

[0134] A structure drawing submodule is used to collect actual geometric structure data of the hydrogen fuel cell through scanning; use computer-aided design (CAD) software or other modeling tools to build a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the collected data, and draw the shape and size of each component based on the actual geometric structure data;

[0135] The component assembly submodule is used to perform detailed modeling of each component based on its specific geometry and structure, including the internal structure of the component, the size and shape of the channel, the position of the electrolyte membrane, etc.; and assemble each component according to the actual situation;

[0136] The meshing submodule is used to combine the refined models of various components through CAD software or other modeling tools to generate a complete three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell; separate the hydrogen fuel cell stack, supply channel and cooling system, etc., and independently mesh each block.

[0137] Preferably, the structure drawing submodule of this embodiment collects the actual geometric structure data of the hydrogen fuel cell by scanning, and uses computer-aided design (CAD) software or other modeling tools to establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the collected data, and draws the shape and size of each component, which can accurately describe the actual geometric structure of the hydrogen fuel cell and provide an accurate basis for subsequent modeling and simulation. The component assembly submodule performs refined modeling based on the specific geometric shape and structure of each component, including internal structure, channel size and shape, and the position of the electrolyte membrane; by assembling each component, a complete hydrogen fuel cell model can be established, which helps to accurately describe the complex structure inside the hydrogen fuel cell and provide accurate boundary conditions and geometric information for subsequent numerical calculations. The meshing submodule combines the refined models of each component to generate a complete three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell and independently meshes each block; through meshing, the continuous physical domain can be discretized into discrete grid cells, providing accurate computational domain and discretization information for subsequent numerical calculations, which helps to realize numerical simulation and calculation of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0138] In summary, this embodiment, through the synergistic effect of the above sub-modules, can realize the establishment and meshing of the geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell, which helps to achieve accurate modeling and simulation analysis of the actual hydrogen fuel cell system, and provides accurate boundary conditions and discretization information for subsequent mathematical models and numerical calculations; it is of great significance for in-depth understanding of the internal structure and coupling effects of hydrogen fuel cells, optimized design and performance analysis.

[0139] Furthermore, the iterative calculation module 2 specifically includes:

[0140] The equations are brought into the submodule to set the initial conditions for each physical field, including initial temperature, initial pressure, and initial concentration. The established mathematical model and boundary conditions are substituted into the coupled equations using the finite difference method. Based on the initial conditions, time stepping is performed from the initial moment to gradually update the distribution of the physical field.

[0141] The convergence judgment submodule is used to update the boundary values of the physical field according to the boundary conditions in each time step, including inlet conditions, outlet conditions, boundary temperature and boundary pressure, etc.; in each time step, the influence between different physical fields is taken into account according to the coupling terms in the coupling equation group, and the distribution of each physical field is updated at the same time; in each time step, it is necessary to judge whether the iterative calculation has converged, and set an error threshold. When the change of the physical field is less than the threshold, the calculation is considered to have converged; if the iterative calculation has not converged, continue to the next time step; if the iterative calculation has converged, the calculation can be terminated;

[0142] The content output submodule is used to obtain the distribution and changes of different physical fields based on the results of iterative calculations.

[0143] Preferably, the distribution calculation submodule of this embodiment calculates the output voltage distribution by calculating the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell based on the calculated physical field distribution; and obtains the temperature distribution of the fuel cell by calculating the temperature at different locations. By calculating the pressure at different locations, the pressure distribution of the fuel cell is obtained, which helps evaluate key fuel cell parameters such as output voltage, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution, thereby understanding the performance and behavior of the fuel cell. The distribution update submodule updates the distribution of each physical field at each time step based on the coupling terms in the coupling equations. This is done through iterative calculation until convergence conditions or a specified number of time steps are reached. This helps simulate the time evolution of the physical field and reveal the dynamic coupling relationships and evolution patterns between different physical fields. The effect analysis submodule analyzes the mutual influence and coupling effects between different physical fields based on the coupling equations and boundary conditions. By comparing the numerical simulation results with reference data, the coupling strength and correlation between different physical fields can be evaluated. For example, by calculating the relationship between the displacement of the mechanical field and the potential of the electrical field, the influence of the mechanical field on the electrical field is determined, and the coupling effect between them is analyzed, which helps to deeply understand the interaction mechanism between different physical fields and provide guidance for system optimization and performance improvement.

[0144] In summary, this embodiment, through the synergistic effect of the above submodules, can analyze and evaluate the distribution and coupling effects of different physical fields, helping to fully understand the performance and behavior of the system and guiding the design, optimization, and control of fuel cells. Furthermore, a deep understanding of the coupling relationships and effects between different physical fields also provides a reference for the analysis and optimization of other multi-field coupled systems.

[0145] Furthermore, the result output module 3 specifically includes:

[0146] The distribution calculation submodule is used to receive the calculated physical field distribution, and according to the distribution of the electric potential field, there is a potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell, and the output voltage is obtained by calculating the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell; according to the distribution of the temperature field, the temperature distribution is obtained by calculating the temperature at different positions, and the temperature distribution of the fuel cell is calculated; according to the distribution of the pressure field, the pressure distribution of the fuel cell is calculated by calculating the pressure at different positions;

[0147] The distribution update submodule is used to update the distribution of each physical field according to the coupling terms in the coupled equations at each time step. This is done by iterative calculation until the convergence condition or the specified number of time steps is reached.

[0148] The effect analysis submodule is used to analyze the mutual influence and coupling effects between different physical fields based on the results and reference data of numerical simulation of physical fields through coupling equations and boundary conditions. For example, the influence of mechanical fields on electrical fields can be analyzed, and the coupling effect between them can be determined by calculating the relationship between the displacement of the mechanical field and the electric potential of the electrical field. Similarly, the influence of thermal fields on fluid fields can be analyzed, and the coupling effect between them can be determined by calculating the relationship between the temperature of the thermal field and the velocity of the fluid field.

[0149] Preferably, the equation of this embodiment is brought into the submodule by setting initial conditions, including temperature, pressure and concentration, etc., and the established mathematical model and boundary conditions are substituted into the coupled equations. Numerical methods such as the finite difference method are used to perform time stepping from the initial moment according to the initial conditions, and gradually update the distribution of the physical field, which helps to establish a numerical representation of the physical model and perform simulation calculations of time evolution. The convergence judgment submodule updates the boundary value of the physical field according to the boundary conditions in each time step, and considers the coupling terms in the coupled equations to update the distribution of each physical field. By setting an error threshold, it is determined whether the iterative calculation converges. If the iterative calculation converges, the calculation can be terminated; if the iterative calculation does not converge, the next time step is continued, which helps to control the accuracy and stability of the calculation and ensure the accuracy of the iterative calculation results. Content output submodule: Based on the results of iterative calculations, the distribution and changes of different physical fields are obtained. By visualizing and outputting the calculated physical field distribution, the distribution of different physical fields can be observed intuitively, and subsequent analysis and evaluation can be carried out. This helps to understand the dynamic behavior of the system and the mutual influence between physical fields, providing a basis for system optimization and performance improvement.

[0150] In summary, this embodiment, through the synergistic effect of the above submodules, can achieve iterative calculation and distributed update of physical fields. This helps simulate and analyze the time evolution of physical fields, revealing the dynamic coupling relationships and evolution patterns between different physical fields. Furthermore, the output of the results allows for evaluation and analysis of the calculation results, providing guidance for system design and performance optimization.

[0151] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides an embodiment of an electronic device. In this embodiment, the electronic device 4 includes a processor 41 and a memory 42 coupled to the processor 41.

[0152] The memory 42 stores program instructions for implementing the hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluidic multi-field coupling model simulation method of any of the above embodiments.

[0153] The processor 41 is used to execute program instructions stored in the memory 42 to perform a hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model simulation.

[0154] The processor 41 may also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processor 41 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. The processor 41 may also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0155] Furthermore, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a storage medium in an embodiment of the present application. The storage medium 5 in the embodiment of the present application stores program instructions 51 that can implement all the above methods, wherein the program instructions 51 can be stored in the above storage medium in the form of a software product, including a number of instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or terminal devices such as a computer, server, mobile phone, and tablet.

[0156] In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0157] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. The above is only an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

[0158] The above detailed description of the specific embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative only, and the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications or substitutions to the invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes, modifications, and improvements made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are also encompassed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation method for a hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell machine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation method includes: Based on the actual geometric structure of the hydrogen fuel cell, a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell is established. The three-dimensional geometric model includes the hydrogen fuel cell stack, electrolyte membrane, hydrogen and oxygen supply channels, cooling system, and current collector components; the three-dimensional geometric model is divided into discrete grid cells; Based on the grid cells, mathematical models of multiple physical fields, including mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid, are established. Boundary conditions are defined for the mathematical models, including inlet conditions, outlet conditions, boundary temperature, and boundary pressure. The established physical models and boundary conditions are substituted into the coupled equations and solved using numerical methods. Through iterative calculations, the distribution and changes of different physical fields are obtained. The process of establishing the mathematical model includes the following steps: According to the physical processes of mechanical, electrical, thermal and fluid fields in hydrogen fuel cells, select the corresponding physical equations to describe each physical field; Use the finite difference method to transform continuous physical equations into discrete numerical equations, and discretize the physical equations into algebraic equations on the grid cells; obtain the boundary conditions defined by the mathematical model to constrain the solution of the numerical model; Substitute the established mathematical model and boundary conditions into the coupled equations to establish the coupling relationship between multiple physical fields; Mechanical-electrical coupling is achieved by defining the relationship between the displacement of the mechanical field and the potential of the electrical field. The voltage drop of the battery is coupled with the mechanical deformation, and the coupling term is expressed using the following expression: Where σ is the conductivity, ε is the strain-voltage coefficient, α is the coupling coefficient, V is the potential field, and u is the displacement field; Mechanical-thermal coupling: Coupling is achieved by defining the relationship between the displacement of the mechanical field and the temperature of the thermal field. Mechanical deformation causes heat conduction, and the coupling term is expressed using the following expression: Where κ is thermal conductivity, β is coupling coefficient, and T is temperature field; Fluid-thermal coupling: This coupling is achieved by defining the relationship between the velocity of the fluid field and the temperature of the thermal field. The flow of the fluid causes temperature changes, and the coupling term is expressed using the following expression: Where ρ is density, Cp is specific heat, γ is coupling coefficient, V f is the velocity field; Based on the results of the distribution and changes of different physical fields, the key parameters of the fuel cell's output voltage, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution, as well as the mutual influence and coupling effects of various physical fields, are evaluated.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of dividing a 3D geometric model into discrete mesh elements includes the following steps: Collect actual geometric data of the hydrogen fuel cell through scanning; use computer-aided design software to build a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the collected data, and draw the shape and size of each component based on the actual geometric data; For each component, detailed modeling is performed based on its geometry and structure, including the internal structure of the component, the size and shape of the channel, and the position of the electrolyte membrane; each component is assembled according to the actual situation; Using CAD software, the refined models of the various components are combined to generate a complete three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell; the hydrogen fuel cell stack, supply channel and cooling system are separated, and each block is independently meshed.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model simulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each block is meshed independently, including the following steps: The hydrogen fuel cell stack, supply channel, and cooling system components are extracted separately to obtain the geometric model of each component. The geometric model of each component is independently meshed using a structured grid. After the meshing is completed, the meshes of different components are connected; the mesh quality assessment tool is used to adjust and correct the meshes; Save the divided discrete grid units.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model simulation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, Determine the area for meshing and the size of the mesh, including the size and shape of the mesh cells, based on the geometric shape and structure of each component; Based on an orthogonal grid, the area is divided into regular grid cells.

5. The hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of obtaining the distribution and changes of different physical fields includes the following steps: For each physical field, set initial conditions, including initial temperature, initial pressure, and initial concentration; use the finite difference method to substitute the established mathematical model and boundary conditions into the coupled equations; based on the initial conditions, perform time stepping from the initial moment to gradually update the distribution of the physical field; In each time step, the boundary values of the physical field are updated according to the boundary conditions, including inlet conditions, outlet conditions, boundary temperature and boundary pressure. In each time step, the influence between different physical fields is taken into account according to the coupling terms in the coupled equations, and the distribution of each physical field is updated at the same time. In each time step, it is necessary to judge whether the iterative calculation has converged, and an error threshold is set. When the change of the physical field is less than the threshold, the calculation is considered to have converged. If the iterative calculation has not converged, continue to the next time step. If the iterative calculation has converged, the calculation ends. According to the results of iterative calculation, the distribution and changes of different physical fields are obtained.

6. The hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model simulation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The process of converting continuous physical equations into discrete numerical equations using the finite difference method includes the following steps: Divide the solution domain into discrete grid cells, discretize the independent variables on the grid, and convert the continuous independent variables into discrete points; According to the discretized independent variables, the derivative terms are solved using the difference approximation; the derivative terms in the continuous differential equation are replaced by the discretized derivative approximation to obtain the discrete numerical equation; According to the physical meaning of the boundary conditions, the boundary conditions are processed in discrete numerical equations; the obtained discrete numerical equations are formed into an equation group and solved using an iterative solution method.

7. The hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of evaluating key fuel cell parameters includes the following steps: The calculated physical field distribution is received, and based on the distribution of the electric potential field, an electric potential difference exists between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the fuel cell, and the output voltage is obtained by calculating the electric potential difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the fuel cell; based on the distribution of the temperature field, the temperature distribution is obtained by calculating the temperature at different positions, and the temperature distribution of the fuel cell is calculated; based on the distribution of the pressure field, the pressure distribution of the fuel cell is calculated by calculating the pressure at different positions; In each time step, the distribution of each physical field is updated according to the coupling terms in the coupled equations. This is done by iterative calculation until the convergence condition or the specified number of time steps is reached. The results and reference data of numerical simulation of physical fields through coupling equations and boundary conditions are used to analyze the mutual influence and coupling effects between different physical fields.

8. The hydrogen fuel cell mechanical-electrical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling model simulation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of analyzing the mutual influence and coupling effects between different physical fields includes the following steps: Establish a coupled equation system to connect the equations of different physical fields through coupling terms; coupling terms describe the interaction and influence between different physical fields; by solving the coupled equation system, the distribution and change of the physical field are obtained; During the numerical simulation process, boundary conditions are set to consider the constraints and coupling relationships between different physical fields. Sensitivity analysis is performed to observe the response changes of other physical fields by changing the initial conditions or parameters of a physical field. Sensitivity analysis reveals the sensitivity and correlation between different physical fields. Through visualization and data analysis methods, the distribution of different physical fields is visualized; by drawing vector diagrams of temperature and fluid velocity, the correlation and coupling effect between them are observed; by minimizing the objective function, the parameters of the model are adjusted to find the coupling relationship and parameter values between different physical fields.

9. A hydrogen fuel cell electromechanical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupled model simulation system, which is applied to the hydrogen fuel cell electromechanical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupled model simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell machine-electricity-heat-flow multi-field coupling model simulation system includes: A model partitioning module is used to establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the hydrogen fuel cell based on its actual geometric structure. The three-dimensional geometric model includes the hydrogen fuel cell stack, electrolyte membrane, hydrogen and oxygen supply channels, cooling system, and current collector components; and divide the three-dimensional geometric model into discrete grid cells. The iterative calculation module is used to establish mathematical models of multiple physical fields such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fluid based on grid cells, and define boundary conditions for the mathematical models, including inlet conditions, outlet conditions, boundary temperature, and boundary pressure. The established physical models and boundary conditions are substituted into the coupled equations and solved using numerical methods. Through iterative calculations, the distribution and changes of different physical fields are obtained. The result output module is used to evaluate the key parameters of the fuel cell's output voltage, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution, as well as the mutual influence and coupling effects of various physical fields based on the distribution and change results of different physical fields.

Images