A novel stepped open-hole ecological protective surface structure and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a novel stepped perforated ecological protective face structure and a construction method thereof. The structure comprises a panel, a protective face, a retaining wall and a footing. The surface where the panel is located is inclined at an angle to the vertical plane. A retaining wall is arranged at the upper end of the panel in a vertical direction. The protective face is arranged horizontally on one side of the retaining wall, and the upper end surface of the protective face is perpendicular to the side surface of the retaining wall. A long strip-shaped groove is provided on the upper end surface of the retaining wall. The footing is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the panel. The front and rear sides of the footing are flush with the front and rear sides of the panel. The width of the upper end surface of the protective face is not less than the thickness of the footing. A plurality of water-permeable holes are provided on the panel, and the holes pass through the plate body of the panel. The present invention has a significant effect on improving the wave bearing capacity of the protective face structure and limiting wave climbing. The modular design and construction technology are adopted to make the protective face structure easier to install and more flexible to adapt to different environments and engineering requirements, improve the quality of the ecological environment, and reduce the risk of erosion of the ecological protective face structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coastal ecological surface protection, and in particular to a novel stepped open-hole ecological surface protection structure and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Bank protection is an engineering measure to artificially reinforce the original coastal slope to prevent the invasion and scouring of waves and currents and the action of groundwater, and to maintain the stability of the coastline. The existing bank protection forms can be divided into three types: engineering bank protection, landscape bank protection and ecological bank protection. Ecological bank protection means that when determining the reinforcement and treatment plan for the bank slope, not only the safety, economy and effectiveness of the project and the needs of people are considered, but also ecological and environmental issues are considered, attention is paid to preserving and increasing the diversity of organisms and the complexity of the food chain, and actively providing habitats for aquatic animals, amphibians and insects. In order to ensure safety and durability, the existing bank protection lining is hardened, which reduces the drainage of the surface protection, cuts off the contact between the organisms in the water and the land, and ultimately leads to the deterioration of the natural environment.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of ecological protective surface, which can improve the drainage of the protective surface and meet the ecological needs of the protective surface while ensuring stability. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the existing protective surface in the prior art, such as the existing protective surface is completely hardened, the drainage of the protective surface is reduced, the contact between the organisms in the water and the land is cut off, the natural environment is deteriorated, and it is not conducive to construction and later maintenance. A new type of stepped open hole ecological protective surface structure and its construction method are proposed, which adopts modular design and construction technology to make the protective surface structure easier to install and more flexible to adapt to different environments and engineering requirements, while enhancing the stability of the overall structure and reducing construction and maintenance costs. Improving the drainage of the protective surface can realize the planting of vegetation on the protective surface, increase green coverage, improve the quality of the ecological environment, and ensure the ecological needs of the protective surface.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A novel stepped perforated ecological protective surface structure comprises a panel, a protective surface, a retaining wall and a footing. The surface where the panel is located is inclined at an angle to the vertical plane. The retaining wall is arranged at the upper end of the panel along the vertical direction. The protective surface is horizontally arranged on one side of the retaining wall, and the upper end surface of the protective surface is perpendicular to the side surface of the retaining wall. A long strip of groove is provided on the upper end surface of the retaining wall. The footing is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the panel, and the front and rear side surfaces of the footing are flush with the front and rear side surfaces of the panel. The width of the upper end surface of the protective surface is not less than the thickness of the footing. A plurality of holes for water permeability are provided on the panel, and the holes pass through the plate body of the panel.

[0007] As a further preferred solution of the present invention, the left and right sides of the panel, the protective surface, the retaining wall and the anchoring foot are kept flush, and the protective surface and the anchoring foot are horizontally parallel.

[0008] As a further preferred solution of the present invention, the groove portion is a rectangular cavity structure located in the middle of the retaining wall. The groove portion is arranged along the central axis of the retaining wall and is embedded in the wall of the retaining wall along the upper end surface of the retaining wall.

[0009] As a further preferred solution of the present invention, the panel is a square plate structure, and five holes are arranged on the panel, one hole is arranged in the middle of the panel, and the other four holes are arranged in an axially symmetrical form on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the middle hole respectively.

[0010] As a further preferred solution of the present invention, the panel, face guard, groove portion, retaining wall, holes and anchoring foot are integrally cast using a concrete mold, and steel bars are disposed inside the panel, face guard, retaining wall and anchoring foot.

[0011] As a further preferred solution of the present invention, the distance c1 between the two left and right holes at the top and bottom of the panel and the left and right outer edges of the panel satisfies the following relationship:

[0012]

[0013] The distance c2 between the middle hole and the left and right outer edges of the panel satisfies the following relationship:

[0014]

[0015] The distance c3 between the two holes at the top and bottom of the panel and the upper and lower outer edges of the panel satisfies the following relationship:

[0016]

[0017] The distance c4 between the middle hole and the upper and lower outer edges of the panel satisfies the following relationship:

[0018]

[0019] In the above formula, h represents the upper and lower length of the panel, h2 represents the left and right width of the panel, and Φ represents the diameter length of the hole.

[0020] A construction method of a novel stepped perforated ecological protective surface structure comprises the following steps:

[0021] Prefabrication of the protective structure: select a mold that meets the design requirements, set steel bars inside the mold, and then pour concrete into the mold. The panel, protective surface, groove, retaining wall, holes and anchoring concrete are cast in one piece.

[0022] Foundation compaction: According to the construction requirements, the reference line and reference point are marked at the construction site to determine the starting position of the surface protection structure. The foundation is excavated according to the design requirements and on-site soil conditions, and the foundation is compacted. The slope of the foundation slope is consistent with the inclination angle of the panel;

[0023] Construction and installation: Lay the protective structure from the reference point, lay the lowest protective structure in sequence, and then lay the upper protective structure. The anchors of the upper protective structure are placed on the protective surface of the lower protective structure, and the middle of the anchors are located on the joint of the protective surfaces of the two lower protective structures, and they are stacked alternately in sequence.

[0024] As a further preferred solution of the present invention, after construction and installation, soil is filled in the groove portion of the face protection structure and wave-breaking plants are planted.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: compared with the traditional face protection structure, the face protection structure of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the wave bearing capacity of the face protection structure and limiting wave climbing; for the face protection structure of the present invention, modular design and construction technology are adopted to make the face protection structure easier to install and more flexible to adapt to different environments and engineering requirements, while reducing construction and maintenance costs; the panel, retaining wall, face protection and anchor are integrally formed and at an angle, which can effectively disperse the force on the foundation, increase friction, and enhance the stability of the overall structure; rectangular ecological grooves are set on the retaining wall to accommodate soil, so as to realize the planting of vegetation on the face protection, increase green coverage, and improve the quality of the ecological environment; the hole design improves the drainage of the face protection and reduces the risk of erosion of the structure by accumulated water. Due to its irregularity, the layout of the holes has a stronger wave-proof effect, is more conducive to maintaining the stability of the slope protection structure, improves the ecological environment of the ecological face protection, and can also increase the aesthetics of the face protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a novel stepped open-hole ecological protective surface structure proposed in this embodiment;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the construction and assembly of a novel stepped open-hole ecological protective surface structure proposed in this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the variation of wave height and panel structure thickness of the protective structure, the balustrade and the dry masonry stone of this embodiment under the action of waves.

[0029] The numbers in the figure are: 1. panel; 2. protective surface; 3. groove part; 4. retaining wall; 5. hole; 6. anchor foot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 As described above, this embodiment introduces a novel stepped open-hole ecological protective surface structure, which mainly includes a panel 1, a protective surface 2, a retaining wall 4 and a footing 6.

[0032] The surface where the panel 1 is located is inclined at an angle to the vertical plane. A retaining wall 4 is arranged at the upper end of the panel 1 in the vertical direction. A protective face 2 is arranged horizontally on one side of the retaining wall 4, and the upper end surface of the protective face 2 is perpendicular to the side surface of the retaining wall 4. A long strip-shaped groove portion 3 is provided on the upper end surface of the retaining wall 4. A anchor 6 is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the panel 1, and the front and rear sides of the anchor 6 are flush with the front and rear sides of the panel 1. The width of the upper end surface of the protective face 2 is not less than the thickness of the anchor 6. A plurality of holes 5 for water permeability are provided on the panel 1, and the holes 5 pass through the plate body of the panel 1. The panel 1, the protective face 2, the groove portion 3, the retaining wall 4, the holes 5 and the anchor 6 are integrally cast and formed using a concrete mold, which can effectively disperse the force on the foundation, increase friction, and enhance the stability of the overall structure. The panel 1, the protective face 2, the retaining wall 4 and the anchor 6 are all equipped with steel bars to strengthen the strength of the structure.

[0033] The left and right sides of the panel 1, the protective surface 2, the retaining wall 4 and the anchor foot 6 are kept flush, the protective surface 2 and the anchor foot 6 are horizontally parallel, and the thickness of the anchor foot 6 is the same as the width of the upper end surface of the protective surface 2, ensuring that the anchor foot 6 can be stably placed on the upper surface of the protective surface 2.

[0034] The groove portion 3 is a rectangular cavity structure, located in the middle of the retaining wall 4. The groove portion 3 is arranged along the central axis direction of the retaining wall 4 and is embedded in the wall of the retaining wall 4 along the upper end surface of the retaining wall 4. The groove portion 3 can accommodate soil, thereby realizing the planting of vegetation on the protective surface structure, increasing green coverage, and improving the quality of the ecological environment.

[0035] The panel 1 is a square plate-like structure. Five holes 5 are arranged on the panel 1. One hole 5 is arranged in the middle of the panel 1, and the other four holes 5 are arranged in an axially symmetrical form on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the middle hole 5 respectively; the holes 5 arranged in a plum blossom shape improve the drainage of the protective structure and reduce the risk of erosion of the protective structure by accumulated water. Compared with other hole shapes, the layout of the plum blossom-shaped holes has a stronger wave-proof effect due to its irregularity.

[0036] In order to facilitate the positioning of the holes 5, the positions of the holes 5 are scientifically and digitally defined in this embodiment. The distance c1 between the top and bottom left and right holes 5 of the panel 1 and the left and right outer edges of the panel 1 satisfies the following relationship:

[0037]

[0038] The distance c2 between the middle hole 5 and the left and right outer edges of the panel 1 satisfies the following relationship:

[0039]

[0040] The distance c3 between the two holes 5 at the top and bottom of the panel 1 and the upper and lower outer edges of the panel 1 satisfies the following relationship:

[0041]

[0042] The distance c4 between the middle hole 5 and the upper and lower outer edges of the panel 1 satisfies the following relationship:

[0043]

[0044] In the above formula, h represents the upper and lower length of the panel, h2 represents the left and right width of the panel, and Φ represents the diameter length of the hole.

[0045] Specifically, this embodiment uses digital form to quantify and describe the size of the protective surface structure.

[0046] The length of panel 1 is h=800mm, the width is h2=800mm (also the length of the guard 2, the retaining wall 4 and the anchor 6), and the side thickness is b1=200mm (also the width of the anchor 6); the width of the guard 2 is b2=400mm, and the height is z1=400mm; the height of the wave-facing surface of the retaining wall 4 is z2=200mm, and the height of the back wave surface of the retaining wall 4 is z3=100mm; the height of the anchor 6 is h1=100mm; the length of the groove part 3 is h3=400mm, the width of the groove part 3 is b3=100mm, the distance between the groove part 3 and the front and rear sides is c6=100mm, and the distance between the groove part 3 and the left and right sides is c7=200mm.

[0047] Based on the above implementation contents, this embodiment further proposes a construction method of a novel stepped perforated ecological protective surface structure, which includes the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Prefabrication of the protective structure: According to the size of the protective structure, a mold that meets the design requirements is selected, and the positions of the groove 3 and the hole 5 are set in the mold before pouring. After the steel bars are set inside the mold, concrete is poured into the mold, and the panel 1, protective 2, groove 3, retaining wall 4, hole 5 and anchor foot 6 are cast in one piece.

[0049] Step 2: Foundation compaction: According to the construction requirements, calibrate the reference line and reference point at the construction site, determine the starting position of the facing structure, excavate the foundation according to the design requirements and on-site soil conditions, and compact the foundation. The slope of the foundation slope is consistent with the inclination angle of panel 1 to ensure that panel 1 is parallel to the foundation slope and that each facing structure fits tightly against the foundation.

[0050] Step 3, construction and installation: start laying the protective structure from the reference point, lay the bottom protective structure in sequence, then lay the upper protective structure, the anchor 6 of the upper protective structure is placed on the protective surface 2 of the lower protective structure, and the middle of the anchor 6 is located on the joint of the protective surfaces 2 of the two protective structures of the lower layer, and they are stacked alternately in sequence (refer to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, it is not only stable in structure and easy to lay, but also greatly improves the overall strength and strengthens the toughness of the breakwater. After construction and installation, the groove 3 of the protective structure is filled with soil to ensure that the soil is evenly distributed in the groove 3. Finally, wave-breaking plants are planted in the groove 3 to ensure that the roots of the plants are closely combined with the soil. On the one hand, it can play a role in wave-breaking, and on the other hand, it can also fix water and soil.

[0051] In order to verify that the protective surface structure proposed in this embodiment has a better effect on wave protection compared with conventional means, coral railings and dry masonry blocks are selected for comparison with the new ecological protective surface structure in this embodiment.

[0052] The variation rules of wave height and panel structure thickness of the protective structure, the balustrade and the dry block stone under the action of waves were verified through experiments. The statistical data are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1 Different surface thickness and wave height

[0054]

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the panel thickness of the protective structure, the balustrade and the dry block stone, and the vertical axis represents that each protective surface can withstand a larger wave; it can be seen that, under the premise of the same thickness, the protective structure in this embodiment can withstand a larger wave than the protective surface of the balustrade and the dry block stone.

[0056] In addition, the wave run-up of a positive wave on the slope where the slope is installed is also determined in this embodiment:

[0057] Where R is the wave run-up (m), K is the correction factor, which is usually related to the geometry and surface roughness of the dike, α is the slope inclination, H is the design wave height, and L is the design wavelength.

[0058] K=σ1(K V K b )2 -σ2(K V K b )+γ

[0059] K b =0.6,

[0060] In the above formula, K V is the empirical coefficient, V is the wind speed (m / s), K b is the permeability coefficient, refer to Table 2, the value is 0.6, d is the water depth in front of the dike (m), g is the gravitational acceleration; σ1 and σ2 are the secondary correction coefficients, σ1 is 0.1285, σ2 is 0.114; γ is the empirical error value, which is 1.226.

[0061] Table 2 Permeability coefficients of different protective structures

[0062] Face protection type <![CDATA[K b ]]> Smooth and impermeable surface (asphalt concrete; concrete) 1.0 Concrete slab 0.95 turf 0.90 Stone masonry 0.80 Fill with two layers of rubble (impermeable embankment core) 0.60～0.65 New type of stepped open-hole ecological protective surface 0.55～0.60 Fill two layers of rubble (permeable embankment core) 0.5～0.55

[0063] The conditions of α = 45° and d = 10 m are taken as the research conditions. The relationship between wave height and wind speed is shown in Table 3.

[0064] Table 3 Relationship between wave height and wind speed

[0065] Wind speed (m / s) Wave height (m) 1 2.849578 2 2.845488 3 2.840189 5 2.827812 10 2.81094 15 2.859742 20 2.994906 25 3.184009 30 3.365672

[0066] It can be seen from Table 3 that when the wind speed is below 15 m / s (between level 7 and level 8), the wave height is basically maintained below 2.86 m, while in the climate environment where the embankment of my country is located, the proportion of calendar days with wind speeds exceeding level 8 or above in the annual days is relatively small. In summary, it can be shown that the proposed protective structure has a significant effect on limiting the wave height by using this embodiment.

[0067] The ecological face protection structure and its construction method proposed in this embodiment achieve an assembly method of staggered stacking of the upper and lower layers by placing the upper-layer footing at the junction of the two lower-layer face protections, thereby improving the convenience of construction and installation as well as later maintenance and replacement, reducing construction and maintenance costs, ensuring the scour resistance of the face protection structure, and increasing the overall stability of the ecological face protection structure. By opening permeable holes on the hardened panel and planting aquatic plants in the grooves on the upper part of the retaining wall, a contact path between aquatic organisms and land is provided, and the ecological environment of the ecological face protection is improved, so that the ecological face protection structure improves the drainage of the face protection and ensures the ecological needs of the face protection while ensuring stability. Compared with the traditional face protection structure, it has significant improvements in wave bearing capacity and limiting wave climbing.

[0068] Therefore, the coastal ecological protection structure proposed in this embodiment not only effectively improves the protection capacity of the coast by combining natural and artificial facilities, but also promotes the recovery and protection of the marine ecosystem, providing a new solution for the sustainable development of the coastline.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new type of stepped open-hole ecological protective surface structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a panel (1), a protective surface (2), a retaining wall (4) and a stabilizing foot (6); the surface on which the panel (1) is located is arranged at an angle to a vertical plane; the retaining wall (4) is arranged at the upper end of the panel (1) in a vertical direction; the protective surface (2) is arranged horizontally on one side of the retaining wall (4); the upper end surface of the protective surface (2) and the side surface of the retaining wall (4) are perpendicular; the upper end surface of the retaining wall (4) is provided with a long strip-shaped groove portion (3); the stabilizing foot (6) is arranged horizontally at the lower end of the panel (1); the front and rear side surfaces of the stabilizing foot (6) are flush with the front and rear side surfaces of the panel (1); the width of the upper end surface of the protective surface (2) is not less than the thickness of the stabilizing foot (6); a plurality of holes (5) for water permeability are provided on the panel (1); the holes (5) penetrate through the plate body of the panel (1).

2. The novel stepped open-hole ecological protective surface structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The left and right sides of the panel (1), the protective surface (2), the retaining wall (4) and the anchor foot (6) are all kept flush, and the protective surface (2) and the anchor foot (6) are horizontally parallel.

3. The novel stepped open-hole ecological protective surface structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The groove portion (3) is a rectangular cavity structure and is located in the middle of the retaining wall (4). The groove portion (3) is arranged along the central axis of the retaining wall (4) and is embedded in the wall of the retaining wall (4) along the upper end surface of the retaining wall (4).

4. The novel stepped open-hole ecological protective surface structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The panel (1) is a square plate-shaped structure. Five holes (5) are arranged on the panel (1). One hole (5) is arranged in the middle of the panel (1). The other four holes (5) are arranged in an axisymmetric manner at the top, bottom, left and right sides of the middle hole (5).

5. The novel stepped open-hole ecological protective surface structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The panel (1), the protective face (2), the groove portion (3), the retaining wall (4), the hole (5) and the anchor foot (6) are integrally cast and formed using a concrete mold, and steel bars are arranged inside the panel (1), the protective face (2), the retaining wall (4) and the anchor foot (6).

6. The novel stepped open-hole ecological protective surface structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The distance c1 between the two left and right holes (5) at the top and bottom of the panel (1) and the left and right outer edges of the panel (1) satisfies the following relationship: The distance c2 between the middle hole (5) and the left and right outer edges of the panel (1) satisfies the following relationship: The distance c3 between the two holes (5) at the top and bottom of the panel (1) and the upper and lower outer edges of the panel (1) satisfies the following relationship: The distance c4 between the middle hole (5) and the upper and lower outer edges of the panel (1) satisfies the following relationship: In the above formula, h represents the upper and lower length of the panel, h2 represents the left and right width of the panel, and Φ represents the diameter length of the hole.

7. The construction method of the novel stepped perforated ecological protective surface structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Prefabrication of the protective structure: select a mold that meets the design requirements, set steel bars inside the mold, inject concrete into the mold, and cast the panel (1), protective surface (2), groove (3), retaining wall (4), hole (5) and footing (6) into one piece by concrete pouring; Foundation compaction: according to the construction requirements, the reference line and reference point are marked at the construction site, the starting position of the paving structure is determined, the foundation is excavated according to the design requirements and the soil conditions on site, and the foundation is compacted. The slope of the foundation slope is consistent with the inclination angle of the panel (1); Construction and installation: The protective structure is laid starting from the reference point, and the bottom protective structure is laid in sequence, followed by the upper protective structure. The anchor (6) of the upper protective structure is placed on the protective surface (2) of the lower protective structure, and the middle of the anchor (6) is located on the joint of the protective surfaces (2) of the two lower protective structures, and they are stacked alternately in sequence.

8. The construction method of the novel stepped perforated ecological protective surface structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that: After construction and installation, the groove part (3) of the protective surface structure is filled with soil and wave-breaking plants are planted.

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