Vibration isolation and anti-limit load limiting system and vibration isolation limiting method for key ship systems

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vibration isolation and anti-limit load limiting system and a vibration isolation and limiting method for a key ship system, wherein the vibration isolation and anti-limit load limiting system includes a vibration isolator and a limiting device, the limiting device adopts a non-contact limiting device, and the limiting device includes a limiting device 1 and a limiting device 2. The bottoms of the vibration isolator and the limiting device 1 are both connected to the frame below the hull, the tops of the vibration isolator and the limiting device 1 are both connected to the bottom of the key ship system to be protected, the bottom of the limiting device 2 is connected to the top of the key ship system, and the top of the limiting device 2 is connected to the frame above the hull, and the distance L between the frame below the hull and the frame above the hull remains unchanged. The present invention can provide large damping and high load-bearing capacity in the low-frequency band, isolate the key ship system, and provide limit protection for the key ship system when subjected to a large limit load, thereby protecting the safety of the key ship system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vibration isolation and anti-limit load limiting system and a vibration isolation and limiting method, and in particular to a vibration isolation and anti-limit load limiting system and a vibration isolation and limiting method for a key system of a ship, belonging to the technical field of vibration reduction safety control. Background Art

[0002] Ships are prone to extreme loads during navigation due to various adverse weather conditions or other factors. These extreme loads (i.e., impact loads) are multi-directional, instantaneous, and unpredictable, which can cause serious damage to critical systems within the ship, rendering the ship unable to sail normally and even endangering the lives of the crew. Therefore, it is crucial to implement extreme load limiting measures for critical ship systems.

[0003] The application of low-frequency, high-load vibration isolators is precisely to deal with the various vibration and impact problems encountered by ships during navigation. This type of vibration isolator has the characteristics of providing large damping and high load-bearing capacity in the low-frequency band. It can effectively isolate and reduce the vibration transmission from power systems such as engines and propellers, and protect the precision equipment and piping systems on the ship. However, when subjected to strong impact, low-frequency, high-load vibration isolators may produce large displacements. If this displacement is not effectively controlled, it may cause damage to components such as pipelines connected to the ship structure. Therefore, the use of limit devices becomes particularly critical. The main function of the limit device is to provide the necessary resistance or support when the displacement of the vibration isolator exceeds a certain range, limiting its further movement, thereby protecting the safety of the ship structure and equipment.

[0004] Compared to traditional contact-type limiters, non-contact limiters have the advantage of not interfering with the normal operation of the isolator. This design not only ensures the vibration isolation effect of the isolator is not affected during normal operation, but also effectively limits the displacement of the raft during impact, achieving dual control of vibration and impact.

[0005] After searching, no patent documents identical or similar to the technical solution of this application have been found. In summary, how to design a vibration isolation and anti-limit load limit system and vibration isolation limit method for key ship systems that can provide high damping and high load-bearing capacity in the low-frequency band, isolate the key ship systems from vibration, and limit the key ship systems when subjected to large limit loads (i.e., impact loads), thereby protecting the safety of the key ship systems, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the defects existing in the prior art and provide a vibration isolation and anti-limit load limiting system and a vibration isolation and limiting method for key ship systems, which can provide large damping and high load-bearing capacity in the low frequency band, isolate the key ship systems from vibration, and when subjected to large limit loads, can limit the key ship systems for protection, thereby protecting the safety of the key ship systems.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a vibration isolation and anti-extreme load limiting system for a key system of a ship, including a vibration isolator and a limiting device, the limiting device adopts a non-contact limiting device, and is characterized in that: the limiting device includes a limiting device one and a limiting device two, the bottoms of the vibration isolator and the limiting device one are both connected to the components below the hull, the tops of the vibration isolator and the limiting device one are both connected to the bottom of the key system of the ship to be protected, the bottom of the limiting device two is connected to the top of the key system of the ship, the top of the limiting device two is connected to the components above the hull, and the distance L between the components below the hull and the components above the hull remains unchanged.

[0008] Preferably, the limiting device 1 and the limiting device 2 both include a core shaft assembly, a sleeve and a base, the sleeve is arranged on the base to form a shell, the core shaft assembly extends into the sleeve and there is a gap between the core shaft assembly and the shell in the vertical and radial directions, forming a non-contact connection structure, the core shaft assembly includes a core shaft, an upper mounting plate arranged on one end of the core shaft, a limiting column arranged on the other end of the core shaft and an elastomer arranged around the limiting column, the core shaft, the upper mounting plate and the limiting column are an integrated structure, the sleeve It is a split structure, which is surrounded by multiple split-type jackets; the base includes a base plate and a cylinder arranged on the base plate; the limiting column is located in the inner cavity of the split-structure jacket, one end of the core shaft passes through the split-structure jacket and is exposed from the split-structure jacket, and the upper mounting plate is arranged on one end of the core shaft exposed from the split-structure jacket; after the split-structure jacket is interference-fitted in the cylinder of the base, a connecting piece is used to pass through the base plate and be screwed into the bottom of the split-structure jacket, thereby connecting the base plate and the split-structure jacket together.

[0009] The present invention also discloses a vibration isolation and limiting method based on the vibration isolation and anti-limit load limiting system as described above, wherein when a key system of a ship is subjected to the impact of a limit load and produces displacement, the vibration isolator is used to perform vibration isolation protection. At this time, the limiting device 1 and the limiting device 2 are non-contact structures and do not perform limiting work; when a larger limit load impact produces a larger displacement, the limiting device 1 and the limiting device 2 form a contact structure to perform limiting protection on the key system of the ship.

[0010] Preferably, the first and second limiting devices each include a core shaft assembly, a jacket, and a base; the core shaft assembly is connected to a critical ship system that needs to be protected; the jacket and the base are connected to form a shell; the base is connected to a component below the hull; the top of the core shaft assembly is connected to the critical ship system; the core shaft assembly extends into the jacket, and a gap is formed between the core shaft assembly and the shell in the vertical and radial directions, forming a non-contact connection structure;

[0011] A plurality of adjustment gaskets are arranged between the top of the core shaft assembly located in the limit device one and the key system of the ship; when the vibration isolator rubber body in the vibration isolator creeps, causing the vertical gap in the limit device one to decrease and the vertical gap in the limit device two to increase, some of the plurality of adjustment gaskets are taken out and placed in a position between the top of the core shaft assembly installed in the limit device two and the upper component of the hull, so that the vertical gap returns to normal.

[0012] Preferably, the vibration isolator further comprises an upper mounting seat and a lower mounting seat, the upper mounting seat comprising an upper seat plate and a downwardly protruding conical circular boss provided on the bottom surface of the upper seat plate, the lower mounting seat comprising a lower seat plate and a conical sleeve provided on the top surface of the lower seat plate, the conical circular boss being inserted into the conical sleeve and being vulcanized and bonded between the outer conical surface of the conical circular boss and the inner conical surface of the conical sleeve by the vibration isolator rubber body, thereby connecting the upper mounting seat and the lower mounting seat through the vibration isolator rubber body, the vibration isolator rubber body being in a conical sleeve shape, the bottom of the vibration isolator rubber body being arranged in a concave shape, the groove formed at the bottom of the concave vibration isolator rubber body being the bottom space A of the vibration isolator rubber body; a space B is formed between the top surface of the vibration isolator rubber body and the bottom surface of the upper seat plate; the top surface of the upper seat plate is connected to the key system of the ship to be protected, and the bottom surface of the lower seat plate is connected to the lower component of the hull;

[0013] By reducing the spatial volume of the bottom space A at the bottom of the rubber body, the bottom of the rubber body expands, deforms and contacts within the reduced bottom space A when subjected to an ultimate load; and by reducing the spatial volume of the space B at the top of the rubber body, the top of the rubber body expands, deforms and contacts within the reduced space B when subjected to an ultimate load, thereby improving the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness of the vibration isolator, thereby improving the ultimate load stiffness of the vibration isolator.

[0014] Preferably, the spatial volume of the bottom space A at the bottom of the rubber body is reduced by providing an extension portion on the bottom end surface of the conical circular boss, so that the extension portion extends into the bottom space A, thereby reducing the spatial volume of the bottom space A; the spatial volume of the space B at the top of the rubber body is reduced by providing a flange portion on the bottom surface of the upper seat plate, so that the flange portion extends into the space B, thereby reducing the spatial volume of the space B.

[0015] Preferably, the inner surface of the bottom of the concave rubber body is designed to have a three-segment oblique line structure, including an oblique line segment 1 surface, an oblique line segment 2 surface, and an oblique line segment 3 surface, wherein the oblique line segment 1 surface, the oblique line segment 2 surface, and the oblique line segment 3 surface are sequentially connected end to end; when subjected to an ultimate load, the oblique line segment 1 surface is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the extension portion to provide radial stiffness, and the oblique line segment 2 surface is in contact with the bottom end surface of the extension portion to provide vertical stiffness;

[0016] The profile of the top of the rubber body is designed as a two-segment oblique line structure, including an oblique line segment four profile and an oblique line segment five profile, which are connected end to end in sequence; when subjected to an extreme load, the oblique line segment four profile is used to fit in contact with the bottom end surface of the flange to provide vertical stiffness.

[0017] Preferably, the core shaft assembly includes a core shaft, an upper mounting plate provided on one end of the core shaft, a limiting column provided on the other end of the core shaft, and an elastic body provided around the limiting column. The core shaft, the upper mounting plate, and the limiting column are an integrated structure, and the outer sleeve is a split structure, which is enclosed by a plurality of split outer sleeves. The base includes a base plate and a cylinder provided on the base plate.

[0018] When assembling the limiting device, first enclose the split structure jacket around the outside of the core shaft assembly, so that the limiting column is located inside the split structure jacket and the upper mounting plate is located outside the split structure jacket. Then, the split structure jacket with the core shaft assembly is interference fit into the cylinder of the base, and then the base plate and the split structure jacket are connected together through a connecting piece.

[0019] Preferably, the limiting column is configured to be in an inverted cone shape with the large end at the top and the small end at the bottom, and the distance between the outer side surface of the elastic body wrapped around the inverted cone limiting column and the inner surface of the shell is fixed;

[0020] The end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the large head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder is used as the rotation point E, and the side surface is rotated to adjust the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness, or the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder is used as the rotation point F, and the side surface is rotated to adjust the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness.

[0021] Preferably, the method of adjusting the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness by rotating the side circumference with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the large end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point E comprises the following steps:

[0022] When the vertical stiffness is adjusted: with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting column near the large head end of the inverted conical limiting column as the rotation point E, the side circumference is rotated toward the side away from the outer sleeve, thereby reducing the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting column and the top surface of the base, reducing the vertical compression stiffness, and thus reducing the vertical stiffness; conversely, with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting column near the large head end of the inverted conical limiting column as the rotation point E, the side circumference is rotated toward the side close to the outer sleeve, thereby increasing the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting column and the top surface of the base plate, increasing the vertical compression stiffness, and thus increasing the vertical stiffness;

[0023] When the radial stiffness is adjusted: with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the large head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point E, the side circumference is rotated toward the side away from the outer sleeve, thereby increasing the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve, and reducing the radial stiffness; conversely, with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the large head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point E, the side circumference is rotated toward the side close to the outer sleeve, thereby reducing the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve, and increasing the radial stiffness;

[0024] The method of adjusting the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness by rotating the side surface with the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the small end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point F comprises the following steps:

[0025] When the vertical stiffness is adjusted: with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting column near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting column as the rotation point F, the side circumference is rotated toward the side away from the outer sleeve, thereby reducing the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the upper surface of the inverted conical limiting column and the inner top surface of the outer sleeve, reducing the vertical tensile stiffness, and thus reducing the vertical stiffness; conversely, with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting column near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting column as the rotation point F, the side circumference is rotated toward the side close to the outer sleeve, thereby increasing the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the upper surface of the inverted conical limiting column and the inner top surface of the outer sleeve, increasing the vertical tensile stiffness, and thus increasing the vertical stiffness;

[0026] When the radial stiffness is adjusted: with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point F, the side circumference is rotated toward the side away from the outer sleeve, thereby increasing the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve, and reducing the radial stiffness; conversely, with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point F, the side circumference is rotated toward the side close to the outer sleeve, thereby reducing the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve, and increasing the radial stiffness.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention can not only provide large damping and high load-bearing capacity in the low frequency band to isolate the critical systems of the ship, but also can provide limited protection for the critical systems of the ship when subjected to a large limit load, thereby protecting the safety of the critical systems of the ship. The core shaft assembly composed of the core shaft, the upper mounting plate and the limiting column is designed to be an integrated structure, and its components do not need to be connected by screws like the prior art. When subjected to vertical upward tensile force, the core shaft assembly with an integrated structure can withstand a greater force; however, after the core shaft assembly is designed as an integrated structure, its cross-section forms an I-shaped shape with large ends and a small middle, and it cannot be placed in an integral shell like the prior art during assembly. From then on, the present invention designs the outer shell into a split structure to facilitate the assembly of the core shaft assembly with an integrated structure; in addition, the split structure outer shell is assembled to the base by interference force, so that the outer shell and the base are closely connected. In addition to the connection structure formed by bolts and other connectors, the connection structure between the bases also includes an interference fit connection structure between the outer shell and the base. When subjected to a vertical upward tensile force, the connection structure formed by the bolts and other connectors and the interference fit connection structure between the outer shell and the base jointly withstand the upward tensile force. As a result, through the combined improvements in the above aspects, the tensile strength of the limit device of the present invention is significantly increased. When performing vertical tensile limiting, failure problems such as breakage of the connectors between the components can be avoided, thereby ensuring that the limit device can function normally during operation and protecting the safety of the ship's key systems. By adjusting the slope of the lateral surface of the limit column, the area and thickness of the deformable rubber body when the elastomer contacts the shell are adjusted to adjust the vertical and radial stiffness. This allows the present invention to adjust the vertical and radial stiffness of the limit device according to actual working conditions, improving practicality and meeting the needs of various application conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the main structure of the vibration isolation and anti-limit load limiting system in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the marine vibration isolator in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the limiting device in Example 1 of the present invention when it is not working;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle C part;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 2 The enlarged structural diagram of the middle E part;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the limiting device before assembly in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the core shaft assembly in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the assembled limiting device in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the principle of the stiffness adjustment method of the limiting device in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the principle of the stiffness adjustment method of the limiting device in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] In the figure: 1. Vibration isolator, 111. Upper mounting seat, 1111. Upper seat plate, 1112. Conical circular boss, 11121. Extension, 111211. Outer peripheral surface, 111212. Bottom end surface, 112. Lower mounting seat, 1121. Lower seat plate, 1122. Tapered sleeve, 11221. Inner recess, 113. Vibration isolator rubber body, 1131. Oblique line segment 1 profile, 1132. Oblique line segment 2 profile, 1133. Oblique line segment 3 profile, 1134. Oblique line segment 4 profile, 1135. Oblique line segment 5 profile, 2. Limit device 1, 3. Limit device 2, 4. Components below the hull, 5. Key ship systems, 6. Components above the hull, 7. Mandrel assembly, 711. Core shaft, 712. Upper mounting plate, 713. Limiting column, 714. Elastomer, 7141. Elastomer 1, 7142. Elastomer 2, 8. Jacket, 811. Split jacket, 812. Jacket through hole, 9. Base, 911. Base plate, 912. Cylinder, 10. Adjusting gasket, 11. Connector, 12. Flange, 121. Bottom end surface, 13. Limiting block, 14. Upper connector, 15. Lower connector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] Example 1: Figure 1 As shown, a vibration isolation and anti-limit load limiting system for a key ship system includes a vibration isolator 1, a limiting device 1 2 and a limiting device 2 3. The bottoms of the vibration isolator 1 and the limiting device 1 2 are connected to the lower member 4 of the hull, and the tops of the vibration isolator 1 and the limiting device 1 2 are connected to the bottom of the key ship system 5 to be protected. The bottom of the limiting device 2 3 is connected to the top of the key ship system 5, and the top of the limiting device 2 3 is connected to the upper member 6 of the hull. The distance L between the lower member 4 of the hull and the upper member 6 of the hull remains unchanged. The limiting device 1 2 and the limiting device 2 3 both adopt non-contact limiting devices. When the key ship system 5 is displaced by the impact of the limit load, the vibration isolator 1 is used for vibration isolation protection. At this time, the limiting device 1 2 and the limiting device 2 3 are non-contact structures and do not perform limiting work. When it is subjected to a larger limit load such as a strong impact and a larger displacement is generated, the limiting device 1 2 and the limiting device 2 3 form a contact structure to limit the key ship system 5. In this way, this embodiment can not only provide large damping and high load-bearing capacity in the low-frequency band to isolate the key systems of the ship, but also provide limited protection for the key systems of the ship when subjected to large extreme loads, thereby protecting the safety of the key systems of the ship.

[0041] The ultimate load stiffness mainly includes the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness provided by the vibration isolator under the action of the ultimate load. Figure 2As shown, the height direction of the vibration isolator is set to the vertical direction (Z direction), and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the vertical direction (Z direction) is set to the radial direction (X direction). The vibration isolator 1 in the embodiment includes an upper mounting seat 111, a lower mounting seat 112 and a vibration isolator rubber body 113. The upper mounting seat 111 includes an upper seat plate 1111 and a downwardly protruding conical circular boss 1112 provided on the bottom surface of the upper seat plate 1111. The lower mounting seat 112 includes a lower seat plate 1121 and a conical sleeve 1122 provided on the top surface of the lower seat plate 1121. The conical circular boss 1112 Inserted into the cone sleeve 211, the isolator rubber body 113 is vulcanized and bonded between the outer conical surface of the conical circular boss 1112 and the inner conical surface of the cone sleeve 211, thereby connecting the upper mounting seat 111 and the lower mounting seat 112 via the isolator rubber body 113. The isolator rubber body 113 is in the shape of a cone sleeve, with a concave bottom. The groove formed in the concave bottom of the isolator rubber body 113 is the bottom space A of the isolator rubber body 113. The space B is formed between the top surface of the isolator rubber body 113 and the bottom surface of the upper seat plate 1111. The top surface of the upper seat plate 1111 is connected to the critical ship system to be protected, and the bottom surface of the lower seat plate 1121 is connected to the lower hull components. The isolator provides vibration isolation protection for the critical ship systems.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the height direction of the limit device is set to the vertical direction (Z direction), and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the vertical direction (Z direction) is set to the radial direction (X direction). Both the first and second limit devices include a core shaft assembly 7, an outer sleeve 8, and a base 9. The core shaft assembly 7 is connected to the critical ship system 5 to be protected. The outer sleeve 8 and the base 9 are connected to form a shell. The base 9 is connected to the lower hull component 4. The top of the core shaft assembly 7 is connected to the critical ship system 5. The core shaft assembly 7 extends into the outer sleeve 8, and there is a gap between the core shaft assembly 7 and the shell in the vertical and radial directions, forming a non-contact connection structure.

[0043] A problem existing in the prior art is: Figure 1 As shown, the rubber body of the vibration isolator in the vibration isolator will creep after working for a period of time. Under the influence of gravity, the key system 5 of the ship will move downward a certain distance vertically. Therefore, the core shaft assembly 7 in the limit device 2 located at the lower position will also move downward a certain distance, which will cause the vertical gap between the core shaft assembly 7 in the limit device 2 and the shell in the limit device 2 to decrease. Since the shell of the limit device 2 3 located at the upper position will also move downward a certain distance along with the key system 5 of the ship, the vertical gap between the core shaft assembly 7 in the limit device 2 3 and the shell in the limit device 2 3 will increase. This will cause the vertical gaps in the two limit devices to change, thereby affecting the normal operation of the system.

[0044] To this end, in this embodiment, multiple adjustment gaskets 10 are set in advance between the top of the core shaft assembly 7 located in the limit device 2 and the ship's key system 5. When the entire system is installed, the radial clearance and vertical clearance in the limit device 1 2 and the limit device 2 3 are both in normal state. After working for a period of time, when the rubber body of the vibration isolator creeps and causes the above problems, some adjustment gaskets 10 can be taken out and installed between the top of the core shaft assembly 7 of the limit device 2 3 and the upper component 6 of the hull. In this way, when the height of the multiple adjustment gaskets 10 located between the top of the core shaft assembly 7 of the limit device 1 2 and the key system 5 of the ship is reduced, the position of the core shaft assembly 7 of the limit device 1 2 is actually moved up, thereby increasing the vertical gap between the core shaft assembly 7 in the limit device 1 2 and the shell in the limit device 1 2 and restoring it to a normal vertical gap; then the taken out adjustment gaskets 10 are installed between the top of the core shaft assembly 7 of the limit device 2 3 and the upper component 6 of the hull, thereby actually moving the position of the core shaft assembly 7 of the limit device 2 3 downward, thereby reducing the vertical gap between the core shaft assembly 7 in the limit device 2 3 and the shell in the limit device 2 3 and restoring it to a normal vertical gap. This embodiment uses an adjusting gasket to restore the vertical gap between the two limit devices to normal, thereby increasing the service life of the entire system. It also repeatedly uses the adjusting gasket to adjust the vertical gap, avoiding the waste of discarding the adjusting gasket after taking it out, and saving usage costs.

[0045] The applicant has also made further improvements to the vibration isolator:

[0046] Since critical ship systems require vibration reduction, they require a low natural frequency and, consequently, a low dynamic stiffness. However, the ultimate load is large, requiring a higher ultimate load stiffness. Generally, a ratio of ultimate load stiffness to dynamic stiffness ≥ 1 is required to achieve ultimate load resistance. The quality of the design directly impacts the reliability of the ship's equipment. However, existing vibration isolators suffer from weak stiffness nonlinearity, with little difference in stiffness under large and small deformations. This means the ultimate load stiffness / dynamic stiffness ratio is generally less than 0.8, failing to meet the requirement of ultimate load stiffness / dynamic stiffness ≥ 1. Therefore, if the ratio of ultimate load stiffness to dynamic stiffness needs to be increased, the ultimate load stiffness must be increased.

[0047] After research, the applicant discovered that in existing vibration isolators, when subjected to extreme loads, the isolator's rubber body deforms primarily in two locations: space A at the bottom of the isolator's rubber body 113; and space B between the top surface of the isolator's rubber body 113 and the bottom surface of the upper base plate 1111. When subjected to extreme loads, the isolator's rubber body rapidly expands and deforms within these spaces A and B, thereby deforming the isolator to provide radial and vertical stiffness.

[0048] The applicant believes that if the ultimate load stiffness needs to be increased, it is necessary to find a way to increase the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness of the vibration isolator under the ultimate load.

[0049] To this end, the applicant improved the vibration isolator as follows:

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, the applicant provides an extension portion 11121 on the bottom end surface of the conical circular boss 1112, so that the extension portion 11121 extends into the bottom space A, thereby reducing the spatial volume of the bottom space A. Under the action of the extreme load, the bottom of the isolator rubber body 113 expands and deforms in the bottom space A (as shown by the hollow arrow in the figure) and contacts the extension portion 11121 to provide radial stiffness and vertical stiffness. In this way, the expansion and deformation of the bottom of the isolator rubber body is confined to a smaller space, so that when subjected to the ultimate load, the bottom of the isolator rubber body can contact the extension more quickly, thereby improving the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness of the isolator, that is, improving the ultimate load stiffness of the isolator. In addition, the bottom of the bottom space A is connected to the lower hull structure, so that the spatial volume of the reduced bottom space A is constant. Since the rubber is incompressible, the stiffness increases rapidly under large displacements, so that the ratio of ultimate load stiffness to dynamic stiffness reaches the requirement of ≥1, thereby improving the isolator's ability to resist ultimate loads and better ensuring the reliability of the equipment on board. In this embodiment, the extension 11121 is configured as a cylinder.

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown, the applicant has made further improvements by providing a flange portion 12 on the bottom surface of the upper seat plate 1111. The flange portion 12 extends into the space B, thereby reducing the volume of space B. Under the action of the ultimate load, the top of the isolator rubber body 113 expands and deforms within the bottom space B (as indicated by the hollow arrow in the figure), contacting the flange portion 12 to provide vertical stiffness. This confines the expansion and deformation of the top of the isolator rubber body to a smaller space, allowing the top of the rubber body to contact the flange portion 12 more quickly under the action of the ultimate load, thereby improving the vertical stiffness of the isolator and further enhancing the ultimate load stiffness of the isolator.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the inner surface of the bottom of the concave isolator rubber body 113 is designed as a three-segment oblique line structure, including oblique line segment 1 surface 1131, oblique line segment 2 surface 1132, and oblique line segment 3 surface 1133. These oblique line segment 1 surface 1131, oblique line segment 2 surface 1132, and oblique line segment 3 surface 1133 are sequentially connected end-to-end. When subjected to a limit load, oblique line segment 1 surface 1131 contacts the outer peripheral surface 111211 of the extension portion, supporting the upper mounting seat in the radial direction (X direction) to provide radial stiffness. Oblique line segment 2 surface 1132 contacts the bottom end surface 111212 of the extension portion, supporting the upper mounting seat in the vertical direction (Z direction) to provide vertical stiffness. Here, when the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness need to be adjusted, this can be achieved by adjusting the lengths of the first oblique segment profile 1131 and the second oblique segment profile 1132. For example, when a greater radial stiffness and vertical stiffness are required, the lengths of the first oblique segment profile 1131 and the second oblique segment profile 1132 can be appropriately increased. Conversely, when a smaller radial stiffness and vertical stiffness are required, the lengths of the first oblique segment profile 1131 and the second oblique segment profile 1132 can be appropriately shortened. In this way, the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness can be flexibly adjusted according to actual working conditions, thereby improving the practicality of this embodiment. In addition, by adjusting the oblique segment three-shaped surface 1133, the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness of the vibration isolator can also be adjusted. That is, an acute angle a is formed between the oblique segment three-shaped surface 1133 and the horizontal line. When the acute angle a is reduced, the total volume of the vibration isolator rubber body 113 is increased, thereby further improving the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness of the vibration isolator; conversely, when the acute angle a is increased, the total volume of the vibration isolator rubber body 113 is reduced, thereby further reducing the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness of the vibration isolator.

[0053] An inner recess 11221 is provided at the bottom end of the cone sleeve 1122 and on the inner circumferential surface. By providing the inner recess 11221 here, stress concentration on the rubber body is avoided, thereby improving the service life of the vibration isolator.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, the top surface of the rubber body is designed as a two-segment oblique line structure, including oblique line segment 4 surface 1134 and oblique line segment 5 surface 1135. These oblique line segment 4 surface 1134 and oblique line segment 5 surface 1135 are connected end to end. When subjected to a limit load, oblique line segment 4 surface 1134 contacts the bottom end surface 121 of the flange portion, supporting the upper mounting seat vertically (in the Z direction) to provide vertical stiffness.

[0055] The above-mentioned oblique line segments are transitioned with rounded corners. As the vertical load increases, they slowly come into contact with the upper mounting seat. This surface design can not only reduce rubber stress, avoid rubber wrinkles, and greatly improve product reliability, but also achieve variable stiffness under large displacement. By adjusting the slope and length of the straight line segment, the size and position of the stiffness change can be adjusted. Increasing the number of straight line segments can achieve multiple stiffness changes.

[0056] Here, since the corner D of the flange portion 12 is located at the profile of the top of the rubber body, in order to avoid contact and cutting of the corner of the flange portion 12 when the top of the rubber body expands and deforms, the slopes of the oblique segment fourth profile 1134 and the oblique segment fifth profile 1135 are set to be different, so that the oblique segment fourth profile 1134 is inclined toward the side close to the bottom end face 121 of the flange portion, while the oblique segment fifth profile 1135 is inclined toward the side away from the bottom end face 121 of the flange portion, thereby avoiding contact and cutting of the oblique segment fifth profile 1135 by the corner of the flange portion 12 when expanding and deforming, thereby further improving the service life of the vibration isolator.

[0057] In summary, when the displacement during vibration reduction is small, generally less than 5mm, and the displacement for resisting the ultimate load is large, generally greater than 25mm, the vibration isolator of the present invention can achieve an ultimate load stiffness / dynamic stiffness ≥ 1, achieving the effect of lower stiffness under small displacement and higher stiffness under large displacement. By reducing the bottom space A at the bottom of the rubber body and the space B at the top of the rubber body, the bottom and top of the rubber body can expand and deform more quickly in the reduced space, thereby improving the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness of the vibration isolator, that is, improving the ultimate load stiffness of the vibration isolator, so that the ratio of the ultimate load stiffness to the dynamic stiffness reaches the requirement of ≥ 1, improving the function of the vibration isolator to resist the ultimate load, and better ensuring the reliability of the equipment on board. An extension portion is provided on the bottom end surface of the conical circular boss, which extends into the bottom space A by extension, thereby reducing the spatial volume of the bottom space A. A flange portion is provided on the bottom surface of the upper seat plate, so that the flange portion extends into the space B, thereby reducing the spatial volume of the space B. The inner surface of the concave rubber body's bottom is designed as a three-segment diagonal structure. Adjusting this structure allows for further adjustment of radial and vertical stiffness, enabling the present invention to flexibly adjust these values ​​based on actual operating conditions, thereby improving practicality. The top surface of the rubber body is designed as a two-segment diagonal structure. This design not only increases the isolator's vertical stiffness but also prevents the top of the rubber body from being cut by adjacent components when it expands and deforms, further extending the isolator's service life.

[0058] The applicant has also made further improvements to the limiting device:

[0059] The existing limit devices have the following problems:

[0060] 1. The core shaft assembly is T-shaped. In order to facilitate the installation of the T-shaped core shaft assembly into the interior of the housing, the T-shaped core shaft assembly and the upper mounting plate are detachable structures. During installation, first place the T-shaped core shaft assembly into the housing so that one end of the T-shaped core shaft assembly extends out of the housing, and then connect the upper mounting plate to the end of the T-shaped core shaft assembly extending out of the housing with screws. However, if the T-shaped core shaft assembly and the upper mounting plate are connected with screws, when the limit device is subjected to a vertical upward tensile force, the T-shaped core shaft assembly will move upward relative to the housing, and the other end of the T-shaped core shaft assembly will contact the housing for vertical tensile limiting. At this time, the screw may break due to the huge upward tensile force, thereby causing damage to the limit device;

[0061] 2. Since the base plate is connected to the outer shell by screws, when the limit device is subjected to a vertical upward tensile force, the T-shaped core shaft assembly will move upward relative to the outer shell, and the other end of the T-shaped core shaft assembly will contact the outer shell for vertical tensile limiting. Driven by the upward tensile force, the outer shell will also have an upward movement trend. At this time, since the base plate is stationary, the screws connecting the base plate and the outer shell will also be subjected to an upward tensile force. Therefore, the screws may also break and fail, thereby causing damage to the limit device.

[0062] To this end, the applicant has made further improvements: Figure 3 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the core shaft assembly 7 of the limiting device 1 and the limiting device 2 includes a core shaft 711, an upper mounting plate 712 provided on one end of the core shaft 711, a limiting column 713 provided on the other end of the core shaft 711, and an elastic body 714, such as rubber, provided around the limiting column 713. The core shaft 711, the upper mounting plate 712, and the limiting column 713 are an integral structure, and the axial cross-section of the core shaft assembly 7 is an I-shaped shape. The outer sleeve 8 is a split structure, which is enclosed by a plurality of split outer sleeves 811. The base 9 includes a base plate 911 and a cylinder 912 provided on the base plate 911. After assembly, the limiting column 713 and the elastic body 714 are located in the inner cavity of the split structure jacket 8, one end of the core shaft 711 passes through the split structure jacket 8 and is exposed outside the split structure jacket 8, and the upper mounting plate 712 is set on the end of the core shaft 711 exposed outside the split structure jacket 8. After the split structure jacket 8 is interference-fitted into the cylinder 912 of the base 9, a connecting piece 11 such as a bolt is used to pass through the base plate 911 and screwed into the bottom of the split structure jacket 8, thereby connecting the base plate 911 and the split structure jacket 8 together. The upper mounting plate 712 is connected to the bottom of the key ship system 5 to be protected through the upper connecting piece 14, and the base plate 911 is installed on the lower component 4 of the hull through the lower connecting piece 15, thereby limiting and protecting the key ship system 5 through the limiting device.

[0063] In the above scheme, the core shaft assembly consisting of the core shaft, the upper mounting plate and the limiting column is designed to be an integrated structure, and its components do not need to be connected by screws as in the prior art. When subjected to vertical upward tensile force, the core shaft assembly with an integrated structure can withstand a greater force; however, after the core shaft assembly is designed as an integrated structure, its cross-section forms an I-shaped shape with large ends and a small middle, and it cannot be placed in an integral shell like in the prior art during assembly. Therefore, this embodiment designs the outer shell into a split structure to facilitate the assembly of the core shaft assembly with an integrated structure; in addition, the split structure outer shell is assembled to the base by interference force, which In addition to the connection structure formed by bolts and other connecting parts, the connection structure between the outer shell and the base also has an interference connection structure between the outer shell and the base. When subjected to vertical upward tensile force, the connection structure formed by bolts and other connecting parts and the interference connection structure between the outer shell and the base jointly withstand the upward tensile force. Therefore, through the joint improvements in the above aspects, the tensile strength of the limiting device in this embodiment is greatly increased. When performing vertical tensile limiting, failure problems such as breakage of the connecting parts between the components can be avoided, thereby ensuring that the limiting device can function normally during operation, thereby protecting the safety of the ship's key systems.

[0064] The assembly method of this embodiment is as follows: first, the split structure jacket 8 is enclosed on the outside of the core shaft assembly 7, so that the limiting column 713 is located inside the split structure jacket 8, and the upper mounting plate 712 is located outside the split structure jacket 8, and then the split structure jacket 8 with the core shaft assembly 7 is interference fit into the cylinder 912 of the base 9, and then the base plate 911 and the split structure jacket 8 are connected together by connecting parts 11 such as bolts.

[0065] like Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the axial cross-section of the split outer sleeve 811 is set to an inverted L shape, and the vertical gap between the core shaft assembly 7 and the outer sleeve 8 includes a gap H1 between the elastic body 714 wrapped on the upper surface of the limiting column 713 and the inner top surface of the split outer sleeve 811, a gap H2 between the elastic body 714 wrapped on the lower surface of the limiting column 713 and the top surface of the base plate 911, and a gap H3 between the bottom surface of the upper mounting plate 712 and the outer top surface of the split outer sleeve 811, wherein the gap Three H3>Gap two H2; when subjected to a vertical downward compressive force, the core shaft assembly 7 moves downward relative to the outer sleeve 8. During the downward movement, since the gap three H3>Gap two H2, the elastomer 714 wrapped around the lower surface of the limiting column 713 and the top surface of the base plate 911 first make elastic buffering contact, and then in the process of continuing to move downward, the bottom surface of the upper mounting plate 712 and the outer top surface of the split outer sleeve 811 make rigid contact to form a vertical downward limiting structure.

[0066] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, a protruding limiting block 13 is also provided on the upper surface of the limiting column 713, and the distance between the inner top surface of the split outer sleeve 811 and the limiting block 13 is set to a gap four H4, and the gap four H4> the gap one H1; when subjected to a vertical upward tensile force, the core shaft assembly 7 moves upward relative to the outer sleeve 8. During the upward movement, since the gap four H4> the gap one H1, the elastomer 714 wrapped around the upper surface of the limiting column 713 and the inner top surface of the split outer sleeve 811 first make elastic buffer contact, and then in the process of continuing to move upward, the inner top surface of the split outer sleeve 811 and the top surface of the limiting block 13 make rigid contact to form a vertical upward limiting structure. This design utilizes the limiting block to make rigid contact with the split outer sleeve, thereby avoiding the elastomer wrapped around the upper surface of the limiting column from being crushed during further movement, thereby increasing the service life of the limiting device.

[0067] After a plurality of inverted L-shaped split sleeves 811 are enclosed to form a sleeve 8, a sleeve through hole 812 is formed at the middle position of the top surface of the sleeve 8, and the core shaft 711 passes through the sleeve through hole 812. The radial gap between the core shaft assembly 7 and the sleeve 8 includes a gap H5 between the elastic body 714 wrapped around the side surface of the limiting column 713 and the inner peripheral surface of the split sleeve 811 and a gap H6 between the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve through hole 812 and the outer peripheral surface of the core shaft 711. The gap H6 is H6>gap five H5; when subjected to radial force, the core shaft assembly 7 moves radially relative to the outer sleeve 8. During the radial movement, since the gap six H6>gap five H5, the elastomer 714 wrapped around the side circumference of the limiting column 713 and the inner circumference of the split outer sleeve 811 first make elastic buffering contact, and then in the process of continuing radial movement, the inner circumference of the outer sleeve through hole 812 and the outer circumference of the core shaft 711 make rigid contact to form a radial limiting structure.

[0068] Through the above structural design, this embodiment can first perform elastic buffering contact in the vertical and radial directions, and then perform rigid limiting, so as to better protect the key systems of the ship.

[0069] The elastic body 714 wrapped around the side surface of the limiting cylinder 713 is arranged parallel to the inner surface of the split housing 811. In this embodiment, the limiting cylinder 713 is configured as an inverted cone with the large end at the top and the small end at the bottom, and its side surface is an inclined cone. Therefore, the elastic body 714 wrapped around the side surface of the limiting cylinder 713 is also arranged at an angle. To ensure that the inner surface of the split housing 811 is parallel to it, the inner surface of the split housing 811 is also configured as an inclined surface. The gaps 1 H1, 2 H2, and 5 H5 refer to the distances between the outer surface of the elastic body wrapped around the inverted cone limiting cylinder and the inner surface of the housing. This distance is the working gap H of the vibration isolator, which is the normal operating range of the vibration isolator. The working gap H of the vibration isolator can be adjusted according to actual operating conditions. When the critical system of the ship is subjected to an extreme load, the critical system moves relative to the components below the hull within the range of the working gap H of the vibration isolator, and the core shaft assembly 7 follows the critical system to move relative to the outer sleeve 8 within the range of the working gap H of the vibration isolator. At this time, the vibration isolator plays a role in isolating and protecting the critical system of the ship, while the core shaft assembly 7 and the outer sleeve 8 are not in contact and therefore do not work; when the extreme load is too large, so that the movement range of the critical system of the ship relative to the components below the hull exceeds the range of the working gap H of the vibration isolator, at this time, the core shaft assembly 7 and the outer sleeve 8 begin to contact and perform limiting work, providing necessary resistance or support, and limiting its further movement, thereby protecting the safety of the critical system of the ship.

[0070] This embodiment also discloses a stiffness adjustment method for an all-round anti-extreme load limit device, which adjusts the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness by adjusting the slope of the side surface of the inverted cone limit column 713 to adjust the area and thickness of the deformed rubber body when the elastomer contacts the shell.

[0071] like Figure 9 As shown, the premise for adjustment is: since gap one H1, gap two H2 and gap five H5 are all equal, the distance between the outer side surface of the elastomer 714 wrapped on the inverted conical limiting column 713 and the inner surface of the shell is fixed, so when adjusting, the position of the outer side surface of the elastomer 714 wrapped on the inverted conical limiting column 713 is fixed and cannot move, therefore, only the position of the inner side surface of the elastomer 714 can be adjusted.

[0072] For example, when adjusting the vertical stiffness, first, when subjected to a vertical downward compressive force, the core shaft assembly 7 moves downward relative to the outer sleeve 8. During the downward movement, the elastomer 714 wrapped around the lower surface of the limiting column 713 first makes elastic buffering contact with the top surface of the base plate 911, and the elastomer 714 deforms. The area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 and the top surface of the base plate 911 before deformation is set as S1. During design adjustment, the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 near the large end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 is used as the rotation point E, and the side surface is rotated a certain angle away from the outer sleeve 8 (as shown by the dotted line in the figure). At this time, the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 and the top surface of the base plate 911 before deformation is set as S2. Since the bottom surface position of the elastic body 714 wrapped around the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 is fixed, it can be seen that S2 < S1. In this way, since the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 and the top surface of the base plate 911 is reduced, the vertical compression stiffness is reduced, thereby reducing the vertical stiffness. Conversely, during design adjustments, the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 near the large end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 is used as the rotation point E, and the side surface is rotated a certain angle toward the side closer to the outer sleeve 8. At this time, since the bottom surface position of the elastic body 714 wrapped around the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 is fixed, it can be seen that S2>S1. In this way, since the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 and the top surface of the base plate 911 is increased, the vertical compression stiffness is increased, thereby increasing the vertical stiffness.

[0073] When the radial stiffness is adjusted: first, when subjected to radial force, the core shaft assembly 7 moves radially relative to the outer sleeve 8. During the radial movement, the elastomer 714 wrapped around the side circumference of the limiting column 713 and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 8 first make elastic buffering contact, and the elastomer 714 is deformed. The thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 8 before deformation is set as D1. During design adjustment, the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 near the large end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 is used as the rotation point E, and the side circumference is rotated a certain angle away from the outer sleeve 8 (as shown by the dotted line in the figure). At this time, the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 8 before deformation is set as D2. Since the outer surface of the elastic body 714 wrapped around the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 is fixed, it can be seen that D2>D1. In this way, due to the increase in the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 8, the radial stiffness is reduced. Conversely, during design adjustments, the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 near the large end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 is used as the rotation point E, and the side surface is rotated a certain angle toward the side closer to the outer sleeve 8. At this time, since the outer surface of the elastic body 714 wrapped around the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 is fixed, it can be seen that D2 < D1. In this way, since the thickness of the deformable rubber body located between the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 and the inner surface of the outer sleeve 8 is reduced, the radial stiffness is actually increased.

[0074] It should be noted here that the above technical solution is to use the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 near the large end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 as the rotation point E, and to rotate the side surface to adjust the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness; conversely, in fact, the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 near the small end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 can also be used as the rotation point F (such as Figure 9 The vertical and radial stiffnesses are adjusted by rotating the lateral surface (as shown by point F in the figure):

[0075] When adjusting the vertical stiffness: First, when subjected to a vertical upward tensile force, the core shaft assembly 7 moves downward relative to the outer sleeve 8. During the upward movement, the elastic body 714 wrapped around the upper surface of the limiting column 713 first makes elastic buffering contact with the inner top surface of the split outer sleeve 811, causing the elastic body 714 to deform. During the design adjustment, the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting column 713 near the small end of the inverted conical limiting column 713 is used as the rotation point F, and the side surface is rotated a certain angle toward the side away from the outer sleeve 8, so that the area of ​​the deformed rubber body between the upper surface of the inverted conical limiting column 713 and the inner top surface of the split outer sleeve 811 is reduced. Therefore, the vertical tensile stiffness is reduced, thereby reducing the vertical stiffness. On the contrary, during the design adjustment, the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting column 713 near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting column 713 is used as the rotation point F, and the side surface is rotated toward the side close to the outer sleeve 8 by a certain angle, so that the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting column 713 and the inner top surface of the split outer sleeve 811 is increased, and therefore the vertical tensile stiffness is increased, thereby increasing the vertical stiffness.

[0076] When adjusting the radial stiffness: First, when subjected to a radial force, the core shaft assembly 7 moves radially relative to the outer sleeve 8. During this radial movement, the elastic body 714 wrapped around the side surface of the limiting cylinder 713 first makes elastic buffering contact with the inner surface of the outer sleeve 8, causing the elastic body 714 to deform. During the design adjustment, the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 near the small end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 is used as the rotation point F, and the side surface is rotated a certain angle away from the outer sleeve 8. As a result, the thickness of the deformed rubber body located between the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 and the inner surface of the outer sleeve 8 increases, and therefore, the radial stiffness is reduced. On the contrary, during the design adjustment, the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 is used as the rotation point F, and the side surface is rotated toward the side close to the outer sleeve 8 by a certain angle, so that the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder 713 and the inner side surface of the outer sleeve 8 is reduced, and therefore the radial stiffness is increased.

[0077] Therefore, in this embodiment, the vertical and radial stiffness of the limiting device can be adjusted according to actual working conditions, thereby improving practicality and meeting the needs of various application conditions.

[0078] Example 2: Compared with Example 1, the difference is that when this embodiment adjusts the vertical and radial stiffness, it is not only adjusted by adjusting the slope of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting column, but also by adjusting the wrapping area of ​​the elastomer wrapped on the inverted conical limiting column to adjust the volume of the deformed rubber body when the elastomer contacts the shell, so as to adjust the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness.

[0079] like Figure 10 As shown, the elastic body 714 wrapped around the inverted conical limiting column 713 is divided into an elastic body 1 7141 in the vertical direction and an elastic body 2 7142 in the radial direction;

[0080] When adjusting the radial stiffness, the wrapping area between the second elastic body 7142 and the inverted conical limiting column 713 is reduced (as shown in the figure where there is a gap in the second elastic body 7142), thereby reducing the volume of the deformed rubber body when the second elastic body 7142 and the outer sleeve 8 are in contact, thereby increasing the radial stiffness; conversely, the wrapping area between the second elastic body 7142 and the inverted conical limiting column 713 is increased, thereby increasing the volume of the deformed rubber body when the second elastic body 7142 and the outer sleeve 8 are in contact, thereby reducing the radial stiffness.

[0081] The same principle applies when adjusting vertical stiffness:

[0082] By reducing the wrapping area between the elastic body 1 7141 and the inverted conical limiting column 713, the volume of the deformed rubber body when the elastic body 2 7142 contacts the outer sleeve 8 or the base 9 is reduced, thereby increasing the vertical stiffness; conversely, by increasing the wrapping area between the elastic body 1 7141 and the inverted conical limiting column 713, the volume of the deformed rubber body when the elastic body 1 7141 contacts the outer sleeve 8 or the base 9 is increased, thereby reducing the vertical stiffness.

[0083] In addition to adjusting the radial and vertical stiffness by adjusting the slope of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting column, this embodiment can also further fine-tune the radial and vertical stiffness by adjusting the wrapping area of ​​the elastic body wrapped around the inverted conical limiting column, thereby further improving the practicality of this embodiment.

[0084] The term "plurality" in the embodiments refers to "two or more." The above embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various modifications or alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A vibration isolation and anti-limit load limit system for a key system of a ship, comprising a vibration isolator and a limit device, wherein the limit device is a non-contact limit device, characterized in that: The limiting device includes a limiting device 1 and a limiting device 2, the bottoms of the vibration isolator and the limiting device 1 are connected to the components below the hull, the tops of the vibration isolator and the limiting device 1 are connected to the bottom of the key ship system to be protected, the bottom of the limiting device 2 is connected to the top of the key ship system, and the top of the limiting device 2 is connected to the components above the hull, and the distance L between the components below the hull and the components above the hull remains unchanged; The limiting device 1 and the limiting device 2 both include a core shaft assembly, a sleeve and a base, the sleeve is arranged on the base to form a shell, the core shaft assembly extends into the sleeve and there is a gap between the core shaft assembly and the shell in the vertical and radial directions to form a non-contact connection structure, the core shaft assembly includes a core shaft, an upper mounting plate arranged on one end of the core shaft, a limiting column arranged on the other end of the core shaft and an elastomer arranged around the limiting column, the core shaft, the upper mounting plate and the limiting column are an integrated structure, the sleeve is a split structure, which is surrounded by a plurality of split sleeves; the base includes a base plate and a cylinder arranged on the base plate; the limiting column is located in the inner cavity of the split structure sleeve, one end of the core shaft passes through the split structure sleeve and is exposed from the split structure sleeve, and the upper mounting plate is arranged on one end of the core shaft exposed from the split structure sleeve; After the split structure outer shell is interference-fitted into the cylinder of the base, a connector is screwed through the base plate into the bottom of the split structure outer shell, thereby connecting the base plate and the split structure outer shell together.

2. A vibration isolation and limiting method for the vibration isolation and limit load limiting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the key system of the ship is displaced by the impact of the extreme load, the vibration isolator is used for vibration isolation protection. At this time, the limit device 1 and the limit device 2 are non-contact structures and no limiting work is performed; when the key system of the ship is displaced by the impact of a larger extreme load, the limit device 1 and the limit device 2 form a contact structure to provide limit protection for the key system of the ship.

3. The vibration isolation and limiting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first and second limiting devices both include a core shaft assembly, a jacket and a base, the jacket and the base are connected to form a shell, the base of the first limiting device is connected to a component below the hull, the top of the core shaft assembly of the first limiting device is connected to a key system of the ship, the base of the second limiting device is connected to a key system of the ship, the top of the core shaft assembly of the second limiting device is connected to a component above the hull, the core shaft assembly extends into the jacket and there is a gap between the core shaft assembly and the shell in the vertical and radial directions, forming a non-contact connection structure; A plurality of adjustment gaskets are arranged between the top of the core shaft assembly of the limit device one and the key system of the ship; when the isolator rubber body in the vibration isolator creeps, causing the vertical gap in the limit device one to decrease and the vertical gap in the limit device two to increase, some of the plurality of adjustment gaskets are removed and installed in the position between the top of the core shaft assembly of the limit device two and the upper component of the hull, so that the vertical gap returns to normal.

4. The vibration isolation and limiting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vibration isolator also includes an upper mounting seat and a lower mounting seat, the upper mounting seat includes an upper seat plate and a downwardly protruding conical circular boss arranged on the bottom surface of the upper seat plate, the lower mounting seat includes a lower seat plate and a conical sleeve arranged on the top surface of the lower seat plate, the conical circular boss is inserted into the conical sleeve and is vulcanized and bonded between the outer conical surface of the conical circular boss and the inner conical surface of the conical sleeve by the vibration isolator rubber body, thereby connecting the upper mounting seat and the lower mounting seat through the vibration isolator rubber body, the vibration isolator rubber body is in the shape of a conical sleeve, and the bottom of the vibration isolator rubber body is set to be concave, and the groove formed at the bottom of the concave vibration isolator rubber body is the bottom space A of the vibration isolator rubber body; a space B is formed between the top surface of the vibration isolator rubber body and the bottom surface of the upper seat plate; the top surface of the upper seat plate is connected to the key system of the ship to be protected, and the bottom surface of the lower seat plate is connected to the lower component of the hull; By reducing the spatial volume of the bottom space A at the bottom of the rubber body, the bottom of the rubber body expands, deforms and contacts within the reduced bottom space A when subjected to an ultimate load; and by reducing the spatial volume of the space B at the top of the rubber body, the top of the rubber body expands, deforms and contacts within the reduced space B when subjected to an ultimate load, thereby improving the radial stiffness and vertical stiffness of the vibration isolator, thereby improving the ultimate load stiffness of the vibration isolator.

5. The vibration isolation and limiting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The volume of the bottom space A at the bottom of the rubber body is reduced by providing an extension portion on the bottom end surface of the conical circular boss so that the extension portion extends into the bottom space A, thereby reducing the volume of the bottom space A; The volume of the space B at the top of the rubber body is reduced by providing a flange portion on the bottom surface of the upper seat plate so that the flange portion extends into the space B, thereby reducing the volume of the space B.

6. The vibration isolation and limiting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner surface of the bottom of the concave rubber body is designed to have a three-segment oblique line structure, including oblique line segment 1, oblique line segment 2, and oblique line segment 3, which are connected end to end in sequence. When subjected to a limit load, the oblique line segment 1 is used to contact the outer peripheral surface of the extension portion to provide radial stiffness, and the oblique line segment 2 is used to contact the bottom end surface of the extension portion to provide vertical stiffness. The profile of the top of the rubber body is designed as a two-segment oblique line structure, including an oblique line segment four profile and an oblique line segment five profile, which are connected end to end in sequence; when subjected to an extreme load, the oblique line segment four profile is used to fit in contact with the bottom end surface of the flange to provide vertical stiffness.

7. The vibration isolation and limiting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The limiting column is configured to be in an inverted cone shape with the large end at the top and the small end at the bottom, and the distance between the outer side surface of the elastic body wrapped around the inverted cone limiting column and the inner surface of the shell is fixed; The end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the large head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder is used as the rotation point E, and the side surface is rotated to adjust the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness, or the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder is used as the rotation point F, and the side surface is rotated to adjust the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness.

8. The vibration isolation and limiting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness by rotating the side surface with the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the large end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point E comprises the following steps: When adjusting the vertical stiffness: with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting column near the large head end of the inverted conical limiting column as the rotation point E, the side circumference is rotated toward the side away from the outer sleeve, thereby reducing the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting column and the top surface of the base, and reducing the vertical compression stiffness; conversely, with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting column near the large head end of the inverted conical limiting column as the rotation point E, the side circumference is rotated toward the side close to the outer sleeve, thereby increasing the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the bottom surface of the inverted conical limiting column and the top surface of the base plate, and increasing the vertical compression stiffness; When the radial stiffness is adjusted: with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the large head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point E, the side circumference is rotated toward the side away from the outer sleeve, thereby increasing the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve, and reducing the radial stiffness; conversely, with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the large head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point E, the side circumference is rotated toward the side close to the outer sleeve, thereby reducing the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve, and increasing the radial stiffness; The method of adjusting the vertical stiffness and radial stiffness by rotating the side surface with the end of the side surface of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the small end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point F comprises the following steps: When adjusting the vertical stiffness: with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting column near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting column as the rotation point F, the side circumference is rotated toward the side away from the outer sleeve, thereby reducing the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the upper surface of the inverted conical limiting column and the inner top surface of the outer sleeve, and reducing the vertical tensile stiffness; conversely, with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting column near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting column as the rotation point F, the side circumference is rotated toward the side close to the outer sleeve, thereby increasing the area of ​​the deformable rubber body between the upper surface of the inverted conical limiting column and the inner top surface of the outer sleeve, and increasing the vertical tensile stiffness; When the radial stiffness is adjusted: with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point F, the side circumference is rotated toward the side away from the outer sleeve, thereby increasing the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve, and reducing the radial stiffness; conversely, with the end of the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder near the small head end of the inverted conical limiting cylinder as the rotation point F, the side circumference is rotated toward the side close to the outer sleeve, thereby reducing the thickness of the deformable rubber body between the side circumference of the inverted conical limiting cylinder and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve, and increasing the radial stiffness.

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