A method for constructing near-natural habitats for white cranes using reclaimed farmland.

Abstract

A method for constructing a white crane habitat in a near-natural manner using retired farmland belongs to the field of ecological engineering technology and solves the current limiting problems of low bionic performance of artificially constructed white crane population habitats and the lack of biological food resources for white cranes. The method includes: 1. Site selection and matrix repair of white crane habitats; 2. Targeted introduction of germplasm resources; 3. Supplementation of biological food resources; 4. Staged management and health assessment of white crane habitats. The present invention is used to construct a white crane habitat in a near-natural manner using retired farmland.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering, and in particular relates to a method for constructing a white crane habitat in a near-natural manner by utilizing retired farmland. Background Art

[0002] The Siberian Crane is a large wading bird of the Gruidae family and the Gruiformes order. There are three independent populations in the world, which are widely distributed in Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, China and other countries. Because its population has survived on Earth for more than 60 million years, it is known as the "living fossil" of birds. Currently, there are only more than 5,000 Siberian Cranes left in the world. It is rated as a critically endangered species in the IUCN Red List and is a first-class protected wild animal in my country.

[0003] However, due to the combined impact of global climate change and human social activities, habitat fragmentation and lack of food sources have led to the increasingly prominent problem of habitat degradation of white cranes, which has profoundly affected the resting quality and migration safety of white crane populations. Therefore, the near-natural construction of white crane habitats has become a key scientific issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the fields of wetland ecology and biodiversity conservation.

[0004] Current approaches to constructing white crane habitats mainly include wetland vegetation restoration and ecological planting on retired farmland.

[0005] For example, the existing patent document CN 117441676 A discloses a method for rapidly rebuilding the food source habitat of white cranes using derelict farmland: including: S1, selection of degraded farmland plots; S2, construction of a network of connected plots; S3, improvement of local soil habitat elements; S4, coating treatment of water chestnut corms; S5, cultivation of water chestnut corms; S6, hydrological environment regulation and management. This patent focuses on the degree of salinity in plot selection and only focuses on the single species of water chestnut. The principle of wetland vegetation restoration technology is clear and easy to operate. It can rebuild an ecological environment suitable for white cranes to rest in a short time, but this type of technology fails to consider the behavioral needs of white cranes such as food source acquisition and drinking water, and fails to propose quantitative technology for technical points such as the type of restored vegetation and the scale of the restoration area; the ecological planting method of derelict farmland can provide sufficient food for white cranes, but this method is limited in applicable area and there are disputes such as illegal reclamation and utilization of wetland resources.

[0006] Therefore, how to achieve the sustainable construction of white crane habitats by integrating technical means such as habitat restoration and food source biological replenishment while taking into account near-natural restoration has become a key issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the field of wetland ecological protection. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention proposes a method for constructing a white crane habitat in a near-natural manner using retired farmland, the purpose of which is to solve the limiting problems of low bionic performance of the current artificially constructed white crane population habitat and the lack of biological food resources for the white crane.

[0008] The present invention proposes a method for constructing a white crane habitat in a near-natural manner using abandoned farmland, comprising:

[0009] S1: Site selection and substrate repair of white crane habitats, including: selecting abandoned farmland adjacent to natural water bodies as target plots from mid-March to early April of the year when the habitat is constructed, manually turning over the surface soil in the target plots and part of the underwater surface soil, with the turning over depth of the surface soil in the target plots not exceeding 30 cm; the part of the area away from the underwater surface soil refers to all the underwater surface soil within 10 meters from the edge of the water surface, and the turning over depth of the underwater surface soil is not more than 20 cm; and adding dry crushed reed substrate at a specification of 15-18 kg / mu during the turning over process;

[0010] S2: Targeted introduction of germplasm resources, including: collecting soil seed bank resources at a depth of 0-10 cm in the adjacent natural wetlands from late April to early May of the year of habitat construction, and covering the surface of the soil that has been turned in the target plot after sufficient mixing; using the adjacent natural water bodies to replenish the soil within one week of the introduction of soil seed bank resources; monitoring the soil moisture content of the target plot every 15 days from early May to late September of the year of habitat construction, and replenishing the soil by spraying when the soil moisture content is less than 30%;

[0011] S3: Supply of biological food resources, including: selecting Scrubus serratus, Scrubus sanjiangensis, and Zizania latifolia as food plants for white cranes, selecting Small Earth Snail, Rainbow Snail, and Amber Snail as food snails for white cranes, selecting Ostrea serratus, Loach, and Channa ge's as food fish for white cranes; from mid-May to early June of the year of habitat construction, digging Scrubus serratus, Scrubus sanjiangensis, and Zizania latifolia rhizomes in natural wetlands as cultivation resources, cultivating Scrubus serratus, Scrubus sanjiangensis, and Zizania latifolia rhizomes in different areas, with each cultivation area being equal in area, and the cultivation of Scrubus serratus The density is 5-10 stems / square meter, the cultivation density of the three-river grass is 3-5 stems / square meter, and the cultivation density of the rhizomes of the radix scoparia is 5-10 stems / square meter; the food-source snails are mixed and stocked in the adjacent natural water body with a ratio of 20-30% male snails and 70-80% female snails, and the stocking density is 300-600 / square meter; the food-source fish are mixed and stocked in the adjacent natural water body with a ratio of 25-35% male fish and 65-75% female fish, and the stocking density is 100-200 / square meter;

[0012] S4: Phased management and health assessment of the white crane habitat, including: prohibiting regional grazing activities from May to October of the year the habitat is constructed, and restricting human social activities within 500 meters of the habitat from October of the year the habitat is constructed to May of the following year; conducting a survey of germplasm resources and food source organisms in July of the following year after the white crane habitat is constructed, and assessing the near-natural recovery level and health of the white crane habitat. When the natural recovery level and health level standards are met, the construction of the white crane habitat is completed.

[0013] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: in S1, the area of ​​the target plot is 2-3 mu.

[0014] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: in S1, the target plot has been abandoned for more than 5 years, and the target plot has no history of application of highly toxic pesticides.

[0015] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided: the highly toxic pesticides include: thiophanate-methyl, phorate and methamidophos.

[0016] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the elevation of the target plot relative to the water surface of the adjacent natural water body is 5-10 meters, the shape of the target plot is mound-shaped and the slope angle is 3-7°.

[0017] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the soil salt content of the target plot is lower than 45 mmol / L, and the soil pH value is less than 8.

[0018] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: in S2, the method of collecting soil seed bank resources is: non-adjacent patch method.

[0019] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: in S2, the covering thickness is 1-2 cm.

[0020] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: replenishing water to the soil to keep the soil moisture content at 60%-80%.

[0021] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: in S4, the criteria for assessing the near-natural recovery level and health of the white crane habitat are: surface plant coverage greater than 60%, density of underground bulbs of food plants greater than 30 stems / square meter, density of food snails greater than 26 / square meter, and density of food fish greater than 5 / square meter.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0023] The present invention solves the problems existing in the existing wetland vegetation restoration technology, such as failure to consider the behavioral needs of white cranes such as food acquisition and drinking water, failure to propose quantitative technology for technical points such as restoration vegetation type and restoration area scale, limited applicable area of ​​ecological planting method of retired farmland, and disputes over illegal reclamation and utilization of wetland resources.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The method described in the present invention has clear principles, is easy to implement and has low cost.

[0026] The method described in the present invention follows the concept of near-natural restoration, comprehensively covers multiple elements involved in natural wetland ecosystems, such as soil, hydrology, plants, and animals, and the constructed white crane habitat can achieve the self-development and evolution of the local ecosystem without the need for frequent artificial maintenance. In addition, the method described in the present invention can attract white crane populations to inhabit and feed in the same year after implementation, and is suitable for promotion and application in the process of returning farmland to wetlands projects and the development of biodiversity protection industries.

[0027] 2. The method described in the present invention can effectively improve the bionic performance of artificially constructed habitats.

[0028] The method described in the present invention combines the actual clustering site selection habits and drinking and feeding requirements of the white crane population, and selects the abandoned farmland on the earthen mound adjacent to the open water as the restoration target, which can fully meet the habits of the white crane population to rest at high altitudes at night and to feed and drink water in the adjacent waters, and can effectively improve the wetting efficiency of abandoned farmland in special terrain areas. In addition, the content of the present invention covers key measures such as soil loosening and harrowing, targeted introduction of germplasm resources, and configuration of food source organisms, which can comprehensively solve ecological problems such as soil compaction, seed source loss, and sharp decline in food source organisms caused by agricultural production activities, thereby effectively improving the bionic performance of abandoned farmland in the near-natural restoration process of white crane habitats.

[0029] 3. The method described in the present invention can effectively improve the self-development quality of the white crane habitat.

[0030] The method described in the present invention selects typical white crane food source organisms and sets the partitioned high-light-efficiency cultivation orientation and density, which can effectively optimize the plant's absorption of photosynthetic photon flux rate, thereby enhancing its efficiency in converting into photochemical energy and biomass, thereby effectively providing the development density and quality of underground food source corms / rhizomes. In addition, the present invention sets differentiated stocking densities and male-female ratios for food source snails and food source fish, respectively, which can effectively utilize multiple niche spaces and provide the relative frequency of outcrossing or self-crossing in the population, thereby improving the near-natural reconstruction and self-breeding level of the food source biological population, and effectively improving the self-development quality of the white crane habitat.

[0031] 4. The method described in the present invention is safe and effective, and does not pose any ecological safety issues.

[0032] The germplasm resource types and food source biological species selected by the present invention are common species in natural wetlands, and can all be obtained from natural wetlands adjacent to the white crane habitat. There are no ecological safety hazards and risks of invasion by alien species.

[0033] In summary, the method described in the present invention has a clear principle and strong operability. It can use the abandoned farmland to effectively construct a resting habitat for the white crane population and increase the probability of replenishing food source biological resources. The construction idea is consistent with the concept of near-natural restoration, and there is no risk of engineering safety hazards and interference with the health of the natural wetland ecosystem. When the method described in the present invention is used to construct a white crane habitat, the probability of the white crane population resting in groups reaches 100%, and the comprehensive food source replenishment rate of the white crane reaches 100%.

[0034] The present invention is suitable for constructing a white crane habitat in a near-natural manner using abandoned farmland. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction structure of the white crane habitat according to the first specific implementation mode of the present invention, wherein 1 is the adjacent water body; 2 is the food source fish organism; 3 is the food source snail organism; 4 is the food source plant; 5 is the soil seed bank; 6 is the surface soil after rotation; 7 is the abandoned farmland matrix;

[0037] Figure 2 The germination rate of food source plants described in the first embodiment of the present invention; lowercase letters a, b, c represent significant differences in the germination rate of food source plants under different planting densities at the 0.05 level;

[0038] Figure 3 The figures are the survival rate results of food source animals described in the first specific implementation mode of the present invention. The lowercase letters a, b, c, and d represent the significant differences in the survival rate of food source organisms under different stocking densities at the 0.05 level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to prevent unnecessary details from obstructing the description of the present application.

[0040] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0041] It should also be understood that the terms used in this application specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0042] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application, but the present application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific implementation methods disclosed below.

[0044] Implementation method 1:

[0045] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 This embodiment will be described.

[0046] A method for constructing a white crane habitat in a near-natural environment using retired farmland, comprising: 1. Site selection and substrate repair of the white crane habitat; 2. Targeted introduction of germplasm resources; 3. Supplementation of food source biological resources; 4. Tiered management and health assessment of the white crane habitat.

[0047] 1. Site selection and substrate repair of white crane habitat:

[0048] From mid-March to early April, abandoned farmland adjacent to natural water bodies was selected as the proposed white crane habitat. The selected abandoned farmland was required to have been abandoned for more than 5 years and had no history of application of highly toxic pesticides such as phosphite, methyl parathion, and methyl parathion, so as to avoid residual toxic compounds in the soil threatening the life safety of individual white cranes; the target plots were required to have a soil salt content of less than 45mmol / L and a soil pH value of less than 8, so as to avoid soil salinization causing secondary stress on the habitat and restrictions on the subsequent application of germplasm resources; the selected target plots were required to have an area of ​​2-3 mu, with an elevation of 5-10 meters relative to the adjacent water surface, a mound-like shape, and a slope angle of 3-7°, to meet the white crane habitat. The requirements for the growth and development of food organisms and the feeding habits of white cranes must be met; the surface soil at a depth of 0-30 cm and the underwater surface soil at a depth of 0-20 cm within 10 meters from the edge of the water surface must be turned over, and during the turning process, dry crushed reed matrix must be added at a specification of 15-18 kg / mu to increase the soil organic matter content and provide a basic food source for aquatic food organisms.

[0049] 2. Targeted introduction of germplasm resources:

[0050] From late April to early May, soil seed banks were introduced into the target plots, and targeted water replenishment was carried out during the plant growth cycle. The soil seed banks used were required to be obtained from adjacent natural wetlands, and the soil seed bank resources with a depth of 0-10 cm were collected in a non-adjacent patch manner during the acquisition process to avoid damage to the germplasm resources of natural wetlands. The adjacent natural wetland types were required to be tubercles sedge wetlands, gray vein sedge wetlands, and Ula grass wetlands to meet the plant type requirements of the white cranes during the site selection process. The collected soil seed bank resources were required to be fully mixed and covered on the target plots with a thickness of 1-2 cm. The soil surface in the block has been turned over to quickly introduce natural wetland germplasm resources in a near-natural way, thereby effectively alleviating the problem of wetland germplasm resource scarcity caused by agricultural production activities; it is required to use the adjacent natural water body to replenish water to 60%-80% by spraying within one week after the introduction of soil seed bank resources, so as to meet the water demand in the early stage of germplasm resource development and avoid erosion of the topsoil by flooding; it is required to monitor the soil moisture content of the target plot every 15 days from early May to late September, and when the soil moisture content is lower than 30%, use spraying to replenish water to 60%-80%.

[0051] 3. Food source biological resource replenishment:

[0052] From mid-May to early June, select plants, snails, and fish that are food sources for white cranes and introduce them into natural waters near the target plots. Bolboschoenus planiculmis)、Scirpus sanjiangensis( Schoenoplectus nipponicus ),mushroom( Zizania latifolia ) as food plants for white cranes; requiring the underground corms of Scirpus serrata, Scirpus sanjiangensis and Zizania latifolia to be dug up in natural wetlands nearby as cultivation resources, and planting Scirpus serrata, Scirpus sanjiangensis and Zizania latifolia in rows parallel to the highest direction of the local sun at noon in July at a density of 5-10 stems / m2, 3-5 stems / m2 and 5-10 stems / m2, so as to increase the survival rate of food plant seedlings and reserve ecological space for the self-development of the population, thereby promoting the proliferation of food plants to meet the feeding needs of white cranes; requiring the selection of small soil snails ( Galba pervia )、Rainbow Snail ( Pupilla Cryptodon )、Amber snail( Succinea indica Pfeiffer ) as the food source snails for white cranes; the food source snails are required to be mixed and released at a density of 300-600 per square meter, and the proportion of 20-30% male snails and 70-80% female snails is configured to achieve self-propagation of food source snail populations; it is required to select wheat ear fish ( Pseudorasbora parva ),loach( Misgurnus anguillicaudatus )、Canna chussop Perccottus glenii ) as food-source fish organisms; it is required to stock food-source fish organisms at a density of 100-200 per square meter, and configure them in a ratio of 25-35% male fish and 65-75% female fish, so as to achieve the breeding of food-source fish populations. Figure 2 The germination rate of food source plants is as follows. Figure 3 The survival rate results of food source animals, where different lowercase letters represent significant differences in the germination rate (survival rate) of food source plants (food source organisms) under different planting / stocking density conditions at the 0.05 level.

[0053] 4. Phased management and health assessment of white crane habitats:

[0054] After the construction of the white crane habitat, phased control measures will be implemented, and regular surveys of germplasm resources and food sources will be conducted. It is required that regional grazing activities be prohibited from May to October of the year after the construction of the white crane habitat is completed, and human social activities within 500 meters of the white crane habitat will be restricted from October to May of the following year, so as to prevent livestock from grazing on the surface vegetation in the habitat and avoid human activities from interfering with the population of the inhabiting white cranes; it is required to conduct a survey of germplasm resources and food sources in July of the following year after the construction of the white crane habitat is completed, and the near-natural recovery level and health standards of the white crane habitat will be defined based on the standards of surface plant community coverage greater than 60%, underground bulb density of food source plants greater than 30 stems / square meter, food source snail density greater than 26 / square meter, and food source fish density greater than 5 / square meter.

[0055] The method described in this embodiment has a clear principle and strong operability. It can use the abandoned farmland to effectively construct a resting habitat for the white crane population and increase the probability of replenishing food source biological resources. The construction idea is consistent with the concept of near-natural restoration, and there is no risk of engineering safety hazards and interference with the health of the natural wetland ecosystem. The method is used to construct a white crane habitat, and the probability of the white crane population resting in groups reaches 100%, and the comprehensive food source replenishment rate of the white crane reaches 100%.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, a means that the difference between the result it represents and the results represented by b, bc, and c reaches a significant level at the significance level of p < 0.05; b means that the difference between the result it represents and the results represented by a and c reaches a significant level at the significance level of p < 0.05; c means that the difference between the result it represents and the results represented by a, ab, and b reaches a significant level at the significance level of p < 0.05; ab means that the difference between the result it represents and the result represented by c reaches a significant level at the significance level of p < 0.05, but there is no significant difference between the result it represents and the results represented by a, b, and bc; bc means that the difference between the result it represents and the result represented by a reaches a significant level at the significance level of p < 0.05, but there is no significant difference between the result it represents and the results represented by b, ab, and c.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, a means that the difference between the result it represents and the results represented by b, bc, c, and cd reaches a significant level at the significance level of p < 0.05; b means that the difference between the result it represents and the results represented by a, c, and cd reaches a significant level at the significance level of p < 0.05; c means that the difference between the result it represents and the results represented by a and b reaches a significant level at the significance level of p < 0.05; bc means that the difference between the result it represents and the result represented by a reaches a significant level at the significance level of p < 0.05, but there is no significant difference between it and the results represented by b, bc, and cd; cd means that the difference between the result it represents and the results represented by a and b reaches a significant level at the significance level of p < 0.05, but there is no significant difference between it and the results represented by bc and c.

[0058] Implementation method 2:

[0059] This embodiment is a further example of the method for constructing a near-natural habitat for white cranes using retired farmland as described in the first embodiment.

[0060] This implementation method is to carry out the construction of the white crane population habitat in the Momong National Nature Reserve. During the construction of the white crane habitat, the following methods are implemented:

[0061] 1. Site selection and substrate repair of white crane habitat:

[0062] On March 16, 2023, an idle land (2.3 mu) with a retirement period of more than 5 years and no history of application of highly toxic pesticides was selected as the target plot in the Momong National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province. The plot is in the shape of a mound (slope angle 5.6°) and is adjacent to a persistent marsh (relative elevation difference 6.6 meters). The soil salt content is 23mmol / L and the pH value is 7.2. The adjacent persistent marsh has an area of ​​3.2 mu and an average water depth of 52 cm.

[0063] On April 10, 2023, rotary tillage machinery will be used to turn over the surface soil at a depth of 0-30 cm in the target plot and the underwater surface soil at a depth of 0-20 cm within 10 meters from the edge of the open water surface. After the first turning over, the soil surface will be covered with dry crushed reed matrix according to the specification of 16 kg / mu, and rotary tillage machinery will be used for a second turning over to fully mix the surface soil with the added matrix.

[0064] 2. Targeted introduction of germplasm resources:

[0065] On May 1, 2023, the surface soil seed bank with a depth of 0-10 cm was collected in the form of non-adjacent patches in the natural sedge wetland of the Momong National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province. The collected soil seed bank resources were fully mixed and evenly covered on the surface of the soil that had been turned over in the target plot with a thickness of 2 cm; after the introduction of the germplasm resources, the adjacent water body was extracted using pumping machinery facilities, and the germplasm resource matrix was replenished with water to a moisture content of 60% by spraying. From the first completion of the spraying operation to September 30, 2023, the soil moisture content of the target plot was randomly monitored every 15 days. When the soil moisture content was lower than 30%, artificial spraying was used to replenish water.

[0066] 3. Food source biological resource replenishment:

[0067] On May 16, 2023, flat-stemmed Scirpus, Sanjiang Scirpus and Zizania latifolia were cultivated in the turned underwater soil plots. During the cultivation process, the above-mentioned food plants were cultivated in the south direction at a density of 0-3 stems / m2, 3-5 stems / m2, 5-10 stems / m2 and 10-20 stems / m2, respectively. Among them, the germination rates of flat-stemmed Scirpus (95±5.14%), Sanjiang Scirpus (90.16±6.14%) and Zizania latifolia (81.54±5.41%) were the highest when cultivated at a density of 5-10 stems / m2, 3-5 stems / m2 and 5-10 stems / m2.

[0068] From May 16 to September 30, 2023, small earth snails, rainbow snails and amber snails were stocked in the separation areas adjacent to the waters at a density of 100-200 / m2, 200-300 / m2, 300-600 / m2, and 600-1000 / m2, with a ratio of 20-30% male snails and 70-80% female snails. The survival rate of food source snails was the highest at a stocking density of 300-600 / m2 (81.37±3.51%). In the designated area, whitebait, loach, and snakehead carp are stocked at densities of 100-200, 200-300, 300-600, and 600-1000 per square meter, with a ratio of 25-35% male fish and 65-75% female fish. The survival rate of food fish was the highest (76.15±5.14%) at a stocking density of 100-200 per square meter. The separation devices will be removed after September 30, 2022 to allow complete stocking of food organisms.

[0069] 4. Phased management and health assessment of white crane habitats:

[0070] From May 2022 to October 2022, after the construction of the white crane habitat is completed, partition fences will be set up to prohibit livestock from grazing on the surface plant communities in the habitat. From October 2022 to May 2023, warning signs will be placed 500 meters outside the white crane habitat to prohibit human interference during the white cranes' stay. In July 2023, a survey of germplasm resources and food source organisms will be carried out, and the near-natural recovery level and health standards of the white crane habitat will be defined based on the standards of surface plant community coverage greater than 60%, underground bulb density of food source plants greater than 30 stems / square meter, food source snail density greater than 26 / square meter, and food source fish density greater than 5 / square meter.

[0071] After the construction of the white crane habitat, there are no safety hazards and no ecological damage. In the year of the habitat construction, 78 white cranes were attracted to live and feed here. The survey results in July 2023 showed that the surface vegetation coverage rate of the area was 75%, the underground bulb density of food source plants was 121 stems / square meter, the density of food source snails was 36 / square meter, and the density of food source fish was 6 / square meter. The near-natural restoration and long-term self-development of the habitat have been achieved.

[0072] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the various embodiments of the present disclosure and / or the features described in the claims may be combined or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present disclosure. It is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or perform equivalent substitutions on some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0073] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0074] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure rather than to limit its protection scope. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that after reading the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation methods of the invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the protection scope of the disclosed claims to be approved.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a white crane habitat in a near-natural manner using abandoned farmland, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1: Site selection and substrate repair of white crane habitats, including: selecting abandoned farmland adjacent to natural water bodies as target plots from mid-March to early April of the year when the habitat is constructed, the elevation of the target plot relative to the water surface of the adjacent natural water body is 5-10 meters, the shape of the target plot is in the shape of a mound and the slope angle is 3-7°; the adjacent natural water body type is a lake or pond, the open water surface area is 3-4 mu, and the water body depth is 0-60 cm; artificially turning over the surface soil in the target plot and part of the underwater surface soil, the turning over depth of the surface soil in the target plot is not more than 30 cm; the area of ​​part of the underwater surface soil refers to all underwater surface soil within 10 meters from the edge of the water surface, and the turning over depth of the underwater surface soil is not more than 20 cm; and adding dry crushed reed substrate at a specification of 15-18 kg / mu during the turning over process; S2: Targeted introduction of germplasm resources, including: collecting soil seed bank resources at a depth of 0-10 cm in the adjacent natural wetlands from late April to early May of the year of habitat construction, and covering the surface of the soil that has been turned in the target plot after sufficient mixing; using the adjacent natural water bodies to replenish the soil within one week of the introduction of soil seed bank resources, and monitoring the soil moisture content of the target plot every 15 days from early May to late September of the year of habitat construction. When the soil moisture content is lower than 30%, the soil is replenished by spraying; the adjacent natural wetland types are tuber sedge wetlands, gray vein sedge wetlands, and Ula grass wetlands; S3: Supply of biological food resources, including: selecting Scrubus serratus, Scrubus sanjiangensis, and Zizania latifolia as food plants for white cranes, selecting Small Earth Snail, Rainbow Snail, and Amber Snail as food snails for white cranes, selecting Ostrea serratus, Loach, and Channa ge's as food fish for white cranes; from mid-May to early June of the year of habitat construction, digging Scrubus serratus, Scrubus sanjiangensis, and Zizania latifolia rhizomes in natural wetlands as cultivation resources, cultivating Scrubus serratus, Scrubus sanjiangensis, and Zizania latifolia rhizomes in different areas, with each cultivation area being equal in area, and the cultivation of Scrubus serratus The density is 5-10 stems / square meter, the cultivation density of the three-river grass is 3-5 stems / square meter, and the cultivation density of the rhizomes of the radix scoparia is 5-10 stems / square meter; the food-source snails are mixed and stocked in the adjacent natural water body with a ratio of 20-30% male snails and 70-80% female snails, and the stocking density is 300-600 / square meter; the food-source fish are mixed and stocked in the adjacent natural water body with a ratio of 25-35% male fish and 65-75% female fish, and the stocking density is 100-200 / square meter; S4: Phased management and health assessment of the white crane habitat, including: prohibiting regional grazing activities from May to October of the year the habitat is constructed, and restricting human social activities within 500 meters of the habitat from October of the year the habitat is constructed to May of the following year; conducting a survey of germplasm resources and food source organisms in July of the following year after the white crane habitat is constructed, and assessing the near-natural recovery level and health of the white crane habitat. When the natural recovery level and health level standards are met, the construction of the white crane habitat is completed.

2. The method of using abandoned farmland to construct a near-natural habitat for white cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the area of ​​the target plot is 2-3 mu.

3. The method for constructing a white crane habitat in a near-natural manner using abandoned farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the target plot has been abandoned for more than 5 years, and the target plot has no history of application of highly toxic pesticides.

4. The method of using abandoned farmland to construct a near-natural habitat for white cranes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The highly toxic pesticides include: thiophanate-methyl, phorate and methamidophos.

5. The method of using abandoned farmland to construct a near-natural habitat for white cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil salt content of the target plot is lower than 45mmol / L and the soil pH value is less than 8.

6. The method of using abandoned farmland to construct a near-natural habitat for white cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the method of collecting soil seed bank resources is: non-adjacent patch method.

7. The method of using abandoned farmland to construct a near-natural habitat for white cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the covering thickness is 1-2 cm.

8. The method of using abandoned farmland to construct a near-natural habitat for white cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Rehydrate the soil so that the soil moisture content is between 60% and 80%.

9. The method of using abandoned farmland to construct a near-natural habitat for white cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the criteria for assessing the near-natural recovery level and health of the white crane habitat are: surface plant coverage greater than 60%, density of underground bulbs of food plants greater than 30 stems / square meter, density of food snails greater than 26 / square meter, and density of food fish greater than 5 / square meter.

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