Mountainous area suitable for mechanization construction layout optimization system and method based on unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping

Abstract

The application discloses a mountainous area mechanization construction layout optimization system and method based on unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping, wherein the system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping module, a data processing module, a terrain analysis module and a construction layout optimization module; the unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping module is used for obtaining mountainous area data; the data processing module is used for generating a digital elevation model based on the mountainous area data; the terrain analysis module is used for extracting parameter information based on the digital elevation model; and the construction layout optimization module is used for performing layout optimization based on the parameter information. The application can quickly and efficiently perform the optimization design of the mountainous area construction layout by using the efficient surveying and mapping capacity of the unmanned aerial vehicle, combining the data processing, terrain analysis and layout optimization technologies, and improving the scientificity and rationality of the construction planning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveying and mapping technology, and specifically to a system and method for optimizing the layout of mountainous areas suitable for UAV surveying and mapping. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of science and technology and social development, the development and utilization of mountainous areas has gradually gained attention. However, mountainous terrain is complex, and traditional surveying methods have many limitations, making it difficult to efficiently and accurately acquire topographic information, thus hindering the optimal design of mountain construction layouts. The development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has provided a new solution for mountain surveying, possessing advantages such as high efficiency, flexibility, and high precision, enabling the rapid acquisition of large-scale, high-precision mountain data. However, current technology lacks a system capable of optimizing the layout of mountainous construction based on UAV surveying data. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a system and method for optimizing the layout of mechanized construction in mountainous areas based on UAV mapping, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a mountainous terrain mechanization-friendly construction layout optimization system based on UAV mapping, comprising: a UAV mapping module, a data processing module, a terrain analysis module, and a construction layout optimization module;

[0005] The UAV mapping module is used to acquire mountain data;

[0006] The data processing module is used to generate a digital elevation model based on the mountain data;

[0007] The terrain analysis module is used to extract parameter information based on the digital elevation model;

[0008] The construction layout optimization module is used to optimize the layout based on the parameter information.

[0009] Preferably, the UAV mapping module includes a UAV equipped with a high-definition camera, used for mapping in mountainous areas to acquire high-precision mountain data.

[0010] Preferably, the data processing module includes: a preprocessing unit and a generation unit;

[0011] The preprocessing unit is used to preprocess the mountain data to obtain processed data;

[0012] The generation unit is used to generate the digital elevation model based on the processed data.

[0013] Preferably, the workflow of the generation unit includes: generating an initial DEM, optimizing the initial DEM, the optimization process including: removing outliers and outliers, smoothing and repairing missing data; and finally outputting the generated DEM as a raster dataset.

[0014] Preferably, the workflow of the construction layout optimization module includes: optimizing the construction layout based on the specific needs of mountain construction and the parameter information; and generating an optimized layout scheme by comprehensively considering constraints, including geological conditions, environmental protection requirements, and transportation convenience.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a visualization module, which is used to display the optimized construction layout scheme in three dimensions. Designers can view the layout effect, discover potential problems, and evaluate the scheme.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a feedback adjustment module, which allows designers to adjust the layout scheme based on the visualization module's display and feedback from actual needs.

[0017] This invention also provides a method for optimizing the layout of mechanization-friendly construction in mountainous areas based on UAV mapping. The method is applied to the above-mentioned system, and the steps include:

[0018] Using drones for surveying and mapping to obtain mountain data;

[0019] Based on the mountain data, a digital elevation model is generated;

[0020] Based on the digital elevation model, extract parameter information;

[0021] Based on the parameter information, layout optimization is performed.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] This invention utilizes the efficient surveying capabilities of UAVs, combined with data processing, terrain analysis, and layout optimization technologies, to quickly and efficiently optimize the design of mountain construction layouts, thereby improving the scientific rigor and rationality of construction planning. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optimized layout result of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figure 1 The diagram shows the system structure of the present invention, including: an UAV mapping module, a data processing module, a terrain analysis module, and a construction layout optimization module. The UAV mapping module is used to acquire mountain data; the data processing module is used to generate a digital elevation model (DEM) based on the mountain data; the terrain analysis module is used to extract parameter information based on the DEM; and the construction layout optimization module is used to optimize the layout based on the parameter information. The data processing module includes a preprocessing unit and a generation unit. The preprocessing unit preprocesses the mountain data to obtain processed data; and the generation unit generates a DEM based on the processed data.

[0031] The following will describe in detail, with reference to this embodiment, how this application solves the technical problems in practical work.

[0032] First, drones equipped with high-definition cameras are used to conduct surveying in mountainous areas to obtain high-precision mountain data.

[0033] The data processing module then receives and processes the mountain data from the UAV mapping module, generating a digital elevation model (DEM) and orthophoto maps; these data form the basis for subsequent terrain analysis and layout optimization. The specific process includes: preprocessing the received mountain data using a preprocessing unit, including data correction, noise reduction, and formatting, to ensure data accuracy and usability.

[0034] The data calibration process includes: acquiring real-time position and attitude data of the UAV via GPS or an inertial navigation system (IMU). This data is compared and calibrated against a preset flight path to ensure the accuracy of position and heading information during the mapping process. Next, sensor calibration (in this embodiment, a high-definition camera) is performed, correcting parameters such as angle, focal length, and distortion of the onboard high-definition camera to ensure that the data acquired by the sensor has good geometric and optical characteristics.

[0035] After calibration, data denoising is performed, including signal filtering and outlier detection and removal.

[0036] Signal filtering: The raw data undergoes signal processing and filtering to remove noise and interference caused by wind, vibration, or other environmental factors. This step can be achieved using digital filters or statistical methods to ensure the clarity and accuracy of the mapping data.

[0037] Anomaly detection and removal: Identifying and removing outliers or obvious errors in mapping data, such as data anomalies caused by sensor malfunctions or adverse environmental conditions. This removal can be achieved through comparative analysis, threshold setting, or specialized algorithms.

[0038] Finally, according to the requirements of the generation unit, the raw data is converted into a standard format suitable for processing and analysis. This includes converting the data into point cloud format, raster format, or other specific data structures so that the subsequent terrain analysis module can effectively use and parse this data. After the data format is completed, coordinate systems and units are unified to ensure that the data uses the same geographic coordinate system and consistent units; this avoids errors caused by coordinate transformation or unit conversion during data processing and analysis.

[0039] Through the aforementioned data correction, denoising, and formatting processes, the data processing module effectively optimizes the raw mountain data acquired from UAVs, laying a solid foundation for generating high-quality digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophoto maps. These processing steps not only improve the accuracy and reliability of the data but also enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of subsequent terrain analysis and construction layout optimization.

[0040] After data processing is complete, the generation unit generates a digital elevation model (DEM) based on the processed data. Specifically, Geographic Information System (GIS) software is used to convert the processed data into a DEM. A DEM is a mathematical model that describes changes in surface elevation. By analyzing point cloud data or imagery data acquired by UAVs, the elevation information of the terrain can be accurately reconstructed. Similarly, using GIS software, a high-precision orthophoto map is generated based on the processed data. Orthophoto maps are image data that has undergone correction and projection processing, possessing high geospatial reference value and suitable for visual presentation in terrain analysis and construction planning.

[0041] The process of generating a DEM includes:

[0042] First, the processed data is imported into Geographic Information System (GIS) software. This data typically exists in the form of point clouds or raster data, including ground elevation information and possible land cover classification information. Next, this image data is registered with the ground elevation data to ensure an accurate geospatial correspondence between the image and elevation data. Interpolation methods are then used to convert discrete measurement points into a continuous DEM. In this implementation, Kriging interpolation is used, based on the spatial correlation of sample points. Depending on the specific circumstances, triangulation interpolation and inverse distance weighted interpolation can also be selected.

[0043] After generating the initial DEM, optimization processing is required to further improve the model's quality and accuracy. This includes: removing outliers and anomalies by identifying and removing isolated elevation points or outliers in the DEM to ensure smoothness and realism; smoothing by applying smoothing filters to reduce noise in the data while maintaining the integrity of terrain features; and repairing missing data by filling in holes caused by missing or occluded data to fully cover the entire area.

[0044] The generated DEM is ultimately output as a raster dataset, typically saved in GeoTIFF format. This format supports GIS standards and can be seamlessly integrated and exchanged with other GIS software or specialized tools. Rigorous quality control and validation are required during the generation of the DEM and orthophoto maps. This includes verifying the accuracy and completeness of the mountain data to ensure that the generated results meet the needs of subsequent terrain analysis and construction layout optimization.

[0045] After the DEM and orthophoto maps are generated, the terrain analysis module is used to extract parameter information, including key information such as the slope, aspect, and terrain distribution of the mountains, to provide a scientific basis for construction layout.

[0046] Finally, the construction layout optimization module optimizes the construction layout based on the specific needs of mountainous construction (such as residential areas, roads, and water resources) and the results of terrain analysis (parameter information). This module comprehensively considers various constraints, such as geological conditions, environmental protection requirements, and transportation convenience, to generate an optimized layout scheme.

[0047] Specifically, first, the specific needs for mountainous development must be clearly defined, such as residential areas, road networks, and water resource distribution. Different needs will have different impacts and requirements on the layout plan. Then, data extracted using the terrain analysis module, including information on slope, aspect, and topographic relief, provides a scientific basis for the layout design. Finally, constraints such as geological conditions, environmental protection requirements, and terrain features must be comprehensively considered. For example, special foundation engineering measures may be necessary on steep terrain, or building density may be restricted in environmentally sensitive areas.

[0048] Develop construction layout optimization strategies based on needs and constraints. For example, in road planning, design a reasonable road network according to terrain slope and aspect to ensure smooth and safe traffic. In water resource distribution, determine water collection, storage, and distribution strategies based on terrain elevation and slope to ensure effective utilization and management of water resources. Combining the above analysis and strategies, use the construction layout optimization module to generate layout schemes. These schemes will maximize the use of existing terrain features and minimize environmental impact.

[0049] In this embodiment, a visualization module and a feedback adjustment module are also provided.

[0050] The visualization module displays the optimized construction layout in 3D, allowing designers to intuitively view the layout's effectiveness, identify potential problems, and evaluate the plan. The feedback and adjustment module, through visualization and feedback based on actual needs, enables designers to adjust the layout. The system provides a user-friendly interface, supporting multiple adjustments and optimizations to ultimately generate the optimal mountain construction layout.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This invention also provides a method for optimizing the layout of mechanization-friendly construction in mountainous areas based on UAV mapping, the steps of which include:

[0053] S1. Use drones for surveying and mapping to obtain mountain data.

[0054] Drones equipped with high-definition cameras are used to conduct surveys in mountainous areas to obtain high-precision mountain data.

[0055] S2. Generate a digital elevation model based on mountain data.

[0056] The system receives and processes mountainous data from UAV mapping, generating digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophoto maps; these data form the basis for subsequent terrain analysis and layout optimization. The specific process includes preprocessing the received mountainous data, including data correction, noise reduction, and formatting, to ensure data accuracy and usability.

[0057] The data calibration process includes: acquiring real-time position and attitude data of the UAV via GPS or an inertial navigation system (IMU). This data is compared and calibrated against a preset flight path to ensure the accuracy of position and heading information during the mapping process. Next, sensor calibration (in this embodiment, a high-definition camera) is performed, correcting parameters such as angle, focal length, and distortion of the onboard high-definition camera to ensure that the data acquired by the sensor has good geometric and optical characteristics.

[0058] After calibration, data denoising is performed, including signal filtering and outlier detection and removal.

[0059] Signal filtering: The raw data undergoes signal processing and filtering to remove noise and interference caused by wind, vibration, or other environmental factors. This step can be achieved using digital filters or statistical methods to ensure the clarity and accuracy of the mapping data.

[0060] Anomaly detection and removal: Identifying and removing outliers or obvious errors in mapping data, such as data anomalies caused by sensor malfunctions or adverse environmental conditions. This removal can be achieved through comparative analysis, threshold setting, or specialized algorithms.

[0061] Finally, based on the requirements of subsequent processing, the raw data is converted into a standard format suitable for processing and analysis. This includes converting the data into point cloud format, raster format, or other specific data structures so that the data can be effectively used and parsed later. After the data format is completed, the coordinate system and units are standardized to ensure that the data uses the same geographic coordinate system and consistent units; this avoids errors caused by coordinate transformation or unit conversion during data processing and analysis.

[0062] The aforementioned data correction, denoising, and formatting processes effectively optimize raw mountain data acquired from UAVs, laying a solid foundation for generating high-quality digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophoto maps. These processing steps not only improve the accuracy and reliability of the data but also enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of subsequent terrain analysis and construction layout optimization.

[0063] After data processing is complete, a digital elevation model (DEM) is generated based on the processed data. Specifically, Geographic Information System (GIS) software is used to convert the processed data into a DEM. A DEM is a mathematical model that describes changes in land elevation. By analyzing point cloud data or imagery data acquired by drones, the elevation information of the terrain can be accurately reconstructed. Also using GIS software, a high-precision orthophoto map is generated based on the processed data. Orthophoto maps are image data that has undergone correction and projection processing, possessing high geospatial reference value and suitable for visual presentation in terrain analysis and construction planning.

[0064] The process of generating a DEM includes:

[0065] First, the processed data is imported into Geographic Information System (GIS) software. This data typically exists in the form of point clouds or raster data, including ground elevation information and possible land cover classification information. Next, this image data is registered with the ground elevation data to ensure an accurate geospatial correspondence between the image and elevation data. Interpolation methods are then used to convert discrete measurement points into a continuous DEM. In this implementation, Kriging interpolation is used, based on the spatial correlation of sample points. Depending on the specific circumstances, triangulation interpolation and inverse distance weighted interpolation can also be selected.

[0066] After generating the initial DEM, optimization processing is required to further improve the model's quality and accuracy. This includes: removing outliers and anomalies by identifying and removing isolated elevation points or outliers in the DEM to ensure smoothness and realism; smoothing by applying smoothing filters to reduce noise in the data while maintaining the integrity of terrain features; and repairing missing data by filling in holes caused by missing or occluded data to fully cover the entire area.

[0067] The generated DEM is ultimately output as a raster dataset, typically saved in GeoTIFF format. This format supports GIS standards and can be seamlessly integrated and exchanged with other GIS software or specialized tools. Rigorous quality control and validation are required during the generation of the DEM and orthophoto maps. This includes verifying the accuracy and completeness of the mountain data to ensure that the generated results meet the needs of subsequent terrain analysis and construction layout optimization.

[0068] S3. Extract parameter information based on the digital elevation model.

[0069] After the DEM and orthophoto maps are generated, parameter information is extracted, including key information such as the slope, aspect, and topographic distribution of the mountains, to provide a scientific basis for construction layout.

[0070] S4. Optimize the layout based on parameter information.

[0071] Finally, based on the specific needs of mountainous construction (such as residential areas, roads, and water resources), and combined with the results of terrain analysis (parameter information), an optimized design for the construction layout is carried out. Taking into account various constraints, such as geological conditions, environmental protection requirements, and transportation convenience, an optimized layout scheme is generated.

[0072] Specifically, first, the specific needs for mountainous development must be clearly defined, such as residential areas, road networks, and water resource distribution. Different needs will have different impacts and requirements on the layout plan. Then, extracted data, including slope, aspect, and topographic relief, is used to provide a scientific basis for the layout design. Constraints such as geological conditions, environmental protection requirements, and topographic features must be comprehensively considered. For example, special foundation engineering measures may be needed on steep terrain, or building density may be restricted in environmentally sensitive areas.

[0073] Develop construction layout optimization strategies based on needs and constraints. For example, in road planning, design a reasonable road network according to the terrain slope and aspect to ensure smooth and safe traffic. In water resource distribution, determine water collection, storage, and distribution strategies based on terrain elevation and slope to ensure effective utilization and management of water resources. Combining the above analysis and strategies, generate layout schemes. These schemes will maximize the use of existing terrain features and minimize environmental impact.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] This embodiment uses the aforementioned UAV-based mountainous mechanization-friendly construction layout optimization system to conduct mountainous mechanization-friendly construction layout, as shown in the following figure. Figure 2 As shown. Specifically:

[0076] 1. Mechanization-friendly technical model: Single-row planting on the outer side, with the planting point placed 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 of the way from the outer edge of the horizontal strip or 60cm to 80cm from the outer edge. The horizontal strip is 2.5-3.5 meters wide, suitable for mechanized planting.

[0077] 2. Site Selection and Block Planning: The elevation, slope aspect, soil, and other suitable conditions of the site shall comply with the requirements of DB 33 / T340 for planting environments. The slope of the hillside should preferably be below 30°; the site shall be divided into several operating blocks according to the terrain, road network, and other facilities, with each block having an area of ​​1 hm2 to 2 hm2.

[0078] 3. Access Road Planning: Access roads should cover the entire site, consisting of main roads, branch roads, and work roads, with minimum lengths of 200m, 400m, and 2000m per hectare respectively. The surface of main and branch roads should slope from the outside to the inside, with the outer edge 3cm-5cm higher after paving to guide rainwater into drainage ditches and connect to sedimentation tanks and water storage tanks. Paved connecting slopes are recommended to ensure seamless connectivity between access roads and horizontal zones. Drainage ditches should be traversed using concealed pipes or covered slabs to facilitate unobstructed operation of machinery. Torreya grandis trees are planned to be planted along the outer side of the main roads.

[0079] Main road: 3.5m or wider, running vertically through the entire park according to the terrain and accommodating mechanical vehicle traffic, with passing lanes provided at appropriate locations. Drainage ditches should be excavated on the inner side, with buried pipes (≥50cm inner diameter) for drainage in areas prone to water accumulation. It should comply with the relevant provisions of T / YNRZ014;

[0080] Branch roads: 1.5m to 2.5m wide, connecting the main road and the horizontal strip according to the needs of mechanized farming and material transportation;

[0081] Work path: A wide trench is dug down on the inner side of the horizontal zone to construct a work path, with a width of 80cm to 100cm and a depth of 30cm to 40cm, which also serves as a drainage ditch;

[0082] 4. Hydropower Planning: Rationally configure irrigation networks and water storage tanks, lay out communication networks, and install power lines or solar power systems. Meet the requirements for power system installation and operation, ensuring power quality and safety.

[0083] Mountain-blocking ditch: A mountain-blocking ditch is constructed and hardened in areas where water flow is concentrated and prone to erosion and landslides, and is connected to the drainage ditch.

[0084] Water collection channel: At the confluence of water in mountain valleys and other places, a water collection channel is built, which runs vertically from top to bottom through the horizontal zone and is hardened, and is connected to sedimentation ponds and water storage ponds.

[0085] Reservoir: Construct a reservoir at a location conducive to water collection, with a total water storage capacity of 10 cubic meters per hectare. 3 The above. A reinforced concrete structure equipped with a sedimentation tank, drainage pipes, and overflow outlet. Alternatively, a 3m³ volume per hectare may be provided. 3 It has at least three rainwater collection tanks. It must have leak-proof design and safety protection facilities.

[0086] Sprinkler irrigation: Underground pipelines for sprinkler irrigation with a depth of ≥20cm are buried outside the horizontal zone, with a fixed riser on the outermost side. When the pipeline passes through a passageway, the burial depth is ≥30cm. Self-pressurized pipeline sprinkler irrigation and fertilization systems can be configured in elevated water tanks, and should comply with the requirements of DB50 / T881 sprinkler irrigation systems.

[0087] Power facilities: High-voltage and low-voltage electrical facilities should be rationally configured to meet the installation and operation requirements of the power system. Relevant requirements should comply with the regulations for farmland power transmission and distribution in GB / T 30600.

[0088] 5. Equipment and hangar configuration: Configure small and medium-sized machinery, micro machinery, and other intelligent machinery and equipment suitable for mountain operation according to requirements. Select a gentle slope with convenient transportation to construct equipment hangars, connect water, electricity, and communication networks, and store, maintain, and repair the operating machinery and equipment.

[0089] 6. Land preparation: In July and August, it is advisable to use machinery such as brush cutters, chainsaws, and excavators to clean up the orchard.

[0090] The original vegetation on the mountaintop was preserved, and the outer edge of the garden was densely planted with thorny shrubs, Michelia champaca, and other trees to create a protective forest.

[0091] Construction of horizontal strips: Horizontal strip construction should ideally be completed 3 months before planting. Excavate the horizontal strips along the mountainside using an excavator, and place the topsoil on the outer side of the strips. The horizontal strips should be 2.5m–3.5m wide, with the outer side 20cm–30cm higher than the inner side. The outer slope should be compacted using the excavator arm. Construct drainage channels at appropriate intervals along the horizontal strips to divert rainwater. In areas with a slope greater than 25°, maintain at least a 1-meter-wide slope between adjacent horizontal strips, covered with grass or slope-protecting vegetation. See Appendix B for a detailed diagram of the horizontal strip construction.

[0092] Drainage ditch construction: In conjunction with the construction of the work path, a wide ditch is dug inside the horizontal zone to form a drainage ditch. The excavated soil is piled up at the planting point outside the horizontal zone to form a tree basin.

[0093] Fertilizer and soil improvement for tree basins: Plant in single rows on the outer side, determining the planting points. At each planting point, use a small excavator to mix the topsoil from the horizontal zone, the soil from the inner trench, and 25 kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, compacting them to form a hemispherical soil mound 30-40 cm high and 70-80 cm in diameter. Plant after the soil has settled. The planting points in the upper and lower horizontal zones should be staggered.

[0094] 7. Planting: Planting is best done from early November to late February of the following year, before or after rain. For container seedling afforestation, the planting time can be appropriately relaxed. Plant in single rows on the outer edge. Before planting, prune the seedlings, removing tangled roots, broken roots, and excessive branches, preserving the main trunk framework. Treat the roots with rooting hormone and fungicide. Ensure the roots are horizontal, spread out, and not tangled, with the seedling upright and leaves facing the sun. After covering the roots with soil, compact it in layers, ensuring the bottom is firm and the top is loose. Cover the tree basin with weeds and geotextile to retain moisture.

[0095] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mountainous terrain mechanization construction layout optimization system based on unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping, characterized in that, The application relates to a mountainous area construction layout optimization method and system. The system comprises a UAV surveying and mapping module, a data processing module, a terrain analysis module and a construction layout optimization module. The UAV surveying and mapping module is used for acquiring mountainous area data; the UAV surveying and mapping module comprises a UAV carrying a high-definition camera, which is used for surveying and mapping in a mountainous area and acquiring high-precision mountainous area data. The data processing module is used for generating a digital elevation model based on the mountainous area data. The data processing module comprises a preprocessing unit and a generating unit; the preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the mountainous area data to obtain processed data; and the generating unit is used for generating the digital elevation model based on the processed data; the working process of the generating unit comprises generating an initial DEM, and performing optimization processing on the initial DEM, wherein the optimization processing comprises removing isolated points and outliers, smoothing processing and repairing missing data; finally, the generated DEM is output as a raster data set; and the terrain analysis module is used for extracting parameter information based on the digital elevation model. The construction layout optimization module is used for layout optimization based on the parameter information; the working process of the construction layout optimization module comprises optimizing design of the construction layout according to specific requirements of mountainous area construction and in combination with the parameter information; and an optimized layout scheme is generated by comprehensively considering constraint conditions, wherein the constraint conditions comprise geological conditions, environmental protection requirements and traffic convenience; firstly, specific requirements of mountainous area construction are determined, including residential areas, road networks and water resource distribution; then, extracted data, including slope, slope direction and terrain undulation information, are utilized; geological conditions, environmental protection requirements and terrain feature constraint conditions are comprehensively considered; construction layout optimization strategies are formulated according to the requirements and constraint conditions, including road planning, reasonable road network design according to terrain slope and slope direction to ensure smooth and safe traffic, and water resource collection, storage and distribution strategies according to terrain height and slope to ensure effective utilization and management of water resources; and a layout scheme is generated in combination with the above analysis and strategies. The layout scheme is as follows: The technical mode of machine-friendly planting is as follows: single-row planting is performed on the outer side, and planting points are arranged at 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the outer side of the horizontal belt or 60-80 cm away from the outer edge, and the horizontal belt is 2.5-3.5 m wide. Garden site selection and block planning: the elevation and slope direction of the garden site should meet the requirements of DB 33 / T 340 planting environment; the slope of the mountain field should be less than 30°; the garden site should be divided into several operating blocks according to the topography, road network and other facilities, and the area of each block should be 1 hm 2 ~2 hm 2 ​ The channel planning is as follows: the channel covers the whole base and is divided into a main road, branch roads and operation roads, and each hectare is provided with not less than 200 m, 400 m and 2000 m of the main road, the branch roads and the operation roads respectively; the main road and the branch roads are high on the outer side and low on the inner side, and are hardened to be 3-5 cm higher on the outer side, and rainwater is guided into a drainage ditch and is connected with a sand sink and a water storage tank; the channel and the horizontal belt are connected through hardening connection slopes; the drainage ditch is crossed by a buried pipe or a cover plate to facilitate barrier-free operation of operation machinery; and Chinese torreya is planted on the outer side of the main road. The main road is 3.5 m or above in width, penetrates the whole base according to the terrain and is adapted to the traffic of machinery and vehicles, and a meeting place is arranged at a proper position; a drainage ditch is dug on the inner side to easily collect water, and a buried pipe with an inner diameter of not less than 50 cm is arranged to guide the water; and the main road should meet the relevant requirements of T / YNRZ014. Branch: width 1.5 m ~2.5 m, according to the needs of the machine operation and transportation of goods, connected with the main road and horizontal belt; Operation path: horizontal belt inside the excavated wide ditch to build operation path, width 80 cm ~100 cm, depth 30 cm ~40 cm, also as drainage ditch; Water and electricity planning: reasonable allocation of irrigation pipe network and water storage pool, layout of communication network, erection of power supply line or solar power generation system; meet the installation and operation requirements of power system, ensure the quality and safety of electricity; Block the gully: build the block the gully and harden in the place where the water flow is concentrated and easy to wash out, and connect with the drainage ditch; Collecting channel: build collecting channel at the place where the water is collected, from top to bottom and vertical through the horizontal belt and harden, connect with sand trap and water storage pool; Water storage pool: build water storage pool at the place where the water is collected, more than 10 m³ per hectare; reinforced concrete structure with sand trap, drainage pipeline and overflow outlet; or more than 3 m³ per hectare with rainwater barrel; with leakage prevention treatment and safety protection facilities; Sprinkling irrigation: underground pipeline of sprinkling irrigation with buried depth ≥20 cm outside the horizontal belt, the outermost fixed vertical pipe; pipeline through the passage with buried depth ≥30 cm; high water pool with self pressure type pipeline sprinkling irrigation and fertilization system, should meet the requirements of DB50 / T881 sprinkling irrigation system; Electricity facilities: reasonable allocation of strong and weak electricity facilities, meet the installation and operation requirements of power system; related requirements meet the requirements of farmland power transmission and distribution in GB / T 30600; Equipment and machine shed configuration: according to the needs, configure small and medium-sized machinery, micro machinery and other intelligent mechanical equipment suitable for mountain operation; choose the equipment machine shed with convenient traffic and gentle slope to connect water and electricity and communication network, store and maintain the operation machinery and equipment; Land preparation: in July ~ August, it is suitable to choose brush cutter, chainsaw and excavator to implement garden cleaning; Mountain top: retain the original vegetation, densely plant wild jujube and schima kanchinensis outside the garden, and build protective forest; Horizontal belt construction: horizontal belt construction should be completed 3 months before planting; excavate horizontal belt along the horizontal direction of mountain with excavator, shovel the topsoil and place it outside the horizontal belt; horizontal belt width 2.5 m ~ 3.5 m, outer side 20 cm ~ 30 cm higher than inner side, outer side slope is compacted with excavator arm; build collecting channel at appropriate interval position of horizontal belt to guide rainwater; garden with slope greater than 25° should retain at least 1 meter wide slope between adjacent horizontal belts, covered with grass or slope protection plants; Drainage ditch construction: build drainage ditch by excavating wide ditch inside the horizontal belt; pile the excavated soil to the planting point outside the horizontal belt for building tree disc; Tree disc fertilization and soil improvement: single row planting outside, determine the planting point; mix and compact the horizontal belt topsoil, inner side excavated soil and 25 kg organic fertilizer bottom fertilizer at each planting point to form 30 cm ~ 40 cm high and 70 cm ~ 80 cm diameter semi spherical soil heap tree disc, and plant after settlement; up and down horizontal belt planting points should be staggered layout; Planting: it is appropriate to plant from early November to mid-February of next year, before and after the rain; the container seedling afforestation appropriately relaxes the planting time limit; single row planting on the outside; pruning, winding roots, broken roots and too many branches before planting, retaining the main skeleton; root system soaking rooting agent, fungicide treatment; root system is located on the horizontal band surface and is not twisted, the seedling is correct and the leaf surface is sunny; the root system is covered with soil, and the lower part is solid and the upper part is loose; the tree disc is covered with weeds, geotextile and moisture.

2. The UAV surveying-based mountainous terrain suitable for mechanization construction layout optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further comprises a visualization module for visualizing the optimized construction layout scheme in three dimensions, and designers can view the layout effect, find potential problems, and evaluate the scheme through the visualization module. 3.The UAV mapping-based mountainous area construction layout optimization system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method further comprises a feedback adjustment module, and designers can adjust the layout scheme through the feedback adjustment module based on the display of the visualization module and the feedback of actual needs.

4. A mountain mechanization construction layout optimization method based on unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping, the method being applied to the system of any one of claims 1-3, and steps comprising: acquiring mountain data by using unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping; generating a digital elevation model based on the mountain data; extracting parameter information based on the digital elevation model; performing layout optimization based on the parameter information.

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