A waste gas treatment device for reactor

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas treatment, and specifically discloses a waste gas treatment device for a reactor, including a filter box, wherein the four corners of the upper side of the filter box are respectively vertically connected with a first air inlet pipe, a second air inlet pipe, a first air outlet pipe and a second air outlet pipe, the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe are horizontally connected with an air inlet main pipe, the first air outlet pipe and the second air outlet pipe are horizontally connected with an air outlet main pipe, activated carbon is placed in the filter box, a fixing ring is fixedly provided in the middle of the first air inlet pipe, the second air inlet pipe, the first air outlet pipe and the second air outlet pipe, a cam-type two-way switching filter mechanism is provided on the lower side of the fixing ring, and a vortex dust separation and temperature control mechanism is provided at one end of the air inlet main pipe. The present invention adopts a two-way ventilation design, so that the waste gas alternately enters from both sides of the activated carbon bed layer, effectively avoiding the problem of uneven saturation of activated carbon adsorption, and adopts a vortex dust separation and temperature control mechanism to achieve waste gas cooling and particle separation, simplifying the pretreatment process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas treatment, and specifically refers to a waste gas treatment device for a reactor. Background Art

[0002] Reactors are the core equipment for chemical reactions in chemical production and are widely used in the fields of medicine, chemical industry, materials, etc. However, during the operation of reactors, waste gas containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter and other harmful gases will inevitably be produced. If these waste gases are directly discharged without treatment, they will cause serious harm to the environment and human health.

[0003] At present, the commonly used treatment methods for waste gas generated by reactors include activated carbon adsorption and spray tower absorption. The activated carbon adsorption method uses the porous structure and huge specific surface area of ​​activated carbon to remove VOCs in the waste gas through physical adsorption. The spray tower absorption method uses liquid absorbent to react chemically with harmful gases in the waste gas to achieve the purpose of purifying the waste gas. Other commonly used waste gas treatment technologies include catalytic combustion, biological method, condensation method, etc.

[0004] However, existing activated carbon adsorption devices generally fix the activated carbon in the exhaust gas channel, and the exhaust gas passes through the activated carbon bed in one direction. This method will cause the front end of the activated carbon bed to be saturated with adsorption, while the activated carbon at the rear end is not fully utilized, resulting in a waste of resources. The exhaust gas passes through the activated carbon bed in one direction, and the adsorption load of the front end activated carbon is too large, which can easily cause blockage, reduce filtration efficiency, and shorten service life.

[0005] For cost considerations, some factories directly connect the exhaust gas generated by the reactor to the activated carbon adsorption device without pretreatment. Since the exhaust gas from the reactor often contains a large amount of particulate matter, and the activated carbon adsorption method is not suitable for treating particulate matter, this will cause the activated carbon bed to be quickly blocked, seriously affecting the adsorption effect. The exhaust gas temperature discharged from the reactor is usually high, and the adsorption performance of activated carbon will decrease with increasing temperature. High temperature will also destroy the microporous structure of the activated carbon, resulting in a permanent reduction in its adsorption capacity. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a waste gas treatment device for a reactor, which adopts a two-way ventilation design to allow the waste gas to alternately enter from both sides of the activated carbon bed, effectively avoiding the problem of uneven adsorption saturation of the activated carbon, and adopts a vortex dust separation and temperature control mechanism to achieve exhaust gas cooling and particulate separation, thereby simplifying the pretreatment process and reducing the treatment cost.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention proposes an exhaust gas treatment device for a reactor, including a filter box, wherein the four corners of the upper side of the filter box are respectively vertically connected with a first air inlet pipe, a second air inlet pipe, a first air outlet pipe, and a second air outlet pipe, the first air inlet pipe and the second air outlet pipe are horizontally connected together to form an air inlet main pipe, and the first air outlet pipe and the second air outlet pipe are horizontally connected together to form an air outlet main pipe, activated carbon is placed in the filter box for filtering exhaust gas, the first air inlet pipe and the first air outlet pipe are located on one side of the activated carbon, the second air inlet pipe and the second air outlet pipe are located on the other side of the activated carbon, a fixing ring is fixedly provided in the middle of the first air inlet pipe, the second air inlet pipe, the first air outlet pipe, and the second air outlet pipe, a cam-type two-way switching filter mechanism is provided on the lower side of the fixing ring to realize switching of the exhaust gas filtering direction, a motor is provided on the upper side of the cam-type two-way switching filter mechanism, and a vortex-type dust separation and temperature control mechanism is provided at one end of the air inlet main pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the cam-type two-way switching filter mechanism includes a fixed seat and a special-shaped cam, the fixed seat is fixedly arranged on the lower side of the fixed ring along the circumference of the fixed ring axis in an array, the number of the fixed seats is 4, and a slideway is provided on the surface of the fixed seat facing the axis of the fixed ring, wherein two relative fixed seats are symmetrically and tightly slidably provided with a first stopper in the slideway, and the remaining two relative fixed seats are symmetrically and tightly slidably provided with a second stopper in the slideway, the first stopper and the second stopper are fixedly provided with a clamping ring on one side facing the axis of the fixed ring, wherein the upper sides of two adjacent clamping rings are rotatably connected with a A first connecting rod, and another first connecting rod is rotatably connected between the upper sides of the other two adjacent snap rings, wherein a second connecting rod is rotatably connected between the lower sides of two adjacent snap rings, and another second connecting rod is rotatably connected between the lower sides of the other two adjacent snap rings, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod on the same snap ring are respectively connected to different adjacent snap rings, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are equal in length, the special-shaped cam is coaxially arranged on the inner side of the fixing ring, the special-shaped cam and the snap ring are located in the same horizontal plane, the two ends of the special-shaped cam are convex arcs, and the two sides of the middle part of the special-shaped cam are inward arcs.

[0009] Furthermore, the vortex-type dust separation and temperature control mechanism includes a vortex hood, one end of the vortex hood is coaxially connected and fixed to one end of the air inlet main pipe, the other end of the vortex hood is coaxially connected and fixed with a vortex generating tube, one end of the vortex generating tube is coaxially fixed with an air outlet ring, an intercepting hood is coaxially cross-fixed on the inner side of the air outlet ring, the intercepting hood opens toward the vortex hood to block the airflow at the center position, a vortex port is opened on the side wall of the vortex hood, an exhaust gas pipe is fixed on one side of the vortex hood for conveying pressurized exhaust gas generated in the reactor, the exhaust gas pipe is vertically connected to the vortex hood through the vortex port, and the vortex port is inclined toward the air outlet ring to generate a vortex moving toward the air outlet ring.

[0010] Furthermore, when the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod on the same retaining ring are perpendicular to each other, the side surfaces of the two ends of the special-shaped cam are tightly attached to all the retaining rings, and when the connecting line of two opposite retaining rings is perpendicular to the length direction of the special-shaped cam, the two retaining rings are tightly attached to the inward arc surface of the special-shaped cam and the remaining retaining rings are tightly attached to the two ends of the special-shaped cam.

[0011] Furthermore, a motor is coaxially cross-fixed inside the fixing ring, and a downward output end of the motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the special-shaped cam for driving the coaxial rotation of the special-shaped cam.

[0012] Furthermore, the first air inlet pipe, the second air inlet pipe, the first air outlet pipe and the second air outlet pipe are all connected and sealed to pass through the fixing ring and the fixing seat, the first air inlet pipe, the second air inlet pipe, the second air outlet pipe and the first air outlet pipe are distributed in a circular array along the axis of the fixing ring, and the fixing seat is vertically provided with air vents at the positions where the first air inlet pipe, the second air inlet pipe, the first air outlet pipe and the second air outlet pipe pass through.

[0013] Furthermore, when the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod on the same clamping ring are perpendicular to each other, the first stopper and the second stopper instantly completely close the vent hole, thereby realizing the subsequent switching of the airflow direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the filter box is provided with an access port on the side facing the main air outlet pipe to facilitate the replacement of activated carbon. The filter box is hinged with a closed door at one end of the access port. The access port has the same size as the cross-sectional size of the activated carbon. The four walls of the activated carbon are in close contact with the filter box and the closed closed door, so that the exhaust gas can only pass through the activated carbon for filtration.

[0015] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows:

[0016] (1) The present invention realizes the two-way alternating switching of the direction of exhaust gas flowing through the activated carbon bed by setting a cam-type two-way switching filtering mechanism. Specifically, the motor drives the special-shaped cam to rotate, and the special-shaped cam drives the clamping ring to move, thereby controlling the movement of the first block and the second block, thereby realizing the alternating opening and closing of the air holes on the first air inlet pipe, the second air inlet pipe, the first air outlet pipe and the second air outlet pipe, thereby realizing the two-way alternating switching of the activated carbon filtering direction. This design effectively solves the problem of uneven adsorption saturation of activated carbon in the prior art, avoids the situation where the front end of the activated carbon bed is saturated with adsorption while the rear end activated carbon is not fully utilized, improves the utilization rate of activated carbon, and prolongs the service life of activated carbon. At the same time, the two-way ventilation design can also effectively avoid excessive adsorption load at the front end of the activated carbon bed, prevent blockage, and ensure the filtering effect.

[0017] (2) The present invention realizes the pretreatment of the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor by setting up a vortex dust separation and temperature control mechanism. Specifically, the exhaust gas entering the vortex cover at a high speed forms a vortex at the vortex mouth and generates a vortex separation effect in the vortex generating tube. In this process, the particulate matter in the exhaust gas is thrown to the wall of the vortex generating tube under the action of centrifugal force and is finally discharged from the space between the air outlet ring and the intercepting cover, while the clean gas with a lower temperature passes through the center of the vortex generating tube and enters the air intake main pipe. This design can effectively remove the particulate matter in the exhaust gas and avoid the particulate matter clogging the activated carbon bed. At the same time, it can also reduce the exhaust gas temperature, improve the adsorption efficiency of the activated carbon, extend the service life of the activated carbon, simplify the pretreatment process, and reduce the treatment cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a first stereoscopic structural schematic diagram of a waste gas treatment device for a reactor proposed by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a second stereoscopic structural schematic diagram of a waste gas treatment device for a reactor proposed by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the positional relationship between a fixing ring and a fixing seat of an exhaust gas treatment device for a reactor proposed by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of a cam-type bidirectional switching filtering mechanism of a waste gas treatment device for a reactor proposed by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the positional relationship between a clamping ring and a first connecting rod of an exhaust gas treatment device for a reactor proposed by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a motion decomposition diagram of a cam-type bidirectional switching filtering mechanism of a waste gas treatment device for a reactor proposed by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the positional relationship between activated carbon and a filter box of a waste gas treatment device for a reactor proposed by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of a vortex dust separation and temperature control mechanism of an exhaust gas treatment device for a reactor.

[0026] Among them, 1. filter box, 11. closed door, 12. access port, 2. activated carbon, 3. air intake main pipe, 31. first air intake pipe, 32. second air intake pipe, 4. air outlet main pipe, 41. first air outlet pipe, 42. second air outlet pipe, 5. fixing ring, 6. cam type two-way switching filter mechanism, 61. fixing seat, 611. air vent, 62. slideway, 63. first block, 64. second block, 65. retaining ring, 66. first connecting rod, 67. second connecting rod, 68. special-shaped cam, 7. motor, 8. vortex dust separation and temperature control mechanism, 81. swirl cover, 82. vortex generating tube, 83. air outlet ring, 84. intercepting cover, 85. swirl port, 86. exhaust pipe.

[0027] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside” and “outside” indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, the present invention proposes an exhaust gas treatment device for a reactor, including a filter box 1, wherein the four corners of the upper side of the filter box 1 are respectively vertically connected with a first air inlet pipe 31, a second air inlet pipe 32, a first air outlet pipe 41 and a second air outlet pipe 42, the first air inlet pipe 31 and the second air inlet pipe 32 are horizontally connected with an air inlet main pipe 3, the first air outlet pipe 41 and the second air outlet pipe 42 are horizontally connected with an air outlet main pipe 4, activated carbon 2 is placed in the filter box 1, the first air inlet pipe 31 and the first air outlet pipe 41 are located on one side of the activated carbon 2, the second air inlet pipe 32 and the second air outlet pipe 42 are located on the other side of the activated carbon 2, a fixing ring 5 is fixedly provided in the middle of the first air inlet pipe 31, the second air inlet pipe 32, the first air outlet pipe 41 and the second air outlet pipe 42, a cam-type two-way switching filter mechanism 6 is provided on the lower side of the fixing ring 5, a motor 7 is provided on the upper side of the cam-type two-way switching filter mechanism 6, and a vortex-type dust separation and temperature control mechanism 8 is provided at one end of the air inlet main pipe 3.

[0031] The cam-type two-way switching filter mechanism 6 includes a fixed seat 61 and a special-shaped cam 68. The fixed seat 61 is fixedly arranged on the lower side of the fixed ring 5 along the circumference of the axis of the fixed ring 5. There are 4 fixed seats 61. A slideway 62 is provided on the surface of the fixed seat 61 facing the axis of the fixed ring 5. Two relative fixed seats 61 are symmetrically and tightly slidably provided with a first stopper 63 in the slideway 62. The remaining two relative fixed seats 61 are symmetrically and tightly slidably provided with a second stopper 64 in the slideway 62. The first stopper 63 and the second stopper 64 are fixedly provided with a snap ring 65 on one side facing the axis of the fixed ring 5. The upper sides of two adjacent snap rings 65 are rotatably connected with a first stopper 63. A connecting rod 66, another first connecting rod 66 is rotatably connected between the upper sides of the other two adjacent snap rings 65, a second connecting rod 67 is rotatably connected between the lower sides of two adjacent snap rings 65, and another second connecting rod 67 is rotatably connected between the lower sides of the other two adjacent snap rings 65. The first connecting rod 66 and the second connecting rod 67 on the same snap ring 65 are respectively connected to different adjacent snap rings 65. The first connecting rod 66 and the second connecting rod 67 are equal in length. The special-shaped cam 68 is coaxially arranged on the inner side of the fixing ring 5. The special-shaped cam 68 and the snap ring 65 are located in the same horizontal plane. The two ends of the special-shaped cam 68 are convex arcs, and the two sides of the middle part of the special-shaped cam 68 are inward arcs.

[0032] The vortex dust separation and temperature control mechanism 8 includes a vortex cover 81, one end of the vortex cover 81 is coaxially connected and fixed to one end of the air inlet main pipe 3, the other end of the vortex cover 81 is coaxially connected and fixed with a vortex generating pipe 82, one end of the vortex generating pipe 82 is coaxially fixed with an outlet ring 83, an intercepting cover 84 is coaxially cross-fixed inside the outlet ring 83, the intercepting cover 84 opens toward the vortex cover 81, a vortex port 85 is opened on the side wall of the vortex cover 81, an exhaust pipe 86 is fixed on one side of the vortex cover 81, and the exhaust pipe 86 passes through the vortex generating pipe 82. The swirl port 85 is vertically connected to the swirl cover 81, and the swirl port 85 is inclined toward the air outlet ring 83 to generate a vortex moving toward the air outlet ring 83. When the first connecting rod 66 and the second connecting rod 67 on the same snap ring 65 are perpendicular to each other, the side surfaces of the two ends of the special-shaped cam 68 are tightly attached to all the snap rings 65, and when the connecting line of two opposite snap rings 65 is perpendicular to the length direction of the special-shaped cam 68, the two snap rings 65 are tightly attached to the inward arc surface of the special-shaped cam 68 and the remaining snap rings 65 are tightly attached to the two ends of the special-shaped cam 68.

[0033] The motor 7 is coaxially fixed on the inner side of the fixing ring 5 in a cross shape, and the downward output end of the motor 7 is coaxially fixedly connected to the special-shaped cam 68. The first air inlet pipe 31, the second air inlet pipe 32, the first air outlet pipe 41 and the second air outlet pipe 42 are all connected and sealed to penetrate the fixing ring 5 and the fixing seat 61. The first air inlet pipe 31, the second air inlet pipe 32, the second air outlet pipe 42 and the first air outlet pipe 41 are arranged in an array along the circumference of the axis of the fixing ring 5. The fixing seat 61 is arranged in the first air inlet pipe 31, the second air inlet pipe 32, the first air outlet pipe 41 and the second air outlet pipe 42. A vent hole 611 is vertically opened at the position where the pipe 41 and the second air outlet pipe 42 pass through. When the first connecting rod 66 and the second connecting rod 67 on the same clamping ring 65 are perpendicular, the first block 63 and the second block 64 instantly completely close the vent hole 611. The filter box 1 is provided with an access port 12 on the side facing the air outlet main pipe 4. The filter box 1 is hinged with a closed door 11 at one end of the access port 12. The access port 12 has the same cross-sectional size as the activated carbon 2, and the four walls of the activated carbon 2 are in close contact with the filter box 1 and the closed closed door 11.

[0034] During specific use, the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor passes through the exhaust pipe 86 and then enters the vortex cover 81 through the pressurizing equipment. The exhaust gas passes through the vortex port 85 to form a vortex and slowly moves toward the vortex generating tube 82. In this process, the exhaust gas in the vortex generating tube 82 will produce a vortex separation effect, and the exhaust gas located on the outside will rub quickly, so that the exhaust gas temperature close to the tube wall of the vortex generating tube 82 increases, and the particulate matter in the exhaust gas moves close to the tube wall of the vortex generating tube 82 under the action of centrifugal force. The exhaust gas temperature at the center of the vortex generating tube 82 decreases. When it reaches the position of the air outlet ring 83, the hot air and the particulate matter it carries pass through the space between the air outlet ring 83 and the interception cover 84, and enter the process specifically for treating the particulate matter. The cold air without particulate matter located in the center of the vortex generating tube 82 is intercepted by the interception cover 84 and enters the intake manifold 3 in the opposite direction, and begins to be filtered through the activated carbon 2.

[0035] The motor 7 is turned on, and the motor 7 drives the special-shaped cam 68 to rotate slowly along the axis. Since the special-shaped cam 68 is in close contact with the snap ring 65, when the two ends of the special-shaped cam 68 are close to the two snap rings 65 on the second stopper 64, the special-shaped cam 68 will press against the two snap rings 65 to move outward, so that the second stopper 64 moves outward in the slideway 62. At the same time, since the lengths of the first connecting rod 66 and the second connecting rod 67 remain unchanged, the first stopper 63 and the corresponding snap ring 65 will slide close to the axis of the fixing ring 5 under the drive of the first connecting rod 66 and the second connecting rod 67 until the two ends of the special-shaped cam 68 just press against the snap rings 65 on the second stopper 64. 5. At this time, the snap ring 65 on the first stopper 63 will face the inward arc surface of the middle part of the special-shaped cam 68. The special-shaped cam 68 continues to rotate. At this time, the inward arc surface of the special-shaped cam 68 will press the snap ring 65 on the first stopper 63 to move outward. At this time, driven by the first connecting rod 66 and the second connecting rod 67, the second stopper 64 and the corresponding snap ring 65 will move inward, thereby realizing the above reciprocating motion law. Since the first connecting rod 66 and the second connecting rod 67 on the same snap ring 65 are perpendicular to each other, all the first connecting rods 66 and the second connecting rod 67 will form a square. Therefore, the snap rings 65 corresponding to the four corners of the square form The second stopper 64 and the first stopper 63 are formed into a square shape, so that the distances of the second stopper 64 and the first stopper 63 penetrating into the slideway 62 are equal, and the position of the vent hole 611 on the fixing seat 61 is reasonably set so that the first stopper 63 and the second stopper 64 just close the vent hole 611 at this time. Therefore, if the special-shaped cam 68 continues to rotate, two of the opposite vent holes 611 will be continuously closed, and the other two vent holes 611 will be gradually opened. Since the first air inlet pipe 31 and the first air outlet pipe 41 are located on one side of the activated carbon 2, and the second air inlet pipe 32 and the second air outlet pipe 42 are located on the other side of the activated carbon 2, the opening and closing rules of the vent holes 611 Only one of the first air inlet pipe 31 and the second air inlet pipe 32 can be opened at a time, and the first air inlet pipe 31 and the second air outlet pipe 42 located on the other side of the activated carbon 2 are opened and closed at the same time, and the second air inlet pipe 32 and the first air outlet pipe 41 located on the other side of the activated carbon 2 are opened and closed at the same time, so that the exhaust gas in the intake main pipe 3 this time can only be discharged through the first air inlet pipe 31, the activated carbon 2 and the second air outlet pipe 42, and the exhaust gas in the intake main pipe 3 next time can only be discharged through the second air inlet pipe 32, the activated carbon 2 and the first air outlet pipe 41, and finally discharged through the air outlet main pipe 4, thereby realizing the two-way cyclic switching of the filtering direction of the activated carbon 2.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0037] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

[0038] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste gas treatment device for a reactor, comprising a filter box (1), characterized in that: The four corners of the upper side of the filter box (1) are respectively connected vertically with a first air inlet pipe (31), a second air inlet pipe (32), a first air outlet pipe (41) and a second air outlet pipe (42); the first air inlet pipe (31) and the second air inlet pipe (32) are connected horizontally with an air inlet main pipe (3); the first air outlet pipe (41) and the second air outlet pipe (42) are connected horizontally with an air outlet main pipe (4); activated carbon (2) is placed in the filter box (1); the first air inlet pipe (31) and the first air outlet pipe (41) are located at On one side of the activated carbon (2), the second air inlet pipe (32) and the second air outlet pipe (42) are located on the other side of the activated carbon (2); a fixing ring (5) is fixedly provided in the middle of the first air inlet pipe (31), the second air inlet pipe (32), the first air outlet pipe (41) and the second air outlet pipe (42); a cam-type two-way switching filter mechanism (6) is provided on the lower side of the fixing ring (5); a motor (7) is provided on the upper side of the cam-type two-way switching filter mechanism (6); and a vortex-type dust separation temperature control mechanism (8) is provided on one end of the air inlet main pipe (3); The cam-type bidirectional switching filter mechanism (6) comprises a fixed seat (61) and a special-shaped cam (68). The fixed seat (61) is fixedly arranged on the lower side of the fixed ring (5) in an array along the circumference of the axis of the fixed ring (5). The number of the fixed seats (61) is 4. A slideway (62) is provided on the surface of the fixed seat (61) facing the axis of the fixed ring (5). Two opposite fixed seats (61) are symmetrically and tightly slidably provided with a first stopper (63) in the slideway (62). The other two opposite fixed seats (61) are symmetrically and tightly slidably provided with a second stopper (64) in the slideway (62). The first stopper (63) and the second stopper (64) are both fixedly provided with a snap ring (65) on the side facing the axis of the fixed ring (5). The upper sides of two adjacent snap rings (65) are rotatably connected with each other. A first connecting rod (66), another first connecting rod (66) is rotatably connected between the upper sides of the other two adjacent snap rings (65), a second connecting rod (67) is rotatably connected between the lower sides of the two adjacent snap rings (65), another second connecting rod (67) is rotatably connected between the lower sides of the other two adjacent snap rings (65), the first connecting rod (66) and the second connecting rod (67) on the same snap ring (65) are respectively connected to different adjacent snap rings (65), the first connecting rod (66) and the second connecting rod (67) are of equal length, the special-shaped cam (68) is coaxially arranged on the inner side of the fixing ring (5), the special-shaped cam (68) and the snap ring (65) are located on the same horizontal plane, the two ends of the special-shaped cam (68) are in the shape of convex circular arcs, and the two sides of the middle part of the special-shaped cam (68) are in the shape of retracted circular arcs; The first air inlet pipe (31), the second air inlet pipe (32), the first air outlet pipe (41) and the second air outlet pipe (42) are all connected and sealed to penetrate the fixing ring (5) and the fixing seat (61); the first air inlet pipe (31), the second air inlet pipe (32), the second air outlet pipe (42) and the first air outlet pipe (41) are arranged in an array along the axis of the fixing ring (5); and the fixing seat (61) is provided with a vent hole (611) vertically at a position where the first air inlet pipe (31), the second air inlet pipe (32), the first air outlet pipe (41) and the second air outlet pipe (42) penetrate.

2. The waste gas treatment device for a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vortex dust separation and temperature control mechanism (8) comprises a vortex cover (81), one end of the vortex cover (81) is coaxially connected and fixedly arranged at one end of an air intake main pipe (3), the other end of the vortex cover (81) is coaxially connected and fixedly arranged with a vortex generating tube (82), one end of the vortex generating tube (82) is coaxially fixedly arranged with an air outlet ring (83), an intercepting cover (84) is coaxially cross-fixedly arranged inside the air outlet ring (83), the intercepting cover (84) opens toward the vortex cover (81), a vortex port (85) is opened on the side wall of the vortex cover (81), an exhaust pipe (86) is fixedly arranged on one side of the vortex cover (81), the exhaust pipe (86) is vertically connected to the vortex cover (81) through the vortex port (85), and the vortex port (85) is inclined toward the air outlet ring (83) to generate an vortex moving toward the air outlet ring (83).

3. The waste gas treatment device for a reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the first connecting rod (66) and the second connecting rod (67) on the same snap ring (65) are perpendicular to each other, the side surfaces of both ends of the special-shaped cam (68) are in close contact with all the snap rings (65); when the connecting line of two opposite snap rings (65) is perpendicular to the length direction of the special-shaped cam (68), the two snap rings (65) are in close contact with the inwardly retracted arc surface of the special-shaped cam (68), and the remaining snap rings (65) are in close contact with both ends of the special-shaped cam (68).

4. The waste gas treatment device for a reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: A motor (7) is coaxially cross-fixed inside the fixing ring (5), and a downward output end of the motor (7) is coaxially fixedly connected to a special-shaped cam (68).

5. The waste gas treatment device for a reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the first connecting rod (66) and the second connecting rod (67) on the same clamping ring (65) are perpendicular to each other, the first stopper (63) and the second stopper (64) instantly completely close the vent hole (611).

6. The waste gas treatment device for a reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The filter box (1) is provided with an access opening (12) on one side facing the main air outlet pipe (4), and the filter box (1) is hinged with a closed door (11) at one end of the access opening (12). The access opening (12) has the same cross-sectional dimensions as the activated carbon (2), and the four walls of the activated carbon (2) are in close contact with the filter box (1) and the closed closed door (11).

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