An electronically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator and energy release method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of energy storage and release technology and discloses an electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator and an energy release method. The electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator converts electrical energy into thermal energy through an electric heating element to heat carbon dioxide in a high-pressure container. When the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide reach above the critical point, it enters a supercritical state. At this time, the carbon dioxide is in a gaseous state with a density close to that of a liquid, a viscosity close to that of a gas, and a diffusion coefficient between that of a gas and a liquid. A control system controls the opening of a pressure release device based on the heating of the carbon dioxide and adjusts the power of the electric heating element to ensure that the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container is at a preset pressure increase rate level. In this way, by electrically heating the carbon dioxide and using a control system to regulate the pressure release and the power of the electric heating element based on the heating efficiency of the electric heating element, the heating speed can be increased, the reusability rate is high, and the controllability of the energy release process is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage and release, and in particular relates to an electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator and an energy release method. Background Art

[0002] Liquid carbon dioxide energy storage and release technology, due to its high energy storage density, rapid heat transfer, flexibility, and environmental friendliness, is widely used in fields such as electricity, transportation, and national defense. In recent years, the use of liquid carbon dioxide supercritical phase change energy storage and release technology has achieved major breakthroughs in supercritical power generation and missile cold launch. This technology has been particularly effective in improving the performance of weaponry such as missile cold launch, drone catapult launch, and rapid missile erection.

[0003] Existing liquid carbon dioxide energy storage and release technology, used in weapon launch applications, typically involves installing an activator within the power unit. This activator houses a combustible chemical agent. A microcurrent triggers the chemical to burn, rapidly releasing heat that is transferred to the liquid carbon dioxide, causing a supercritical phase transition. However, this energy release method presents challenges such as an uncontrollable release process, the inherent polluting nature of the chemical agent, relatively poor safety, and the inability to reuse the agent. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the above background technology and provide an electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator and an energy release method.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is:

[0006] An electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator comprises: a high-pressure container, an electric heating element disposed in the high-pressure container, a pressure relief device, and a control system connected to the electric heating element;

[0007] The high-pressure container is used to store carbon dioxide in different phases and is also used as a high-pressure container for carbon dioxide energy storage, pressure building, and liquid-gas phase change;

[0008] The electric heating element is used to convert electrical energy into thermal energy to heat the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container;

[0009] The control system is used to determine the initial parameters in the high-pressure container according to the set target values, and to inject liquid based on the initial parameters. It is also used to calculate the heating efficiency of the electric heating element and determine the target power supply according to the heating efficiency. After the target power supply is turned on, when the internal energy and pressure of the carbon dioxide reach the set threshold value, it is also used to control the opening of the pressure relief device; and to adjust the power of the electric heating element so that the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container is at a preset pressure increase rate level.

[0010] Based on a general inventive concept, the present invention further provides an energy release method for an electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator, which is applied to the electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator, and the method comprises:

[0011] Initialize the initial parameters in the high-pressure container according to the set target values, wherein the initial parameters include the release pressure threshold of the filled CO2 and the mass of the CO2;

[0012] Injecting liquid carbon dioxide into the container through the injection valve based on the initial parameters;

[0013] The heating efficiency of the electric heating element is calculated based on the initial state parameters of CO2, and an empirical correlation formula for the heating efficiency is established to obtain the total power of the electric heating element;

[0014] A target power supply is determined based on the total power, and the target power supply is turned on. The electric heating element utilizes the heat energy and radiation energy generated by the Joule effect of the current flowing through the conductor to electrically heat the carbon dioxide. Under a constant volume state, the internal energy and pressure of the carbon dioxide continue to increase. During this process, if the temperature measured by the temperature probe embedded in the electric heating tube reaches the set temperature threshold, the control system automatically adjusts the electric heating current value, and the heating value of the electric heating tube decreases.

[0015] When the working time is lower than the first set time threshold, when the pressure in the high-pressure container exceeds the set pressure threshold, the control system controls the pressure relief device to open, and the supercritical carbon dioxide is discharged and begins to expand and do work;

[0016] In the case where the working time exceeds the second set time threshold, when the pressure in the high-pressure vessel exceeds the set pressure threshold, the monitoring component obtains the pressure and temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure vessel, and the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure vessel during the liquid-to-gas phase change process. The adjustment feedback control module generates an adjustment feedback signal based on the pressure, temperature, and pressure increase rate and sends it to the control system. The control system adjusts the power of the electric heating element according to the adjustment feedback signal to ensure that the pressure increase rate of the high-pressure vessel is at a preset pressure increase rate level.

[0017] The second set time threshold is greater than the first set time threshold.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present application discloses an electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator that converts electrical energy into thermal energy through an electric heating element to heat the carbon dioxide in a high-pressure container. When the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide reach a critical point, it enters a supercritical state. At this point, the carbon dioxide is in a gaseous state with a density close to that of a liquid, a viscosity close to that of a gas, and a diffusion coefficient between that of a gas and a liquid. The control system controls the opening of the pressure relief device based on the heating of the carbon dioxide, and adjusts the power of the electric heating element so that the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container is at a preset pressure increase rate level. In this way, by electrically heating the carbon dioxide and regulating the pressure release and the power of the electric heating element based on the heating efficiency of the electric heating element, the heating speed can be increased, the reusability rate can be increased, and the controllability of the energy release process can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator provided in a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the terminal provided in the preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first sealing ring provided in the preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a high-pressure container provided in a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a resistive heating tube provided in a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the second sealing groove of the resistive heating tube provided in a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of the energy release method of the electronically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator provided in the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Reference numerals:

[0029] 1. Metal casing; 2. Magnesium oxide powder; 3. Insulating fixture; 4. Heating wire; 5. Insulating sealing layer; 7. Second sealing groove; 7-1. Metal sealing ring; 7-2. Non-metallic sealing ring; 10. Protective cover; 20. High-pressure container; 21. Flange cover; 211. First flange cover; 212. Second flange cover; 212-1. Filling valve; 212-2. Terminal block; 212-2a. Convex column head; 212- 2b. Hexagonal screw; 212-2c. Insulating rubber sleeve 212-2c; 212-5. Polytetrafluoroethylene gasket; 23. First sealing ring; 24. Sensor mounting hole; 25. Pressure sensor; 26. Safety valve hole; 27. Exhaust valve hole; 30. Insulation layer; 40. Ceramic insulation layer; 50. Electric heating element; 51. Wire; 501. Infrared heating tube group 501; 502. Porous ceramic annular plate; 60. Control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more comprehensive and detailed form below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one" or "a" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly.

[0034] It should be understood that the electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator provided in this application can be applied in different scenarios, such as high-speed ejection of rockets / missiles / rescue supplies, rapid erection of large inertia loads, etc.

[0035] See Figure 1-Figure 4 , the present application provides an electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator, comprising: a high-pressure container 20, an electric heating element 50 disposed in the high-pressure container 20, a pressure relief device, and a control system 60 connected to the electric heating element 50;

[0036] The high-pressure container 20 is used to store carbon dioxide in different phases and is also used as a high-pressure container 20 for carbon dioxide energy storage, pressure building, and liquid-gas phase change;

[0037] The electric heating element 50 is used to convert electrical energy into thermal energy to heat the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container 20;

[0038] The control system 60 is used to determine the initial parameters in the high-pressure container 20 according to the set target values, and to perform liquid injection based on the initial parameters. It is also used to calculate the heating efficiency of the electric heating element 50 and determine the target power supply based on the heating efficiency. After the target power supply is turned on, when the internal energy and pressure of the carbon dioxide reach the set threshold value, it is also used to control the opening of the pressure relief device; and to adjust the power of the electric heating element 50 so that the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container 20 is at a preset pressure increase rate level.

[0039] In this embodiment, the electric heating elements 50 can be arranged in a straight tube, spiral, or fin configuration. The straight tube discrete configuration offers a simple structure, good pressure resistance, and eases deployment in multiple groups within the high-pressure vessel 20. The spiral and fin configurations offer large heat dissipation areas and relatively good heat exchange performance. Specifically, to improve heating efficiency and temperature field uniformity, the electric heating elements 50 should be positioned below the vessel as much as possible or arranged uniformly in a ring pattern.

[0040] Because the goals in different scenarios are inconsistent, the target values ​​are set differently depending on the application scenario. When using an electronically controlled CO2 phase change generator as a power plant, the required electronically controlled XB generator volume V and release diameter D(t), CO2 filling density ρ, supercritical CO2 release pressure P, and temperature threshold T are not consistent. The relationship between the target value F and related variables is summarized as follows:

[0041] F=f(V,D(t),ρ,P,T)(1);

[0042] In the above formula, the target value F can be the maximum cylinder thrust, the load exit velocity, the maximum overload of the projectile, the average overload, etc. Once the target value and the system's key power parameters (such as the FS caliber, load mass, and power stroke) are determined, the variables in the formula can be matched through simulation or experimentation to determine the coefficient values ​​before each variable, i.e., the initial parameters within the high-pressure vessel 20. By conducting interior ballistic simulation and experimental analysis within a wide range of target values ​​for the same application scenario, empirical relationships between relevant variables under a wide range of target values ​​can be obtained, facilitating rapid matching of parameters in similar application scenarios.

[0043] Specifically, the heating efficiency of the electric heating element 50 is calculated as follows:

[0044] After formula (1) is established, the energy demand of CO2 in the entire constant volume heating stage can be obtained. In order to quickly determine the total heating power Q, it is also necessary to obtain the correlation between the electric heating efficiency η and various variables. These variables are CO2 filling density ρ, initial temperature T, electric control XB generator volume V, dimensionless space layout parameter The relationship between the heating element structural parameters (outer diameter d, wall thickness δ, length l) and the heat flux density q of the electric heating element 50. The relationship between the electric heating efficiency η and related variables is summarized as follows:

[0045]

[0046] It is worth noting that the formula in this embodiment is only an example and may be changed in different scenarios.

[0047] The electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator uses an electric heating element 50 to convert electrical energy into thermal energy to heat the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure vessel 20. When the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide reach a critical point, it enters a supercritical state. At this point, the carbon dioxide is in a gaseous state with a density close to that of a liquid, a viscosity close to that of a gas, and a diffusion coefficient intermediate between those of gases and liquids. A control system 60 controls the opening of the pressure release device based on the heating of the carbon dioxide and adjusts the power of the electric heating element 50 to maintain a predetermined pressure increase rate within the high-pressure vessel 20. This method of electrically heating the carbon dioxide and regulating the pressure release and power of the electric heating element based on the heating efficiency of the electric heating element by the control system 60 can improve heating speed, increase reusability, and enhance the controllability of the energy release process.

[0048] Optionally, the above-mentioned electronically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator further includes a monitoring component provided in the high-pressure container 20, and the monitoring component is used to obtain the pressure and temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container 20 and the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container 20 during the liquid-to-gas phase change process.

[0049] In this optional embodiment, the monitoring components include but are not limited to a pressure sensor 25 and a temperature sensor. Specifically, the sensors are installed through the sensor installation hole 24.

[0050] Optionally, the above-mentioned electronically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator further includes a regulating feedback control module, wherein an input end of the regulating feedback control module is connected to the monitoring component, and an output end of the regulating feedback control module is connected to the control system 60. The regulating feedback control module is configured to receive the pressure, temperature, and pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container 20 during the liquid-gas phase change process measured by the monitoring component, and convert the received data into a regulating feedback signal, which is then sent to the control system 60.

[0051] The control system 60 is used to adjust the electric heating parameters of the electric heating element 50 according to the adjustment feedback signal, and the electric heating parameters include electric heating power and electric heating time.

[0052] In this embodiment, the control system 60 adjusts the electric heating parameters of the electric heating element 50 according to the adjustment feedback signal, and can adjust the power according to the real-time situation in the high-pressure container 20, thereby improving flexibility.

[0053] Optionally, a first flange cover plate 211 is provided at one end of the high-pressure vessel 20, and a second flange cover plate 212 is provided at the other end of the high-pressure vessel 20. The first flange cover plate 211 and the second flange cover plate 212 constitute the flange cover plate 21. A first polytetrafluoroethylene sealing ring 23 is provided between the high-pressure vessel 20 and the first flange cover plate 211. The second flange cover plate 212 is provided with an injection valve 212-1 and a terminal 212-2, through which liquid carbon dioxide is injected into the high-pressure vessel 20. One end of the terminal 212-2 is connected to the control system 60, and the other end of the terminal 212-2 is connected to the electric heating element 50. The terminal 212-2 is fixed to the second flange cover plate 212 via a polytetrafluoroethylene gasket 212-5.

[0054] In this embodiment, liquid carbon dioxide or a gas-liquid mixture of carbon dioxide is typically contained within the high-pressure vessel 20 at a pressure of no less than 3 MPa. During the carbon dioxide phase change process, the pressure within the high-pressure vessel 20 can reach several hundred MPa. The sealing ring may be a metal sealing ring 7-1, a non-metallic sealing ring 7-2, or a combination of metal and non-metallic sealing rings. The type of sealing ring is determined by the CO2 temperature and pressure range within the electronically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator.

[0055] Optionally, when the temperature threshold of the heated CO2 medium does not exceed 200°C, the terminal 212-2 includes a convex column head 212-2a, an external hexagonal screw 212-2b and an insulating rubber sleeve, the insulating rubber sleeve is adapted to the convex column head 212-2a, and the end of the convex column head 212-2a is fixed to the second flange cover 212 through an insulating gasket; when the temperature threshold of the heated CO2 medium exceeds 200°C and the pressure is higher than the set value, the terminal 212-2 is insulated and sealed by ceramic sintering.

[0056] In this embodiment, the insulating rubber sleeve and the polytetrafluoroethylene gasket 212-5 work together to improve the sealing of the terminal 212-2 and effectively insulate it, preventing the entire container from being electrified. Specifically, when the pressure is higher than the set value, it means when the pressure is higher than 40 MPa. This is for example only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0057] Optionally, the heating method of the electric heating element 50 includes infrared heating;

[0058] The electric heating element 50 includes an infrared heating tube and a clamping fixing plate. There is at least one infrared heating tube, and two or more clamping fixing plates are provided and arranged along the axial direction of the high-pressure container 20. The clamping fixing plate is provided with a heating tube fixing hole, and the infrared heating tube is fixed in the high-pressure container 20 along the axial direction of the high-pressure container 20 through the heating tube fixing hole.

[0059] In one example, when the pressure relief device is located on the side of the electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator, the impact of the airflow impact on the clamping plate is smaller than when the pressure relief device is located on the end face of the electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator. At this time, considering using ceramic or polytetrafluoroethylene as the material of the clamping plate, the heat loss caused by direct contact between the clamping plate and the inner wall of the high-pressure container 20 can be reduced.

[0060] In this embodiment, the infrared heating tubes withstand a pressure of no more than 25 MPa. To ensure their pressure resistance, they utilize medium-wave infrared heating tubes with a transparent quartz shell and tungsten-molybdenum filaments. The infrared heating tubes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the high-pressure vessel 20 under the action of the porous ceramic annular plate 502. This ensures uniform heating of the carbon dioxide within the high-pressure vessel 20, improving the temperature uniformity of the carbon dioxide within the vessel 20.

[0061] In order to maximize the use of radiation energy, the inner wall of the high-pressure container 20 is coated with a reflective coating, which can significantly attenuate the wall's absorption ratio of infrared radiation energy; the surface temperature of the infrared heating tube is designed to be between 640K~710K and 1000K~1115K. The infrared radiation released at this temperature is exactly in the infrared characteristic absorption band of carbon dioxide.

[0062] Optionally, the heating method of the electric heating element 50 includes resistive heating;

[0063] The electric heating element 50 includes a resistive heating tube group, wherein a plurality of resistive heating tubes are provided in the resistive heating tube group, and all of the resistive heating tubes are internally mounted in the high-pressure vessel 20. Alternatively, the ends of the resistive heating tubes are provided with threads or processed with sealing rings to be fixedly connected to the first flange cover plate 211. When the ends of the resistive heating tubes are provided with threads, raw tape is used for sealing. When the ends of the resistive heating tubes are provided with sealing rings, a combination gasket or metal sealing ring 7-1 is used for sealing. The method of using raw tape for sealing is suitable for applications where the pressure of the heated medium is below 40 MPa and the temperature of the heated medium does not exceed 200°C. The method of using a combination gasket or metal sealing ring 7-1 for sealing is suitable for applications where the heated medium has an ultra-high pressure (>200 MPa) and a high temperature (>200°C).

[0064] In this embodiment, the resistive heating element adopts a different structural design, and its pressure range can be between 0.1 and 300 MPa, and its working environment temperature range can be between -50°C and 400°C.

[0065] In one example, the number of electric heating elements 50 is 36, which are arranged in a ring-shaped manner, wherein 6, 12, and 18 electric heating elements 50 are arranged in the inner, middle, and outer layers respectively, with a total heating power of 216KW, achieving a filling density of 800kg / m 3 The liquid carbon dioxide is heated by high power electric heating in a CO2 constant volume state and quickly stores energy and reduces pressure within 3 seconds from 5MPa to 16MPa.

[0066] In another embodiment, the high-pressure container 20 is an integrally processed high-pressure container 20, and the top surface of the integrally processed high-pressure container 20 is respectively provided with a liquid injection hole and an installation hole for the electric heating element 50. When the electric heating element 50 needs to be installed, the electric heating element 50 is inserted from the other end of the high-pressure container 20 and fixed by threaded connection or double nut fastening.

[0067] In this implementation, the high-pressure vessel 20 is manufactured in an integrated manner, eliminating the top flange design and reducing the number of leakage surfaces. When the electric heating element 50 is threaded, the seal is typically a raw tape or a combination gasket, which is typically located on the outside of the high-pressure vessel 20. When the electric heating element 50 is secured using a double-nut fastening method, the seal is typically a combination gasket or a metal gasket, with the sealing side located on the inside of the high-pressure vessel 20. As the pressure within the high-pressure vessel 20 increases, the seal is continuously compressed. The other end of the high-pressure vessel 20 is typically flange-connected to a pressure relief device.

[0068] In one example, if Figure 5-6 As shown, the resistive heating tube includes a metal shell 1 and the sealing ring, which is integrally formed with the metal shell 1, and a second sealing groove 7 is provided on the sealing ring. A combined sealing ring is provided in the second sealing groove 7, wherein the sealing ring close to the side of the metal shell 1 is a metal sealing ring 7-1, and the sealing ring close to the outer side of the sealing ring is a non-metallic sealing ring 7-2.

[0069] In addition, the resistive heating tube is equipped with a temperature measuring probe connected to the control system 60. The temperature measuring probe is used to monitor the internal temperature value of the resistive heating tube and send the internal temperature value to the control system 60. The control system 60 determines whether the temperature value exceeds the set temperature threshold. If the temperature exceeds the set temperature threshold, the current is regulated to reduce the heat generated by the resistive heating tube.

[0070] It is worth noting that the resistive heating tube also includes insulating magnesium oxide powder 2, an insulating fixture 3, a heating wire 4, an insulating sealing layer 5, a wire 51 and a sealing groove. The insulating fixture 3 is arranged in the metal shell 1, and the heating wire 4 is wound and fixed on the insulating fixture 3. The insulating magnesium oxide powder 2 is filled between the outside of the heating wire 4 and the metal shell 1. The insulating sealing layer 5 is glued to the top of the resistive heating tube, and the embedded temperature probe is pre-buried between the heating wire 4 and the insulating magnesium oxide powder 2. Since the yield strength of different metal shells 1 at high temperatures is different, when the maximum equivalent stress of the metal shell 1 under the set confining pressure is calculated and the safety factor is taken into account, the yield strength corresponding to the material used for the metal shell 1 at different temperatures can be queried and the maximum allowable heating temperature can be selected. When the temperature measured by the embedded temperature probe is higher than this value, the current can be regulated by the control system 60 to reduce the heat generated by the resistive heating tube and ensure the safe use of the resistive heating tube.

[0071] In this example, in order to ensure that the resistive heating element can operate normally under ultra-high confining pressure conditions, rust-resistant high-strength metal is selected as the material of the resistive heating tube shell. This ensures that the material mechanical properties under high temperature conditions also have a certain degree of corrosion resistance, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the electric heating element 50; wrapped between the heating wire 4 and the high-strength metal shell 1 is high thermal conductivity insulating magnesium oxide powder 2, and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the magnesium oxide powder 2 can reach 120W / mK, which greatly improves the heat dissipation speed of the heating wire 4, and can make up for part of the slow heating rate caused by the relatively low thermal conductivity coefficient of the rust-resistant high-strength metal.

[0072] In terms of processing technology: deep hole drilling is performed on the entire high-strength metal rod with a length of more than 1m, replacing the previous method of selecting suitable metal pipe materials and then welding and encapsulating the two ends during the manufacturing of heating tubes. The advantage of this method is that it completely avoids the adverse consequences of insufficient weld strength, insufficient stacking or air holes in the welding process caused by welding, which may lead to the heated medium directly entering the interior of the heating tube from the weld and damaging the internal insulation material of the heating tube under extreme confining pressure scenarios.

[0073] In terms of sealing technology: the sealing ring and the heating tube are integrally formed without welding, which can completely prevent the heated medium from leaking from the weld through the heating tube connection hole of the flange to the outside of the high-pressure container 20 under ultra-high confining pressure working environment; a second sealing groove 7 is provided on the sealing ring, and a combined sealing ring is provided in the second sealing groove 7, wherein the sealing ring close to the heating tube side is a metal sealing ring 7-1, and the sealing ring close to the outside of the sealing ring is a non-metallic sealing ring 7-2. During use, the sealing ring is always subjected to the pressure from the heated medium applied to its surface in the direction of the flange, so the sealing ring set in the sealing groove is in a continuously compressed state, and the higher the confining pressure, the tighter the compression, and the better the sealing effect. Among them, the non-metallic sealing ring 7-2 can be made of nylon, polyimide, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., while the metal sealing ring 7-1 can be made of stainless steel, copper, aluminum, alloy steel, etc. The combined seal ring consists of a non-metallic seal ring 7-2 and a metal seal ring 7-1. When under internal pressure, the non-metallic seal ring 7-2 is positioned inside; when under external pressure, the non-metallic seal ring 7-2 is positioned outside. This combined seal ring can be used in ultra-high-pressure, high-temperature sealing scenarios, with minimal requirements for surface roughness. Compared to ultra-high-pressure metal C- or O-rings, its cost is over 90% lower. It has successfully achieved ultra-high-pressure radial static sealing of carbon dioxide at 260°C and 250 MPa. Traditional metal seals have extremely high requirements for machining surface precision, and usually the surface roughness is required to reach 0.8. This combined sealing ring can provide a better sealing effect when the roughness reaches 3.2. Its basic principle is: the metal sealing ring 7-1 plays the main sealing role under ultra-high pressure, while the non-metallic sealing ring 7-2 plays the main sealing role in the low-pressure section of the pressure increase process. Under ultra-high pressure and high temperature, the non-metallic sealing ring 7-2 undergoes plastic flow, blocking the tiny leakage channel between the metal sealing ring 7-1 and the metal sealing surface caused by roughness, thereby achieving ultra-high pressure and high temperature sealing at a low cost.

[0074] In order to reduce the impact of changes in the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container 20 due to changes in ambient temperature, a safety protective cover 10 is provided on the outside of the high-pressure container 20, an insulation layer 30 is provided between the high-pressure container 20 and the safety protective cover 10, and a ceramic insulation layer 40 is provided on the inner wall of the high-pressure container 20, thereby reducing the heat exchange loss between the inside and outside of the high-pressure container 20 and ensuring the stability of the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container 20.

[0075] In one example, the insulation layer 30 is filled with aluminum silicate, a material with low thermal conductivity. The insulation layer 30 is wrapped around the outer wall of the high-pressure container 20 to reduce heat loss in the high-pressure container 20 .

[0076] The electric heating elements 50 are arranged in groups, with three in each group, and combined with a feedback control module to achieve on-demand energy replenishment during the process of CO2 release and work.

[0077] In one example, a safety valve hole 26 and an exhaust valve hole 27 are further provided on the side wall of the high-pressure container 20 , and the exhaust valve hole 27 is connected to an exhaust valve.

[0078] See Figure 7 The present application also provides an energy release method for an electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator, which is applied to the above-mentioned electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator, and the method comprises:

[0079] Initialize the initial parameters in the high-pressure container 20 according to the set target values, wherein the initial parameters include the release pressure threshold of the filled CO2 and the mass of the CO2;

[0080] Injecting liquid carbon dioxide into the container through the injection valve 212-1 based on the initial parameters;

[0081] Calculate the heating efficiency of the electric heating element 50 based on the initial state parameters of CO2, and establish an empirical correlation formula for the heating efficiency to obtain the total power of the electric heating element 50;

[0082] A target power supply is determined based on the total power, and the target power supply is turned on. The electric heating element 50 utilizes the heat energy and radiation energy generated by the Joule effect of the current flowing through the conductor to electrically heat the carbon dioxide. Under a constant volume state, the internal energy and pressure of the carbon dioxide continue to increase. During this process, if the temperature measured by the temperature probe embedded in the electric heating tube reaches a set temperature threshold, the control system 60 automatically adjusts the electric heating current value, and the heating value of the electric heating tube decreases.

[0083] When the working time is lower than the set time threshold, when the pressure in the high-pressure container 20 exceeds the set pressure threshold, the control system 60 controls the pressure release device to open, and the supercritical carbon dioxide is discharged and begins to expand and do work;

[0084] When the working time exceeds the set time threshold, when the pressure in the high-pressure container 20 exceeds the set pressure threshold, the monitoring component obtains the pressure and temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container 20 and the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container 20 during the liquid-to-gas phase change process. The adjustment feedback control module generates an adjustment feedback signal based on the pressure, temperature and pressure increase rate and sends it to the control system 60. The control system 60 adjusts the power of the electric heating element 50 according to the adjustment feedback signal to ensure that the pressure increase rate of the high-pressure container 20 is at a preset pressure increase rate level.

[0085] Specifically, when the working time is lower than the first set time threshold, it can refer to the scenario where the supercritical CO2 working process is extremely short for TS (high-acceleration ejection of loads of different mass scales), usually a few milliseconds to tens of milliseconds. When the working time exceeds the second set time threshold, the supercritical CO2 working process is relatively long for QS (rapid assisted erection of large inertia rotating loads), such as seconds to tens of seconds. This is only an example and is not limited.

[0086] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0087] Parameter settings are optimized based on the actual work effect, CO2 pressure increase rate during constant volume heating, electric heating power and heating time.

[0088] In this example, when releasing energy, there are generally two types according to the needs of different usage scenarios: one is to use a pneumatic ball valve or solenoid valve, and the valve response time is generally between tens of milliseconds and seconds; the second type uses a diaphragm or shear ring, and the response time is generally in milliseconds.

[0089] Below, taking the energy release of the above-mentioned electronically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator in different scenarios as an example, the calculation of the energy release process is illustrated as follows:

[0090] QS implementation example of fast auxiliary erection of large inertia rotating load:

[0091] Based on the electronically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator as the power source, a large inertia rotating load QS prototype with a set tonnage was built. In addition, based on the existing large inertia rotating load QS prototype, combined with a large number of numerical simulations, the matching between the target value (mainly thrust) and variables of the large inertia rotating load QS system of two different tonnage levels was studied, and the maximum thrust F of the auxiliary cylinder was obtained by fitting. f With CO2 filling density (400~750kg / m 3 ), CO2 release temperature (325K~385K), valve diameter (60mm~120mm), valve full opening time (0.2s~0.8s) and high pressure chamber volume (9L~20L);

[0092] When the erection load is 45t:

[0093]

[0094] When the erection load is 36.5t:

[0095]

[0096] In the above formula, ρ, ρ c ,T,Tc , d, t and V represent CO2 filling density, CO2 critical density (467.6kg / m 3 ), CO2 temperature before work, CO2 critical temperature (304.1282K), valve diameter, valve full opening time and high pressure chamber volume.

[0097] In addition, the CO2 heat absorption efficiency under infrared heating conditions was also found to vary with filling density (100-900kg / m 3 ) (Since the infrared heating tube has a very low heat capacity, the influence of its own heat capacity can be basically ignored)

[0098] η=21.3137+0.07065*ρ-2.23326*ρ*ρ;

[0099] High-acceleration TS ejection examples for loads of varying mass sizes: A TS experimental and simulation system was constructed based on an electronically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator. Furthermore, extensive experimental and simulation results indicate that the efficiency of resistive heating elements is generally between 20% and 40%. For high-acceleration TS systems, the target value is primarily the overload plateau time t (the duration of overload above 30% of the maximum overload). For loads between 30 and 60 kg, the relationship between the overload plateau time t is as follows:

[0100]

[0101] In the above formula, ρ, ρ c ,T,T c , d, t, m, P, Pc and V represent CO2 filling density, CO2 critical density (467.6kg / m 3 ), CO2 temperature before work, CO2 critical temperature (304.1282K), launch aperture, high-pressure chamber volume, payload mass, CO2 pressure before work and CO2 critical pressure (7.3773MPa).

[0102] The energy release method of the above-mentioned electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator can realize the various embodiments of the above-mentioned electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator and can achieve the same beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0103] The above describes in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concepts of the present invention without inventive effort. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be derived by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation based on the concepts of the present invention and the prior art should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator, characterized in that: include: A high-pressure container, a pressure relief device, an electric heating element disposed in the high-pressure container, and a control system connected to the electric heating element; The high-pressure container is used to store carbon dioxide in different phases and is also used as a high-pressure container for carbon dioxide energy storage, pressure building, and liquid-gas phase change; The electric heating element is used to convert electrical energy into thermal energy to heat the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container; The control system is configured to determine initial parameters within the high-pressure vessel according to set target values, perform liquid injection based on the initial parameters, calculate the heating efficiency of the electric heating element, and determine a target power supply based on the heating efficiency; after the target power supply is turned on, when the internal energy and pressure of the carbon dioxide reach set thresholds, control the opening of the pressure relief device; and adjust the power of the electric heating element so that the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure vessel is at a preset pressure increase rate level; Also included is a monitoring component disposed in the high-pressure container, the monitoring component being used to obtain the pressure and temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container and the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container during the liquid-to-gas phase transition process; The system further includes a regulating feedback control module, wherein an input end of the regulating feedback control module is connected to the monitoring component, and an output end of the regulating feedback control module is connected to the control system. The regulating feedback control module is configured to receive the pressure, temperature, and pressure increase rate in the high-pressure container during the liquid-gas phase change process measured by the monitoring component, and convert the received data into a regulating feedback signal and transmit it to the control system. The control system is used to adjust the electric heating parameters of the electric heating element according to the adjustment feedback signal, and the electric heating parameters include electric heating power and electric heating time.

2. The electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first flange cover is provided at one end of the high-pressure container, and a second flange cover is provided at the other end of the high-pressure container. A first polytetrafluoroethylene sealing ring is provided between the high-pressure container and the first flange cover; an injection valve and a terminal are provided on the second flange cover, and liquid carbon dioxide is injected into the high-pressure container through the injection valve; one end of the terminal is connected to the control system, and the other end of the terminal is connected to the electric heating element; the terminal is fixed to the second flange cover by an insulating gasket or ceramic sintering.

3. The electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the temperature threshold of the heated CO2 medium does not exceed 200°C, the terminal includes a convex stud, an external hexagonal screw and an insulating rubber sleeve, the insulating rubber sleeve is adapted to the convex stud, and the end of the convex stud is fixed to the second flange cover through an insulating gasket; when the temperature threshold of the heated CO2 medium exceeds 200°C and the pressure is higher than the set value, the terminal is insulated and sealed by ceramic sintering.

4. The electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase change gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure container is an integrated high-pressure container, and a liquid injection hole and an electric heating element installation hole are respectively opened on the top surface of the integrated high-pressure container.

5. The electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating method of the electric heating element includes infrared heating; The electric heating element includes an infrared heating tube and a clamping fixing plate. At least one infrared heating tube is provided. There are at least two clamping fixing plates, which are arranged along the axial direction of the high-pressure container. A heating tube fixing hole is provided on the clamping fixing plate. The infrared heating tube is fixed in the high-pressure container along the axial direction of the high-pressure container through the heating tube fixing hole.

6. The electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating method of the electric heating element includes resistive heating; The electric heating element includes a resistive heating tube group, in which a plurality of resistive heating tubes are arranged. All of the resistive heating tubes are built into the high-pressure container, or the ends of the resistive heating tubes are provided with threads or sealing rings fixedly connected to the first flange cover plate; when the ends of the resistive heating tubes are provided with threads, raw tape is used for sealing; when the ends of the resistive heating tubes are provided with sealing rings, combined gaskets or metal sealing rings are used for sealing.

7. The electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The resistive heating tube includes a metal shell and a sealing ring. The sealing ring is integrally formed with the metal shell, and a second sealing groove is provided on the sealing ring. A combined sealing ring is provided in the second sealing groove, wherein the sealing ring close to the metal shell side is a metal sealing ring, and the sealing ring close to the outside of the sealing ring is a non-metallic sealing ring.

8. The electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The resistive heating tube is equipped with a temperature measuring probe connected to the control system. The temperature measuring probe is used to monitor the internal temperature value of the resistive heating tube and send the internal temperature value to the control system. The control system determines whether the temperature value exceeds the set temperature threshold. If the temperature exceeds the set temperature threshold, the current is regulated to reduce the heat generated by the resistive heating tube.

9. An energy release method for an electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator, applied to the electrically controlled carbon dioxide phase-change gas generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises: Initialize the initial parameters in the high-pressure container according to the set target values, wherein the initial parameters include the release pressure threshold of the filled CO2 and the mass of the CO2; Injecting liquid carbon dioxide into the container through the injection valve based on the initial parameters; The heating efficiency of the electric heating element is calculated based on the initial state parameters of CO2, and an empirical correlation formula for the heating efficiency is established to obtain the total power of the electric heating element; A target power supply is determined based on the total power, and the target power supply is turned on. The electric heating element utilizes the heat energy and radiation energy generated by the Joule effect of the current flowing through the conductor to electrically heat the carbon dioxide. Under a constant volume state, the internal energy and pressure of the carbon dioxide continue to increase. During this process, when the temperature measured by the temperature probe embedded in the electric heating tube reaches the set temperature threshold, the control system automatically adjusts the electric heating current value, and the heating value of the electric heating tube decreases. When the working time is lower than the first set time threshold, when the pressure in the high-pressure container exceeds the set pressure threshold, the control system controls the pressure relief device to open, and the supercritical carbon dioxide is discharged and begins to expand and do work; In the case where the working time exceeds the second set time threshold, when the pressure in the high-pressure vessel exceeds the set pressure threshold, the monitoring component obtains the pressure and temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure vessel, and the pressure increase rate in the high-pressure vessel during the liquid-to-gas phase change process. The adjustment feedback control module generates an adjustment feedback signal based on the pressure, temperature, and pressure increase rate and sends it to the control system. The control system adjusts the power of the electric heating element according to the adjustment feedback signal to ensure that the pressure increase rate of the high-pressure vessel is at a preset pressure increase rate level. The second set time threshold is greater than the first set time threshold.

10. The energy release method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Parameter settings are optimized based on the actual work effect, CO2 pressure increase rate during constant volume heating, electric heating power and heating time.

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