Comprehensive ecological restoration method for river island based on vegetation configuration technology

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a river island based on a vegetation configuration technology. In order to solve the problems of ecological sensitivity, serious water and soil loss and difficult recovery of the Jiangcore island, the method comprises the following steps: step 1, surveying the environment and resource background of the Jiangcore island; 2, dividing an ecological restoration area; step 3, vegetation configuration and restoration; and 4, repairing engineering maintenance. The method is clear in principle and high in operability, the ecological restoration efficiency of the Jiangcore island can be effectively improved, the survival rate of tamarix chinensis can reach 85% or above when the method is applied to ecological restoration of the Jiangcore island, the survival rate of brassica chinensis and small-leaf david communities can reach 95% or above, the problems of single vegetation communities, water and soil loss and the like can be further solved, a good habitat can be created for the Jiangcore island, and the ecological restoration of the Jiangcore island is promoted. The invention provides a reference basis for ecological restoration and management of the Jiangxin island.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and specifically relates to a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a river island based on vegetation configuration technology. Background Art

[0002] Jiangxin Island is the product of the combined effects of silt transport and crustal movement in river systems. It is surrounded by water on all sides, forming an independent spatial environment. Jiangxin Island is also a complete ecosystem with well-preserved natural coastlines and landscapes, providing a good habitat for animals and plants and rich natural resources.

[0003] The relatively isolated land space of the river island leads to weak exchange of plant genetic information, relatively simple vegetation community and low biodiversity. The river island is also greatly affected by the flood season of the river and the movement of water and sand, with strong ecological sensitivity and poor habitat stability. In particular, the river island drawdown zone is affected by water level changes, and the soil is repeatedly flooded, washed and transported, with obvious soil erosion. Soil and water loss prevention and control has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0004] In recent years, the ecological restoration work of Jiangxin Island has gradually received attention, but the restoration model of single vegetation transplantation cannot meet the restoration needs of the spatial differentiation of Jiangxin Island, resulting in a low restoration survival rate. At the same time, some restoration work did not consider the functionality of the selected vegetation, and the restored vegetation could not achieve ecological goals such as preventing soil erosion.

[0005] Currently, there is little research on the comprehensive ecological restoration of Jiangxin Island. How to use vegetation configuration technology to carry out comprehensive ecological restoration of Jiangxin Island has become a problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems of ecological sensitivity, severe soil erosion and difficult restoration of the river island, and to provide a comprehensive ecological restoration method for the river island based on vegetation configuration technology.

[0007] The comprehensive ecological restoration method of Jiangxin Island based on vegetation configuration technology is as follows:

[0008] Step 1: Background survey of Jiangxin Island environment and resources: Conduct hydrological survey, soil survey, geomorphological characteristics survey and background plant resource survey in the target restoration area of ​​Jiangxin Island;

[0009] Step 2: Division of ecological restoration areas: Based on the hydrological survey in step 1, the background survey results in step 1 are analyzed to further divide the ecological restoration areas. Areas with obvious seasonal fluctuations between the highest and lowest monitored water levels are divided into drawdown zones, while areas with little or no changes in monitored water levels are divided into stable island areas.

[0010] Step 3: Vegetation configuration and restoration: Based on the results of the background plant resource survey, taking into account the environmental characteristics of the island and the ecological restoration goals, select and restore vegetation to build a near-localized, multifunctional vegetation community;

[0011] Step 4. Maintenance of restoration project: After the implementation of vegetation restoration project, regular monitoring and maintenance shall be carried out.

[0012] The hydrological survey method in step 1 is to conduct a water level survey along the river bank towards the center of the island, and to monitor and record the periodic water level fluctuations of the river over a long period of time;

[0013] The soil survey method is to collect the surface soil in the restoration area and measure the soil water content, soil bulk density, soil pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus;

[0014] The method for surveying geomorphic features is to use drones to obtain orthophotos of the restoration area;

[0015] The plant resource survey method is to use a combination of sample line and sample plot method. Sample lines are laid out along the river bank toward the center of the island. Five 1m×1m sample plots are laid out on each sample line. The dominant species are determined based on the sample plot survey results.

[0016] The principle of vegetation configuration and restoration in step 3 is that the restoration vegetation for the stable island has drought-resistant characteristics, can prevent soil erosion on the river island, and can also provide habitats for island organisms. Tamarix is ​​selected as the restoration vegetation for the stable island area; the restoration vegetation for the water-fluctuation zone has flood-resistant characteristics, and can effectively prevent water and soil erosion. Weed grass and small-leaved seal are selected as the restoration vegetation for the water-fluctuation zone;

[0017] The cutting cultivation technology of Tamarix chinensis is adopted. 3-5 willow branches with a height of 1-2m are selected as a group. They are soaked in water for 2 hours before cultivation. The cutting depth is 30cm. The planting distance of Tamarix chinensis is 1m. Watering is carried out in time after cutting. If the hydrology is in a dry state after the cultivation of Tamarix chinensis, watering is carried out at least once a month, and supplementary cuttings are carried out after 3 months.

[0018] The sedge and the small-leaved seal adopt the technique of split-hill transplanting. The diameter of the sedge or small-leaved seal grass hill used for transplanting is 10 cm. The underground rhizome is greater than 5 cm when digging. The burial depth during transplanting is 10-15 cm. The spacing between grass hills is 40 cm. Watering is carried out in time after transplanting. After the sedge and the small-leaved seal are transplanted, the hydrological conditions of the fluctuation zone are monitored for three consecutive months to ensure that the recovery area is in a moist or dry-wet alternating state. Otherwise, ecological water replenishment is carried out, and replanting is carried out after 3 months according to the survival situation. The advantages of the present invention are:

[0019] The present invention has clear principles and strong operability, and can effectively improve the efficiency of ecological restoration of Jiangxin Island. Based on background surveys, the present invention divides the restoration area and configures restoration vegetation according to the environmental characteristics of the restoration area. By applying the method of the present invention to carry out ecological restoration of Jiangxin Island, the survival rate of Tamarix will reach more than 85%, and the communities of Sedge and Small-leaved Markia will reach more than 95%. It can further solve the problems of single vegetation community and soil erosion, and will also create a good habitat for Jiangxin Island. The present invention provides a reference basis for ecological restoration and management of Jiangxin Island. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is the comprehensive restoration model diagram of Tamarix-Sedge-Sedge in Experiment 1. 1 is the high tide level, 2 is the low tide level, 3 is the river island drawdown zone, 4 is the Sedge and Sedge grass mound transplantation, 5 is the river island stable island area, and 6 is the Tamarix vegetation transplantation;

[0021] Figure 2 This is the vegetation restoration pattern of Bacha Island in Experiment 1. 1 is the stable island restoration area, and 2 is the drawdown zone restoration area;

[0022] Figure 3 This is the actual picture of vegetation restoration on Bacha Island in Experiment 1;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a statistical chart of the survival rate of vegetation restoration on Bacha Island in Experiment 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation modes listed below, but also includes any combination of the specific implementation modes.

[0025] Specific implementation method 1: The comprehensive ecological restoration method of Jiangxin Island based on vegetation configuration technology in this implementation method is as follows:

[0026] Step 1: Background survey of Jiangxin Island environment and resources: Conduct hydrological survey, soil survey, geomorphological characteristics survey and background plant resource survey in the target restoration area of ​​Jiangxin Island;

[0027] Step 2: Division of ecological restoration areas: Based on the hydrological survey in step 1, the background survey results in step 1 are analyzed to further divide the ecological restoration areas. Areas with obvious seasonal fluctuations between the highest and lowest monitored water levels are divided into drawdown zones, while areas with little or no changes in monitored water levels are divided into stable island areas.

[0028] Step 3: Vegetation configuration and restoration: Based on the results of the background plant resource survey, taking into account the environmental characteristics of the island and the ecological restoration goals, select and restore vegetation to build a near-localized, multifunctional vegetation community;

[0029] Step 4. Maintenance of restoration project: After the implementation of vegetation restoration project, regular monitoring and maintenance shall be carried out.

[0030] Specific implementation method 2: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 in that the hydrological survey method in step 1 is to conduct a water level survey along the river bank toward the center of the island, and to monitor and record the periodic water level fluctuations of the river for a long time;

[0031] The soil survey method is to collect the surface soil in the restoration area and measure the soil water content, soil bulk density, soil pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus;

[0032] The method for surveying geomorphic features is to use drones to obtain orthophotos of the restoration area;

[0033] The plant resource survey method is to use a combination of sample lines and sample plots. Sample lines are laid out along the river bank toward the center of the island. Five 1m×1m sample plots are laid out on each sample line. The dominant species are determined based on the sample plot survey results. The rest is the same as the specific implementation method one.

[0034] Specific implementation method three: This implementation method is different from specific implementation methods one or two in that in step three, Tamarix chinensis is selected as the restoration vegetation in the stable island area; Sedge grass and Sesamum microphylla are selected as the restoration vegetation in the fluctuation zone;

[0035] The cutting cultivation technology of Tamarix chinensis is adopted. 3-5 willow branches with a height of 1-2m are selected as a group. They are soaked in water for 2 hours before cultivation. The cutting depth is 30cm. The planting distance of Tamarix chinensis is 1m. Watering is carried out in time after cutting. If the hydrology is in a dry state after the cultivation of Tamarix chinensis, watering is carried out at least once a month, and supplementary cuttings are carried out after 3 months.

[0036] The sedge and small-leaved seal adopt the technique of split-hill transplanting. The diameter of the sedge or small-leaved seal used for transplanting is 10 cm. The underground rhizome is greater than 5 cm when digging. The burial depth during transplanting is 10-15 cm. The spacing between grass hills is 40 cm. Watering is carried out in time after transplanting. After the sedge and small-leaved seal are transplanted, the hydrological conditions of the ebb and flow zone are monitored for three consecutive months to ensure that the restoration area is in a moist or dry-wet alternating state. Otherwise, ecological water supplementation is carried out, and replanting is carried out after 3 months according to the survival situation. Others are the same as the first or second specific implementation methods.

[0037] The following experiments were used to verify the effect of the present invention:

[0038] Experiment 1: The Bacha Island Ecological Restoration Area in Tongjiang City, Heilongjiang Province was selected as the implementation area. Figure 1-4 As shown in the figure, the comprehensive ecological restoration method of Jiangxin Island based on vegetation configuration technology is carried out in the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Before restoration, conduct a baseline survey of the environment and resources on Bacha Island: Conduct a hydrological survey, soil survey, geomorphological feature survey, and baseline plant resource survey in the target restoration area of ​​Bacha Island to determine the dominant vegetation species.

[0040] Step 2: Based on the hydrological survey in step 1, analyze the background survey results in step 1 and divide the ecological restoration area. The area with obvious seasonal fluctuations between the highest and lowest water levels is divided into the drawdown zone, and the area with little or no change in the monitored water level is divided into the stable island area.

[0041] Step 3: Select Tamarix as the restoration vegetation for the stable island, and Scutellaria baicalensis and Salix babylonica as the restoration vegetation for the ebb and flow zone, and plant them by cuttings in spring. Select 3-5 willow branches with a height of 1-2m as a group, soak them in water for 2 hours before planting, the cutting depth is 30cm, the planting distance of Tamarix is ​​1m, and water is applied after cutting. Scutellaria baicalensis and Salix babylonica adopt the technique of split-hill transplanting. The diameter of the Scutellaria baicalensis or Salix babylonica used for transplanting is 10cm, the underground rhizome is larger than 5cm when digging, the burial depth is 15cm during transplanting, the spacing between grass hills is 40cm, and water is applied after transplanting ( Figure 1-2 ).

[0042] Step 4: Carry out maintenance after the restoration project is implemented. Water the tamarisk at least once in the dry months and replant it after 3 months. Monitor the hydrological conditions of the watershed zone for 3 consecutive months after the transplanting of sedge and small-leaved seal. The watershed zone is always in a moist state and replant it after 3 months. Figure 3 ).

[0043] Through the method of this experiment, the regional ecological restoration effect was significant. The survival rate of Tamarix chinensis for the first planting reached 77%, and the survival rate after maintenance reached 89%; the survival rate of Sedge and Small-leaved Mark was 92% for the first planting, and the survival rate after maintenance reached more than 95% ( Figure 4 ).

Claims

1. Comprehensive ecological restoration method of Jiangxin Island based on vegetation configuration technology, Features The comprehensive ecological restoration method of Jiangxin Island based on vegetation configuration technology is as follows: Step 1: Background survey of Jiangxin Island environment and resources: Conduct hydrological survey, soil survey, geomorphological characteristics survey and background plant resource survey in the target restoration area of ​​Jiangxin Island; Step 2: Division of ecological restoration areas: Based on the hydrological survey in step 1, the background survey results in step 1 are analyzed to further divide the ecological restoration areas. Areas with obvious seasonal fluctuations between the highest and lowest monitored water levels are divided into drawdown zones, while areas with little or no changes in monitored water levels are divided into stable island areas. Step 3: Vegetation configuration and restoration: Based on the results of the background plant resource survey, taking into account the environmental characteristics of the island and the ecological restoration goals, select and restore vegetation to build a near-localized, multifunctional vegetation community; Step 4. Maintenance of restoration project: After the implementation of vegetation restoration project, regular monitoring and maintenance shall be carried out.

2. According to the comprehensive ecological restoration method of Jiangxin Island based on vegetation configuration technology as described in claim 1, Features The hydrological survey method in step 1 is to conduct a water level survey along the river bank towards the center of the island, and to monitor and record the periodic water level fluctuations of the river over a long period of time; The soil survey method is to collect the surface soil in the restoration area and measure the soil water content, soil bulk density, soil pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus; The method for surveying geomorphic features is to use drones to obtain orthophotos of the restoration area; The plant resource survey method is to use a combination of sample line and sample plot method. Sample lines are laid out along the river bank toward the center of the island. Five 1m×1m sample plots are laid out on each sample line. The dominant species are determined based on the sample plot survey results.

3. According to the comprehensive ecological restoration method of Jiangxin Island based on vegetation configuration technology as described in claim 1, Features In step 3, Tamarix chinensis is selected as the restoration vegetation in the stable island area; Sedge grass and Sesamum microphylla are selected as the restoration vegetation in the fluctuation zone; The cutting cultivation technology of Tamarix chinensis is adopted. 3-5 willow branches with a height of 1-2m are selected as a group. They are soaked in water for 2 hours before cultivation. The cutting depth is 30cm. The planting distance of Tamarix chinensis is 1m. Watering is carried out in time after cutting. If the hydrology is in a dry state after the cultivation of Tamarix chinensis, watering is carried out at least once a month, and supplementary cuttings are carried out after 3 months. The technique of split-hill transplanting is used for sedge and small-leaved seal. The diameter of the sedge or small-leaved seal grass hill used for transplanting is 10cm. The underground rhizome is larger than 5cm when digging. The burial depth during transplanting is 10-15cm. The transplanting spacing of grass hills is 40cm. Water them in time after transplanting. After transplanting, the hydrological conditions of the drawdown zone are monitored for three consecutive months to ensure that the restoration area is in a moist or alternating wet-dry state. Otherwise, ecological water replenishment is carried out. Replanting is carried out after 3 months based on the survival situation.

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