A tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation diversion drilling mechanism and drilling method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation reversing drilling mechanism and a drilling method, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation. The tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation reversing drilling mechanism includes a drill rod, which is connected to the boom of a rock drilling trolley, and the drill rod is connected to a drill bit through a connecting assembly, and the connecting assembly is connected to the drill bit through a steering assembly; the steering assembly includes a mounting rod and a transmission rod, and the mounting rod and the transmission rod are connected through a connecting seat, and the drill bit is arranged on the end of the mounting rod, and the mounting rod is provided with a first outer sleeve on the outside, and the transmission rod is provided with a second outer sleeve on the outside, and a steering structure is arranged between the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve, and a supporting structure for supporting the connecting assembly is arranged on the second outer sleeve. The tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation reversing drilling mechanism and the drilling method described in the present invention realize the reversing drilling of the tunnel peripheral holes from inclined holes to straight holes, and reduce the over-excavation phenomenon of the tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and in particular to a tunnel energy-focused directional blasting excavation diverting drilling mechanism and a drilling method. Background Art

[0002] Focused-energy directional blasting is a technology that uses the focused-energy effect to increase the directional release of explosive energy. This technology is often used in engineering blasting, military operations, mining and other fields. Its core principle is to use charges of a specific shape (usually conical or hemispherical) to gather the shock wave energy generated by the explosion and effectively direct it in a predetermined direction. This not only increases the penetration of the blast, but also reduces damage to the surrounding environment. In engineering applications, focused-energy blasting can accurately control the blasting range and direction, and is suitable for occasions that require high-precision operations such as urban demolition, rock cutting, and tunnel excavation.

[0003] During the tunnel blasting excavation process, it is necessary to drill peripheral holes at the edge of the face. However, due to the influence of the drilling rig boom structure and the surrounding rock, it is not possible to effectively drill vertical peripheral holes on the face. Therefore, the blasting at the edge of the face generally requires the use of a drilling rig to drill an outward-inclined borehole on the side wall of the excavated tunnel. There is a certain external insertion angle between the drill rod and the face. Since the drill rod is a straight rod, the drill rod can only drill straight holes under the action of the drilling rig boom, which leads to the formation of a conical area between the peripheral hole and the face, causing over-excavation. As the depth of the peripheral hole increases, the over-excavation becomes more obvious, which increases the difficulty and workload of subsequent initial support and affects the construction of the tunnel.

[0004] The existing patent CN202110464456.3 discloses a hydraulic drill pipe steering mechanism, including a bending steering assembly and a driving assembly, wherein the driving assembly is fixedly connected in the bending steering assembly, one side of the bending steering assembly is an articulated side, and the opposite side of the movable articulated side of the bending steering assembly is a steering power input side, and the power output end of the driving assembly is transmission-connected to the steering power input side of the bending steering assembly. By providing a double-rod hydraulic cylinder, the steering cylinder located at both ends of the double-rod hydraulic cylinder can be driven by the double-rod hydraulic cylinder to rotate around the articulated ear to achieve bending steering. In the above patent, although bending steering can be achieved, it only achieves drilling of boreholes with a small radius of curvature, which cannot meet the requirements of steering construction of peripheral holes in tunnel excavation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation diversion drilling mechanism and a drilling method, which realizes the diversion of the tunnel peripheral holes from inclined holes to straight holes and reduces the over-excavation phenomenon of the tunnel.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a tunnel energy-focused directional blasting excavation and reversing drilling mechanism, including a drill rod, which is connected to the boom of a rock drilling trolley, and the drill rod is connected to a drill bit through a reversing connecting assembly, and the connecting assembly is connected to the drill bit through a steering assembly; the steering assembly includes a mounting rod and a transmission rod, and the mounting rod and the transmission rod are connected through a reversing connecting seat, the drill bit is arranged on the end of the mounting rod, the outer part of the mounting rod is provided with a first outer sleeve, and the first outer sleeve is rotatably connected to the mounting rod, the outer part of the transmission rod is provided with a second outer sleeve, and the second outer sleeve is rotatably connected to the transmission rod, a steering structure is arranged between the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve, and a supporting structure for supporting the connecting assembly is arranged on the second outer sleeve.

[0007] Preferably, the connecting seat includes a main body, first fixing rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main body, second fixing rods are symmetrically arranged on the other two sides of the main body, the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod are perpendicular to each other, two mounting plates are symmetrically arranged at the bottom end of the mounting rod, two first transmission plates are symmetrically arranged at the top end of the transmission rod, the main body is located between the first transmission plate and the mounting plate, a through hole is arranged on the mounting plate for the first fixing rod to pass through, the mounting plate is rotatably connected to the first fixing rod, the first transmission plate is provided with a through hole for the second fixing rod to pass through, and the first transmission plate is rotatably connected to the second fixing rod.

[0008] Preferably, the steering structure includes a telescopic power element, one end of the telescopic power element is hinged to the second outer sleeve, the other end of the telescopic power element is hinged to the first outer sleeve, a plurality of first springs are arranged between the inner wall of the first outer sleeve and the inner wall of the second outer sleeve, the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve are connected by a flexible protective layer, and the flexible protective layer is located outside the first spring and the telescopic power element.

[0009] Preferably, the supporting structure includes a plurality of sliding sleeves, a sliding hole for allowing the sliding sleeve to pass through is provided on the second outer sleeve, a sliding rod is slidingly provided inside the sliding sleeve, a second spring for supporting the sliding rod is provided between the sliding rod and the bottom end of the sliding sleeve, a mounting seat is provided at one end of the sliding rod located outside the sliding sleeve, a roller is rotatably provided on the mounting seat, and the roller contacts the inner wall of the drilled hole under the action of the second spring; a sliding structure for driving the sliding sleeve to slide in the sliding hole is provided on the transmission rod.

[0010] Preferably, the sliding structure includes a sliding seat, which is sleeved on the outside of the transmission rod. The transmission rod is slidably and rotatably connected to the sliding seat. A number of connecting ears are evenly arranged on the side wall of the sliding seat. The connecting ears correspond to the sliding sleeve one by one. A connecting rod is arranged between the connecting ears and the sliding sleeve. The two ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged to the sliding sleeve and the connecting ears; a sliding power element is arranged between the sliding seat and the second outer sleeve to drive the sliding seat to slide along the transmission rod.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting assembly includes a plurality of rotatably connected connecting parts; the connecting parts include a connecting rod, a connecting sleeve is provided on the outside of the connecting rod, the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the connecting sleeve, the connecting rods of adjacent connecting parts are steeringly connected through a connecting seat, a steering sleeve is provided at the top of the connecting sleeve, the inner diameter of the steering sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting sleeve, the steering sleeve and the connecting sleeve are coaxially arranged, two ear plates are symmetrically provided at the top of the steering sleeve, a fixing pin is provided at the lower part of the connecting sleeve, the fixing pin corresponds to the ear plate one by one, a connecting hole is provided on the ear plate for the fixing pin to pass through, and the fixing pin is rotatably connected to the connecting hole.

[0012] Preferably, two first connecting plates are symmetrically provided at the top end of the connecting rod, and two second connecting plates are symmetrically provided at the bottom end of the connecting rod, the connecting seat is located between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate of adjacent connecting parts, and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are rotatably connected to the connecting seat through the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod respectively; an upper support plate is provided at the upper part of the connecting sleeve, and a lower support plate is provided at the lower part of the connecting sleeve, and through holes for the connecting rod to pass through are provided on the upper support plate and the lower support plate, the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the upper support plate and the lower support plate, and the upper support plate and the lower support plate of adjacent connecting parts are connected by a number of fourth springs.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom end of the second outer sleeve is inserted in the steering sleeve, the inner diameter of the steering sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the second outer sleeve, and the lower part of the second outer sleeve is provided with a pin connected to the ear plate, the pin is located in the connecting hole and is rotatably connected to the connecting hole; two second transmission plates are symmetrically provided at the bottom end of the transmission rod, the second transmission plate is perpendicular to the first transmission plate, the second transmission plate and the first connecting plate are rotatably connected to the connecting seat through the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod respectively; the bottom end of the second outer sleeve is connected to the upper support plate through a plurality of fourth springs.

[0014] Preferably, a fixing sleeve is provided on the outside of the drill rod, and one end of the fixing sleeve close to the connecting piece is sleeved on the outside of the connecting sleeve, and the end of the fixing sleeve is provided with a connecting plate corresponding to the fixing pin one by one, and a through hole is provided on the connecting plate for allowing the fixing pin to pass through, and the fixing pin is rotatably connected to the through hole, and a support plate for supporting the drill rod is provided inside the fixing sleeve, and the drill rod is rotatably connected to the support plate, and the support plate is connected to the lower support plate through a plurality of fourth springs, and the other end of the fixing sleeve is fixed to the boom of the rock drilling trolley; two third connecting plates are symmetrically provided at one end of the drill rod close to the connecting piece, and the connecting seat is located between the third connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and the second connecting plate and the third connecting plate are rotatably connected to the connecting seat through the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod respectively.

[0015] The drilling method based on the above-mentioned tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1. Connect the drill rod and the fixed sleeve to the boom of the drilling rig. The boom drives the drill rod to rotate and drives the drill rod and the fixed sleeve to slide synchronously. The drill rod drives the connecting rod to rotate through the connecting seat. The connecting rod drives the transmission rod to rotate through the connecting seat. The transmission rod drives the installation rod to rotate through the connecting seat. The installation rod drives the drill bit to rotate. The drill bit drills an inclined hole on the side wall of the tunnel.

[0017] S2, the second outer sleeve pushes the slide seat to slide through the third spring of the sliding power element, the slide seat drives the slide sleeve to slide outward through the connecting rod, the slide sleeve drives the slide rod, the mounting seat and the roller to slide outward through the second spring, and the roller rests on the side wall of the drill hole to support the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve;

[0018] S3, the hydraulic cylinder of the telescopic power element extends, and the hydraulic cylinder drives the first outer sleeve to rotate around the connecting seat through the piston rod, and the first outer sleeve drives the mounting rod to rotate synchronously, and the mounting rod drives the drill bit to rotate, and the drill bit turns to perform steering drilling on the inclined hole;

[0019] S4, the second outer sleeve and the connecting sleeve rotate through the pin, and the second outer sleeve passes through the arc drilling under the support of the roller;

[0020] S5, the hydraulic cylinder contracts, the first outer sleeve is reset, the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve are kept straight, the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve are drilled with straight holes under the support of rollers to complete the steering; the adjacent connecting parts are drilled through arc holes through the rotation deformation between the steering sleeve and the fixing pin.

[0021] The advantages and positive effects of the tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism and drilling method described in the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention provides a steering assembly between the drill rod and the drill bit. The second outer sleeve of the steering assembly is connected to the first outer sleeve through a telescopic power element, so that the first outer sleeve rotates, the first outer sleeve drives the mounting rod to rotate, and the mounting rod drives the drill bit to rotate, thereby realizing the steering of the drilling.

[0023] 2. A connecting assembly is provided between the steering assembly and the drill rod. The adjacent connecting parts of the connecting assembly are rotated through ear plates and fixing pins to meet the rotational deformation between the adjacent connecting parts, so that the connecting assembly can smoothly enter the straight hole from the inclined hole, thereby driving the drill bit to drill the straight hole.

[0024] 3. The drill rod drives the connecting rod, transmission rod, mounting rod and drill bit to rotate synchronously through the connecting seat, and the drill bit rotates by itself to perform rotary drilling, ensuring the drilling efficiency and effect of the drill bit.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the construction state structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of the steering member according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a steering member according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a drill rod installation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a connecting sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the connecting rod structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the transmission rod structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the connecting socket structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Reference numerals

[0035] 1. Drill rod; 2. Connecting assembly; 3. Steering assembly; 4. Drill bit; 5. Mounting rod; 6. First outer sleeve; 7. Second outer sleeve; 8. Transmission rod; 9. Connecting seat; 10. Hydraulic cylinder; 11. Flexible protective layer; 12. First spring; 13. Sliding seat; 14. Connecting rod; 15. Sliding hole; 16. Sliding sleeve; 17. Sliding rod; 18. Second spring; 19. Mounting seat; 20. Roller; 21. Third spring; 22. First transmission plate; 23. Mounting plate; 24. Connecting rod; 25. Connecting sleeve; 26. Fourth spring; 27. Steering sleeve; 28. Upper support plate; 29. ​​First connecting plate; 30. Second connecting plate; 31. Lower support plate; 32. Fixed sleeve; 33. Third connecting plate; 34. Ear plate; 35. Connecting hole; 36. Fixed pin; 37. Second transmission plate; 38. Connecting ear; 39. First fixing rod; 40. Second fixing rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0038] Example

[0039] like Figure 1 A tunnel energy-focused directional blasting excavation and diverting drilling mechanism comprises a drill rod 1, which is a straight rod. The drill rod 1 is connected to the boom of a drilling trolley, and the drilling trolley and the boom adopt existing structures, and the boom drives the drill rod 1 to rotate and slide. The drill rod 1 is connected to a drill bit 4 through a diverting connection component 2, and the connection component 2 can change direction by deformation. The connection component 2 is connected to the drill bit 4 through a steering component 3, and the steering component 3 drives the drill bit 4 to turn, thereby realizing the steering drilling of the borehole.

[0040] like Figure 2-3 As shown. The steering assembly 3 includes a mounting rod 5 and a transmission rod 8, and the mounting rod 5 is connected to the transmission rod 8 by a reversing connection seat 9. The drill bit 4 is inserted into the end of the mounting rod 5 in an existing manner. The mounting rod 5 is externally sleeved with a first outer sleeve 6, and the first outer sleeve 6 is rotationally connected to the mounting rod 5 by a bearing. The first outer sleeve 6 and the mounting rod 5 can only rotate relative to each other, and the first outer sleeve 6 can drive the mounting rod 5 to turn synchronously. The transmission rod 8 is externally sleeved with a second outer sleeve 7, and the second outer sleeve 7 is rotationally connected to the transmission rod 8 by a bearing. The second outer sleeve 7 drives the transmission rod 8 to turn synchronously.

[0041] like Figure 8As shown. The connecting seat 9 includes a body, and the body is a rectangular block structure. The first fixing rod 39 is symmetrically fixed on both sides of the body, and the second fixing rod 40 is symmetrically fixed on the other two sides of the body. The first fixing rod 39 and the second fixing rod 40 are perpendicular to each other. Two mounting plates 23 are symmetrically fixed on the bottom end of the mounting rod 5, and two first transmission plates 22 are symmetrically fixed on the top end of the transmission rod 8. The body is located between the first transmission plate 22 and the mounting plate 23. The mounting plate 23 is provided with a through hole for the first fixing rod 39 to pass through, and the mounting plate 23 is rotatably connected to the first fixing rod 39. The first transmission plate 22 is provided with a through hole for the second fixing rod 40 to pass through, and the first transmission plate 22 is rotatably connected to the second fixing rod 40. Due to the arrangement of the first fixing rod 39 and the second fixing rod 40 on the connecting seat 9, the mounting rod 5 and the transmission rod 8 can be connected to each other in a steering manner, and the mounting rod 5 and the transmission rod 8 are kept rotating around their respective axes.

[0042] A steering structure is provided between the first outer sleeve 6 and the second outer sleeve 7. The steering structure includes a telescopic power element, which may be an existing hydraulic cylinder 10. The hydraulic cylinder 10 is connected to an external hydraulic station through a pipeline. One end of the hydraulic cylinder 10 is hinged to the second outer sleeve 7, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 10 is hinged to the first outer sleeve 6. The first outer sleeve 6 is driven to rotate around the center of the connecting seat 9 by the extension and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 10, and the first outer sleeve 6 drives the drill bit 4 to rotate through the mounting rod 5, thereby realizing the steering of the drill bit 4.

[0043] A plurality of first springs 12 are arranged between the inner wall of the first outer sleeve 6 and the inner wall of the second outer sleeve 7, and the two ends of the first spring 12 are respectively fixed on the first outer sleeve 6 and the second outer sleeve 7. In this embodiment, three first springs 12 are arranged, and the first springs 12 have a buffering effect on the deformation of the first outer sleeve 6 and the second outer sleeve 7. The first outer sleeve 6 and the second outer sleeve 7 are connected by a flexible protective layer 11, and the flexible protective layer 11 is located outside the first spring 12 and the hydraulic cylinder 10. The flexible protective layer 11 adopts existing flexible materials to meet the deformation requirements between the first outer sleeve 6 and the second outer sleeve 7, and the flexible protective layer 11 protects the internal connecting seat 9, springs, hydraulic cylinder 10 and other components.

[0044] like Figure 7As shown. A supporting structure for supporting the connecting assembly 2 is provided on the second outer sleeve 7. The supporting structure includes a plurality of sliding sleeves 16, and a sliding hole 15 for the sliding sleeve 16 to pass through is provided on the second outer sleeve 7, and the sliding sleeve 16 is slidably connected to the sliding hole 15. The sliding sleeve 16 is a cylindrical structure, and a sealing ring can be provided at the sliding sleeve 16 and the sliding hole 15. In this embodiment, three sliding sleeves 16 are provided, and the sliding sleeves 16 are evenly distributed on the second outer sleeve 7 in a circular array. A sliding rod 17 is slidably provided inside the sliding sleeve 16, and a through hole is provided at one end of the sliding sleeve 16 extending out of the second outer sleeve 7 for the sliding rod 17 to pass through. A second spring 18 for supporting the sliding rod 17 is provided between the bottom end of the sliding rod 17 and the sliding sleeve 16, and the two ends of the second spring 18 are fixedly connected to the sliding rod 17 and the sliding sleeve 16, respectively. A mounting seat 19 is fixedly provided at one end of the sliding rod 17 located outside the sliding sleeve 16, and a roller 20 is rotatably provided on the mounting seat 19. The roller 20 contacts the inner wall of the drilled hole under the action of the second spring 18 , and the second outer sleeve 7 is supported by the roller 20 .

[0045] The transmission rod 8 is provided with a sliding structure for driving the sliding sleeve 16 to slide in the sliding hole 15. The sliding structure includes a sliding seat 13, which is sleeved on the outside of the transmission rod 8. The inner diameter of the sliding seat 13 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the transmission rod 8, so that the transmission rod 8 is connected to the sliding seat 13 by sliding and rotation. A plurality of connecting ears 38 are evenly fixedly provided on the side wall of the sliding seat 13, and the connecting ears 38 correspond to the sliding sleeve 16 one by one. A connecting rod 14 is provided between the connecting ears 38 and the sliding sleeve 16, and the two ends of the connecting rod 14 are respectively hinged to the sliding sleeve 16 and the connecting ears 38. A sliding power element for driving the sliding seat 13 to slide along the transmission rod 8 is provided between the sliding seat 13 and the second outer sleeve 7. In this embodiment, the sliding power element is a third spring 21, and the third spring 21 has an upward thrust on the sliding seat 13. The sliding seat 13 pushes the sliding sleeve 16 to slide outward through the connecting rod 14, and the sliding sleeve 16 makes the roller 20 abut against the inner wall of the borehole through the sliding rod 17 and the mounting seat 19. In order to improve the stability of the sliding support of the slide 13, the sliding power element can also be set as a telescopic hydraulic rod, the piston rod of the hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the slide 13, and the position of the slide 13 on the transmission rod 8 is adjusted by the hydraulic rod.

[0046] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown. The connecting assembly 2 includes a plurality of rotatably connected connecting members, which are spliced ​​together to form a steerable connecting assembly 2. The connecting member includes a connecting rod 24, and a connecting sleeve 25 is arranged outside the connecting rod 24. An upper support plate 28 is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the connecting sleeve 25, and a lower support plate 31 is fixedly arranged on the lower part of the connecting sleeve 25. The upper support plate 28 and the lower support plate 31 are both provided with through holes for the connecting rod 24 to pass through, and the connecting rod 24 is rotatably connected to the upper support plate 28 and the lower support plate 31 through bearings. The connecting sleeve 25 drives the connecting rod 24 to steer synchronously through the upper support plate 28 and the lower support plate 31. The upper support plates 28 and the lower support plates 31 of adjacent connecting members are connected by a plurality of fourth springs 26, and the two ends of the fourth spring 26 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper support plate 28 and the lower support plate 31. The fourth spring 26 has a buffering effect on the deformation between adjacent connecting members.

[0047] The connecting rods 24 of adjacent connecting parts are connected by rotation through the connecting seat 9. Two first connecting plates 29 are symmetrically fixed at the top of the connecting rod 24, and two second connecting plates 30 are symmetrically fixed at the bottom of the connecting rod 24. The connecting seat 9 is located between the first connecting plate 29 and the second connecting plate 30 of the adjacent connecting parts. The connecting seat 9 and the connecting rod 24 are coaxially arranged. The first connecting plate 29 and the second connecting plate 30 are rotationally connected to the connecting seat 9 through the first fixing rod 39 and the second fixing rod 40 respectively. The connecting seat 9 meets the deformation requirements between adjacent connecting rods 24, and enables the adjacent connecting rods 24 to rotate around the axis of each group. The drill rod 1 drives the drill bit 4 to rotate through the connecting rod 24, the transmission rod 8, and the mounting rod 5 to drill holes.

[0048] A steering sleeve 27 is provided at the top of the connecting sleeve 25. The steering sleeve 27 is coaxially arranged with the connecting sleeve 25, and the steering sleeve 27 and the connecting sleeve 25 are an integral structure. The inner diameter of the steering sleeve 27 is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting sleeve 25, so that there is a rotation margin between adjacent connecting parts, which meets the deformation requirements between adjacent connecting parts. A flexible layer that meets the deformation requirements can be provided between the steering sleeve 27 and the connecting sleeve 25 to protect the internal components. Two ear plates 34 are symmetrically fixedly provided at the top of the steering sleeve 27, and a fixing pin 36 is fixedly provided at the lower part of the connecting sleeve 25, and the fixing pin 36 corresponds to the ear plates 34 one by one. A connecting hole 35 is provided on the ear plate 34 for the fixing pin 36 to pass through, and the fixing pin 36 is rotatably connected to the connecting hole 35. Adjacent connecting parts are rotatably connected through the ear plate 34 and the fixing pin 36. The direction of the fixing pin 36 is perpendicular to the direction of the drilling to meet the deformation and steering requirements of the connecting parts.

[0049] The bottom end of the second outer sleeve 7 is inserted into the steering sleeve 27. The inner diameter of the steering sleeve 27 is larger than the outer diameter of the second outer sleeve 7, so as to meet the deformation and steering requirements between the second outer sleeve 7 and the steering sleeve 27. A pin connected to the ear plate 34 is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the second outer sleeve 7. The pin is located in the connecting hole 35 and is rotatably connected to the connecting hole 35. Two second transmission plates 37 are symmetrically fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the transmission rod 8. The second transmission plates 37 are perpendicular to the first transmission plate 22. A connecting seat 9 is arranged between the second transmission plate 37 and the first connecting plate 29. The connecting seat 9 is coaxial with the transmission rod 8 and the connecting rod 24. The second transmission plate 37 and the first connecting plate 29 are rotatably connected to the connecting seat 9 through the first fixing rod 39 and the second fixing rod 40 respectively. The bottom end of the second outer sleeve 7 is connected to the upper support plate 28 through a plurality of fourth springs 26. The two ends of the fourth spring 26 are respectively fixed between the second outer sleeve 7 and the upper support plate 28.

[0050] A fixed sleeve 32 is provided on the outside of the drill pipe 1. One end of the fixed sleeve 32 close to the connecting piece is sleeved on the outside of the connecting sleeve 25. A rotation margin is provided between the fixed sleeve 32 and the connecting sleeve 25. A connecting plate corresponding to the fixing pin 36 is fixedly provided at the end of the fixed sleeve 32. A through hole is provided on the connecting plate for the fixing pin 36 to pass through. The fixing pin 36 is rotatably connected to the through hole. The fixed sleeve 32 and the connecting sleeve 25 are rotatably connected through the fixing pin 36 and the connecting plate. A supporting plate for supporting the drill pipe 1 is fixedly provided inside the fixed sleeve 32. The drill pipe 1 is rotatably connected to the supporting plate through a bearing. The supporting plate and the lower supporting plate 31 are connected through a plurality of fourth springs 26. The two ends of the fourth spring 26 are fixedly connected to the supporting plate and the lower supporting plate 31 respectively. The fourth spring 26 has a buffering effect on the deformation between the fixed sleeve 32 and the connecting sleeve 25. The other end of the fixed sleeve 32 is fixed on the boom of the rock drilling trolley. The fixed sleeve 32 and the drill pipe 1 keep sliding synchronously, and the fixed sleeve 32 does not rotate.

[0051] Two third connecting plates 33 are symmetrically fixedly arranged at one end of the drill pipe 1 near the connecting piece, and the connecting seat 9 is located between the third connecting plate 33 and the second connecting plate 30. The connecting seat 9 is coaxial with the connecting rod 24 and the drill pipe 1. The second connecting plate 30 and the third connecting plate 33 are rotatably connected to the connecting seat 9 through the first fixing rod 39 and the second fixing rod 40 respectively. The drill pipe 1 drives the connecting rod 24, the transmission rod 8, and the installation rod 5 to rotate through the connecting seat 9.

[0052] The drilling method based on the above-mentioned tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1. Connect the drill rod 1 and the fixing sleeve 32 to the boom of the drilling trolley, and the boom drives the drill rod 1 to rotate, and drives the drill rod 1 and the fixing sleeve 32 to slide synchronously. The drill rod 1 drives the connecting rod 24 to rotate through the connecting seat 9, the connecting rod 24 drives the transmission rod 8 to rotate through the connecting seat 9, the transmission rod 8 drives the installation rod 5 to rotate through the connecting seat 9, the installation rod 5 drives the drill bit 4 to rotate, and the drill bit 4 drills an inclined hole on the side wall of the tunnel.

[0054] S2, the second outer sleeve 7 pushes the slide 13 to slide through the third spring 21 of the sliding power element, the slide 13 drives the slide sleeve 16 to slide outward through the connecting rod 14, the slide sleeve 16 drives the slide rod 17, the mounting seat 19 and the roller 20 to slide outward through the second spring 18, and the roller 20 rests on the side wall of the drill hole to support the first outer sleeve 6 and the second outer sleeve 7 to maintain the drilling direction.

[0055] S3, the telescopic power element hydraulic cylinder 10 extends, and the hydraulic cylinder 10 drives the first outer sleeve 6 to rotate around the connecting seat 9 through the piston rod. The first outer sleeve 6 drives the mounting rod 5 to rotate synchronously, and the mounting rod 5 drives the drill bit 4 to rotate, and the drill bit 4 turns to perform steering drilling on the inclined hole.

[0056] S4, the second outer sleeve 7 and the connecting sleeve 25 rotate through the pin, and the second outer sleeve 7 passes through the arc drilling under the support of the roller 20.

[0057] S5, the hydraulic cylinder 10 contracts, the first outer sleeve 6 is reset, the first outer sleeve 6 and the second outer sleeve 7 remain straight, and the first outer sleeve 6 and the second outer sleeve 7 are supported by the roller 20 to perform straight hole drilling to complete the steering. The adjacent connecting parts are connected through the arc drilling through the rotation deformation between the steering sleeve 27 and the fixing pin 36.

[0058] After the drilling is completed, the boom drives the drill rod 1 to slide backward, and the connecting sleeve 25 and the connecting sleeve 25 and the second outer sleeve 7 are pulled out of the drill hole by rotating and changing direction.

[0059] Therefore, by using the tunnel energy-focused directional blasting excavation and reversing drilling mechanism and drilling method described in the present invention, the reversing drilling of the peripheral holes of the tunnel from inclined holes to straight holes is achieved, thereby reducing the over-excavation phenomenon of the tunnel.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism, characterized in that: The drill rod comprises a drill pipe, which is connected to the boom of the rock drilling trolley, and the drill pipe is connected to the drill bit through a direction-changing connection assembly, and the connection assembly is connected to the drill bit through a steering assembly; the steering assembly comprises a mounting rod and a transmission rod, and the mounting rod and the transmission rod are connected through a direction-changing connection seat, and the drill bit is arranged on the end of the mounting rod, and the mounting rod is provided with a first outer sleeve on the outside, and the first outer sleeve is rotatably connected to the mounting rod, and the transmission rod is provided with a second outer sleeve on the outside, and the second outer sleeve is rotatably connected to the transmission rod, and a steering structure is arranged between the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve, and a supporting structure for supporting the connecting assembly is arranged on the second outer sleeve; The connecting seat includes a main body, first fixing rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main body, second fixing rods are symmetrically arranged on the other two sides of the main body, the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod are perpendicular to each other, two mounting plates are symmetrically arranged at the bottom end of the mounting rod, and two first transmission plates are symmetrically arranged at the top end of the transmission rod, the main body is located between the first transmission plate and the mounting plate, a through hole is arranged on the mounting plate for the first fixing rod to pass through, the mounting plate is rotatably connected to the first fixing rod, a through hole is arranged on the first transmission plate for the second fixing rod to pass through, and the first transmission plate is rotatably connected to the second fixing rod.

2. The tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized by: The steering structure includes a telescopic power element, one end of the telescopic power element is hinged to the second outer sleeve, the other end of the telescopic power element is hinged to the first outer sleeve, a plurality of first springs are arranged between the inner wall of the first outer sleeve and the inner wall of the second outer sleeve, the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve are connected by a flexible protective layer, and the flexible protective layer is located outside the first spring and the telescopic power element.

3. The tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism according to claim 2 is characterized by: The supporting structure includes a plurality of sliding sleeves, a sliding hole for allowing the sliding sleeve to pass through is arranged on the second outer sleeve, a sliding rod is slidingly arranged inside the sliding sleeve, a second spring for supporting the sliding rod is arranged between the sliding rod and the bottom end of the sliding sleeve, a mounting seat is arranged at one end of the sliding rod located outside the sliding sleeve, a roller is rotatably arranged on the mounting seat, and the roller contacts the inner wall of the drilled hole under the action of the second spring; a sliding structure for driving the sliding sleeve to slide in the sliding hole is arranged on the transmission rod.

4. The tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism according to claim 3 is characterized by: The sliding structure includes a sliding seat, which is sleeved on the outside of the transmission rod. The transmission rod is slidably and rotatably connected to the sliding seat. A number of connecting ears are evenly arranged on the side wall of the sliding seat. The connecting ears correspond to the sliding sleeve one by one. A connecting rod is arranged between the connecting ears and the sliding sleeve. The two ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged to the sliding sleeve and the connecting ears. A sliding power element is arranged between the sliding seat and the second outer sleeve to drive the sliding seat to slide along the transmission rod.

5. The tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized by: The connecting assembly includes a plurality of rotatably connected connecting members; the connecting member includes a connecting rod, a connecting sleeve is provided on the outside of the connecting rod, the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the connecting sleeve, the connecting rods of adjacent connecting members are steeringly connected through a connecting seat, a steering sleeve is provided at the top end of the connecting sleeve, the inner diameter of the steering sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting sleeve, the steering sleeve and the connecting sleeve are coaxially arranged, two ear plates are symmetrically provided at the top end of the steering sleeve, a fixing pin is provided at the lower part of the connecting sleeve, the fixing pin corresponds to the ear plate one by one, a connecting hole for the fixing pin to pass through is provided on the ear plate, and the fixing pin is rotatably connected to the connecting hole.

6. The tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism according to claim 5 is characterized by: Two first connecting plates are symmetrically arranged at the top end of the connecting rod, and two second connecting plates are symmetrically arranged at the bottom end of the connecting rod. The connecting seat is located between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate of adjacent connecting parts, and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are rotatably connected to the connecting seat through the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod respectively; an upper support plate is arranged at the upper part of the connecting sleeve, and a lower support plate is arranged at the lower part of the connecting sleeve. Through holes are arranged on the upper support plate and the lower support plate for the connecting rod to pass through, and the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the upper support plate and the lower support plate, and the upper support plate and the lower support plate of adjacent connecting parts are connected by a plurality of fourth springs.

7. The tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism according to claim 6 is characterized by: The bottom end of the second outer sleeve is inserted in the steering sleeve, the inner diameter of the steering sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the second outer sleeve, and the lower part of the second outer sleeve is provided with a pin connected to the ear plate, the pin is located in the connecting hole and is rotatably connected to the connecting hole; two second transmission plates are symmetrically provided at the bottom end of the transmission rod, the second transmission plate is perpendicular to the first transmission plate, the second transmission plate and the first connecting plate are rotatably connected to the connecting seat through the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod respectively; the bottom end of the second outer sleeve is connected to the upper support plate through a plurality of fourth springs.

8. The tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism according to claim 7 is characterized by: A fixing sleeve is provided on the outside of the drill rod, and one end of the fixing sleeve close to the connecting piece is sleeved on the outside of the connecting sleeve, and a connecting plate corresponding to the fixing pin is provided at the end of the fixing sleeve, and a through hole is provided on the connecting plate for the fixing pin to pass through, and the fixing pin is rotatably connected to the through hole, and a supporting plate for supporting the drill rod is provided inside the fixing sleeve, and the drill rod is rotatably connected to the supporting plate, and the supporting plate is connected to the lower supporting plate through a plurality of fourth springs, and the other end of the fixing sleeve is fixed to the boom of the rock drilling trolley; two third connecting plates are symmetrically provided at one end of the drill rod close to the connecting piece, and the connecting seat is located between the third connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and the second connecting plate and the third connecting plate are rotatably connected to the connecting seat through the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod respectively.

9. A drilling method based on the tunnel energy-gathering directional blasting excavation and diversion drilling mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Connect the drill rod and the fixed sleeve to the boom of the drilling rig. The boom drives the drill rod to rotate and drives the drill rod and the fixed sleeve to slide synchronously. The drill rod drives the connecting rod to rotate through the connecting seat. The connecting rod drives the transmission rod to rotate through the connecting seat. The transmission rod drives the installation rod to rotate through the connecting seat. The installation rod drives the drill bit to rotate. The drill bit drills an inclined hole on the side wall of the tunnel. S2, the second outer sleeve pushes the slide seat to slide through the third spring of the sliding power element, the slide seat drives the slide sleeve to slide outward through the connecting rod, the slide sleeve drives the slide rod, the mounting seat and the roller to slide outward through the second spring, and the roller rests on the side wall of the drill hole to support the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve; S3, the hydraulic cylinder of the telescopic power element extends, and the hydraulic cylinder drives the first outer sleeve to rotate around the connecting seat through the piston rod, and the first outer sleeve drives the mounting rod to rotate synchronously, and the mounting rod drives the drill bit to rotate, and the drill bit turns to perform steering drilling on the inclined hole; S4, the second outer sleeve and the connecting sleeve rotate through the pin, and the second outer sleeve passes through the arc drilling under the support of the roller; S5, the hydraulic cylinder contracts, the first outer sleeve is reset, the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve are kept straight, the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve are drilled with straight holes under the support of rollers to complete the steering; the adjacent connecting parts are drilled through arc holes through the rotation deformation between the steering sleeve and the fixing pin.

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