A friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system and process

Abstract

The application relates to a friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system and process, wherein the additive manufacturing system comprises a sleeve structure, an inner core structure, a feeding device and a driving system. The sleeve structure is a hollow structure with open ends; the first end of the sleeve structure is a first friction stir end; the inner core structure is arranged in the interior of the sleeve structure, and a gap for passing raw materials exists between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure; the first end of the inner core structure is a second friction stir end; the feeding device is used for conveying the raw materials to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure; and the raw materials are processed to a thermoplastic state under the action of friction heat between the sleeve structure and the inner core structure and are deposited on a substrate or a deposited layer. The application can realize the switching of multiple additive modes, solves the technical problem that the additive process window of the existing friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system is narrow, has strong deposition layer organization regulation and control capability, and prepared components can meet more demanding industry requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and in particular to a stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process. Background Technology

[0002] Friction stir deposition additive manufacturing (FSD) is a novel solid-state additive manufacturing technology derived from friction stir welding and processing principles. Compared to melting additive manufacturing, FSD utilizes frictional heat to process metal materials to a thermoplastic state below their melting point, followed by layer-by-layer deposition. The deposited layers achieve tight bonding under the coupling effect of axial pressure and interlayer stirring, avoiding various defects inherent in the melting and solidification process. The higher deformation yield results in finer grains in the additive products, offering significant performance advantages. Consequently, this new technology has been rapidly adopted in aerospace, shipbuilding, and special vehicle industries since its inception.

[0003] Existing conventional solid-state additive manufacturing technologies, such as friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) and friction surfacing (FS), require alloy blanks as raw materials and cannot use particulate materials as raw materials for additive manufacturing, which limits the form and performance of the products.

[0004] Unlike conventional solid-state additive manufacturing technologies, additive friction deposition (AFSD) can achieve additive manufacturing using particles as raw materials. Metal particles, in particular, possess characteristics such as a wide range of adjustable properties, high uniformity, and strong flowability. Furthermore, composite materials can be prepared through various particle doping methods, offering broader application possibilities in additive manufacturing.

[0005] However, the existing friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing technology has only one rotatable spindle. The heat input during the deposition process is controlled by a single rotating shaft, resulting in a narrow additive process window. This means that the uniformity of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the additive products prepared by this technology needs to be improved, and it cannot meet the industrial requirements that have very stringent requirements for the microstructure and performance of workpieces. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process, the main purpose of which is to solve the technical problem that the heat input during the deposition process is controlled by a single rotating shaft, resulting in a narrow additive process window in the existing friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system, comprising:

[0009] A sleeve structure, wherein the sleeve structure is a hollow structure with open ends; wherein the first end of the sleeve structure is a first stirring friction end;

[0010] An inner core structure is placed inside the sleeve structure, and there is a gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure for the raw material to pass through; the first end of the inner core structure is a second stirring friction end;

[0011] A feeding device is used to convey raw materials to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure;

[0012] A drive system, comprising a first drive system and a second drive system; wherein the first drive system is connected to the sleeve structure and is used to control the rotation or stationary position of the sleeve structure; and the second drive system is connected to the inner core structure and is used to control the rotation or stationary position of the inner core structure.

[0013] When the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system prepares a deposition layer on the substrate: the sleeve structure is controlled to rotate or remain stationary, and the inner core structure is controlled to rotate; when the raw material moves to the gap between the first friction stir end and the second friction stir end, it rubs against the sleeve structure and the inner core structure; the resulting frictional deformation and frictional heat process at least part of the raw material into a thermoplastic state, which is then applied to the substrate to form a deposition layer; the deposition layer undergoes multiple passes and multiple directions of plastic deformation under the action of the ends of the first friction stir end and the second friction stir end.

[0014] Preferably, the sleeve structure and the inner core structure rotate independently of each other; and / or the rotation axes of the sleeve structure and the inner core structure are the same or similar; and / or the rotation directions of the sleeve structure and the inner core structure are the same or opposite.

[0015] Preferably, the end of the first stirring friction end is designed as any one of a first structure, a second structure, a third structure, and a fourth structure; wherein, the first structure is a planar structure; the second structure is a textured end; the third structure is an end provided with a stirring needle; the fourth structure is a stepped structure; and / or the end of the second stirring friction end is designed as any one of a first structure, a second structure, and a third structure; wherein, the first structure is a planar structure; the second structure is a textured end; and the third structure is an end provided with a stirring needle.

[0016] Preferably, the end of the second stirring friction end is flush with the end of the first stirring friction end; or, relative to the end of the first stirring friction end, the end of the second stirring friction end is recessed within the hollow structure of the sleeve structure.

[0017] Preferably, the sleeve structure includes a cylindrical cylinder structure and a frustum-shaped cylinder structure; wherein, the large-diameter end of the frustum-shaped cylinder structure is connected to the cylindrical cylinder structure; wherein, the frustum-shaped cylinder structure forms the first stirring friction end of the sleeve structure, and the end of the small-diameter end of the frustum-shaped cylinder structure is the end of the first stirring friction end.

[0018] Preferably, the inner core structure includes a cylindrical structure and a frustum-shaped structure; wherein, the large end of the frustum-shaped structure is connected to the cylindrical structure; wherein, the frustum-shaped structure forms the second stirring friction end of the inner core structure, and the small end of the frustum-shaped structure is the end of the second stirring friction end.

[0019] Preferably, the cylindrical body structure of the sleeve structure is arranged around the cylindrical body structure of the inner core structure; the frustum-shaped body structure of the sleeve structure is arranged around the frustum-shaped body structure of the inner core structure.

[0020] Preferably, the gap between the frustum-shaped cylindrical structure and the frustum-shaped structure gradually decreases from the large-diameter end to the small-diameter end.

[0021] Preferably, the inner core structure is provided with a feeding thread; wherein, after the feeding device delivers the raw material to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure, the raw material falls onto the feeding thread; wherein, the rotation direction of the inner core structure is opposite to the rotation direction of the feeding thread, so that the raw material is delivered to the contact point between the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and the substrate after passing through the gap between the first and second friction stir ends via the feeding thread; preferably, when the inner core structure includes a cylindrical structure and a frustum structure: the feeding thread is only provided on the frustum structure; or the feeding thread is provided on the frustum structure and also on the cylindrical structure at a position close to the frustum structure.

[0022] Preferably, the feeding device includes:

[0023] A feeding structure is a cylindrical structure with open ends and a hollow interior; wherein the hollow interior of the cylindrical structure forms a feeding cavity; the feeding structure is disposed in the gap between the second end of the sleeve structure and the second end of the inner core structure; wherein the second end of the sleeve structure and the first end are arranged opposite to each other; the second end of the inner core structure and the first end are arranged opposite to each other; preferably, the feeding structure is connected to the sleeve structure and the inner core structure respectively through bearings; preferably, there are multiple feeding structures, and the multiple feeding structures are evenly distributed in the gap between the second end of the sleeve structure and the second end of the inner core structure.

[0024] Preferably, the feeding device includes:

[0025] A feeding structure includes a first annular wall and a second annular wall; wherein the first annular wall surrounds the second annular wall to form a feeding cavity with open ends between the first and second annular walls; wherein the feeding structure is positioned in the gap between the second end of the sleeve structure and the second end of the inner core structure; wherein the second annular wall is connected to the second end of the inner core structure via a bearing, and the first annular wall is connected to the second end of the sleeve structure via a bearing; wherein the second end and the first end of the sleeve structure are arranged opposite to each other; the second end and the first end of the inner core structure are arranged opposite to each other.

[0026] Preferably, the raw material entering the feeding structure can be transported to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure by gravity; and / or the feeding cavity of the feeding structure is provided with a rotating screw, which can transport the raw material to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure.

[0027] Preferably, the feeding structure is connected to a feeding hopper to transport raw materials to the feeding chamber of the feeding structure, and then to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure; preferably, the feeding hopper is equipped with a vibration device to improve the feeding efficiency of the feeding hopper and the feeding structure by vibrating the feeding hopper.

[0028] Preferably, the feeding device further includes:

[0029] External silo;

[0030] A conveying pipeline, wherein one end of the conveying pipeline is connected to the external silo, and the other end is directly connected to the feeding structure or connected to the feeding hopper on the feeding structure;

[0031] A conveying device is connected to the conveying pipeline and the external silo, and is used to convey the raw materials of the external silo to the feeding structure through the conveying pipeline; preferably, the conveying device is a pneumatic conveying device; more preferably, the pneumatic conveying device is a blower.

[0032] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing process, wherein particulate material is used as raw material, and the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system described above is used to process the raw material to a thermoplastic state below the melting point temperature and deposit it on a substrate.

[0033] Preferably, the stir-friction deposition solid-state additive manufacturing process includes a first additive mode, a second additive mode, and a third additive mode; wherein, in the first additive mode: the inner core structure rotates at a first speed in a first direction, and the sleeve structure is stationary; or the inner core structure is stationary, and the sleeve structure rotates at a second speed in a second direction; the second additive mode is: the inner core structure rotates at a first speed in a first direction; and the sleeve structure rotates at a second speed in a second direction; wherein, the first speed and the second speed are the same; the third additive mode is: the inner core structure rotates at a first speed in a first direction; and the sleeve structure rotates at a second speed in a second direction; the first... The rotational speed and the second rotational speed are different; preferably, the second rotational speed is lower than the first rotational speed. Preferably, the first direction and the second direction are the same direction or opposite directions. Preferably, in the process of stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing: any additive mode is selected, or switching is performed between the first additive mode, the second additive mode, and the third additive mode according to actual needs. Preferably, the first rotational speed is 100-6000 rpm, preferably 500-3000 rpm, and more preferably 800-2000 rpm. Preferably, the second rotational speed is 100-6000 rpm, preferably 500-3000 rpm, and more preferably 800-2000 rpm.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0035] In existing technologies, the heat input and material deformation of friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing systems using granular materials are controlled uniaxially. Compared to this prior art, this invention provides a friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process. By designing two rotatable structures (i.e., a sleeve structure and an inner core structure placed within the sleeve structure) and a feeding device, the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system provided in this embodiment, in addition to achieving additive manufacturing using granular materials as raw materials, also has the following additive modes: a first additive mode (uniaxial solid additive mode: the inner core structure rotates while the sleeve structure remains stationary; or the inner core structure remains stationary while the sleeve structure rotates), a second additive mode (biaxial same-speed solid additive mode: the sleeve structure and the inner core structure rotate at the same speed), and a third additive mode (differential-speed solid additive mode: the sleeve structure and the inner core structure rotate at different speeds). These additive modes can be switched arbitrarily, thereby enabling multi-pass, multi-directional friction stirring of the deposition layer. The friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system provided in this embodiment exhibits a maximum deformation of the deposited layer material that is more than twice that of a uniaxial solid-state additive manufacturing system at the same rotational speed. This provides stronger control over the microstructure and properties of the fabricated components, meeting more stringent industrial requirements. For example, the differential solid-state additive manufacturing mode allows the core structure to rotate at a higher speed while the sleeve structure rotates at a lower speed, with the core and sleeve structures rotating in opposite directions, resulting in a more uniform distribution of the microstructure and properties of the deposited material. Therefore, the solution of this embodiment addresses the technical problem of existing friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing systems and processes where heat input is controlled by a single rotational axis during deposition, leading to a narrow additive process window.

[0036] Furthermore, in the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process provided in this embodiment of the invention, the feeding structure is rotatably connected between the sleeve structure and the inner core structure, and is externally connected to the material bin, thereby realizing continuous solid additive manufacturing of metal particles and significantly improving production efficiency.

[0037] Furthermore, the stir friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process provided in this embodiment of the invention, under the premise of ensuring continuous feeding, allows the sleeve structure and the inner core structure to rotate in the same or opposite directions at different speeds, thereby realizing differential solid additive deposition, expanding the process margin of solid additive manufacturing, and significantly improving the controllability of the microstructure and mechanical properties of additive components.

[0038] Furthermore, the stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process provided in this embodiment of the invention softens at least part of the metal particles and then flows them out and coats them onto the substrate, which can achieve soft contact between the deposited layer and the substrate, reduce the axial compressive stress between the metal material and the substrate, reduce defects in the solid additive component, and improve the uniformity of the microstructure in the thickness direction of the solid additive component.

[0039] Furthermore, the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process provided in this embodiment of the invention has a first friction stir end and a second friction stir end, which is equivalent to designing a rotating structure with two end faces directly acting on the deposited layer. The strain rate of the deposited layer can reach more than twice that of a uniaxial additive system, effectively refining the grain structure of the deposited layer and improving the mechanical properties of the additive components.

[0040] Furthermore, the stir friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process provided in this embodiment of the invention can use granular materials as raw materials for additive manufacturing, avoiding the current process of multiple plastic deformations and heat treatments required for additive rods and wires, and has good economic applicability.

[0041] In summary, the stir friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process provided in this invention have a wide range of applications. They are applicable to both metal and non-metal particles that can be heated to a thermoplastic state. Furthermore, various particle doping methods can be adopted to directly realize the additive manufacturing of composite materials, eliminating the need for ball milling, sintering and other processes, and achieving low-cost and high-efficiency preparation of composite material structural parts.

[0042] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a feeding structure connected to a feeding hopper provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another feeding structure connected to a feeding hopper provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a feeding device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another feeding device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another feeding structure connected to a feeding hopper provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stir friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system in which the sleeve structure and the inner core structure rotate in opposite directions, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a stir friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, in which the sleeve structure is stationary and the inner core structure rotates independently;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system with a stirring pin at the end of the second friction stir end, according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 9 Figure (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system. Figure 9 Figure (b) is Figure 9 The bottom view of Figure (a).

[0052] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein both the first and second friction stir ends are equipped with stirring pins; wherein, Figure 10 Figure (a) in Figure (10) is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system, and Figure (b) in Figure (10) is a bottom view of Figure (a).

[0053] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the end of the second friction stir end is higher than the end of the first friction stir end; wherein, Figure 11 Figure (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the triboelectric stirring deposition solid additive manufacturing system; Figure 11 Figure (b) is a bottom view of Figure (a).

[0054] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the end of the second friction stir end is higher than the end of the first friction stir end, and the end of the second friction stir end is provided with a stirring pin; wherein, Figure 12 Figure (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the triboelectric stirring deposition solid additive manufacturing system; Figure 12 Figure (b) is a bottom view of Figure (a).

[0055] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the end of the second friction stir end is higher than the end of the first friction stir end, and both the end of the first friction stir end and the end of the second friction stir end are provided with stirring pins; wherein, Figure 13 Figure (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the triboelectric deposition solid additive manufacturing system. Figure 13 Figure (b) is a bottom view of Figure (a).

[0056] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the morphology and distribution of stirring needles on the ends of a first stirring friction end and a second stirring friction end, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a stir friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system with an extended feed thread on the inner core structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 16 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stir friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system with no feed thread on the inner core structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a sleeve structure with a partial recess at the end of the first stirring friction end provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the inner core structure with textured end of the second stirring friction end provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] The reference numerals in the attached drawings are as follows: Friction Stir Deposition Solid-State Additive Manufacturing System 10; Sleeve Structure 11; Inner Core Structure 12; Feeding Structure 13; Feeding Hopper 14; External Feeding System 15; Conveying Equipment 151; External Storage Bin 152; Conveying Pipeline 153; Granular Material 101; Stirring Pin 111 located on the first friction stirring end; Stirring Pin 121 located on the second friction stirring end; Substrate 201; Deposition Layer 202; First Friction Stirring End 112; Second Friction Stirring End 122; Feeding Thread 123; Rotating Screw 131. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the specific embodiments, structures, features, and effects according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "embodiments" or "embodiments" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] On one hand, this embodiment provides a stir-friction deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system, which uses particulate material as raw material for stir-friction deposition additive manufacturing. For example... Figure 1 , Figures 7-18As shown, the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system 10 provided in this embodiment includes a sleeve structure 11, an inner core structure 12, a feeding device, and a drive system (not shown). The sleeve structure 11 is a hollow structure with open ends; the first end (i.e., the lower end) of the sleeve structure 11 is a first friction stir end 112. The inner core structure 12 is placed inside the sleeve structure 11, and a gap exists between the outer periphery of the inner core structure 12 and the inner wall of the sleeve structure 11 for the passage of raw material (granular material 101). The first end (i.e., the lower end) of the inner core structure 12 is a second friction stir end 122. The drive system includes a first drive system and a second drive system; the first drive system is connected to the sleeve structure and is used to control the rotation or stationary position of the sleeve structure; the second drive system is connected to the inner core structure and is used to control the rotation or stationary position of the inner core structure.

[0065] The feeding device is used to transport the raw material (granular material 101) to the gap between the inner core structure 12 and the sleeve structure 11. When the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system prepares a deposition layer on the substrate 201: the sleeve structure 11 is controlled to rotate or remain stationary, and the inner core structure 12 is controlled to rotate or remain stationary; when the raw material reaches the gap between the first friction stir end 112 and the second friction stir end 122, friction occurs between it and the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12; the resulting frictional deformation and frictional heat process at least a portion of the raw material (granular material 101) into a thermoplastic state, which is then applied to the substrate 201 to form a deposition layer 202 (multi-layer deposition is possible); the deposition layer 202 undergoes multiple passes and multiple directions of plastic deformation under the action of the ends of the first friction stir end 112 and the second friction stir end 122.

[0066] In contrast to existing solid-state additive manufacturing systems where heat input and material deformation are controlled uniaxially, the friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system provided in this embodiment, through the design of two rotating structures (i.e., the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 placed within the sleeve structure 11) and a feeding device, enables the friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system provided in this embodiment to not only achieve additive manufacturing using granular material 101 as raw material, but also to have multiple additive modes, such as: a first additive mode (uniaxial solid-state additive mode: the inner core structure 12 rotates while the sleeve structure 11 remains stationary; or the inner core structure 12 remains stationary while the sleeve structure 11 rotates), a second additive mode (biaxial same-speed solid-state additive mode: the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 rotate at the same speed), and a third additive mode (differential-speed solid-state additive mode: the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 rotate at different speeds). These additive modes can be switched arbitrarily, thereby achieving multi-pass, multi-directional friction stirring of the deposited layer. The friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system provided in this embodiment exhibits a maximum deformation of the deposited layer material more than twice that of a uniaxial solid additive manufacturing system at the same rotation speed. This provides stronger control over the microstructure and properties of the fabricated components, enabling it to meet more stringent industrial requirements. For example, the differential solid additive manufacturing mode allows the core structure 12 to rotate at a higher speed while the sleeve structure 11 rotates at a lower speed, with the rotation directions of the core structure 12 and the sleeve structure 11 being opposite. This results in a more uniform distribution of the microstructure and properties of the deposited material.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Preferably, this embodiment provides a stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system, which, compared with the previous embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figures 7-18 As shown, the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 rotate independently of each other. The rotation axes of the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 are the same or close to each other; the rotation directions of the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 are the same or opposite.

[0069] Preferably, the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system of this embodiment further includes a drive system (not shown in the figure). The sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 are rotated independently by the first drive system and the second drive system. Preferably, the first drive system and the second drive system are motor drive control systems.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] Preferably, this embodiment provides a stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system, which, compared with the above embodiments, has the following advantages: Figure 1 , Figures 7-18As shown, in this embodiment, the lower end of the sleeve structure 11 (defined as the first stirring friction end 112) and the lower end of the inner core structure 12 (defined as the second stirring friction end 122) are further designed as follows:

[0072] The end of the first stirring friction end 112 is designed as any one of the following structures: a first structure, a second structure, a third structure, and a fourth structure; wherein, the first structure is a planar structure; the second structure is an end with a textured surface to improve the metal fluidity of the deposited layer; and the third structure is an end with a stirring pin 111 (see...). Figure 10 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 The stirring needle 111 can be inserted into the substrate or the already deposited sediment layer. The fourth structure is a stepped structure (see...). Figure 17 The first stirring friction end 112 of the sleeve structure 11 shown is used to constrain the thermoplastic metal of the deposited layer.

[0073] The end of the second stirring friction end is designed as any one of the first, second, and third structures; wherein, the first structure is a planar structure; the second structure is a textured end (see...). Figure 18 The second stirring friction end 122 of the inner core structure 12 shown improves the metal fluidity of the deposited layer; the third structure is the end with a stirring pin 121 (see...). Figure 9-10 , Figure 12-14 The stirring needle 121 can be inserted into the deposited layer or the substrate.

[0074] Preferably, in this embodiment, the end of the second stirring friction end 122 is flush with the end of the first stirring friction end 112 (see...). Figure 1 (As shown). Alternatively, relative to the end of the first stirring friction end 112: the end of the second stirring friction end 122 is recessed within the hollow structure of the sleeve structure 11 (see...). Figures 11-13 That is, the end of the second stirring friction end 122 is higher than the end of the first stirring friction end 112.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] Preferably, this embodiment provides a stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system, which, compared with the above embodiments, has the following advantages: Figure 1 , Figures 7-18 As shown, in this embodiment, the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 are further designed as follows:

[0077] The sleeve structure 11 includes a cylindrical cylindrical structure (i.e., the main body of the sleeve structure) and a frustum-shaped cylindrical structure (one end is a large-diameter end and the other end is a small-diameter end); wherein, the large-diameter end of the frustum-shaped cylindrical structure is connected to the cylindrical cylindrical structure; wherein, the frustum-shaped cylindrical structure forms the first stirring friction end 112 of the sleeve structure 11, and the end of the small-diameter end of the frustum-shaped cylindrical structure is the end of the first stirring friction end 112.

[0078] The inner core structure 12 includes a cylindrical structure (i.e., the main body of the cylindrical structure) and a frustum-shaped structure (one end is the large end and the other end is the small end); wherein, the large end of the frustum-shaped structure is connected to the cylindrical structure; wherein, the frustum-shaped structure forms the second stirring friction end 122 of the inner core structure 12, and the small end of the frustum-shaped structure is the end of the second stirring friction end 122.

[0079] The cylindrical sleeve structure 11 surrounds the cylindrical inner core structure 12; the frustum-shaped sleeve structure 11 surrounds the frustum-shaped inner core structure 12. Preferably, the gap between the frustum-shaped sleeve structure and the frustum-shaped inner core structure gradually decreases from the large-diameter end to the small-diameter end (preferably, the gap ranges from 3 to 12 mm; the diameter of the raw material particles used ranges from 0.5 to 10 mm).

[0080] Example 5

[0081] Preferably, this embodiment provides a stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system, which, compared with the above embodiments, has the following advantages: Figure 1 , Figures 7-18 As shown, this embodiment is further designed as follows:

[0082] The inner core structure 12 is provided with a feeding thread 123; wherein, after the feeding device conveys the raw material (metal granules 101) to the gap between the inner core structure 12 and the sleeve structure 11, the raw material falls onto the feeding thread 123; wherein, the rotation direction of the inner core structure 12 is opposite to the rotation direction (downward rotation direction) of the feeding thread 123, so that the raw material is conveyed to the contact point between the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and the substrate 201 after passing through the gap between the first friction stir end and the second friction stir end through the feeding thread 123.

[0083] Preferably, when the inner core structure 12 includes a cylindrical structure and a frustum-shaped structure: the feeding thread 123 is only provided on the frustum-shaped structure (only provided on the second stirring friction end), see [reference]. Figure 1 As shown. Alternatively, the feed thread 123 is an extended thread; specifically, the feed thread 123 is not only provided on the frustum-shaped structure, but also on the cylindrical structure at a position close to the frustum-shaped structure (see...). Figure 15 (As shown).

[0084] Example 6

[0085] Preferably, this embodiment provides a stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system, which, compared with the above embodiments, has the following advantages: Figures 1-13 , Figures 15-16 As shown, this embodiment further designs the feeding device as follows:

[0086] The feeding device includes a feeding structure 13. The feeding structure 13 can be designed in two ways, but is not limited to these.

[0087] The first type: The feeding structure 13 is a cylindrical structure with open ends and a hollow interior; wherein, the hollow interior of the cylindrical structure forms a feeding cavity; the feeding structure 13 is disposed in the gap between the second end (upper end) of the sleeve structure 11 and the second end (upper end) of the inner core structure 12. The feeding structure 13 is connected to the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 respectively through bearings to realize independent rotation of the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12. Preferably, there are multiple feeding structures 13, and the multiple feeding structures 13 are evenly distributed in the gap between the second end of the sleeve structure 11 and the second end of the inner core structure 12.

[0088] The second type includes a feeding structure 13 comprising a first annular wall and a second annular wall; wherein the first annular wall surrounds the second annular wall to form a feeding cavity with open ends between the first and second annular walls. The feeding structure 13 is positioned in the gap between the second end (upper end) of the sleeve structure 11 and the second end (upper end) of the inner core structure 12; wherein the second annular wall is connected to the second end of the inner core structure 12 via a bearing, and the first annular wall is connected to the second end of the sleeve structure 11 via a bearing.

[0089] Preferably, the raw material (granular material 101, such as metal granules) entering the feeding structure 13 can be conveyed to the gap between the inner core structure 12 and the sleeve structure 11 by gravity. Specifically, the feeding structure 13 has an open upper end and an open lower end. The raw material enters the feeding structure from the open upper end and falls from the open lower end under the action of gravity to the gap between the inner core structure 12 and the sleeve structure 11 (when the inner core structure 12 is provided with a feeding thread 123, the raw material falls directly onto the feeding thread 123).

[0090] Preferably, a rotating screw 131 is provided inside the feeding chamber of the feeding structure 13 (see...). Figure 6 As shown), the raw material can be conveyed from the feeding structure to the gap between the inner core structure 12 and the sleeve structure 11 by rotating the screw 131 (when the inner core structure 12 is provided with a feeding thread 123, the raw material falls directly onto the feeding thread 123).

[0091] Preferably, a feeding hopper 14 is connected to the feeding structure 13 (preferably, the feeding hopper is connected to the upper opening of the feeding structure; preferably, when feeding by a rotating screw, the feeding hopper 14 can be connected to the upper side wall of the feeding structure), so as to convey the raw material to the feeding chamber of the feeding structure 13 through the feeding hopper 14, and then to the gap between the inner core structure 12 and the sleeve structure 11 by the feeding structure 13. Preferably, the feeding hopper 14 is connected to the upper opening of the feeding structure 13.

[0092] Preferably, the feed hopper 14 is equipped with a vibration device (see...). Figure 3 The feeding efficiency is improved by using the vibrating feed hopper 14.

[0093] Preferably, the feeding device further includes an external feeding system 15; wherein the external feeding system 15 includes: an external hopper 152, a conveying pipeline 153, and a conveying device 151; wherein one end of the conveying pipeline 153 is connected to the external hopper 152, and the other end is directly connected to the feeding structure 13 or connected to the feeding hopper 14 on the feeding structure 13. The conveying device 151 is connected to the conveying pipeline 153 and the external hopper 152, and is used to convey the raw materials of the external hopper 152 to the feeding structure 13 through the conveying pipeline 153. Preferably, the conveying device 151 is a pneumatic conveying device; more preferably, the pneumatic conveying device is a blower.

[0094] In this embodiment, by designing the feeding device with the above-described structure, continuous feeding of granular raw materials for stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing is achieved.

[0095] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system, which can be used for, but is not limited to, extrusion, additive manufacturing, coating, repair, material processing, material recycling and material production.

[0096] Example 7

[0097] Based on Examples 1-6, this example will describe the appendix in detail below. Figures 1-18 The specific implementation methods shown are described in detail below:

[0098] like Figure 1As shown: The sleeve structure 11 is hollow and can rotate clockwise at a first speed under the drive of a motor. The sleeve structure 11 contains an inner core structure 12 and a feeding structure 13. The feeding structure 13 is located between the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 and can feed the granular material 101 between the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12. The second stirring friction end 122 of the inner core structure 12 has an outer thread of a certain length (i.e., the feeding thread 123). The inner core structure 12 can rotate at a second speed under the drive of a motor. The second speed is equal to or different from the first speed, and the rotation direction is opposite to the downward rotation direction of the feeding thread 123, so that the granular material can be fed into the contact end between the lower end of the additive manufacturing system and the substrate or deposition layer through the feeding thread 123. The granular material ultimately accumulates in the narrow space at the lower end of the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12, generating heat through friction with these structures. This process brings the granular material to a thermoplastic state, allowing it to be applied to the surface of the workpiece or deposited layer by layer onto the substrate 201. The sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 rotate and rub against the deposited layer, enabling multiple passes of extrusion friction. This increases the deformation of the deposited material, provides strong control over its microstructure and properties, and results in a more uniform microstructure and properties. Consequently, the prepared workpieces can meet more demanding industrial requirements.

[0099] See Figure 2 As shown, the granular material 101 in the feeding hopper 14 continuously passes through the hollow part of the feeding structure 13 under the action of gravity and enters the gap between the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12.

[0100] See Figure 3 As shown, the feeding hopper 14 can vibrate at a certain frequency to accelerate the falling efficiency of the granular material 101 in the feeding hopper 14, thereby achieving more complete feeding of metal granular material.

[0101] See Figure 4 As shown, the granular material in the feeding hopper 14 is replenished by the external feeding system 15. The conveying equipment 151 sends the granular material 101 in the external silo 152 into the feeding hopper 14 through the conveying pipeline 153, thereby realizing continuous solid additive manufacturing of metal granular material.

[0102] See Figure 5 As shown, the conveying equipment 151 directly feeds the granular material 101 in the external hopper 152 into the hollow part of the feeding structure 13 through the conveying pipeline 153, and the feeding rate is controlled by the wind speed of the blower.

[0103] See Figure 6 As shown, the hollow part (i.e., the feeding chamber) of the feeding structure 13 contains a rotating screw 131, which feeds the granular material 101 between the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 by rotating the screw 131.

[0104] See Figure 7 As shown, the sleeve structure 11 rotates in the opposite direction to the inner core structure 12 at the same or different rotational speeds.

[0105] See Figure 8 As shown, the sleeve structure 11 is stationary, while the inner core structure 12 rotates independently.

[0106] See Figure 9 As shown, the end of the second stirring friction end of the inner core structure 12 contains a stirring pin 121 that can penetrate deep into the processing layer. The stirring pin 121 stirs the substrate 201 or the deposited layer 202 along with the rotation of the inner core structure 12. With the downward pressure of the inner core structure 12 on the deposited layer or substrate, the substrate 201 or the deposited layer 202 is tightly bonded to the material to be deposited, which improves the bonding force between the deposited layers and overcomes the problem of insufficient bonding force in the thickness direction of the additive sample.

[0107] See Figure 10 As shown, the end of the first stirring friction end of the sleeve structure 11 is equipped with a stirring pin 111, and the end of the second stirring friction end of the inner core structure 12 is equipped with a stirring pin 121. Both the stirring pin 111 and the stirring pin 121 extend into the substrate 201 or the deposition layer 202, further improving the interlayer bonding force and uniformity of the microstructure of the additive product.

[0108] See Figure 11 As shown, the end of the inner core structure 12 is higher than the end of the sleeve structure 11, which can improve the deposition rate of metal particles, have higher interlayer stacking efficiency, and at the same time, can compensate for defects in solid additive deposition layers and improve the quality of additive components.

[0109] See Figure 12 As shown, the end of the inner core structure 12 is higher than the end of the sleeve structure 11, and the end of the inner core structure 12 carries a stirring needle 121 that extends into the substrate 201 or the deposited layer 202. The stirring needle 121 rotates with the inner core structure 12 to stir the substrate 201 or the deposited layer 202, so as to achieve uniform mixing and molding of the substrate 201 or the deposited layer 202 material with thermoplastic metal particles, while improving the additive manufacturing efficiency and the interlayer bonding force of the additive components.

[0110] See Figure 13 As shown, the end of the first stirring friction end 112 of the sleeve structure 11 is equipped with a stirring pin 111, and the end of the second stirring friction end 122 of the inner core structure 12 is equipped with a stirring pin 121. Both stirring pins 111 and 121 extend into the substrate 201 or the deposition layer 202, further ensuring the interlayer bonding force of the high-efficiency additive process and the uniformity of the structure and properties of the additive product.

[0111] See Figure 14As shown, the shape of the stirring pin is not limited to a frustum. The number of stirring pins 111 on the sleeve structure 11 may be the same as or different from the number of stirring pins 121 on the inner core structure 12, so as to select a suitable number and distribution of stirring pins according to the characteristics of the metal granules.

[0112] See Figure 15 As shown, the inner core structure 12 is provided with an extended feeding thread 123 to further feed the metal granules completely into the end.

[0113] See Figure 16 As shown, the inner core structure 12 is not equipped with a feeding thread, and the particles reach the narrow space at the bottom of the device by their own gravity.

[0114] See Figure 17 As shown, the end portion of the first stirring friction end 112 of the sleeve structure 11 is recessed to form a stepped structure, which provides constraint on the metal in the thermoplastic state.

[0115] See Figure 18 As shown, the end of the second stirring friction end 122 of the inner core structure 12 has textures, which improves the fluidity of the additive layer metal and enables the control of the additive layer structure and mechanical properties.

[0116] Example 8

[0117] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing process. Specifically, using granular material as raw material, the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system described in any of the above embodiments is used to process the raw material to a thermoplastic state below the melting point temperature and deposit it on a substrate.

[0118] Preferably, the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing process includes a first additive mode (uniaxial solid additive mode), a second additive mode (biaxial same speed solid additive mode), and a third additive mode (differential speed solid additive mode).

[0119] Among them, such as Figure 1 , Figures 7-18 As shown, the first additive manufacturing mode is: the inner core structure 12 rotates at a first speed in a first direction, while the sleeve structure 11 remains stationary; or the inner core structure 12 remains stationary while the sleeve structure 11 rotates in a second direction.

[0120] The second additive manufacturing mode is as follows: the inner core structure 12 rotates in a first direction at a first rotation speed; the sleeve structure 11 rotates in a second direction at a second rotation speed; wherein the first rotation speed and the second rotation speed are the same.

[0121] The third additive manufacturing mode is as follows: the inner core structure 12 rotates in a first direction at a first rotation speed; the sleeve structure 11 rotates in a second direction at a second rotation speed; wherein the first rotation speed and the second rotation speed are different, and preferably, the second rotation speed is lower than the first rotation speed;

[0122] Preferably, the first direction and the second direction are the same or opposite.

[0123] Preferably, during the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing process: any additive mode can be selected as needed, or the first additive mode, second additive mode, and third additive mode can be switched according to actual needs; preferably, the first rotation speed is 100-6000 rpm, more preferably 500-3000 rpm, and even more preferably 800-2000 rpm; preferably, the second rotation speed is 100-6000 rpm, more preferably 500-3000 rpm, and even more preferably 800-2000 rpm.

[0124] The friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing process provided in this embodiment, in addition to using particulate material as raw material for additive manufacturing, also features the following additive modes: a first additive mode (uniaxial solid-state additive mode), a second additive mode (biaxial same-speed solid-state additive mode), and a third additive mode (differential-speed solid-state additive mode). These additive modes can be switched arbitrarily, enabling multi-pass, multi-directional friction stirring of the deposited layer. The maximum deformation of the deposited layer material in the friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing process provided in this embodiment is more than twice that of a uniaxial solid-state additive manufacturing system at the same rotation speed, providing stronger control over the microstructure and properties of the prepared components to meet more stringent industrial requirements.

[0125] Experimental Example 1

[0126] This experimental embodiment mainly uses the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process provided in the above embodiments to deposit aluminum alloy particles on a substrate, and mainly includes the following steps:

[0127] like Figure 8 As shown, aluminum alloy granules are used as raw materials, and pneumatic feeding is used to feed the granules 101 at a speed of 3000mm. 3 The aluminum alloy granules 101 are fed into the space between the inner core structure 12 and the sleeve structure 11 at a rate of 800 rpm via the feeding structure 13. The inner core structure 12 rotates at a speed of 800 rpm, in the opposite direction to the downward rotation of the feeding thread 123. The feeding thread delivers the aluminum alloy granules 101 to the bottom of the device, while the sleeve structure remains stationary. The aluminum alloy granules 101 are processed to a thermoplastic state by the frictional heat between the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 and deposited onto the substrate 201. The thickness of the deposited layer 202 is 1 mm, and the traveling speed of the device relative to the substrate 201 is 100 mm / min. The ends of the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 are flush and planar. The deformation of the deposited layer material is significantly increased by the rotating end face of the inner core structure, resulting in a significantly refined grain structure in the prepared component.

[0128] Experimental Example 2

[0129] This experimental embodiment mainly uses the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process provided in the above embodiments to deposit aluminum alloy particles on a substrate, and mainly includes the following steps:

[0130] like Figure 10 As shown, aluminum alloy granules are used as raw materials, and pneumatic feeding is used to feed the granules 101 at a speed of 9000mm. 3 The aluminum alloy granules 101 are fed into the space between the inner core structure 12 and the sleeve structure 11 at a rate of 1000 rpm via the feeding structure 13. The inner core structure 12 rotates at 1000 rpm in the opposite direction to the downward rotation of the feeding thread 123, thus feeding the aluminum alloy granules 101 to the bottom of the device. The sleeve structure rotates at 1000 rpm in the same direction as the inner core structure 12. The aluminum alloy granules 101 are processed to a thermoplastic state by the frictional heat between the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 and deposited onto the substrate 201. The thickness of the deposited layer 202 is 2 mm, and the travel speed of the device relative to the substrate 201 is 150 mm / min. The ends of the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 are flush and both have stirring pins that penetrate deep into the deposited layer 202, performing multiple stirring and friction cycles on the deposited layer 202. Compared to Example 1, in this example, both the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 are in a rotating state and both have stirring pins that penetrate deep into the deposition layer 202. The deformation of the deposition layer material is further improved, and the grain structure of the prepared component is further refined.

[0131] Experimental Example 3

[0132] This experimental embodiment mainly uses the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process provided in the above embodiments to deposit pure copper particles on a substrate, and mainly includes the following steps:

[0133] like Figure 12 As shown, pure copper particles are used as raw materials, and the particles 101 are fed by pneumatic feeding at a speed of 12000mm. 3The pure copper granules 101 are fed between the inner core structure 12 and the sleeve structure 11 at a rate of 1500 rpm via the feeding structure 13. The inner core structure 12 rotates at 1500 rpm in the opposite direction to the downward rotation of the feeding thread 123, feeding the pure copper granules 101 to the bottom of the device. The sleeve structure rotates at 1000 rpm, and the rotation speed and direction of the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 are the same. The pure copper granules 101 are processed to a thermoplastic state under the frictional heat of the sleeve structure 11 and the inner core structure 12 and deposited onto the substrate 201. The thickness of the deposited layer 202 is 2 mm, and the travel speed of the device relative to the substrate 201 is 200 mm / min. The inner core structure 12 has textured ends and a stirring pin that penetrates deep into the deposited layer 202, improving the fluidity of the deposited material. The ends of the inner core structure 12 are recessed into the sleeve structure 11, significantly improving the material deposition efficiency. The prepared component has a significantly refined grain structure, and the uniformity of the structure and properties is greatly improved.

[0134] In summary, the present invention provides a friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system and process, comprising two rotating structures: an inner core structure housed within a sleeve structure, and a feeding structure between the two rotating structures. These three structures are rotatably connected via bearings. During the additive manufacturing process, granular material is conveyed by gravity or pneumatics through the hollow portion of the feeding structure to reach the space between the sleeve structure and the inner core structure. The lower end of the inner core structure has a feeding thread of a certain length, which, along with the rotation of the inner core structure, feeds the granular material into the bottom of the device. Within the confined space at the bottom of the device, the granular material undergoes frictional deformation with the sleeve structure and the inner core structure, being subjected to frictional heat treatment to a thermoplastic state. Subsequently, it is applied to the substrate or deposition layer through the gap between the sleeve structure and the inner core structure. The extruded deposition layer undergoes further plastic deformation under the rotational friction and axial pressure of the first and second friction stir ends, achieving a high-density component fabrication and a tight bond between the deposition layer and the deposition layer. Compared to existing solid-state additive manufacturing systems where heat input and material deformation are controlled uniaxially, this invention, while ensuring continuous feeding, features a rotating structure with two end faces directly acting on the substrate or deposited layer, enabling differential solid-state additive manufacturing. This invention retains a higher process margin, allowing switching between uniaxial solid-state additive manufacturing and biaxial same-speed or differential solid-state additive manufacturing, achieving multi-pass, multi-directional stirring and friction on the deposited layer. The maximum deformation of the deposited layer material in this additive manufacturing process is more than twice that of a uniaxial solid-state additive manufacturing system at the same rotation speed, providing stronger control over the microstructure and properties of the prepared components to meet more stringent industrial requirements.

[0135] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system, characterized in that, It includes: A sleeve structure, wherein the sleeve structure is a hollow structure with open ends; wherein the first end of the sleeve structure is a first stirring friction end; An inner core structure is placed inside the sleeve structure, and there is a gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure for the raw material to pass through; the first end of the inner core structure is a second stirring friction end; A feeding device is used to convey raw materials to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure; A drive system, comprising a first drive system and a second drive system; wherein the first drive system is connected to the sleeve structure and is used to control the rotation or stationary position of the sleeve structure; and the second drive system is connected to the inner core structure and is used to control the rotation or stationary position of the inner core structure. When the friction stir deposition solid additive manufacturing system prepares a deposition layer on the substrate: the sleeve structure is controlled to rotate or remain stationary, and the inner core structure is controlled to rotate or remain stationary; when the raw material moves to the gap between the first and second friction stir ends, it rubs against the sleeve structure and the inner core structure; the resulting frictional deformation and frictional heat process at least part of the raw material into a thermoplastic state, which is then applied to the substrate to form a deposition layer; the deposition layer undergoes multi-pass, multi-directional plastic deformation under the action of the ends of the first and second friction stir ends; The end of the first stirring friction end is designed as any one of the following structures: a first structure, a second structure, a third structure, and a fourth structure; wherein the first structure is a planar structure; the second structure is an end with textures; the third structure is an end with stirring needles; and the fourth structure is a stepped structure. The end of the second stirring friction end is designed as any one of the first structure, the second structure, and the third structure; wherein, the first structure is a planar structure; the second structure is an end with a texture; and the third structure is an end with a stirring needle.

2. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeve structure and the inner core structure rotate independently of each other; and / or The rotation axes of the sleeve structure and the inner core structure are the same or similar; and / or The sleeve structure and the inner core structure rotate in the same or opposite directions.

3. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the second stirring friction end is flush with the end of the first stirring friction end; or The end of the second stirring friction end is recessed within the hollow structure of the sleeve structure, relative to the end of the first stirring friction end.

4. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeve structure includes a cylindrical cylinder structure and a frustum-shaped cylinder structure; wherein, the large-diameter end of the frustum-shaped cylinder structure is connected to the cylindrical cylinder structure; wherein, the frustum-shaped cylinder structure forms the first stirring friction end of the sleeve structure, and the end of the small-diameter end of the frustum-shaped cylinder structure is the end of the first stirring friction end.

5. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner core structure includes a cylindrical structure and a frustum-shaped structure; wherein, the large end of the frustum-shaped structure is connected to the cylindrical structure; wherein, the frustum-shaped structure forms the second stirring friction end of the inner core structure, and the small end of the frustum-shaped structure is the end of the second stirring friction end.

6. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cylindrical cylindrical structure of the sleeve structure is arranged around the cylindrical structure of the inner core structure; the frustum-shaped cylindrical structure of the sleeve structure is arranged around the frustum-shaped structure of the inner core structure.

7. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 6, characterized in that, From the large-diameter end to the small-diameter end of the frustum-shaped cylindrical structure, the gap between the frustum-shaped cylindrical structure and the frustum-shaped structure gradually decreases.

8. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner core structure is provided with a feeding thread; wherein... After the feeding device delivers the raw material to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure, the raw material falls onto the feeding thread; wherein, the rotation direction of the inner core structure is opposite to the rotation direction of the feeding thread, so that the raw material passes through the gap between the first stirring friction end and the second stirring friction end through the feeding thread and is delivered to the contact point between the stirring friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system and the substrate.

9. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the inner core structure includes a cylindrical structure and a frustum structure: the feeding thread is only provided on the frustum structure; or the feeding thread is provided on the frustum structure and also on the cylindrical structure at a position close to the frustum structure.

10. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device includes: A feeding structure, wherein the feeding structure is a cylindrical structure with open ends and a hollow interior; wherein the hollow interior of the cylindrical structure forms a feeding cavity; the feeding structure is disposed in the gap between the second end of the sleeve structure and the second end of the inner core structure; The second end of the sleeve structure is arranged opposite to the first end; the second end of the inner core structure is arranged opposite to the first end.

11. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The feeding structure is connected to the sleeve structure and the inner core structure respectively via bearings.

12. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The feeding structure comprises multiple feeding structures, which are evenly distributed in the gap between the second end of the sleeve structure and the second end of the inner core structure.

13. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device includes: A feeding structure, comprising a first annular wall and a second annular wall; wherein the first annular wall surrounds the second annular wall to form a feeding cavity with open ends between the first annular wall and the second annular wall. The feeding structure is positioned in the gap between the second end of the sleeve structure and the second end of the inner core structure; the second annular wall is connected to the second end of the inner core structure via a bearing, and the first annular wall is connected to the second end of the sleeve structure via a bearing; the second end and the first end of the sleeve structure are positioned opposite each other; the second end and the first end of the inner core structure are positioned opposite each other.

14. The triboelectric deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, The raw material entering the feeding structure can be transported by gravity to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure; and / or The feeding chamber of the feeding structure is equipped with a rotating screw, which can transport the raw material to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure.

15. The triboelectric deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, The feeding structure is connected to a feeding hopper to transport raw materials to the feeding chamber of the feeding structure, and then to the gap between the inner core structure and the sleeve structure.

16. The triboelectric deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system according to any one of claims 15, characterized in that, The feeding hopper is equipped with a vibration device to improve the feeding efficiency of the feeding hopper and feeding structure by vibrating the feeding hopper.

17. The triboelectric deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, The feeding device further includes: External silo; A conveying pipeline, wherein one end of the conveying pipeline is connected to the external silo, and the other end is directly connected to the feeding structure or connected to the feeding hopper on the feeding structure; A conveying device, which is connected to the conveying pipeline and the external silo, is used to convey the raw materials from the external silo to the feeding structure through the conveying pipeline.

18. The triboelectric deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system according to claim 17, characterized in that, The conveying equipment is a pneumatic conveying system.

19. The triboelectric deposition solid-state additive manufacturing system according to claim 18, characterized in that, The pneumatic conveying equipment is a blower.

20. A stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing process, characterized in that, Using granular material as raw material, the material is processed to a thermoplastic state below the melting point temperature and deposited on a substrate using the stir friction deposition solid additive manufacturing system described in any one of claims 1-19.

21. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing process according to claim 20, characterized in that, The stir-friction deposition solid-state additive manufacturing process includes a first additive mode, a second additive mode, and a third additive mode; wherein... The first additive manufacturing mode is: the inner core structure rotates at a first speed in a first direction while the sleeve structure remains stationary; or the inner core structure remains stationary while the sleeve structure rotates at a second speed in a second direction. The second additive manufacturing mode is as follows: the inner core structure rotates in a first direction at a first rotational speed; the sleeve structure rotates in a second direction at a second rotational speed; wherein the first rotational speed and the second rotational speed are the same; The third additive manufacturing mode is as follows: the inner core structure rotates in a first direction at a first rotational speed; the sleeve structure rotates in a second direction at a second rotational speed; the first rotational speed and the second rotational speed are different, preferably, the second rotational speed is lower than the first rotational speed.

22. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing process according to claim 21, characterized in that, The first direction and the second direction are the same direction or opposite directions.

23. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing process according to claim 21, characterized in that, In the process of solid additive manufacturing by friction stir deposition: select any additive mode, or switch between the first additive mode, the second additive mode, and the third additive mode as needed.

24. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing process according to claim 21, characterized in that, The first speed range is 100-6000 rpm.

25. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing process according to claim 24, characterized in that, The first speed range is 500-3000 rpm.

26. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing process according to claim 25, characterized in that, The first speed range is 800-2000 rpm.

27. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing process according to claim 21, characterized in that, The second speed range is 100-6000 rpm.

28. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing process according to claim 27, characterized in that, The second speed range is 500-3000 rpm.

29. The stir-friction deposition solid additive manufacturing process according to claim 28, characterized in that, The second speed range is 800-2000 rpm.

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